TY - JOUR A1 - Zare-Hamedani, Naghme T1 - Gerichtsvollzieher im "Dritten Reich" JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigle, Jeremias T1 - Die Organisation des Gerichtsvolzieherwesen 1945-1949 JF - Schwert der Justiz : das Gerichtsvollzieherwesen in Deutschland von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95410-242-6 SP - 101 EP - 127 PB - be.bra wissenschafts Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stöver, Bernd T1 - Why no global peace order in 1945? BT - On the Failure of a World Security System after World War II JF - Historisches Jahrbuch Y1 - 2019 SN - 0018-2621 VL - 139 SP - 131 EP - 162 PB - Herder CY - Freiburg Breisgau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Rebuilding an Austrian Army BT - The Bundesheer’s Founding Generation and the Wehrmacht Past, 1955–1970 JF - War in History N2 - After the Second World War, a new Austrian Army (the Bundesheer) was formed to guarantee the country’s armed neutrality. But the period between 1938 and 1945 remained a point of contention. While some Austrian officers had been sidelined, the majority had served in the Wehrmacht and thus shared experiences and soldierly values. As Cold War realities necessitated a professional experienced army, a group around Erwin Fussenegger (1908–1986) dominated the new Bundesheer and contemplations about reforming the military culture and value system were postponed; while at the same time, the Bundesheer managed to prevent becoming a mere continuation of the Wehrmacht. KW - Austria KW - Wehrmacht KW - Second World War KW - Cold War KW - military culture KW - Bundesheer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682057 SN - 0968-3445 SN - 1477-0385 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 105 EP - 123 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Stuck in the past? BT - British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946-1983 JF - War & Society N2 - After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones. KW - Spain KW - Franco KW - military effectiveness KW - military culture KW - organisational change Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1524347 SN - 0729-2473 SN - 2042-4345 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - A predisposition to brutality? BT - german practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 and their JF - Small wars and insurgencies N2 - The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-a-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war. KW - Francs-tireurs KW - levee en masse KW - myth of Franktireurkrieg KW - Franco-Prussian War KW - Geneva convention of 1864 KW - Landwehr KW - siege of Paris 1870 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551 SN - 0959-2318 SN - 1743-9558 VL - 30 IS - 4-5 SP - 968 EP - 993 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Forging an Italian hero? BT - The late commemoration of Amedeo Guillet (1909-2010) JF - European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire N2 - Over the last two decades, Amedeo Guillet (1909–2010) has been turned into a public and military hero. His exploits as a guerrilla leader in Italian East Africa in 1941 have been exaggerated to forge a narrative of an honourable resistance against overwhelming odds. Thereby, Guillet has been showcased as a romanticized colonial explorer who was an apolitical and timeless Italian officer. He has been compared to Lawrence of Arabia in order to raise his international visibility, while his genuine Italian brand is perpetuated domestically. By elevating him to an official role model, the Italian Army has gained a focal point for military heroism that was also acceptable in the public memory as the embodiment of a ‘glorious’ defeat narrative. KW - Italy KW - Second World War KW - Amedeo Guillet KW - colonialism KW - Italian East Africa KW - collective memory Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2018.1492520 SN - 1350-7486 SN - 1469-8293 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 369 EP - 385 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoeps, Julius H. T1 - Zwischen Kollaboration, Verrat und Handlungszwängen: ein beklemmendes Kapitel europäisch-jüdischer Beziehungsgeschichte in der Zeit der Nazi-Herrschaft JF - Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte N2 - A particularly dark chapter in the history of European-Jewish relations during the "Third Reich" involves the cooperation of individual Jewish Community leaders and functionaries with Nazi authorities, in particular the cooperation between a few single Jewish Community leaders and the Gestapo. This "cooperation" was partially born of the overall coercion, but in some cases was also marked by denunciation and betrayal. In order to avoid being deported themselves and to save their own skins, there were isolated cases of Jewish men and women who agreed to track down other Jews and hand them over to the authorities, knowing full well what they were doing. T2 - Between Collaboration, Betrayal and Action Constraints: an oppressive Chapter of European-Jewish Relationship History during the Period of Nazi Rule Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15700739-07104004 SN - 0044-3441 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Klaus-Peter T1 - Blaustift, Schere, Klebepinsel BT - die Abschriftenkonvolute im Theodor-Fontane-Archiv historisch-kritisch betrachtet Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-8260-6097-7 SP - 91 EP - 123 PB - Königshausen & Neumann CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marszałek, Magdalena T1 - Transculturality and Its Discontents: Some Notes on Polish Literature “without a Fixed Abode” with a Focus on Jewish-Polish Literature between the Two World Wars JF - Slavia Iaponica N2 - Der Artikel fragt nach einem möglichen Geltungsbereich heutiger Konzeptualisierungen der literarischen Transkulturalität für die polnische(n) Literatur(en). Der Hintergrund der Überlegungen ist die ‚monokulturelle‘ Kondition der polnischen Gesellschaft nach den Katastrophen des 20. Jahrhunderts, die u.a. in den literarischen Rückgriffen auf die vergangene kulturelle Pluralität in den letzten drei Dekaden kritisch reflektiert wurde, heute aber wieder – in der populistisch-nationalistischen Politik – affirmiert wird. Dabei ermöglicht eine historische Perspektive auf die kulturellen Verflechtungen des literarischen Schreibens in der polnischen Sprache einen Einblick in die historisch heterogenen Formen literarischer Transkulturalität, die von den jeweiligen politischen und sozialen Kontexten abhängen. Eine umfassende Behandlung des Schreibens in der polnischen Sprache unter Bedingungen des Sprachwechsels bzw. der Mehrsprachigkeit seit der frühen Neuzeit bis zum 20. Jh. bleibt ein Desiderat. Den Höhepunkt einer auf diese Art gedachten Literaturgeschichte bildet – so die These des Artikels – die spezifische Ausprägung der polnisch-jüdischen Literatur in der Zwischenkriegszeit, in welcher Konzepte einer hybriden Doppelzugehörigkeit in linguistischen und topographischen Chiasmen dramatisch auf die Spitze getrieben werden und somit die ungelösten Probleme der Zeit spiegeln. Y1 - 2019 SN - ISSN 0913-0586 VL - 2019 IS - 22 SP - 31 EP - 44 CY - Tokio ER -