TY  - GEN
A1  - Hartmann, Matthias
A1  - Mast, Fred W.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Spatial biases during mental arithmetic
BT  - evidence from eye movements on a blank screen
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized that mental addition leads to rightward and upward shifts of spatial attention (along the "mental number line"), whereas subtraction leads to leftward and downward shifts. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing spontaneous eye movements during mental arithmetic. Participants solved verbally presented arithmetic problems (e.g., 2 + 7, 8-3) aloud while looking at a blank screen. We found that eye movements reflected spatial biases in the ongoing mental operation: Gaze position shifted more upward when participants solved addition compared to subtraction problems, and the horizontal gaze position was partly determined by the magnitude of the operands. Interestingly, the difference between addition and subtraction trials was driven by the operator (plus vs. minus) but was not influenced by the computational process. Thus, our results do not support the idea of a mental movement toward the solution during arithmetic but indicate a semantic association between operation and space.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 426 
KW  - mental arithmetic
KW  - eye movements
KW  - mental number line
KW  - operational momentum
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - grounded cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406504
IS  - 426
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Sixtus, Elena
A1  - Göbel, Silke M.
T1  - Commentary
BT  - a pointer about grasping numbers
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - kein Abstract vorhanden
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 420 
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - gestures
KW  - numeracy training
KW  - mathematical cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406260
IS  - 420
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Newborn chicks need no number tricks
BT  - Commentary: Number-space mapping in the newborn chick resembles humans' mental number line
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - kein Abstract
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 414 
KW  - mental number line
KW  - innate number sense
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - spatial cognition
KW  - spatial numerical associations
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406425
IS  - 414
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Two steps to space for numbers
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 412 
KW  - spatial-nunmerical association
KW  - SNARC
KW  - mental number line
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - spatial cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406522
IS  - 412
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lobmaier, Janek S.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Facial Feedback Affects Perceived Intensity but Not Quality of Emotional Expressions
N2  - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 302 
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - emotional expression
KW  - emotion recognition
KW  - facial feedback
KW  - face morphing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-96428
SP  - 357
EP  - 368
ER  -