TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tekken, Vera
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen
T1  - Climate-Driven or Human-Induced indicating severe water scarcity in the Moulouya River Basin (Morocco)
JF  - Water
N2  - Many agriculture-based economies are increasingly under stress from climate change and socio-economic pressures. The excessive exploitation of natural resources still represents the standard procedure to achieve socio-economic development. In the area of the Moulouya river basin, Morocco, natural water availability represents a key resource for all economic activities. Agriculture represents the most important sector, and frequently occurring water deficits are aggravated by climate change. On the basis of historical trends taken from CRU TS 2.1, this paper analyses the impact of climate change on the per capita water availability under inclusion of population trends. The Climatic Water Balance (CWB) shows a significant decrease for the winter period, causing adverse effects for the main agricultural season. Further, moisture losses due to increasing evapotranspiration rates indicate problems for the annual water budget and groundwater recharge. The per capita blue water availability falls below a minimum threshold of 500 m(3) per year, denoting a high regional vulnerability to increasing water scarcity assuming a no-response scenario. Regional development focusing on the water-intense sectors of agriculture and tourism appears to be at risk. Institutional capacities and policies need to address the problem, and the prompt implementation of innovative water production and efficiency measures is recommended.
KW  - North Africa
KW  - Moulouya river basin
KW  - climate change
KW  - population growth
KW  - regional development
KW  - water availability
KW  - water management
KW  - water scarcity
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w4040959
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 959
EP  - 982
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Cuttitta, Paolo
T1  - Africa ad portas? : Italiens Migrationspolitik
T1  - Africa ad portas? : Italy's migration policy
N2  - Through police co-operation, re-admission agreements, and setting up of detention camps, Italy’s immigration policy tries to delocalise border controls between Europe and North Africa. Italian immigration quotas and development aid should induce countries of origin and transit of migrants to tighten their border controls and cooperate with Italy. Development aid is used by the EU in order to exert pressure on other countries, whereas Libya for instance uses transiting refugees as a diplomatic weapon. On the other hand, relations between Italy and North African countries do not focus on human rights violations taking place in some of these countries.
KW  - Italien
KW  - Europäische Union
KW  - Migrationspolitik
KW  - Nordafrika
KW  - Italy
KW  - European Union
KW  - migration policy
KW  - North Africa
Y1  - 2004
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47472
ER  -