TY  - JOUR
A1  - Martykanova, Darina
T1  - A Gateway to the World
BT  - Jewish and Armenian Engineers of Ottoman Background at the Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures (1853-1923)
JF  - Diasporas : circulations, migrations, histoire
N2  - In the second half of the 19th century, the French École centrale des arts et manufactures became one of the engineering schools that enjoyed a worldwide reputation. There were many foreigners among its students. This article focuses on the graduates born in the Ottoman Empire, particularly on Jews and Armenians. It analyses their backgrounds, their common features and their professional careers, tracing their links with other centraliens. The patterns in the Ottoman centraliens’ professional trajectories help us picture a world full of opportunities where highly qualified men could cross borders and build careers with ease, but where, at the same time, origins, allegiances, contacts and credentials mattered greatly.
N2  - Dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, l’École centrale des arts et manufactures française devint une école d’ingénieurs jouissant d’une réputation internationale ; les étudiants étrangers y furent nombreux. Cet article porte sur les diplômés nés dans l’Empire ottoman, en particuliers les étudiants juifs et arméniens ; il s’attache à leur parcours, à leurs caractéristiques et à leurs carrières professionnelles et restitue leurs liens avec les autres centraliens. L’étude de leurs trajectoires professionnelles permet d’appréhender un monde riche en opportunités, où des hommes hautement qualifiés pouvaient aisément traverser les frontières et construire une carrière, mais où, dans le même temps, les origines, les réseaux d’allégeance, les relations et les diplômes jouent un rôle de premier plan.
KW  - Engineers
KW  - Jews
KW  - Armenians
KW  - Ottomans
KW  - Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures
KW  - networks
KW  - Ottoman Empire
KW  - France
KW  - transnational
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4000/diasporas.718
SN  - 1637-5823
SN  - 2431-1472
VL  - 29
SP  - 33
EP  - 51
PB  - Presses Universitaires du Midi
CY  - Toulouse
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Köppen, Paul
T1  - A Possible Peace? The Interwar Franco-German Relationship in Historiographical Perspective
JF  - Ricerche di Storia Politica
N2  - This essay aims at discussing the new literature on Franco-German relations during the period 1918-1930. It highlights how many works now question the idea that the Treaty of Versailles and the European order that ensued inevitably wore within themselves the seeds of a new war. On the contrary, by examining in particular the detente efforts of the Twenties, the most recent historiography often emphasizes how the inevitability of the authoritarian turn of Twenties and Thirties, which led to the Second World War, has often been exaggerated by historians and that different paths could have been undertaken.
KW  - France
KW  - Germany
KW  - Treaty of Versailles
KW  - First World War
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1412/82730
SN  - 1120-9526
VL  - 19
SP  - 47
EP  - 58
PB  - Società editrice il Mulino
CY  - Bologna
ER  -