TY - JOUR A1 - Sammoud, Senda A1 - Nevill, Alan Michael A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Hachana, Younes T1 - 100-m Breaststroke Swimming Performance in Youth Swimmers BT - the predictive value of anthropometrics JF - Pediatric exercise science N2 - This study aimed to estimate the optimal body size, limb segment length, and girth or breadth ratios of 100-m breaststroke performance in youth swimmers. In total, 59 swimmers [male: n= 39, age = 11.5 (1.3) y; female: n= 20, age = 12.0 (1.0) y] participated in this study. To identify size/shape characteristics associated with 100-m breaststroke swimming performance, we computed a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. Results showed that the 100-m breaststroke performance revealed a significant negative association with fat mass and a significant positive association with the segment length ratio (arm ratio = hand length/forearm length) and limb girth ratio (girth ratio = forearm girth/wrist girth). In addition, leg length, biacromial breadth, and biiliocristal breadth revealed significant positive associations with the 100-m breaststroke performance. However, height and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the previously mentioned ratios could have been derived. These results highlighted the importance of considering anthropometric characteristics of youth breaststroke swimmers for talent identification and/or athlete monitoring purposes. In addition, these findings may assist orienting swimmers to the appropriate stroke based on their anthropometric characteristics. KW - allometric model KW - maturity KW - limb lengths KW - girths and breadths Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0220 SN - 0899-8493 SN - 1543-2920 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 393 EP - 401 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Heike A1 - Kamitz, Anne A1 - Hallahan, Nicole A1 - Lebek, Sandra A1 - Schallschmidt, Tanja A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Jähnert, Markus A1 - Gottmann, Pascal A1 - Zellner, Lisa A1 - Kanzleiter, Timo A1 - Damen, Mareike A1 - Altenhofen, Delsi A1 - Burkhardt, Ralph A1 - Renner, Simone A1 - Dahlhoff, Maik A1 - Wolf, Eckhard A1 - Müller, Timo Dirk A1 - Blüher, Matthias A1 - Joost, Hans-Georg A1 - Chadt, Alexandra A1 - Al-Hasani, Hadi A1 - Schürmann, Annette T1 - A collective diabetes cross in combination with a computational framework to dissect the genetics of human obesity and Type 2 diabetes JF - Human molecular genetics N2 - To explore the genetic determinants of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) conducted crossbreedings of the obese and diabetes-prone New Zealand Obese mouse strain with four different lean strains (B6, DBA, C3H, 129P2) that vary in their susceptibility to develop T2D. Genome-wide linkage analyses localized more than 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity, 190 QTL for diabetes-related traits and 100 QTL for plasma metabolites in the out-cross populations. A computational framework was developed that allowed to refine critical regions and to nominate a small number of candidate genes by integrating reciprocal haplotype mapping and transcriptome data. The efficiency of the complex procedure was demonstrated for one obesity QTL. The genomic interval of 35 Mb with 502 annotated candidate genes was narrowed down to six candidates. Accordingly, congenic mice retained the obesity phenotype owing to an interval that contains three of the six candidate genes. Among these the phospholipase PLA2G4A exhibited an elevated expression in adipose tissue of obese human subjects and is therefore a critical regulator of the obesity locus. Together, our broad and complex approach demonstrates that combined- and comparative-cross analysis exhibits improved mapping resolution and represents a valid tool for the identification of disease genes. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy217 SN - 0964-6906 SN - 1460-2083 VL - 27 IS - 17 SP - 3099 EP - 3112 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chmielewski, Frank M. A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Götz, Klaus Peter A1 - Homann, Thomas A1 - Gödeke, Kristin A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Huschek, Gerd A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal T1 - Abscisic acid related metabolites in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.) JF - Journal of Horticulture N2 - As our climate changes, plant mechanisms involved for dormancy release become increasingly important for commercial orchards. It is generally believed that abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone that responds to various environmental stresses which affects bud dormancy. For this reason, a multi-year study was initiated to obtain data on plant metabolites during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium L.). In this paper, we report on metabolites involved in ABA synthesis and catabolism and its effect on bud dormancy in the years 2014/15-2016/17. In previous work, the timings of the different phases of para-, endo-, ecodormancy and ontogenetic development for cherry flower buds of the cultivar ‘Summit’ were determined, based on classical climate chamber experiments and changes in the bud’s water content. Based on these time phases, we focused now on the different aspects of the ABA-metabolism. The results show that there is a continual synthesis of ABA about 5 weeks before leaf fall, and a degradation of ABA during ecodormancy and bud development until the phenological stage ‘open cluster’. This is confirmed by relating the ABA content to that of the total precursor carotenoids, neoxanthin and violaxanthin. The tentative monitoring of individual intermediate metabolites revealed that dihydroxyphaseic acid is the most abundant catabolite of ABA and ABA glucosyl ester is in terms of mass intensity, the most abundant ABA metabolite observed in this study. The results suggest that the direct route for ABA biosynthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate may also be relevant in cherry flower buds. KW - Dormancy KW - Abscisic acid KW - Synthesis KW - Catabolism KW - Prunus avium L. KW - Flower buds Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000221 SN - 2376-0354 VL - 5 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Odongo, Grace Akinyi A1 - Schlotz, Nina A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Huyskens-Keil, Susanne A1 - Ngwene, Benard A1 - Trierweiler, Bernhard A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Lamy, Evelyn T1 - African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) BT - impact of cultivation and plant processing on its health promoting potential as determined in a human liver cell model T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB1 induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1133 KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - African indigenous vegetables KW - anti-genotoxicity KW - anti-oxidant activity KW - cancer chemoprevention KW - Solanaceae Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459114 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1133 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Odongo, Grace Akinyi A1 - Schlotz, Nina A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Huyskens-Keil, Susanne A1 - Ngwene, Benard A1 - Trierweiler, Bernhard A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Lamy, Evelyn T1 - African Nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) BT - Impact of Cultivation and Plant Processing on Its Health Promoting Potential as Determined in a Human Liver Cell Model JF - Nutrients N2 - Plant cultivation and processing may impact nutrient and phytochemical content of vegetables. The present study aimed at determining the influence of cultivation and processing on the health promoting capacity of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum Mill.) leaves, an indigenous vegetable, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Anti-genotoxicity against the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB(1)) as determined by the comet assay and radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated in human derived liver (HepG2) cells. ROS scavenging activity was assessed using electron paramagnetic spin resonance and quantification of ARE/Nrf2 mediated gene expression. The cultivation was done under different environmental conditions. The processing included fermentation and cooking; postharvest ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) treatment was also investigated. Overall, S. scabrum extracts showed strong health promoting potential, the highest potential was observed with the fermented extract, which showed a 60% reduction of AFB(1) induced DNA damage and a 38% reduction in FeSO4 induced oxidative stress. The content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophylls was indeed affected by cultivation and processing. Based on the present in vitro findings consumption of S. scabrum leaves could be further encouraged, preferentially after cooking or fermentation of the plant. KW - aflatoxin B1 KW - African indigenous vegetables KW - anti-genotoxicity KW - anti-oxidant activity KW - cancer chemoprevention KW - Solanaceae Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101532 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 10 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gulbins, Anne A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Becker, Katrin Anne A1 - Wilker, Barbara A1 - Soddemann, Matthias A1 - Boldrin, Francesco A1 - Müller, Christian P. A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Goodman, Michael A1 - Caldwell, Charles C. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Kornhuber, Johannes A1 - Szabo, Ildiko A1 - Gulbins, Erich T1 - Antidepressants act by inducing autophagy controlled by sphingomyelin-ceramide JF - Molecular psychiatry N2 - Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe disease characterized by mood changes, somatic alterations, and often suicide. MDD is treated with antidepressants, but the molecular mechanism of their action is unknown. We found that widely used antidepressants such as amitriptyline and fluoxetine induce autophagy in hippocampal neurons via the slow accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes and Golgi membranes and of ceramide in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER ceramide stimulates phosphatase 2A and thereby the autophagy proteins Ulk, Beclin, Vps34/Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p62, and Lc3B. Although treatment with amitriptyline or fluoxetine requires at least 12 days to achieve sphingomyelin accumulation and the subsequent biochemical and cellular changes, direct inhibition of sphingomyelin synthases with tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) results in rapid (within 3 days) accumulation of ceramide in the ER, activation of autophagy, and reversal of biochemical and behavioral signs of stress-induced MDD. Inhibition of Beclin blocks the antidepressive effects of amitriptyline and D609 and induces cellular and behavioral changes typical of MDD. These findings identify sphingolipid-controlled autophagy as an important target for antidepressive treatment methods and provide a rationale for the development of novel antidepressants that act within a few days. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0090-9 SN - 1359-4184 SN - 1476-5578 VL - 23 IS - 12 SP - 2324 EP - 2346 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jamnok, Jutatip A1 - Sanchaisuriya, Kanokwan A1 - Yamsri, Supawadee A1 - Fucharoen, Goonnapa A1 - Fucharoen, Supan A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Sanchaisuriya, Pattara T1 - Application of a new portable nephelometer for screening thalassemia in countries with limited resources T2 - International Journal of Laboratory Hematology Y1 - 2018 SN - 1751-5521 SN - 1751-553X VL - 40 SP - 62 EP - 62 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jamnok, Jutatip A1 - Sanchaisuriya, Kanokwan A1 - Yamsri, Supawadee A1 - Fucharoen, Goonnapa A1 - Fucharoen, Supan A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Sanchaisuriya, Pattara T1 - Application of a new portable nephelometer for screening thalassemia in countries with limited resources T2 - International journal of laboratory hematology N2 - One-tube osmotic fragility (OF) test is a rapid test used widely for screening thalassemia in countries with limited resources. The test has important limitation in that its accuracy relies on observers’ experience. The iCheck Turbidity is a prototype of portable nephelometer developed by BioAnalyt (Bioanalyt GmbH, Germany). In this study, we assessed the applicability of the iCheck Turbidity, for checking turbidity of the OF-test Y1 - 2018 SN - 1751-5521 SN - 1751-553X VL - 40 SP - 62 EP - 62 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Sandra Marie A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Galla, Hans-Joachim A1 - Francesconi, Kevin A. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons disrupt a model in vitro blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier JF - Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology N2 - Lipid-soluble arsenicals, so-called arsenolipids, have gained a lot of attention in the last few years because of their presence in many seafoods and reports showing substantial cytotoxicity emanating from arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), a prominent subgroup of the arsenolipids. More recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that some arsenolipids might have adverse effects on brain health. In the present study, we focused on the effects of selected arsenolipids and three representative metabolites on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B), a brain-regulating interface. For this purpose, we incubated an in vitro model of the B-CSF-B composed of porcine choroid plexus epithelial cells (PCPECs) with three AsHCs, two arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) and three representative arsenolipid metabolites (dimethylarsinic acid, thio/oxo-dimethylpropanoic acid) to examine their cytotoxic potential and impact on barrier integrity. The toxic arsenic species arsenite was also tested in this way and served as a reference substance. While AsFAs and the metabolites showed no cytotoxic effects in the conducted assays, AsHCs showed a strong cytotoxicity, being up to 1.5-fold more cytotoxic than arsenite. Analysis of the in vitro B-CSF-B integrity showed a concentration dependent disruption of the barrier within 72 h. The correlation with the decreased plasma membrane surface area (measured as capacitance) indicates cytotoxic effects. These findings suggest exposure to elevated levels of certain arsenolipids may have detrimental consequences for the central nervous system. KW - Arsenolipids KW - Blood-liquor barrier KW - Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier KW - Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons KW - Arsenic-containing fatty acids Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.020 SN - 0946-672X VL - 49 SP - 171 EP - 177 PB - Elsevier GMBH CY - München ER - TY - GEN A1 - Henkel, Janin A1 - Coleman Mac Gregor of Inneregny, Charles Dominic A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Jöhrens, Korinna A1 - Weiss, Thomas Siegfried A1 - Jonas, Wenke A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul T1 - Augmented liver inflammation in a microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1)-deficient diet-induced mouse NASH model T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In a subset of patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complicated by cell death and inflammation resulting in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to fibrosis and subsequent organ failure. Apart from cytokines, prostaglandins, in particular prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), play a pivotal role during inflammatory processes. Expression of the key enzymes of PGE(2) synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1), was increased in human NASH livers in comparison to controls and correlated with the NASH activity score. Both enzymes were also induced in NASH-diet-fed wild-type mice, resulting in an increase in hepatic PGE(2) concentration that was completely abrogated in mPGES-1-deficient mice. PGE(2) is known to inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis in macrophages. A strong infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages was observed in NASH-diet-fed mice, which was accompanied with an increase in hepatic TNF-alpha expression. Due to the impaired PGE(2) production, TNF-alpha expression increased much more in livers of mPGES-1-deficient mice or in the peritoneal macrophages of these mice. The increased levels of TNF-alpha resulted in an enhanced IL-1 beta production, primarily in hepatocytes, and augmented hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, attenuation of PGE(2) production by mPGES-1 ablation enhanced the TNF-alpha-triggered inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in diet-induced NASH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 483 KW - suppress VLDL secretion KW - mice lacking KW - nonalcoholic steatohepatthis KW - insulin-resistance KW - rat hepatocytes KW - kupffer cells KW - E-2 KW - disease KW - expression KW - accumulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420879 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 483 ER -