TY - JOUR A1 - Shoaee, Safa A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - The Role of Mobility on Charge Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer-Based Solar Cells JF - dvanced energy materials N2 - Organic semiconductors are of great interest for a broad range of optoelectronic applications due to their solution processability, chemical tunability, highly scalable fabrication, and mechanical flexibility. In contrast to traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors are intrinsically disordered systems and therefore exhibit much lower charge carrier mobilities-the Achilles heel of organic photovoltaic cells. In this progress review, the authors discuss recent important developments on the impact of charge carrier mobility on the charge transfer state dissociation, and the interplay of free charge extraction and recombination. By comparing the mobilities on different timescales obtained by different techniques, the authors highlight the dispersive nature of these materials and how this reflects on the key processes defining the efficiency of organic photovoltaics. KW - charge generation KW - charge recombination KW - extraction KW - mobility KW - organic solar cells KW - polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703355 SN - 1614-6832 SN - 1614-6840 VL - 8 IS - 28 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Verhoeven, Elisabeth A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert T1 - Discontinuous noun phrases in Yucatec Maya JF - Journal of linguistics : JL / publ. for the Linguistics Association of Great Britain N2 - Languages differ in whether or not they allow discontinuous noun phrases. If they do, they further vary in the ways the nominal projections interact with the available syntactic operations. Yucatec Maya has two left-peripheral configurations that differ syntactically: a preverbal position for foci or wh-elements that is filled in by movement, and the possibility to adjoin topics at the highest clausal layer. These two structural options are reflected in different ways of the formation of discontinuous patterns. Subextraction from nominal projections to the focus position yielding discontinuous NPs is possible, but subject to several restrictions. It observes conditions on extraction domains, and does not apply to the left branch of nominal structures. The topic position also appears to license discontinuity, typically involving a non-referential nominal expression as the topic and quantifiers/adjectives that form an elliptical nominal projection within the clause proper. Such constructions can involve several morphological and syntactic mismatches between their parts that are excluded for continuous noun phrases, and they are not sensitive to syntactic island restrictions. Thus, in a strict sense, discontinuities involving the topic position are only apparent, because the construction involves two independent nominal projections that are semantically linked. KW - discontinuous noun phrases KW - focus movement KW - left dislocation KW - possessor KW - extraction KW - split topicalization Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226720000419 SN - 0022-2267 SN - 1469-7742 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 609 EP - 648 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel A1 - Huschek, Gerd A1 - Bönick, Josephine A1 - Homann, Thomas A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal T1 - A New Approach of Extraction of α-Amylase/trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Based on Optimization Using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken Designs JF - molecules N2 - Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in the world and unfortunately causes allergic reactions which have important health effects. The α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified as potentially allergen components of wheat. Due to a lack of data on optimization of ATI extraction, a new wheat ATIs extraction approach combining solvent extraction and selective precipitation is proposed in this work. Two types of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Julius and Ponticus were used and parameters such as solvent type, extraction time, temperature, stirring speed, salt type, salt concentration, buffer pH and centrifugation speed were analyzed using the Plackett-Burman design. Salt concentration, extraction time and pH appeared to have significant effects on the recovery of ATIs (p < 0.01). In both wheat cultivars, Julius and Ponticus, ammonium sulfate substantially reduced protein concentration and inhibition of amylase activity (IAA) compared to sodium chloride. The optimal conditions with desirability levels of 0.94 and 0.91 according to the Doehlert design were: salt concentrations of 1.67 and 1.22 M, extraction times of 53 and 118 min, and pHs of 7.1 and 7.9 for Julius and Ponticus, respectively. The corresponding responses were: protein concentrations of 0.31 and 0.35 mg and IAAs of 91.6 and 83.3%. Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the extracted ATIs masses were between 10 and 20 kDa. Based on the initial LC-MS/MS analysis, up to 10 individual ATIs were identified in the extracted proteins under the optimal conditions. The positive implication of the present study lies in the quick assessment of their content in different varieties especially while considering their allergenic potential. KW - wheat KW - α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors KW - extraction KW - Plackett–Burman design KW - Doehlert design KW - SDS-PAGE KW - MALDI-TOF/MS KW - LC-MS/MS Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193589 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 24 IS - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -