TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Stein, Ruediger A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Changes in the composition of marine and sea-ice diatoms derived from sedimentary ancient DNA of the eastern Fram Strait over the past 30 000 years JF - Ocean Science N2 - The Fram Strait is an area with a relatively low and irregular distribution of diatom microfossils in surface sediments, and thus microfossil records are scarce, rarely exceed the Holocene, and contain sparse information about past richness and taxonomic composition. These attributes make the Fram Strait an ideal study site to test the utility of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding. Amplifying a short, partial rbcL marker from samples of sediment core MSM05/5-712-2 resulted in 95.7 % of our sequences being assigned to diatoms across 18 different families, with 38.6 % of them being resolved to species and 25.8 % to genus level. Independent replicates show a high similarity of PCR products, especially in the oldest samples. Diatom sedaDNA richness is highest in the Late Weichselian and lowest in Mid- and Late Holocene samples. Taxonomic composition is dominated by cold-water and sea-ice-associated diatoms and suggests several reorganisations – after the Last Glacial Maximum, after the Younger Dryas, and after the Early and after the Mid-Holocene. Different sequences assigned to, amongst others, Chaetoceros socialis indicate the detectability of intra-specific diversity using sedaDNA. We detect no clear pattern between our diatom sedaDNA record and the previously published IP25 record of this core, although proportions of pennate diatoms increase with higher IP25 concentrations and proportions of Nitzschia cf. frigida exceeding 2 % of the assemblage point towards past sea-ice presence. KW - last glacial maximum KW - surface temperatures KW - species composition KW - greenland shelf KW - Disko Bay KW - phytoplankton KW - communities KW - variability KW - diversity KW - Svalbard Y1 - 2019 VL - 16 IS - 5 PB - Springer CY - Tokyo ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Stein, Ruediger A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Changes in the composition of marine and sea-ice diatoms derived from sedimentary ancient DNA of the eastern Fram Strait over the past 30 000 years T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Fram Strait is an area with a relatively low and irregular distribution of diatom microfossils in surface sediments, and thus microfossil records are scarce, rarely exceed the Holocene, and contain sparse information about past richness and taxonomic composition. These attributes make the Fram Strait an ideal study site to test the utility of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding. Amplifying a short, partial rbcL marker from samples of sediment core MSM05/5-712-2 resulted in 95.7 % of our sequences being assigned to diatoms across 18 different families, with 38.6 % of them being resolved to species and 25.8 % to genus level. Independent replicates show a high similarity of PCR products, especially in the oldest samples. Diatom sedaDNA richness is highest in the Late Weichselian and lowest in Mid- and Late Holocene samples. Taxonomic composition is dominated by cold-water and sea-ice-associated diatoms and suggests several reorganisations – after the Last Glacial Maximum, after the Younger Dryas, and after the Early and after the Mid-Holocene. Different sequences assigned to, amongst others, Chaetoceros socialis indicate the detectability of intra-specific diversity using sedaDNA. We detect no clear pattern between our diatom sedaDNA record and the previously published IP25 record of this core, although proportions of pennate diatoms increase with higher IP25 concentrations and proportions of Nitzschia cf. frigida exceeding 2 % of the assemblage point towards past sea-ice presence. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1195 KW - last glacial maximum KW - surface temperatures KW - species composition KW - greenland shelf KW - Disko Bay KW - phytoplankton KW - communities KW - variability KW - diversity KW - Svalbard Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525154 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olimi, Expedito A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Insights into the microbiome assembly during different growth stages and storage of strawberry plants JF - Environmental microbiome N2 - Background: Microbiome assembly was identified as an important factor for plant growth and health, but this process is largely unknown, especially for the fruit microbiome. Therefore, we analyzed strawberry plants of two cultivars by focusing on microbiome tracking during the different growth stages and storage using amplicon sequencing, qPCR, and microscopic approaches.
Results: Strawberry plants carried a highly diverse microbiome, therein the bacterial families Sphingomonadaceae (25%), Pseudomonadaceae (17%), and Burkholderiaceae (11%); and the fungal family Mycosphaerella (45%) were most abundant. All compartments were colonized by high number of bacteria and fungi (10(7)-10(10) marker gene copies per g fresh weight), and were characterized by high microbial diversity (6049 and 1501 ASVs); both were higher for the belowground samples than in the phyllosphere. Compartment type was the main driver of microbial diversity, structure, and abundance (bacterial: 45%; fungal: 61%) when compared to the cultivar (1.6%; 2.2%). Microbiome assembly was strongly divided for belowground habitats and the phyllosphere; only a low proportion of the microbiome was transferred from soil via the rhizosphere to the phyllosphere. During fruit development, we observed the highest rates of microbial transfer from leaves and flowers to ripe fruits, where most of the bacteria occured inside the pulp. In postharvest fruits, microbial diversity decreased while the overall abundance increased. Developing postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea decreased the diversity as well, and induced a reduction of potentially beneficial taxa.
Conclusion: Our findings provide insights into microbiome assembly in strawberry plants and highlight the importance of microbe transfer during fruit development and storage with potential implications for food health and safety. KW - Fragaria x ananassa KW - Microbiome assembly KW - Fruit pathogens KW - Bacterial KW - communities KW - Fungal communities KW - Amplicon sequencing KW - CLSM Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00415-3 SN - 2524-6372 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Mühlenhoff, Judith T1 - Culture-driven innovation BT - acknowledging culture as a knowledge source for innovation N2 - This cumulative dissertation deals with the potential of underexplored cultural sources for innovation. Nowadays, firms recognize an increasing demand for innovation to keep pace with an ever-growing dynamic worldwide competition. Knowledge is one of the most crucial sources and resource, while until now innovation has been foremost driven by technology. But since the last years, we have been witnessing a change from technology's role as a driver of innovation to an enabler of innovation. Innovative products and services increasingly differentiate through emotional qualities and user experience. These experiences are hard to grasp and require alignment in innovation management theory and practice. This work cares about culture in a broader matter as a source for innovation. It investigates the requirements and fundamentals for "culture-driven innovation" by studying where and how to unlock cultural sources. The research questions are the following: What are cultural sources for knowledge and innovation? Where can one find cultural sources and how to tap into them? The dissertation starts with an overview of its central terms and introduces cultural theories as an overarching frame to study cultural sources for innovation systematically. Here, knowledge is not understood as something an organization owns like a material resource, but it is seen as something created and taking place in practices. Such a practice theoretical lens inheres the rejection of the traditional economic depiction of the rational Homo Oeconomicus. Nevertheless, it also rejects the idea of the Homo Sociologicus about the strong impact of society and its values on individual actions. Practice theory approaches take account of both concepts by underscoring the dualism of individual (agency, micro-level) and structure (society, macro-level). Following this, organizations are no enclosed entities but embedded within their socio-cultural environment, which shapes them and is also shaped by them. Then, the first article of this dissertation acknowledges a methodological stance of this dualism by discussing how mixed methods support an integrated approach to study the micro- and macro-level. The article focuses on networks (thus communities) as a central research unit within studies of entrepreneurship and innovation. The second article contains a network analysis and depicts communities as central loci for cultural sources and knowledge. With data from the platform Meetup.com about events etc., the study explores which overarching communities and themes have been evolved in Berlin's start up and tech scene. While the latter study was about where to find new cultural sources, the last article addresses how to unlock such knowledge sources. It develops the concept of a cultural absorptive capacity, that is the capability of organizations to open up towards cultural sources. Furthermore, the article points to the role of knowledge intermediaries in the early phases of knowledge acquisition. Two case studies on companies working with artists illustrate the roles of such intermediaries and how they support firms to gain knowledge from cultural sources. Overall, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of culture as a source for innovation from a theoretical, methodological, and practitioners' point of view. It provides basic research to unlock the potential of such new knowledge sources for companies - sources that so far have been neglected in innovation management. N2 - Diese kumulative Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Potenzial von bisher wenig untersuchten kulturellen Quellen für Innovation. Firmen erleben heutzutage einen ansteigenden Bedarf nach Innovationen um in einer immer dynamisch werdenden Welt im Wettbewerb nicht zurückzufallen. Wissen gehört hierbei zu einer der zentralen Quelle und Ressource, wobei das Wissen um Innovationen bisher meistens stark durch den Einfluss von Technik geprägt wurde. Jedoch können wir in den letzten Jahren vermehrt beobachten, wie Technik als Treiber von Innovationen zurückgeht und eher die Rolle eines Gehilfen übernimmt. Innovative Produkte und Services differenzieren sich zunehmend über emotionale und über Erfahrungsqualitäten. Diese Nutzungserfahrungen sind schwer zu fassen und erfordern Anpassungen im bisherigen Management von Innovationen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Kultur im weitest gehenden Sinne als Quelle für Innovationen. Sie behandelt die Voraussetzungen und Grundlagen für "Culture-Driven Innovation" indem darauf eingegangen wird wo und wie kulturelle Quellen erschlossen werden können. Die Forschungsfragen lauten: Was sind kulturelle Quellen für Wissen und Innovation? Wo kann man diese Quellen finden und wie sie sich erschließen? Dafür beginnt die Arbeit mit einem Überblick zu den wesentlichen Begriffen des Promotionsthemas und führt Kulturtheorien als übergreifende Klammer ein, von denen kulturelle Quellen für Innovationen systematisch betrachtet werden können. Wissen wird hierbei nicht als etwas gesehen, das eine Organisation besitzen kann wie eine materielle Ressource, sondern als etwas, das erst in Praktiken erlebbar und geniert wird. Solch einer praxistheoretischen Sichtweise innewohnend ist die Ablehnung klassischer wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Vorstellungen eines rational agierenden Homo Oeconomicus. Auf der anderen Seite lehnt sie aber auch die Idee eines Homo Sociologicus ab, in dem das Handeln des Einzelnen hauptsächlich von der Gesellschaft und ihren Werten geprägt wird. Praxistheoretische Ansätze positionieren sich dazwischen indem sie den Dualismus von Individuum (Akteur, Mikro-Ebene) und Struktur (Gesellschaft, Makro-Ebene) betont. Organisationen sind demnach keine in sich geschlossene Einheiten, sondern eingebettet in ihre sozio-kulturelle Umwelt, die sie prägt und die sie gleichzeitig wiederum mitprägen. Im Folgenden widmet sich der erste Artikel einer methodischen Betrachtung dieses Dualismus' indem erörtert wird, wie Mixed Methods helfen Mikro-Ebene und Makro-Ebene integriert erforschen zu können. Dabei konzentriert sich der Artikel auf Netzwerke (und somit auch Communities) als zentrale Untersuchungseinheit von Entrepreneurship- und Innovationsforschung. Der zweite Artikel der Dissertation beinhaltet eine Netzwerkanalyse und widmet sich Communities als zentralen Ort für kulturelle Quellen und Wissen. An Hand der Daten der Plattform Meetup.com zu Veranstaltungen etc., untersucht die Studie welche übergreifenden Communities und welche Themen sich in Berlin's Start Up- und Tech-Szene gebildet haben. Nachdem dieser Beitrag sich der Frage widmet wo neue kulturelle Wissensquellen entdeckt werden können, geht der letzte Beitrag der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit der Frage nach, wie solches Wissen erschlossen werden kann. In dem Artikel wird die Idee einer Cultural Absorptive Capacity entwickelt, also der Fähigkeit von Organisationen sich gegenüber kulturellen Quellen zu öffnen, und die Rolle von Wissensvermittlern in der frühen Phase von Wissenserschließung betont. In zwei Fallstudien über Firmen, die mit Künstlern zusammenarbeiten, wird aufgezeigt, welche Rollen solche Vermittler übernehmen können und wie sie Unternehmen dabei helfen, Wissen aus kulturellen Quellen zu nutzen. Insgesamt trägt diese Dissertation zu einem besseren Verständnis von Kultur als Quelle für Innovationen auf theoretischer, methodischer und praktischer Ebene bei. Sie leistet damit Grundlagenarbeit um das Potenzial solcher neuen Wissensquellen für Unternehmen zu erschließen da diese bisher im Innovationsmanagement vernachlässigt wurden. KW - innovation management KW - Innovationsmanagement KW - culture KW - Kultur KW - intermediaries KW - knowledge KW - Wissen KW - networks KW - Netzwerke KW - mixed methods KW - communities KW - entrepreneurship KW - absorptive capacity Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104626 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frindte, Katharina A1 - Allgaier, Martin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Eckert, Werner T1 - Microbial response to experimentally controlled redox transitions at the sediment water interface T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The sediment-water interface of freshwater lakes is characterized by sharp chemical gradients, shaped by the interplay between physical, chemical and microbial processes. As dissolved oxygen is depleted in the uppermost sediment, the availability of alternative electron acceptors, e.g. nitrate and sulfate, becomes the limiting factor. We performed a time series experiment in a mesocosm to simulate the transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions at the sediment-water interface. Our goal was to identify changes in the microbial activity due to redox transitions induced by successive depletion of available electron acceptors. Monitoring critical hydrochemical parameters in the overlying water in conjunction with a new sampling strategy for sediment bacteria enabled us to correlate redox changes in the water to shifts in the active microbial community and the expression of functional genes representing specific redox-dependent microbial processes. Our results show that during several transitions from oxic-heterotrophic condition to sulfate-reducing condition, nitrate-availability and the on-set of sulfate reduction strongly affected the corresponding functional gene expression. There was evidence of anaerobic methane oxidation with NOx. DGGE analysis revealed redox-related changes in microbial activity and expression of functional genes involved in sulfate and nitrite reduction, whereas methanogenesis and methanotrophy showed only minor changes during redox transitions. The combination of high-frequency chemical measurements and molecular methods provide new insights into the temporal dynamics of the interplay between microbial activity and specific redox transitions at the sediment-water interface. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 509 KW - anaerobic methane oxidation KW - oligotrophic lake Stechlin KW - ribosomal RNA KW - vertical-distribution KW - coastal sediments KW - sulfate reduction KW - Shallow Lake KW - bacteria KW - carbon KW - communities Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408464 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 509 ER -