TY - GEN A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Nebe, Stephan A1 - Sommer, Christian A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Friedel, Eva A1 - Veer, Ilya M. A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Ripke, Stephan A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers BT - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 841 KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer KW - amygdala KW - alcohol KW - polygenic risk KW - high risk drinkers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473280 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 841 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fritz, Thomas T1 - Emotion investigated with music of variable valence : neurophysiology and cultural influence T1 - Emotion untersucht mit Musik variabler Valenz : Neurophysiologie und kultureller Einfluss N2 - Music is a powerful and reliable means to stimulate the percept of both intense pleasantness and unpleasantness in the perceiver. However, everyone’s social experiences with music suggest that the same music piece may elicit a very different valence percept in different individuals. A comparison of music from different historical periods suggests that enculturation modulates the valence percept of intervals and harmonies, and thus possibly also of relatively basic feature extraction processes. Strikingly, it is still largely unknown how much the valence percept is dependent on physical properties of the stimulus and thus mediated by a universal perceptual mechanism, and how much it is dependent on cultural imprinting. The current thesis investigates the neurophysiology of the valence percept, and the modulating influence of culture on several distinguishable sub-processes of music processing, so-called functional modules of music processing, engaged in the mediation of the valence percept. N2 - Musik eignet sich besonders gut, um sowohl intensive Angenehmheit/Lust und Unangenehmheit/Unlust (siehe auch Wundt, 1896), so genannte Valenzperzepte, im Zuhörer hervorzurufen. Jedoch kann derselbe musikalische Stimulus sehr unterschiedliche Valenzperzepte in verschiedenen Zuhörern hervorrufen, was nahe legt, dass das durch Musik vermittelte Valenzperzept zumindest teilweise durch kulturelle Prägung moduliert wird. Ein Vergleich von Musik verschiedener historischer Perioden legt ebenfalls nahe, dass kulturelle Prägung das Valenzperzept des Hörers bei der Wahrnehmung von Intervallen und Harmonien moduliert. Wichtigerweise ist es nach wie vor weitgehend unbekannt, inwiefern das Valenzperzept von physikalischen Eigenschaften des Stimulus (z.B. Rauhigkeit) abhängt - und daher auf einem universellen perzeptiven Mechanismus basiert - oder wie sehr es abhängt von kultureller Prägung. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Neurophysiologie des Valenzperzepts, sowie den modulierenden Einfluss von Kultur auf mehrere funktionelle Module der Musikwahrnehmung (voneinander unterscheidbare Subprozesse der Musikwahrnehmung), die bei der Entstehung des Valenzperzepts beteiligt sind. KW - Amygdala KW - Emotion KW - Konsonanz KW - Dissonanz KW - Basisemotion KW - emotional expression KW - amygdala KW - consonance KW - basic emotion KW - dissonance Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29114 ER -