TY  - THES
A1  - AbuJarour, Safa'a
T1  - Digital inclusion
T1  - Die Rolle der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie bei der Linderung sozialer Störungen
BT  - the role of information and communication technology in alleviating social disruptions
N2  - In this thesis, we tackle two social disruptions: recent refugee waves in Germany and the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a key means of alleviating these disruptions and promoting social inclusion. As social disruptions typically lead to frustration and fragmentation, it is essential to ensure the social inclusion of individuals and societies during such times.
In the context of the social inclusion of refugees, we focus on the Syrian refugees who arrived in Germany as of 2015, as they form a large and coherent refugee community. In particular, we address the role of ICTs in refugees’ social inclusion and investigate how different ICTs (especially smartphones and social networks) can foster refugees’ integration and social inclusion. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we focus on the widespread unconventional working model of work from home (WFH). Our research here centers on the main constructs of WFH and the key differences in WFH experiences based on personal characteristics such as gender and parental status.
We reveal novel insights through four well-established research methods: literature review, mixed methods, qualitative method, and quantitative method. The results of our research have been published in the form of eight articles in major information systems venues and journals. Key results from the refugee research stream include the following: Smartphones represent a central component of refugee ICT use; refugees view ICT as a source of information and power; the social connectedness of refugees is strongly correlated with their Internet use; refugees are not relying solely on traditional methods to learn the German language or pursue further education; the ability to use smartphones anytime and anywhere gives refugees an empowering feeling of global connectedness; and ICTs empower refugees on three levels (community participation, sense of control, and self-efficacy).
Key insights from the COVID-19 WFH stream include: Gender and the presence of children under the age of 18 affect workers’ control over their time, technology usefulness, and WFH conflicts, while not affecting their WFH attitudes; and both personal and technology-related factors affect an individual’s attitude toward WFH and their productivity. Further insights are being gathered at the time of submitting this thesis.
This thesis contributes to the discussion within the information systems community regarding how to use different ICT solutions to promote the social inclusion of refugees in their new communities and foster an inclusive society. It also adds to the growing body of research on COVID-19, in particular on the sudden workplace transformation to WFH. The insights gathered in this thesis reveal theoretical implications and future opportunities for research in the field of information systems, practical implications for relevant stakeholders, and social implications related to the refugee crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic that must be addressed.
N2  - Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit zwei gesellschaftlichen Verwerfungen: den Flüchtlingswellen in Deutschland und der COVID-19-Pandemie. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf den Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) als eines der wichtigsten Mittel, um diese Verwerfungen zu mildern/abzufangen und soziale Eingliederung zu fördern. Soziale Verwerfungen führen in der Regel unter anderem zu Frustration und Fragmentierung. Daher ist es essenziell, die soziale Beteiligung von Einzelpersonen und Gesellschaften in solchen Phasen sicherzustellen.
Im Kontext der Flüchtlingswellen konzentrieren wir uns auf die Gruppe der syrischen Geflüchteten, die ab 2015 in Deutschland angekommen sind, weil sie eine große kohärente Flüchtlingsgemeinschaft bilden. Insbesondere befassen wir uns mit der Rolle der IKT bei der sozialen Eingliederung von Geflüchteten in die Gesellschaft und der Frage, wie verschiedene IKT-Dienste (insbesondere Smartphones und soziale Netzwerke) eine bessere Integration und soziale Eingliederung von Geflüchteten fördern können. Im Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Pandemie konzentrieren wir uns auf das weit verbreitete unkonventionelle Arbeitsmodell „Work from Home“ (WFH). Unsere Forschung in diesem Zusammenhang fokussiert sich auf die Hauptkomponenten der Arbeit von zuhause und die Hauptunterschiede bei WFHErfahrungen, die auf persönlichen Merkmalen, z.B. Geschlecht und Familiensituation, beruhen.
Wir konnten neue Erkenntnisse gewinnen, die sich auf folgenden vier etablierten Forschungsmethoden stützen: Literaturrecherche, Mixed-Methoden, qualitative Methoden und quantitative Methoden. Die Ergebnisse unserer Forschung wurden in acht Forschungsartikeln innerhalb von relevanten Tagungen und Fachzeitschriften für Informationssysteme veröffentlicht. Zu den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen der Forschung zur Rolle der IKTs bei der Integration Geflüchteter gehören: Smartphones sind ein zentrales Element der IKT-Nutzung von Geflüchteten. Sie betrachten IKT als Informations- und Machtquelle. Die soziale Verbundenheit von Geflüchteten hängt stark mit ihrer Internetnutzung zusammen. Sie verlassen sich nicht nur auf traditionelle Methoden, um die deutsche Sprache zu lernen und sich weiterzubilden. Die Möglichkeit, das Smartphone jederzeit und überall zu nutzen, gibt Geflüchteten ein Gefühl der globalen Vernetzung und IKT tragen dazu bei, Geflüchtete in folgenden drei Punkten zu stärken: Beteiligung an der Gemeinschaft, Gefühl der Kontrolle und Selbstwirksamkeit.
Zu den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen aus dem COVID-19-WFM-Stream gehören: Das Geschlecht und die Anwesenheit von Kindern unter 18 Jahren beeinflussen die Kontrolle der Arbeitnehmer über ihre Zeit, den technologischen Nutzen und den WFH-Konflikt, ohne jedoch ihre Einstellung zu WFH zu beeinträchtigen. Sowohl persönliche als auch technologische Faktoren beeinflussen die Einstellung eines Einzelnen zur Arbeit von zuhause und seine Produktivität. Zum Zeitpunkt der Einreichung dieser Dissertation werden in fortlaufenden Forschungsprojekte weitere Erkenntnisse zu diesem Themenbereich gesammelt.
Diese Dissertation trägt einerseits zur Diskussion innerhalb der Gesellschaft für Informationssysteme bei, indem sie aufzeigt wie verschiedene IKT-Lösungen eingesetzt werden können, um die soziale Eingliederung von Geflüchteten in ihren neuen Gemeinschaften zu fördern und so zu einer integrativen Gesellschaft beizutragen. Andererseits steuert die Dissertation neues Wissen zu der Forschung über COVID-19 bei, insbesondere zur Umstellung des Arbeitsumfelds im Kontext von Heimarbeit (WFH). Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gesammelten Erkenntnisse tragen maßgeblich dazu bei, theoretische Implikationen und zukünftige Forschungsmöglichkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Informationssysteme aufzudecken. Ferner werden praktische Implikationen für relevante Stakeholder und soziale Auswirkungen im Zusammenhang mit der Flüchtlingskrise und der COVID-19-Pandemie adressiert, die in Zukunft entscheidend und wichtig sein werden.
KW  - Digital Inclusion
KW  - Social Inclusion
KW  - Refugees
KW  - Work From Home
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Digitale Inklusion
KW  - Soziale Inklusion
KW  - Arbeit von zu Hause
KW  - Flüchtlinge
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510535
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1  - Liese, Andrea
T1  - Expert authority and support for COVID-19 measures in Germany and the UK
BT  - a survey experiment
JF  - West European politics
N2  - During COVID-19, various public institutions tried to shape citizens’ behaviour to slow the spread of the pandemic. How did their authority affect citizens’ support of public measures taken to combat the spread of COVID-19? The article makes two contributions. First, it presents a novel conceptualisation of authority as a source heuristic. Second, it analyses the authority of four types of public institutions (health ministries, universities, public health agencies, the WHO) in two countries (Germany and the UK), drawing on novel data from a survey experiment conducted in May 2020. On average, institutional endorsements seem to have mattered little. However, there is an observable polarisation effect where citizens who ascribe much expertise to public institutions support COVID-19 measures more than the control group. Furthermore, those who ascribe little expertise support them less than the control group. Finally, neither perception of biases nor exposure to institutions in public debates seems consistently to affect their authority.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - expertise
KW  - authority
KW  - survey experiment
KW  - institutions
KW  - crises
KW  - governance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1873630
SN  - 0140-2382
SN  - 1743-9655
SP  - 1258
EP  - 1282
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steppert, Claus
A1  - Steppert, Isabel
A1  - Sterlacci, William
A1  - Bollinger, Thomas
T1  - Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by multicapillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-IMS) of breath
BT  - a proof of concept study
JF  - Journal of breath research : volatiles for medical diagnosis ; official journal of the International Association for Breath Research (IABR) and the International Society for Breath Odor Research (ISBOR)
N2  - There is an urgent need for screening of patients with a communicable viral disease to cut infection chains. Recently, we demonstrated that ion mobility spectrometry coupled with a multicapillary column (MCC-IMS) is able to identify influenza-A infections in patients' breath. With a decreasing influenza epidemic and upcoming SARS-CoV-2 infections we proceeded further and analyzed patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, the nasal breath of 75 patients (34 male, 41 female, aged 64.4 +/- 15.4 years) was investigated by MCC-IMS for viral infections. Fourteen were positively diagnosed with influenza-A infection and sixteen with SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. In one patient RT-PCR was highly suspicious of SARS-CoV-2 but initially inconclusive. The remaining 44 patients served as controls. Breath fingerprints for specific infections were assessed by a combination of cluster analysis and multivariate statistics. There were no significant differences in gender or age according to the groups. In the cross validation of the discriminant analysis 72 of the 74 clearly defined patients could be correctly classified to the respective group. Even the inconclusive patient could be mapped to the SARS-CoV-2 group by applying the discrimination functions. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection and influenza-A infection can be detected with the help of MCC-IMS in breath in this pilot study. As this method provides a fast non-invasive diagnosis it should be further developed in a larger cohort for screening of communicable viral diseases. A validation study is ongoing during the second wave of COVID-19. 

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT04282135 Registered 20 February 2020-Retrospectively registered,
KW  - breath analysis
KW  - ion mobility spectrometry
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - influenza-A
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/abe5ca
SN  - 1752-7163
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hecke, Steven van
A1  - Fuhr, Harald
A1  - Wolfs, Wouter
T1  - The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic
BT  - the member states at a crossroads
JF  - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2  - Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management. <br /> Points for practitioners <br /> As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints.
KW  - autonomy
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis management
KW  - European Union
KW  - International
KW  - Monetary Fund
KW  - international organizations
KW  - multilateralism
KW  - World Bank
KW  - World Health Organization
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320984516
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
SP  - 672
EP  - 690
PB  - Sage
CY  - Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
ED  - Reis, Arsénio
ED  - Barroso, João
ED  - Lopes, J. Bernardino
ED  - Mikropoulos, Tassos
ED  - Fan, Chih-Wen
T1  - Yes, we can (?)
BT  - a critical review of the COVID-19 semester
T2  - Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings
N2  - The COVID-19 crisis has caused an extreme situation for higher education institutions around the world, where exclusively virtual teaching and learning has become obligatory rather than an additional supporting feature. This has created opportunities to explore the potential and limitations of virtual learning formats. This paper presents four theses on virtual classroom teaching and learning that are discussed critically. We use existing theoretical insights extended by empirical evidence from a survey of more than 850 students on acceptance, expectations, and attitudes regarding the positive and negative aspects of virtual teaching. The survey responses were gathered from students at different universities during the first completely digital semester (Spring-Summer 2020) in Germany. We discuss similarities and differences between the subjects being studied and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teaching and learning. Against the background of existing theory and the gathered data, we emphasize the importance of social interaction, the combination of different learning formats, and thus context-sensitive hybrid learning as the learning form of the future.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - higher education
KW  - virtual learning
KW  - digital learning
KW  - subject differences
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-73987-4
SN  - 978-3-030-73988-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73988-1_17
SP  - 225
EP  - 235
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Sequential data assimilation of the stochastic SEIR epidemic model for regional COVID-19 dynamics
JF  - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology
N2  - Newly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.
KW  - Stochastic epidemic model
KW  - Sequential data assimilation
KW  - Ensemble Kalman
KW  - filter
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-020-00834-8
SN  - 0092-8240
SN  - 1522-9602
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Students’ Acceptance of Technology-Mediated Teaching – How It Was Influenced During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020: A Study From Germany
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring–summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students’ acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study’s results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 141 
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - digital learning
KW  - discipline differences
KW  - e-learning
KW  - TAM
KW  - technology acceptance
KW  - technology-mediated teaching
KW  - university teaching
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-521615
SN  - 1867-5808
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Students’ acceptance of technology-mediated teaching – How it was influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
BT  - A study from Germany
JF  - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring–summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students’ acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study’s results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - digital learning
KW  - discipline differences
KW  - e-learning
KW  - TAM
KW  - technology acceptance
KW  - technology-mediated teaching
KW  - university teaching
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636086
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
A1  - Dumas, Benoît Paul
A1  - Heine, Moreen
T1  - Daten als Grundlage für wissenschaftliche Politikberatung
N2  - Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass Daten in der Krise eine herausragende Bedeutung für die wissenschaftliche Politikberatung, administrative Entscheidungsvorbereitung und politische Entscheidungsfindung haben. In der Krise gab es jedoch gravierende  Kommunikationsprobleme und Unsicherheiten in der wechselseitigen Erwartungshaltung von wissenschaftlichen Datengebern und politisch-administrativen Datennutzern. Die Wissensakkumulation und Entscheidungsabwägung wurde außerdem durch eine unsichere und volatile Datenlage zum Pandemiegeschehen, verbunden mit einer dynamischen Lageentwicklung, erschwert. Nach wie vor sind das Bewusstsein und wechselseitige Verständnis für die spezifischen Rollenprofile der am wissenschaftlichen Politikberatungsprozess beteiligten Akteure sowie insbesondere deren Abgrenzung als unzureichend einzuschätzen. 
Die Studie hat darüber hinaus vielfältige Defizite hinsichtlich der Verfügbarkeit, Qualität, Zugänglichkeit, Teilbarkeit und Nutzbarkeit von Daten identifiziert, die Datenproduzenten und -verwender vor erhebliche Herausforderungen stellen und einen umfangreichen Reformbedarf aufzeigen, da zum einen wichtige Datenbestände für eine krisenbezogene Politikberatung fehlen. Zum anderen sind die Tiefenschärfe und Differenziertheit des verfügbaren Datenbestandes teilweise unzureichend. Dies gilt z.B. für sozialstrukturelle Daten zur Schwere der Pandemiebetroffenheit verschiedener Gruppen oder für kleinräumige Daten über Belastungs- und Kapazitätsparameter, etwa zur Personalabdeckung auf Intensivstationen, in Gesundheitsämtern und Pflegeeinrichtungen. Datendefizite sind ferner im Hinblick auf eine ganzheitliche Pandemiebeurteilung festzustellen, zum Beispiel bezüglich der Gesundheitseffekte im weiteren Sinne, die aufgrund der ergriffenen Maßnahmen entstanden sind (Verschiebung oder Wegfall von Operationen, Behandlungen und Prävention, aber auch häusliche Gewalt und psychische Belastungen). Mangels systematischer Begleitstudien und evaluativer Untersuchungen, u.a. auch zu lokalen Pilotprojekten und Experimenten, bestehen außerdem Datendefizite im Hinblick auf die Wirkungen von Eindämmungsmaßnahmen oder deren Aufhebung auf der gebietskörperschaftlichen Ebene. 
Insgesamt belegt die Studie, dass es zur Optimierung der datenbasierten Politikberatung und politischen Entscheidungsfindung in und außerhalb von Krisen nicht nur darum gehen kann, ein „Mehr“ an Daten zu produzieren sowie deren Qualität, Verknüpfung und Teilung zu verbessern. Vielmehr müssen auch die Anreizstrukturen und Interessenlagen in Politik, Verwaltung und Wissenschaft sowie die Kompetenzen, Handlungsorientierungen und kognitiv-kulturellen Prägungen der verschiedenen Akteure in den Blick genommen werden. Es müssten also Anreize gesetzt und Strukturen geschaffen werden, um das Interesse, den Willen und das Können (will and skill) zur Datennutzung auf Seiten politisch-administrativer Entscheider und zur Dateneinspeisung auf Seiten von Wissenschaftlern zu stärken. Neben adressatengerechter Informationsaufbereitung geht es dabei auch um die Gestaltung eines normativen und institutionellen Rahmens, innerhalb dessen die Nutzung von Daten für Entscheidungen effektiver, qualifizierter, aber auch transparenter, nachvollziehbarer und damit demokratisch legitimer erfolgen kann. 
Vor dem Hintergrund dieser empirischen Befunde werden acht Cluster von Optimierungsmaßnahmen vorgeschlagen:
(1) Etablierung von Datenstrecken und Datenteams, 
(2) Schaffung regionaler Datenkompetenzzentren, 
(3) Stärkung von Data Literacy und Beschleunigung des Kulturwandels in der öffentlichen Verwaltung, 
(4) Datenstandardisierung, Interoperabilität und Registermodernisierung,
(5) Ausbau von Public Data Pools und Open Data Nutzung,
(6) Effektivere Verbindung von Datenschutz und Datennutzung, 
(7) Entwicklung eines hochfrequenten, repräsentativen Datensatzes,
(8) Förderung der europäischen Daten-Zusammenarbeit.
N2  - This study shows that data is of outstanding importance for scientific policy advice, administrative decision preparation and political decision-making in the crisis. During the crisis, however, there were serious communication problems and uncertainties in the mutual expectations of scientific data providers and political-administrative data users. Knowledge accumulation and decision-making were also hampered by uncertain and volatile data on the pandemic, combined with a dynamic development of the situation. Awareness and mutual understanding of the specific role profiles of the actors involved in the scientific policy advisory process, as well as their demarcation in particular, are still to be assessed as insufficient. 
The study has also identified a variety of deficits with regard to the availability, quality, accessibility, shareability and usability of data, which represent considerable challenges to data producers and users and reveal a need for extensive reform, since, on the one hand, important data sets for crisis-related policy advice are lacking. On the other hand, the depth of focus and differentiation of the available data stocks are partly insufficient. This applies, for example, to socio-structural data on the severity of the pandemic impact of different groups or to small-scale data on burden and capacity parameters, such as staffing levels in intensive care units, health offices and care facilities. There are also data deficits with regard to a holistic pandemic assessment, for example with regard to the health effects in a broader sense that have arisen as a result of the measures taken (postponement or discontinuation of operations, treatments and prevention, but also domestic violence and psychological stress). In the absence of systematic accompanying studies and evaluative research, there are also data deficits with regard to the effects of containment measures or their removal at the territorial level. 
Overall, the study shows that optimising data-based policy advice and political decision-making in times of crisis as well as between crises is not just a matter of producing "more" data and improving its quality, linkage and sharing. Rather, the incentive structures and interests in politics, administration and science as well as the competences, action orientations and cognitive-cultural imprints of the various actors must also be taken into account. Incentives must be set and structures have to be created in order to strengthen the interest, the will and the skill to use data. This does not only apply for political and administrative decision-makers, but also for academics who are needed to feed data into the system. In addition to preparing information in a way that is appropriate for the target group, this also involves designing a normative and institutional framework within which the use of data for decision-making can be more effective, more qualified, but also more transparent, more comprehensible and thus more democratically legitimate.
Against the background of these empirical findings, eight clusters of optimisation measures are proposed:
(1) Establishment of data routes and data teams, 
(2) Creation of regional data competence centres, 
(3) Strengthening data literacy and accelerating cultural transformation in public administration, 
(4) Data standardisation, interoperability and register modernisation,
(5) Expanding public data pools and open data use,
(6) Linking data protection and data use more effectively, 
(7) Development of a high-frequency, representative data set,
(8) Promoting European data cooperation.
KW  - Politikberatung
KW  - Daten
KW  - Wissenschaft
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Krise
KW  - Pandemie
KW  - Digitalisierung
KW  - policy advice
KW  - data
KW  - science
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis
KW  - pandemic
KW  - digitalization
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519683
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breier, Matthias
A1  - Kallmuenzer, Andreas
A1  - Clauss, Thomas
A1  - Gast, Johanna
A1  - Kraus, Sascha
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - The role of business model innovation in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis
JF  - International journal of hospitality management
N2  - The hospitality industry worldwide is among the hardest-hit industries from the COVID-19 lockdowns. Initial theoretical and practical observations in the hospitality industry indicate that business model innovation (BMI) might be a solution to recover from and successfully cope with the COVID-19 crisis. Interestingly, some firms in the hospitality industry already started to successfully adapt their business models. This study explores the why and how of these successful recovery attempts through BMI by conducting a multiple case study of six hospitality firms in Austria. We rely on interview data from managers together with one of their main stammgasts for each case, which we triangulate with secondary data for the analysis. Findings show that BMI is applied during and after the crisis to create new revenue streams and secure a higher level of liquidity, with an important role of stammgasts.
KW  - business model innovation
KW  - hospitality
KW  - tourism
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - crisis
KW  - stammgasts
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102723
SN  - 0278-4319
VL  - 92
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -