TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Mandy A1 - Hanschen, Franziska S. A1 - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Gräfe, Jan A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Neugart, Susanne T1 - Effects of Developmental Stages and Reduced UVB and Low UV Conditions on Plant Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp chinensis) JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society N2 - Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is rich in secondary metabolites and contains numerous antioxidants, including flavonoids; hydroxycinnamic acids; carotenoids; chlorophylls; and glucosinolates, which can be hydrolyzed to epithionitriles, nitriles, or isothiocyanates. Here, we investigate the effect of reduced exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) and UV (UVA and UVB) light at four different developmental stages of pak choi. We found that both the plant morphology and secondary metabolite profiles were affected by reduced exposure to UVB and UV, depending on the plant’s developmental stage. In detail, mature 15- and 30-leaf plants had higher concentrations of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, whereas sprouts contained high concentrations of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Dry weights and leaf areas increased as a result of reduced UVB and low UV. For the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in 30-leaf plants, less complex compounds were favored, for example, sinapic acid acylated kaempferol triglycoside instead of the corresponding tetraglycoside. Moreover, also in 30-leaf plants, zeaxanthin, a carotenoid linked to protection during photosynthesis, was increased under low UV conditions. Interestingly, most glucosinolates were not affected by reduced UVB and low UV conditions. However, this study underlines the importance of 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl glucosinolate in response to UVA and UVB exposure. Further, reduced UVB and low UV conditions resulted in higher concentrations of glucosinolate-derived nitriles. In conclusion, exposure to low doses of UVB and UV from the early to late developmental stages did not result in overall lower concentrations of plant secondary metabolites. KW - flavonoids KW - hydroxycinnamic acids KW - carotenoids KW - glucosinolates KW - nitriles KW - UVB reduction Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03996 SN - 0021-8561 SN - 1520-5118 VL - 66 IS - 7 SP - 1678 EP - 1692 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie A1 - Frede, Katja A1 - Jander, Elisabeth A1 - Homann, Thomas A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Baldermann, Susanne T1 - Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold). KW - metabolite profiling KW - LC/MS KW - pak choi KW - carotenoids KW - phenolic compounds KW - glucosinolates Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00305 SN - 1664-462X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -