TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mumm, Rebekka
A1  - Hermanussen, Michael
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
T1  - voice break as the marker of biological age
JF  - Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child
N2  - Aim: We aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status. Methods: We re-analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10-17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys. Results: Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m(2) higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity-related references led to an average of 5.4% of boys being falsely classified as overweight.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Developmental tempo
KW  - Growth reference values
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Voice break
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13488
SN  - 0803-5253
SN  - 1651-2227
VL  - 105
SP  - e459
EP  - e463
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -