TY - JOUR A1 - Gupta, Banshi D. A1 - Pathak, Anisha A1 - Shrivastav, Anand T1 - Optical Biomedical Diagnostics Using Lab-on-Fiber Technology BT - a review JF - Photonics : open access journal N2 - Point-of-care and in-vivo bio-diagnostic tools are the current need for the present critical scenarios in the healthcare industry. The past few decades have seen a surge in research activities related to solving the challenges associated with precise on-site bio-sensing. Cutting-edge fiber optic technology enables the interaction of light with functionalized fiber surfaces at remote locations to develop a novel, miniaturized and cost-effective lab on fiber technology for bio-sensing applications. The recent remarkable developments in the field of nanotechnology provide innumerable functionalization methodologies to develop selective bio-recognition elements for label free biosensors. These exceptional methods may be easily integrated with fiber surfaces to provide highly selective light-matter interaction depending on various transduction mechanisms. In the present review, an overview of optical fiber-based biosensors has been provided with focus on physical principles used, along with the functionalization protocols for the detection of various biological analytes to diagnose the disease. The design and performance of these biosensors in terms of operating range, selectivity, response time and limit of detection have been discussed. In the concluding remarks, the challenges associated with these biosensors and the improvement required to develop handheld devices to enable direct target detection have been highlighted. KW - fiber optic sensors KW - synthesis KW - interferometry KW - fluorescence KW - SERS KW - SPR KW - immunosensors KW - enzymatic sensors KW - molecular imprinted polymers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020086 SN - 2304-6732 VL - 9 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola A1 - Schürmann, Robin Mathis A1 - Pacholski, Claudia T1 - One Spot-Two Sensors: Porous Silicon Interferometers in Combination With Gold Nanostructures Showing Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance JF - Frontiers in chemistry N2 - Sensors composed of a porous silicon monolayer covered with a film of nanostructured gold layer, which provide two optical signal transduction methods, are fabricated and thoroughly characterized concerning their sensing performance. For this purpose, silicon substrates were electrochemically etched in order to obtain porous silicon monolayers, which were subsequently immersed in gold salt solution facilitating the formation of a porous gold nanoparticle layer on top of the porous silicon. The deposition process was monitored by reflectance spectroscopy, and the appearance of a dip in the interference pattern of the porous silicon layer was observed. This dip can be assigned to the absorption of light by the deposited gold nanostructures leading to localized surface plasmon resonance. The bulk sensitivity of these sensors was determined by recording reflectance spectra in media having different refractive indices and compared to sensors exclusively based on porous silicon or gold nanostructures. A thorough analysis of resulting shifts of the different optical signals in the reflectance spectra on the wavelength scale indicated that the optical response of the porous silicon sensor is not influenced by the presence of a gold nanostructure on top. Moreover, the adsorption of thiol-terminated polystyrene to the sensor surface was solely detected by changes in the position of the dip in the reflectance spectrum, which is assigned to localized surface plasmon resonance in the gold nanostructures. The interference pattern resulting from the porous silicon layer is not shifted to longer wavelengths by the adsorption indicating the independence of the optical response of the two nanostructures, namely porous silicon and nanostructured gold layer, to refractive index changes and pointing to the successful realization of two sensors in one spot. KW - porous silicon KW - interferometry KW - gold nanostructures KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - optical sensor Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00593 SN - 2296-2646 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Lontsi, Agostiny Marrios T1 - 1D shallow sedimentary subsurface imaging using ambient noise and active seismic data T1 - 1D Bildgebung oberflächennaher Sedimente mit Hilfe von Daten der allgemeinen, seismischen Bodenunruhe und Daten der aktiven Seismik N2 - The Earth’s shallow subsurface with sedimentary cover acts as a waveguide to any incoming wavefield. Within the framework of my thesis, I focused on the characterization of this shallow subsurface within tens to few hundreds of meters of sediment cover. I imaged the seismic 1D shear wave velocity (and possibly the 1D compressional wave velocity). This information is not only required for any seismic risk assessment, geotechnical engineering or microzonation activities, but also for exploration and global seismology where site effects are often neglected in seismic waveform modeling. First, the conventional frequency-wavenumber (f - k) technique is used to derive the dispersion characteristic of the propagating surface waves recorded using distinct arrays of seismometers in 1D and 2D configurations. Further, the cross-correlation technique is applied to seismic array data to estimate the Green’s function between receivers pairs combination assuming one is the source and the other the receiver. With the consideration of a 1D media, the estimated cross-correlation Green’s functions are sorted with interstation distance in a virtual 1D active seismic experiment. The f - k technique is then used to estimate the dispersion curves. This integrated analysis is important for the interpretation of a large bandwidth of the phase velocity dispersion curves and therefore improving the resolution of the estimated 1D Vs profile. Second, the new theoretical approach based on the Diffuse Field Assumption (DFA) is used for the interpretation of the observed microtremors H/V spectral ratio. The theory is further extended in this research work to include not only the interpretation of the H/V measured at the surface, but also the H/V measured at depths and in marine environments. A modeling and inversion of synthetic H/V spectral ratio curves on simple predefined geological structures shows an almost perfect recovery of the model parameters (mainly Vs and to a lesser extent Vp). These results are obtained after information from a receiver at depth has been considered in the inversion. Finally, the Rayleigh wave phase velocity information, estimated from array data, and the H/V(z, f) spectral ratio, estimated from a single station data, are combined and inverted for the velocity profile information. Obtained results indicate an improved depth resolution in comparison to estimations using the phase velocity dispersion curves only. The overall estimated sediment thickness is comparable to estimations obtained by inverting the full micortremor H/V spectral ratio. N2 - Oberflächennahe Sedimente wirken oft als Verstärker für einfallende seismische Wellenfelder. Im Rahmen meiner Doktorarbeit konzentriere ich mich auf die Eigenschaften des oberflächennahen Untergrundes von einigen zehn bis zu hundert Metern Sedimentabdeckung. Dabei leite ich Tiefenprofile (1D) der seismische Scherwellengeschwindigkeit (Vs) und wenn möglich auch der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit (Vp) aus seismischen Daten ab. Diese Informationen sind nicht nur für jede Erdbebenrisikobewertung, Geotechnik- oder Mikrozonierungsaktivität erforderlich, sondern sind auch für die seismische Erkundung und globale Seismologie von Bedeutung, da Standorteffekte in seismischen Wellenformmodellierungen oft vernachlässigt werden. Zuerst wird die herkömmliche Frequenz-Wellenzahl (f - k) Technik verwendet, um die Dispersionskurven der Phasengeschwindigkeit von Oberflächenwellen abzuleiten. Die zugrundeliegenden Daten stammen von Seismometerarrays in unterschiedlichen 1D- und 2D-Konfigurationen. In einem weiteren Schritt wird die Green’s Funktion zwischen verschiedenen Empfängerpaaren aus den Daten des seismischen Arrays geschätzt. Dabei wird die Kreuzkorrelationstechnik verwendet. In einem virtuellen 1D Experiment der aktiven Seismik werden die abgeleiteten Green’s Funktionen der Interstationsdistanz nach geordnet. Dann wird die f-k Technik verwendet um wiederum Dispersionskurven abzuleiten. Dieser integrierte Ansatz ermöglicht die Analyse einer grösseren Bandbreite für die Dispersionskurven und daher eine verbesserte Auflösung des 1D Tiefenprofils der Scherwellengeschwindigkeit (Vs). In einem zweiten Schritt wird ein neuer Ansatz, basierend auf der diffusen Wellenfeldannahme (engl., Diffuse Field Assumption, DFA), zur Interpretation beobachteter horizontal zu vertikalen Spektralamplitudenverhältnissen (H/V-Spektralverhältnisse), die aus allgemeiner Bodenunruhe abgeleited wurden,genutzt. Diese Theorie wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erweitert, um nicht nur an der Oberfläche gemessene H/V- Spektralverhältnisse interpretieren zu können sondern auch Messungen in der Tiefe (Bohrloch) und in mariner Umgebung (Ozeanboden). Eine Modellierung und Inversion von synthetischen HV- Spektralverhältnissen für vordefinierte, einfache geologische Strukturen zeigt eine nahezu perfekte Identifikation/Rekonstruktion der Modellparameter (im wesentlichen Vs und in geringerem Maße Vp), wenn die zusätzliche Information von HV- Spektralverhältnissen eines Empfängers in der Tiefe bei der Inversion berücksichtigt wird. Letztlich wurden (i) Phasengeschwindigkeiten von Rayleighwellen, die aus einem Arraydatensatz geschätzt wurden, mit (ii) H/V-Spektralverhältnissen einer Einzelstation kombiniert invertiert, um Tiefen-profile seismischer Geschwindigkeiten (Vs, Vp) zu bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse deuten daraufhin, dass sich mit einer kombinierte Inversion seismische Geschwindigkeiten bis in größere Tiefen bestimmen lassen, verglichen mit der Inversion von nur Phasengeschwindigkeiten allein. Die geschätzte Gesamtmächtigkeit von Oberflächensedimenten aufgrund der kombinierten Inversion ist vergleichbar mit der, abgleitet von nur H/V-Spektralverhältnissen. KW - active seismic KW - passive seismic KW - virtual active seismic KW - dispersion curves KW - inversion KW - Vs profiles KW - inverse theory KW - interferometry KW - site effects KW - aktive Seismik KW - passive Seismik KW - virtuelle aktive Seismik KW - Dispersionskurven KW - Inversion KW - Vs Profile KW - Inversionstheorie KW - Interferometrie KW - Standorteffekte Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103807 ER -