TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Kleunen, Mark
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Weber, Ewald
A1  - Kreft, Holger
A1  - Weigelt, Patrick
A1  - Kartesz, John
A1  - Nishino, Misako
A1  - Antonova, Liubov A.
A1  - Barcelona, Julie F.
A1  - Cabezas, Francisco J.
A1  - Cardenas, Dairon
A1  - Cardenas-Toro, Juliana
A1  - Castano, Nicolas
A1  - Chacon, Eduardo
A1  - Chatelain, Cyrille
A1  - Ebel, Aleksandr L.
A1  - Figueiredo, Estrela
A1  - Fuentes, Nicol
A1  - Groom, Quentin J.
A1  - Henderson, Lesley
A1  - Inderjit, 
A1  - Kupriyanov, Andrey
A1  - Masciadri, Silvana
A1  - Meerman, Jan
A1  - Morozova, Olga
A1  - Moser, Dietmar
A1  - Nickrent, Daniel L.
A1  - Patzelt, Annette
A1  - Pelser, Pieter B.
A1  - Baptiste, Maria P.
A1  - Poopath, Manop
A1  - Schulze, Maria
A1  - Seebens, Hanno
A1  - Shu, Wen-sheng
A1  - Thomas, Jacob
A1  - Velayos, Mauricio
A1  - Wieringa, Jan J.
A1  - Pysek, Petr
T1  - Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - All around the globe, humans have greatly altered the abiotic and biotic environment with ever-increasing speed. One defining feature of the Anthropocene epoch(1,2) is the erosion of biogeographical barriers by human-mediated dispersal of species into new regions, where they can naturalize and cause ecological, economic and social damage(3). So far, no comprehensive analysis of the global accumulation and exchange of alien plant species between continents has been performed, primarily because of a lack of data. Here we bridge this knowledge gap by using a unique global database on the occurrences of naturalized alien plant species in 481 mainland and 362 island regions. In total, 13,168 plant species, corresponding to 3.9% of the extant global vascular flora, or approximately the size of the native European flora, have become naturalized somewhere on the globe as a result of human activity. North America has accumulated the largest number of naturalized species, whereas the Pacific Islands show the fastest increase in species numbers with respect to their land area. Continents in the Northern Hemisphere have been the major donors of naturalized alien species to all other continents. Our results quantify for the first time the extent of plant naturalizations worldwide, and illustrate the urgent need for globally integrated efforts to control, manage and understand the spread of alien species.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14910
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 525
IS  - 7567
SP  - 100
EP  - +
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seebens, Hanno
A1  - Essl, Franz
A1  - Dawson, Wayne
A1  - Fuentes, Nicol
A1  - Moser, Dietmar
A1  - Pergl, Jan
A1  - Pysek, Petr
A1  - van Kleunen, Mark
A1  - Weber, Ewald
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Blasius, Bernd
T1  - Global trade will accelerate plant invasions in emerging economies under climate change
JF  - Global change biology
N2  - Trade plays a key role in the spread of alien species and has arguably contributed to the recent enormous acceleration of biological invasions, thus homogenizing biotas worldwide. Combining data on 60-year trends of bilateral trade, as well as on biodiversity and climate, we modeled the global spread of plant species among 147 countries. The model results were compared with a recently compiled unique global data set on numbers of naturalized alien vascular plant species representing the most comprehensive collection of naturalized plant distributions currently available. The model identifies major source regions, introduction routes, and hot spots of plant invasions that agree well with observed naturalized plant numbers. In contrast to common knowledge, we show that the 'imperialist dogma,' stating that Europe has been a net exporter of naturalized plants since colonial times, does not hold for the past 60 years, when more naturalized plants were being imported to than exported from Europe. Our results highlight that the current distribution of naturalized plants is best predicted by socioeconomic activities 20 years ago. We took advantage of the observed time lag and used trade developments until recent times to predict naturalized plant trajectories for the next two decades. This shows that particularly strong increases in naturalized plant numbers are expected in the next 20 years for emerging economies in megadiverse regions. The interaction with predicted future climate change will increase invasions in northern temperate countries and reduce them in tropical and (sub) tropical regions, yet not by enough to cancel out the trade-related increase.
KW  - alien vascular plants
KW  - bioinvasion
KW  - climate warming
KW  - global spread
KW  - imperialist dogma
KW  - model
KW  - network of plant invasion
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13021
SN  - 1354-1013
SN  - 1365-2486
VL  - 21
IS  - 11
SP  - 4128
EP  - 4140
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -