TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parshina, Olga
A1  - Laurinavichyute, Anna
A1  - Sekerina, Irina A.
T1  - Eye-movement benchmarks in heritage language reading
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - This eye-tracking study establishes basic benchmarks of eye movements during reading in heritage language (HL) by Russian-speaking adults and adolescents of high (n = 21) and low proficiency (n = 27). Heritage speakers (HSs) read sentences in Cyrillic, and their eye movements were compared to those of Russian monolingual skilled adult readers, 8-year-old children and L2 learners. Reading patterns of HSs revealed longer mean fixation durations, lower skipping probabilities, and higher regressive saccade rates than in monolingual adults. High-proficient HSs were more similar to monolingual children, while low-proficient HSs performed on par with L2 learners. Low-proficient HSs differed from high-proficient HSs in exhibiting lower skipping probabilities, higher fixation counts, and larger frequency effects. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the weaker links account of bilingual language processing as well as the divergent attainment theory of HL.
KW  - bilingualism
KW  - heritage language
KW  - reading
KW  - eye movements
KW  - Russian
KW  - children
KW  - L2 learners
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672892000019X
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 69
EP  - 82
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cunnings, Ian
A1  - Patterson, Clare
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - Structural constraints on pronoun binding and coreference: evidence from eye movements during reading
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - A number of recent studies have investigated how syntactic and non-syntactic constraints combine to cue memory retrieval during anaphora resolution. In this paper we investigate how syntactic constraints and gender congruence interact to guide memory retrieval during the resolution of subject pronouns. Subject pronouns are always technically ambiguous, and the application of syntactic constraints on their interpretation depends on properties of the antecedent that is to be retrieved. While pronouns can freely corefer with non-quantified referential antecedents, linking a pronoun to a quantified antecedent is only possible in certain syntactic configurations via variable binding. We report the results from a judgment task and three online reading comprehension experiments investigating pronoun resolution with quantified and non-quantified antecedents. Results from both the judgment task and participants' eye movements during reading indicate that comprehenders freely allow pronouns to corefer with non-quantified antecedents, but that retrieval of quantified antecedents is restricted to specific syntactic environments. We interpret our findings as indicating that syntactic constraints constitute highly weighted cues to memory retrieval during anaphora resolution.
KW  - pronoun resolution
KW  - memory retrieval
KW  - quantification
KW  - eye movements
KW  - reading
KW  - English
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00840
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -