TY - GEN A1 - Jones, Eppie R. A1 - González-Fortes, Gloria M. A1 - Connell, Sarah A1 - Siska, Veronika A1 - Eriksson, Anders A1 - Martiniano, Rui A1 - McLaughlin, Russell L. A1 - Llorente, Marcos Gallego A1 - Cassidy, Lara M. A1 - Gamba, Cristina A1 - Meshveliani, Tengiz A1 - Bar-Yosef, Ofer A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Belfer-Cohen, Anna A1 - Matskevich, Zinovi A1 - Jakeli, Nino A1 - Higham, Thomas F. G. A1 - Currat, Mathias A1 - Lordkipanidze, David A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Manica, Andrea A1 - Pinhasi, Ron A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. T1 - Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic–Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1334 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439317 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1334 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Gäbler, Martijn A1 - VanSwearingen, Jessie M. A1 - Malatesta, Davide A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Effects of three types of exercise interventions on healthy old adults’ gait speed BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age-related gait speed loss is unclear. Purpose: Our objective was to determine the effects of strength, power, coordination, and multimodal exercise training on healthy old adults' habitual and fast gait speed. Methods: We performed a computerized systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge from January 1984 up to December 2014. Search terms included 'Resistance training', 'power training', 'coordination training', 'multimodal training', and 'gait speed (outcome term). Inclusion criteria were articles available in full text, publication period over past 30 years, human species, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, English as publication language, and subject age C65 years. The methodological quality of all eligible intervention studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. We computed weighted average standardized mean differences of the intervention-induced adaptations in gait speed using a random-effects model and tested for overall and individual intervention effects relative to no-exercise controls. Results: A total of 42 studies (mean PEDro score of 5.0 +/- 1.2) were included in the analyses (2495 healthy old adults; age 74.2 years [64.4-82.7]; body mass 69.9 +/- 4.9 kg, height 1.64 +/- 0.05 m, body mass index 26.4 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2), and gait speed 1.22 +/- 0.18 m/s). The search identified only one power training study, therefore the subsequent analyses focused only on the effects of resistance, coordination, and multimodal training on gait speed. The three types of intervention improved gait speed in the three experimental groups combined (n = 1297) by 0.10 m/s (+/- 0.12) or 8.4 % (+/- 9.7), with a large effect size (ES) of 0.84. Resistance (24 studies; n = 613; 0.11 m/s; 9.3 %; ES: 0.84), coordination (eight studies, n = 198; 0.09 m/s; 7.6 %; ES: 0.76), and multimodal training (19 studies; n = 486; 0.09 m/s; 8.4 %, ES: 0.86) increased gait speed statistically and similarly. Conclusions: Commonly used exercise interventions can functionally and clinically increase habitual and fast gait speed and help slow the loss of gait speed or delay its onset. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 840 KW - resistance training KW - exercise intervention KW - gait speed KW - power training KW - mobility disability Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431150 SN - 1866-8364 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Hasenkamp, Natascha A1 - Mayer, Jens A1 - Michaux, Johan A1 - Morand, Serge A1 - Mazzoni, Camila J. A1 - Roca, Alfred L. A1 - Greenwood, Alex D. T1 - Endogenous murine leukemia retroviral variation across wild European and inbred strains of house mouse T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Endogenous murine leukemia retroviruses (MLVs) are high copy number proviral elements difficult to comprehensively characterize using standard low throughput sequencing approaches. However, high throughput approaches generate data that is challenging to process, interpret and present. Results: Next generation sequencing (NGS) data was generated for MLVs from two wild caught Mus musculus domesticus (from mainland France and Corsica) and for inbred laboratory mouse strains C3H, LP/J and SJL. Sequence reads were grouped using a novel sequence clustering approach as applied to retroviral sequences. A Markov cluster algorithm was employed, and the sequence reads were queried for matches to specific xenotropic (Xmv), polytropic (Pmv) and modified polytropic (Mpmv) viral reference sequences. Conclusions: Various MLV subtypes were more widespread than expected among the mice, which may be due to the higher coverage of NGS, or to the presence of similar sequence across many different proviral loci. The results did not correlate with variation in the major MLV receptor Xpr1, which can restrict exogenous MLVs, suggesting that endogenous MLV distribution may reflect gene flow more than past resistance to infection. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1329 KW - murine leukemia virus KW - endogenous retrovirus KW - Xpr1 KW - XMRV KW - genomic evolution KW - Markov cluster algorithm Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431200 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1329 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Alter, S. Elizabeth A1 - Meyer, Matthias A1 - Post, Klaas A1 - Czechowski, Paul A1 - Gravlund, Peter A1 - Gaines, Cork A1 - Rosenbaum, Howard C. A1 - Kaschner, Kristin A1 - Turvey, Samuel T. A1 - van der Plicht, Johannes A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Climate impacts on transocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the Pleistocene prior to the last glacial period and the early Holocene immediately following the opening of the Bering Strait. Genetic diversity in the Atlantic declined over an extended interval that predates the period of intensive commercial whaling, indicating this decline may have been precipitated by Holocene climate or other ecological causes. These first genetic data for Atlantic gray whales, particularly when combined with predictive habitat models for the year 2100, suggest that two recent sightings of gray whales in the Atlantic may represent the beginning of the expansion of this species' habitat beyond its currently realized range. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 965 KW - ancient DNA KW - climate change KW - last glacial maximum KW - marine mammal Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438920 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 965 SP - 1510 EP - 1522 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Goodchild, Helen A1 - Speller, Camilla F. A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M. A1 - Thomas, Jessica A. A1 - Ludwig, Arne A1 - Collins, Matthew J. T1 - The future of ancient DNA BT - technical advances and conceptual shifts T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Technological innovations such as next generation sequencing and DNA hybridisation enrichment have resulted in multi-fold increases in both the quantity of ancient DNA sequence data and the time depth for DNA retrieval. To date, over 30 ancient genomes have been sequenced, moving from 0.7x coverage (mammoth) in 2008 to more than 50x coverage (Neanderthal) in 2014. Studies of rapid evolutionary changes, such as the evolution and spread of pathogens and the genetic responses of hosts, or the genetics of domestication and climatic adaptation, are developing swiftly and the importance of palaeogenomics for investigating evolutionary processes during the last million years is likely to increase considerably. However, these new datasets require new methods of data processing and analysis, as well as conceptual changes in interpreting the results. In this review we highlight important areas of future technical and conceptual progress and discuss research topics in the rapidly growing field of palaeogenomics. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 908 KW - ancient DNA KW - hybridisation capture KW - multi-locus data KW - next generation sequencing (NGS) KW - palaeogenomics KW - population genomics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438816 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 908 SP - 284 EP - 295 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dittmar, Fanni A1 - Seyfried, Salim A1 - Kaever, Volkhard A1 - Seifert, Roland T1 - Zebrafish as model organism for cNMP research T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 902 KW - cyclic nucleotide KW - Zebrafish embryo KW - chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436978 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 902 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor T1 - Exercise to improve mobility in healthy aging T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 897 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432419 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 897 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Fernandez‐del‐Olmo, Miguel A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Results Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (−6.4 %, effect size = −0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = −0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Conclusions Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 627 KW - exercise KW - muscle KW - force KW - power KW - skill KW - reflex KW - endocrine KW - metabolism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431993 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 627 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleibrink, Alexander A1 - Niehaves, Björn A1 - Palop, Pau A1 - Sörvik, Jens A1 - Thapa, Basanta E. P. T1 - Regional ICT innovation in the European Union BT - prioritization and performance (2008–2012) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In the current programming period, European Union (EU) regions and member states that want to use European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) are required to develop innovation strategies for smart specialization (RIS3) based on the idea of rational strategic management. In order to explore the relationship between strategic policy design and policy performance, this article maps regional strategies for information and communication technologies (ICT) and their effects in the period 2008–2012. Furthermore, it generates suggestions for relevant case studies. We first conduct a quantitative analysis of the effects of ICT strategies and ERDF expenditure on regional ICT performance in Western European regions. ICT is a relevant priority for many regions, and it reflects EU priorities fostering ICT activities through regional development funds. Second, we propose a framework to categorize EU regions in the context of ICT policy based on the expected distribution of regional ICT performance. Our analysis covers 97 regions in 9 EU member states, out of which 29 have had a dedicated ICT strategy. In line with ideas of rational strategic management, our working hypothesis states that regions with a dedicated strategy should display better performance. However, our findings suggest that having a dedicated ICT strategy has not had a clear effect on performance in terms of Internet and broadband access, while allocating dedicated ERDF and other expenditure to Internet infrastructure has had a positive effect. At first sight, this questions the effectiveness of rational strategic management. Yet, more research is needed to assess the quality of ICT strategies and their fit with broader innovation agendas. It is indeed the degree of embeddedness of ICT in the regional innovation ecosystem that is likely to condition the effect of strategies on performance. To this end, our mapping indicates interesting case studies, and we suggest additional factors to be taken into account in future analyses. New insights into strategy design and performance will also be important to inform the implementation of the new generation of innovation strategies for smart specialization. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 124 KW - policy design KW - smart specialization KW - innovation strategies KW - priority setting KW - Information and communication technologies (ICT) Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431608 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 124 SP - 320 EP - 333 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Acevedo, Walter A1 - Reich, Sebastian A1 - Cubasch, Ulrich T1 - Towards the assimilation of tree-ring-width records using ensemble Kalman filtering techniques T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper investigates the applicability of the Vaganov–Shashkin–Lite (VSL) forward model for tree-ring-width chronologies as observation operator within a proxy data assimilation (DA) setting. Based on the principle of limiting factors, VSL combines temperature and moisture time series in a nonlinear fashion to obtain simulated TRW chronologies. When used as observation operator, this modelling approach implies three compounding, challenging features: (1) time averaging, (2) “switching recording” of 2 variables and (3) bounded response windows leading to “thresholded response”. We generate pseudo-TRW observations from a chaotic 2-scale dynamical system, used as a cartoon of the atmosphere-land system, and attempt to assimilate them via ensemble Kalman filtering techniques. Results within our simplified setting reveal that VSL’s nonlinearities may lead to considerable loss of assimilation skill, as compared to the utilization of a time-averaged (TA) linear observation operator. In order to understand this undesired effect, we embed VSL’s formulation into the framework of fuzzy logic (FL) theory, which thereby exposes multiple representations of the principle of limiting factors. DA experiments employing three alternative growth rate functions disclose a strong link between the lack of smoothness of the growth rate function and the loss of optimality in the estimate of the TA state. Accordingly, VSL’s performance as observation operator can be enhanced by resorting to smoother FL representations of the principle of limiting factors. This finding fosters new interpretations of tree-ring-growth limitation processes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 892 KW - proxy forward modeling KW - data assimilation KW - fuzzy logic KW - ensemble Kalman filter KW - paleoclimate reconstruction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436363 SN - 1866-8372 VL - 46 IS - 892 SP - 1909 EP - 1920 ER -