TY - CHAP
A1 - Quitzow, Rainer
A1 - Bersalli, Germán
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
A1 - Prontera, Andrea
ED - Rayner, Tim
ED - Szulecki, Kacper
ED - Jordan, Andrew J.
ED - Oberthür, Sebastian
T1 - Green recovery
BT - catalyst for an enhanced EU role in climate and energy policy?
T2 - Handbook on European Union Climate Change Policy and Politics
N2 - This chapter reviews how the European Union has fared in enabling a green recovery in the aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis, drawing comparisons to developments after the financial crisis. The chapter focuses on the European Commission and its evolving role in promoting decarbonisation efforts in its Member States, paying particular attention to its role in financing investments in low-carbon assets. It considers both the direct effects of green stimulus policies on decarbonisation in the EU and how these actions have shaped the capacities of the Commission as an actor in the field of climate and energy policy. The analysis reveals a significant expansion of the Commission’s role compared to the period following the financial crisis. EU-level measures have provided incentives for Member States to direct large volumes of financing towards investments in climate-friendly assets. Nevertheless, the ultimate impact will largely be shaped by implementation at the national level.
KW - European Union
KW - green recovery
KW - climate finance
KW - European Green Deal
KW - just transition
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-1-78990-698-1
SN - 978-1-78990-697-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789906981.00039
SP - 351
EP - 366
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ollier, Lana
A1 - Metz, Florence
A1 - Nuñez-Jimenez, Alejandro
A1 - Späth, Leonhard
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
T1 - The European 2030 climate and energy package
BT - do domestic strategy adaptations precede EU policy change?
JF - Policy sciences
N2 - The European Union’s 2030 climate and energy package introduced fundamental changes compared to its 2020 predecessor. These changes included a stronger focus on the internal market and an increased emphasis on technology-neutral decarbonization while simultaneously de-emphasizing the renewables target. This article investigates whether changes in domestic policy strategies of leading member states in European climate policy preceded the observed changes in EU policy. Disaggregating strategic change into changes in different elements (goals, objectives, instrumental logic), allows us to go beyond analyzing the relative prioritization of different goals, and to analyze how policy requirements for reaching those goals were dynamically redefined over time. To this end, we introduce a new method, which based on insights from social network analysis, enables us to systematically trace those strategic chances. We find that shifts in national strategies of the investigated member states preceded the shift in EU policy. In particular, countries reframed their understanding of supply security, and pushed for the internal electricity market also as a security measure to balance fluctuating renewables. Hence, the increasing focus on markets and market integration in the European 2030 package echoed the increasingly central role of the internal market for electricity supply security in national strategies. These findings also highlight that countries dynamically redefined their goals relative to the different phases of the energy transition.
KW - climate and energy policy
KW - policy strategy
KW - European Union
KW - decarbonization
KW - renewable energy
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-022-09447-5
SN - 0032-2687
SN - 1573-0891
VL - 55
IS - 1
SP - 161
EP - 184
PB - Springer Science+Business Media LLC
CY - New York
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Meinel, Christoph
A1 - Galbas, Michael
A1 - Hagebölling, David
T1 - Digital sovereignty: insights from Germany’s education sector
T1 - Digitale Souveränität: Erkenntnisse aus dem deutschen Bildungssektor
N2 - Digital technology offers significant political, economic, and societal opportunities. At the same time, the notion of digital sovereignty has become a leitmotif in German discourse: the state’s capacity to assume its responsibilities and safeguard society’s – and individuals’ – ability to shape the digital transformation in a self-determined way. The education sector is exemplary for the challenge faced by Germany, and indeed Europe, of harnessing the benefits of digital technology while navigating concerns around sovereignty. It encompasses education as a core public good, a rapidly growing field of business, and growing pools of highly sensitive personal data. The report describes pathways to mitigating the tension between digitalization and sovereignty at three different levels – state, economy, and individual – through the lens of concrete technical projects in the education sector: the HPI Schul-Cloud (state sovereignty), the MERLOT data spaces (economic sovereignty), and the openHPI platform (individual sovereignty).
N2 - Digitale Technologien bieten erhebliche politische, wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Chancen. Zugleich ist der Begriff digitale Souveränität zu einem Leitmotiv im deutschen Diskurs über digitale Technologien geworden: das heißt, die Fähigkeit des Staates, seine Verantwortung wahrzunehmen und die Befähigung der Gesellschaft – und des Einzelnen – sicherzustellen, die digitale Transformation selbstbestimmt zu gestalten. Exemplarisch für die Herausforderung in Deutschland und Europa, die Vorteile digitaler Technologien zu nutzen und gleichzeitig Souveränitätsbedenken zu berücksichtigen, steht der Bildungssektor. Er umfasst Bildung als zentrales öffentliches Gut, ein schnell aufkommendes Geschäftsfeld und wachsende Bestände an hochsensiblen personenbezogenen Daten. Davon ausgehend beschreibt der Bericht Wege zur Entschärfung des Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen Digitalisierung und Souveränität auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen – Staat, Wirtschaft und Individuum – anhand konkreter technischer Projekte im Bildungsbereich: die HPI Schul-Cloud (staatliche Souveränität), die MERLOT-Datenräume (wirtschaftliche Souveränität) und die openHPI-Plattform (individuelle Souveränität).
T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 157
KW - digitalization
KW - digital sovereignty
KW - digital education
KW - HPI Schul-Cloud
KW - MERLOT
KW - openHPI
KW - European Union
KW - Digitalisierung
KW - digitale Souveränität
KW - digitale Bildung
KW - HPI Schul-Cloud
KW - MERLOT
KW - openHPI
KW - Europäische Union
Y1 - 2023
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-597723
SN - 978-3-86956-561-3
SN - 1613-5652
SN - 2191-1665
IS - 157
SP - 1
EP - 27
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hecke, Steven van
A1 - Fuhr, Harald
A1 - Wolfs, Wouter
T1 - The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic
BT - the member states at a crossroads
JF - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2 - Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management.
Points for practitioners
As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints.
KW - autonomy
KW - COVID-19
KW - crisis management
KW - European Union
KW - International
KW - Monetary Fund
KW - international organizations
KW - multilateralism
KW - World Bank
KW - World Health Organization
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320984516
SN - 0020-8523
SN - 1461-7226
VL - 87
IS - 3
SP - 672
EP - 690
PB - Sage
CY - Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ebers, Martin
A1 - Hoch, Veronica R. S.
A1 - Rosenkranz, Frank
A1 - Ruschemeier, Hannah
A1 - Steinrötter, Björn
T1 - The European Commission’s proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act
BT - a critical assessment by members of the Robotics and AI Law Society (RAILS)
JF - J : multidisciplinary scientific journal
N2 - On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation “laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence”, the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act” (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11).
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - machine learning
KW - European Union
KW - regulation
KW - harmonization
KW - Artificial Intelligence Act
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/j4040043
SN - 2571-8800
VL - 4
IS - 4
SP - 589
EP - 603
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bobzien, Licia
A1 - Kalleitner, Fabian
T1 - Attitudes towards European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT - evidence from a net-contributor country
JF - European societies
N2 - Whilst the Covid-19 pandemic affects all European countries, the ways in which these countries are prepared for the health and subsequent economic crisis varies considerably. Financial solidarity within the European Union (EU) could mitigate some of these inequalities but depends upon the support of the citizens of individual member states for such policies. This paper studies attitudes of the Austrian population - a net-contributor to the European budget - towards financial solidarity using two waves of the Austrian Corona Panel Project collected in May and June 2020. We find that individuals (i) who are less likely to consider the Covid-19 pandemic as a national economic threat, (ii) who believe that Austria benefits from supporting other countries, and (iii) who prefer the crisis to be organized more centrally at EU-level show higher support for European financial solidarity. Using fixed effects models, we further show that perceiving economic threats and preferring central crisis management also explain attitude dynamics within individuals over time. We conclude that cost-benefit perceptions are important determinants for individual support of European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic.
KW - Covid-19
KW - financial solidarity
KW - European Union
KW - Austria
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1836669
SN - 1461-6696
SN - 1469-8307
VL - 23
IS - Sup. 1
SP - S791
EP - S804
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Paasch, Jana
T1 - Revisiting policy preferences and capacities in the EU
BT - Multi-level policy implementation in the subnational authorities
JF - Journal of common market studies : JCMS
N2 - Research on multi-level implementation of EU legislation has almost exclusively focused on the national level, while little is known about the role of subnational authorities. Nevertheless, it is a prerequisite for the functioning of the European Union that all member states and their subnational authorities apply and enforce EU legislation in due time. I address this research gap and take a closer look at the legal transposition process in the German regional states. Using a novel data set comprising detailed information on about 700 subnational measures, I show that state-level variables, such as political preferences and ministerial resources, account for variation in the timing of legal transposition and repeatedly lead to subnational delay. To conclude, the paper addresses the role of subnational authorities in the EU multi-level system and points to their interest in shaping legal transposition in order to counterbalance their loss of competences to the national level.
KW - European Union
KW - transposition
KW - EU directives
KW - implementation measures
KW - subnational authorities
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13286
SN - 0021-9886
SN - 1468-5965
VL - 60
IS - 3
SP - 783
EP - 800
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian
T1 - Struggling over crisis
T1 - Umkämpfte Krise
BT - Discoursive Positionings and Academic Positions in the Field of German-Speaking Economists
BT - Diskursive Positionierungen und akademische Positionen im Feld deutschsprachiger Volkswirt*innen
JF - Historical Social Research
N2 - If you put two economists in a room, you get two opinions, unless one of them is Lord Keynes, in which case you get three opinions.” Following the premise of this quotation attributed to Winston Churchill, varying perceptions of the European crisis by academic economists and their structural homology to economists’ positions in the field of economics are examined. The dataset analysed using specific multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) comprises information on the careers of 480 German-speaking economists and on statements they made concerning crisis-related issues. It can be shown that the main structural differences in the composition and amount of scientific and academic capital held by economists as well as their age and degree of transnationalisation are linked to how they see the crisis: as a national sovereign debt crisis, as a European banking crisis, or as a crisis of European integration and institutions.
KW - Economics
KW - multiple correspondence analysis
KW - Bourdieu
KW - field
KW - discourse
KW - mixed methods
KW - European Union
KW - crisis
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.43.2018.3.147-188
SN - 0172-6404
VL - 43
IS - 3
SP - 147
EP - 188
PB - GESIS, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
CY - Cologne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Davydchyk, Maria
A1 - Mehlhausen, Thomas
A1 - Priesmeyer-Tkocz, Weronika
T1 - The price of success, the benefit of setbacks
BT - alternative futures of EU-Ukraine relations
JF - Futures : the journal of policy, planning and futures studies
N2 - This article explores the various futures of relations between the European Union (EU) and Ukraine. After distilling two major drivers we construct a future compass in order to conceive of four futures of relations between the EU and Ukraine. Our scenarios aim to challenge deep-rooted assumptions on the EU’s neighbourhood with Ukraine: How will the politico-economic challenges in the European countries influence the EU’s approach towards the East? Will more EU engagement in Ukraine contribute to enduring peace? Does peace always come with stability? Which prospects does the idea of Intermarium have? Are the pivotal transformation players in Ukraine indeed oligarchs or rather small- and medium-sized entrepreneurs? After presenting our scenarios, we propose indicators to know in the years to come, along which path future relations do develop. By unearthing surprising developments we hope to provoke innovative thoughts on Eastern Europe in times of post truth societies, confrontation between states and hybrid warfare.
KW - European Union
KW - Ukraine
KW - Russia
KW - European Neighbourhood Policy
KW - Eastern Europe
KW - Eurasian Economic Union
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.06.004
SN - 0016-3287
SN - 1873-6378
VL - 97
SP - 35
EP - 46
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Hanschmann, Raffael Tino
T1 - Stalling the engine? EU climate politics after the ‘Great Recession’
T1 - Den Motor abgewürgt? EU-Klimapolitik nach der Großen Rezession
BT - investigating the impact of economic shocks on EU climate policy-making in three case studies
BT - eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von Wirtschaftskrisen auf Prozesse in der EU-Klimapolitik in drei Fallstudien
N2 - This dissertation investigates the impact of the economic and fiscal crisis starting in 2008 on EU climate policy-making. While the overall number of adopted greenhouse gas emission reduction policies declined in the crisis aftermath, EU lawmakers decided to introduce new or tighten existing regulations in some important policy domains. Existing knowledge about the crisis impact on EU legislative decision-making cannot explain these inconsistencies. In response, this study develops an actor-centred conceptual framework based on rational choice institutionalism that provides a micro-level link to explain how economic crises translate into altered policy-making patterns. The core theoretical argument draws on redistributive conflicts, arguing that tensions between ‘beneficiaries’ and ‘losers’ of a regulatory initiative intensify during economic crises and spill over to the policy domain. To test this hypothesis and using social network analysis, this study analyses policy processes in three case studies: The introduction of carbon dioxide emission limits for passenger cars, the expansion of the EU Emissions Trading System to aviation, and the introduction of a regulatory framework for biofuels. The key finding is that an economic shock causes EU policy domains to polarise politically, resulting in intensified conflict and more difficult decision-making. The results also show that this process of political polarisation roots in the industry that is the subject of the regulation, and that intergovernmental bargaining among member states becomes more important, but also more difficult in times of crisis.
N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss der in 2008 beginnenden globalen Wirtschaftskrise auf die Prozesse der EU-Klimapolitik. Während die Zahl der verabschiedeten Gesetze zur Treibhausgasreduktion nach Krisenausbruch insgesamt sank, entschieden die EU-Gesetzgeber, in mehreren wichtigen Politikfeldern neue Regulierungen einzuführen oder existierende zu verschärfen. Bestehendes Wissen zum Einfluss der Krise auf EU-Gesetzgebungsprozesse kann diese Inkonsistenzen nicht erklären. Daher entwickelt diese Arbeit ein auf Rational-Choice-Institutionalismus basierendes konzeptionelles Gerüst, das auf der Mikro-Ebene eine kausale Verbindung zwischen Wirtschaftskrise und veränderten Politikprozessen herstellt. Das zentrale theoretische Argument beruht auf Verteilungskonflikten innerhalb der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranchen: Die Spannung zwischen „Nutznießern“ und „Verlierern“ einer geplanten Regulierung intensiviert sich in Krisenzeiten und setzt sich im politischen Raum fort. Diese Hypothese wird an drei Fallstudien mittels sozialer Netzwerkanalyse getestet. Die drei Fallstudien untersuchen politische Entscheidungsprozesse in den folgenden EU-Politikfeldern: Kohlenstoffdioxid-Emissionsgrenzen für PKW, die Ausweitung des Emissionshandels auf Flugverkehr und die Einführung eines Regulierungsrahmens für Biokraftstoffe. Die wichtigste Erkenntnis der Untersuchung ist, dass makroökonomische Schocks eine Polarisierung der politischen Interessen innerhalb eines Politikfeldes auslösen, dadurch Konflikte intensivieren und letztlich Entscheidungsfindungen erschweren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass dieser Polarisierungsprozess in der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranche wurzelt. Außerdem werden Verhandlungen zwischen den Regierungen der Mitgliedsstaaten in Krisenzeiten wichtiger, aber auch schwieriger.
KW - EU
KW - European Union
KW - policy-making
KW - network analysis
KW - policy preferences
KW - economic crisis
KW - crisis
KW - climate
KW - climate change
KW - climate policy
KW - climate politics
KW - environmental policy
KW - EU
KW - Europäische Union
KW - Politikgestaltung
KW - Netzwerkanalyse
KW - Politikpräferenzen
KW - Wirtschaftskrise
KW - Krise
KW - Klima
KW - Klimawandel
KW - Klimapolitik
KW - Umweltpolitik
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440441
ER -