TY - JOUR A1 - Shoghi, Sara A1 - Arslan, Seckin A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien A1 - Popov, Srdan T1 - Does a walk-through video help the parser down the garden-path? BT - a visually enhanced self-paced reading study in Dutch JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The human language processing mechanism assigns a structure to the incoming materials as they unfold. There is evidence that the parser prefers some attachment types over others; however, theories of sentence processing are still in dispute over the stage at which each source of information contributes to the parsing system. The present study aims to identify the nature of initial parsing decisions during sentence processing through manipulating attachment type and verbs' argument structure. To this end, we designed a self-paced reading task using globally ambiguous constructions in Dutch. The structures included double locative prepositional phrases (PPs) where the first PP could attach both to the verb (high attachment) and the noun preceding it (low attachment). To disambiguate the structures, we presented a visual context in the form of short animation clips prior to each reading task. Furthermore, we manipulated the argument structure of the sentences using 2- and 3-argument verbs. The results showed that parsing decisions were influenced by contextual cues depending on the argument structure of the verb. That is, the visual context overcame the preference for high attachment only in the case of 2-argument verbs, while this preference persisted in structures including 3-argument verbs as represented by longer reading times for the low attachment interpretations. These findings can be taken as evidence that our language processing system actively integrates information from linguistic and non-linguistic sources from the initial stages of analysis to build up meaning. We discuss our findings in light of serial and parallel models of sentence processing. KW - syntactic ambiguity resolution KW - self-paced reading KW - visual context KW - sentence processing KW - PP attachment KW - written language comprehension Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009265 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kawasaki, Yui A1 - Akamatsu, Rie A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko A1 - Omori, Mika A1 - Sugawara, Masumi A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki T1 - Association of healthy eating literacy and resident status with energy, nutrients, and food consumption among lean and normal-weight female university students JF - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN N2 - Background & aims: This study aimed to describe the association of healthy eating literacy (HEL) with energy, nutrients, and food consumption in young women who had normal and lean weight at a Japanese university, considering their resident status. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Ochanomizu Health Study were used in this study. Participants answered a self-administered, two-part, anonymous survey in 2018 and 2019. A total of 203 female undergraduate students with lean and normal body mass index (BMI) were included in the analysis. Single and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of HEL and resident status with healthy food consumption, such as vegetables, fish, and shellfish. The dependent variables were HEL and resident status, and the covariates were age, BMI, and the total metabolic equivalents. Results: The median (25th and 75th percentiles) age, BMI, and total HEL score were 20 (19, 21) years, 20.2 (18.9, 21.3) kg/m 2, and 18 (16, 20), respectively. Resident status and HEL were independently associated with vegetables, fish, and shellfish intake. Participants who had higher total HEL scores and lived in their family home consumed significantly more vegetables (b = 0.17 and-0.34, p < 0.05) and fish and shellfish (b = 0.24,-0.28, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the association between HEL and dietary consumption in young women with normal and lean BMI. KW - healthy eating literacy KW - dietary intake KW - living alone KW - vegetables KW - Fish KW - undergraduate students Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.007 SN - 2405-4577 VL - 51 SP - 419 EP - 423 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gleich, Tobias A1 - Spitta, Gianna A1 - Butler, Oisin A1 - Zacharias, Kristin A1 - Aydin, Semiha A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Schubert, Florian A1 - Buchert, Ralph A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen T1 - Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk BT - Towards a dimensional approach T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 849 KW - alcohol KW - D2/3 receptors KW - dependence KW - dopamine KW - high risk KW - PET Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549098 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 849 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Holl, Anna K. A1 - Trommler, Denny A1 - Schmitt, Manfred J. T1 - Responses toward injustice shaped by justice sensitivity - evidence from Germany JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim's, observer's, beneficiary's, and perpetrator's perspectives, and several control variables. Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice. It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective. These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being. KW - justice sensitivity KW - anger KW - sadness KW - helplessness KW - social withdrawal Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858291 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoncini, Monica A1 - Höhl, Stefanie A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Wallot, Sebastian A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi T1 - Mother-infant social gaze dynamics relate to infant brain activity and word segmentation JF - Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience N2 - The ‘social brain’, consisting of areas sensitive to social information, supposedly gates the mechanisms involved in human language learning. Early preverbal interactions are guided by ostensive signals, such as gaze patterns, which are coordinated across body, brain, and environment. However, little is known about how the infant brain processes social gaze in naturalistic interactions and how this relates to infant language development. During free-play of 9-month-olds with their mothers, we recorded hemodynamic cortical activity of ´social brain` areas (prefrontal cortex, temporo-parietal junctions) via fNIRS, and micro-coded mother’s and infant’s social gaze. Infants’ speech processing was assessed with a word segmentation task. Using joint recurrence quantification analysis, we examined the connection between infants’ ´social brain` activity and the temporal dynamics of social gaze at intrapersonal (i.e., infant’s coordination, maternal coordination) and interpersonal (i.e., dyadic coupling) levels. Regression modeling revealed that intrapersonal dynamics in maternal social gaze (but not infant’s coordination or dyadic coupling) coordinated significantly with infant’s cortical activity. Moreover, recurrence quantification analysis revealed that intrapersonal maternal social gaze dynamics (in terms of entropy) were the best predictor of infants’ word segmentation. The findings support the importance of social interaction in language development, particularly highlighting maternal social gaze dynamics. KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy KW - infant word segmentation KW - social gaze KW - mother-infant interactions KW - entropy KW - recurrence quantification analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101331 SN - 1878-9293 SN - 1878-9307 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Ranzini, Mariagrazia A1 - Blini, Elvio A1 - Lisi, Matteo A1 - Zorzi, Marco T1 - Effects of attentional shifts along the vertical axis on number processing BT - an eye-tracking study with optokinetic stimulation JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - Previous studies suggest that associations between numbers and space are mediated by shifts of visuospatial attention along the horizontal axis. In this study, we investigated the effect of vertical shifts of overt attention, induced by optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and monitored through eye-tracking, in two tasks requiring explicit (number comparison) or implicit (parity judgment) processing of number magnitude. Participants were exposed to black-and-white stripes (OKS) that moved vertically (upward or downward) or remained static (control condition). During the OKS, participants were asked to verbally classify auditory one-digit numbers as larger/smaller than 5 (comparison task; Exp. 1) or as odd/even (parity task; Exp. 2). OKS modulated response times in both experiments. In Exp.1, upward attentional displacement decreased the Magnitude effect (slower responses for large numbers) and increased the Distance effect (slower responses for numbers close to the reference). In Exp.2, we observed a complex interaction between parity, magnitude, and OKS, indicating that downward attentional displacement slowed down responses for large odd numbers. Moreover, eye tracking analyses revealed an influence of number processing on eye movements both in Exp. 1, with eye gaze shifting downwards during the processing of small numbers as compared to large ones; and in Exp. 2, with leftward shifts after large even numbers (6,8) and rightward shifts after large odd numbers (7,9). These results provide evidence of bidirectional links between number and space and extend them to the vertical dimension. Moreover, they document the influence of visuo-spatial attention on processing of numerical magnitude, numerical distance, and parity. Together, our findings are in line with grounded and embodied accounts of numerical cognition. KW - Numerical cognition KW - Optokinetic stimulation KW - Number-space association KW - Spatial cognition KW - Visuospatial attention KW - Grounded cognition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104991 SN - 0010-0277 SN - 1873-7838 VL - 221 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoncini, Monica A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Höhl, Stefanie A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi T1 - The role of mother-infant emotional synchrony in speech processing in 9-month-old infants JF - Infant behavior and development : an international & interdisciplinary journal N2 - Rhythmicity characterizes both interpersonal synchrony and spoken language. Emotions and language are forms of interpersonal communication, which interact with each other throughout development. We investigated whether and how emotional synchrony between mothers and their 9-month-old infants relates to infants' word segmentation as an early marker of language development. Twenty-six 9-month-old infants and their German-speaking mothers took part in the study. To measure emotional synchrony, we coded positive, neutral and negative emotional expressions of the mothers and their infants during a free play session. We then calculated the degree to which the mothers' and their infants' matching emotional expressions followed a predictable pattern. To measure word segmentation, we familiarized infants with auditory text passages and tested how long they looked at the screen while listening to familiar versus novel words. We found that higher levels of predictability (i.e. low entropy) during mother-infant interaction is associated with infants' word segmentation performance. These findings suggest that individual differences in word segmentation relate to the complexity and predictability of emotional expressions during mother-infant interactions. KW - Mother -infant dyads KW - Entropy KW - Emotional synchrony KW - Cross -recurrence KW - quantification analysis KW - Word segmentation KW - Rhythmicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101772 SN - 0163-6383 SN - 1879-0453 VL - 69 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malayeri, Shera A1 - Nater, Christa A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Sczesny, Sabine T1 - Sexual aggression among women and men in an Iranian sample BT - prevalence and correlates JF - Sex roles : a journal of research N2 - This pre-registered study examined the prevalence and correlates of sexual aggression in a sample of 530 Iranians (322 women, 208 men) with a behaviorally specific questionnaire distinguishing between different coercive strategies, victim-perpetrator relationships, and sexual acts. Significantly more women (63.0%) than men (51.0%) experienced at least one incident of sexual aggression victimization since the age of 15 years, and significantly more men (37.0%) than women (13.4%) reported at least one incident of sexual aggression perpetration. In women and men, the experience of child sexual abuse predicted sexual victimization and sexual aggression perpetration after the age of 15 years, both directly and indirectly through higher engagement in risky sexual behavior. Greater endorsement of hostile masculinity among men explained additional variance in the prediction of sexual aggression perpetration. This research is a first step towards documenting and explaining high rates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among Iranian women and men, providing important information for sex education as well for the prevention of sexual aggression. However, to achieve these goals, we highlight the need for systematic actions in all educational, social, and legal sectors of Iranian society. KW - sexual aggression perpetration KW - sexual victimization KW - child sexual KW - abuse KW - risky sexual behavior KW - Iran Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01312-2 SN - 0360-0025 SN - 1573-2762 VL - 87 IS - 3-4 SP - 139 EP - 153 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lachmair, Martin A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Gerjets, Peter T1 - Action-control mappings of interfaces in virtual reality: a study of embodied interaction JF - Frontiers in virtual reality N2 - The development of interface technologies is driven by the goal of making interaction more positive through natural action-control mappings. In Virtual Reality (VR), the entire body is potentially involved for interaction, using such mappings with a maximum of degrees of freedom. The downside is the increase in interaction complexity, which can dramatically influence interface design. A cognitive perspective on detailed aspects of interaction patterns is lacking in common interface design guidelines, although it can be helpful to make this complexity controllable and, thus, make interaction behavior predictable. In the present study, the distinction between grounding, embodiment, and situatedness (the GES framework) is applied to organize aspects of interactions and to compare them with each other. In two experiments, zooming into or out of emotional pictures through changes of arm span was examined in VR. There are qualitatively different aspects during such an interaction: i) perceptual aspects caused by zooming are fundamental for human behavior (Grounding: closer objects appear bigger) and ii) aspects of gestures correspond to the physical characteristics of the agents (Embodiment: little distance of hands signals little or, in contrast, "creating more detail"). The GES-framework sets aspects of Grounding against aspects of Embodiment, thus allowing to predict human behavior regarding these qualitatively different aspects. For the zooming procedure, the study shows that Grounding can overrule Embodiment in interaction design. Thus, we propose GES as a cognitive framework that can help to inform interaction guidelines for user interface design in VR. KW - embodied interaction KW - grounded cognition KW - virtual reality KW - action-control mapping KW - zooming KW - valence KW - user interface KW - embodiment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.976849 SN - 2673-4192 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Baron, Stefanie A1 - Klevers, Theresa T1 - Students or medical professionals: whose knowledge improved after social-medicine training? BT - results from a quasi-experimental evaluation study JF - Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology N2 - Purpose Rehabilitation professionals are faced with judging and describing the social-medicine status of their patients. Rehabilitation professionals must know the core concepts of acute unfitness for work, psychological capacities, and long-term work capacity. Acquiring and applying this knowledge, requires training. The research question is if and to what extent medical professionals and students' knowledge changes after social medicine training. Methods This quasi-experimental study was carried out in the real-life context of social medicine training. Psychology students (n = 42), physicians/psychotherapists (i.e. state-licensed health professionals) (n = 44) and medical assistant professionals (n = 29) were trained. Their social medicine knowledge was measured before and after training by a 10-min expert-approved and content valid knowledge questionnaire. Three free-text questions had to be answered on the essential aspects of present and prognostic work ability and psychological capacities. Answers were rated for correctness by two experts. Paired t tests and variance analysis have been calculated for group comparisons. Results All groups improved their social medicine knowledge from the pre- to the post-test. The students started with the lowest level of knowledge in the pre-test. After training, 69% of the physicians/psychotherapists and 56.8% of the medical assistant professionals, but only 7% of the students, obtained maximum scores for naming psychological capacities. Conclusions Social medicine knowledge increased after a training course consisting of eight lessons. The increase was greater for medical assistant professionals and physicians/psychotherapists than for students. Social medicine training must be adjusted to the trainee groups' knowledge levels. KW - ICF KW - work ability KW - mental health KW - impairment KW - rehabilitation professionals Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02197-4 SN - 0933-7954 SN - 1433-9285 VL - 57 IS - 7 SP - 1505 EP - 1514 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER -