TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorum, Tolga
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - van Westen, Cees J.
A1  - van der Meijde, Mark
A1  - Xu, Chong
A1  - van der Meer, Freek D.
T1  - Why so few? Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali earthquake, Alaska
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - The 2002 M-w 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska, provides an unparalleled opportunity to investigate in quantitative detail the regional hillslope mass-wasting response to strong seismic shaking in glacierized terrain. We present the first detailed inventory of similar to 1580 coseismic slope failures, out of which some 20% occurred above large valley glaciers, based on mapping from multi-temporal remote sensing data. We find that the Denali earthquake produced at least one order of magnitude fewer landslides in a much narrower corridor along the fault ruptures than empirical predictions for an M 8 earthquake would suggest, despite the availability of sufficiently steep and dissected mountainous topography prone to frequent slope failure. In order to explore potential controls on the reduced extent of regional coseismic landsliding we compare our data with inventories that we compiled for two recent earthquakes in periglacial and formerly glaciated terrain, i.e. at Yushu, Tibet (M-w 6.9, 2010), and Aysen Fjord, Chile (2007 M-w 6.2). Fault movement during these events was, similarly to that of the Denali earthquake, dominated by strike-slip offsets along near-vertical faults. Our comparison returns very similar coseismic landslide patterns that are consistent with the idea that fault type, geometry, and dynamic rupture process rather than widespread glacier cover were among the first-order controls on regional hillslope erosional response in these earthquakes. We conclude that estimating the amount of coseismic hillslope sediment input to the sediment cascade from earthquake magnitude alone remains highly problematic, particularly if glacierized terrain is involved. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Glacial
KW  - Sediment cascade
KW  - Denali
KW  - Alaska
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.032
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 95
SP  - 80
EP  - 94
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uhlmann, Manuela
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Huggel, Christian
A1  - Fischer, Luzia
A1  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
T1  - Supra-glacial deposition and flux of catastrophic rock-slope failure debris, south-central Alaska
JF  - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group
N2  - The ongoing debate over the effects of global environmental change on Earth's cryosphere calls for detailed knowledge about process rates and their variability in cold environments. In this context, appraisals of the coupling between glacier dynamics and para-glacial erosion rates in tectonically active mountains remain rare. We contribute to filling this knowledge gap and present an unprecedented regional-scale inventory of supra-glacial sediment flux and hillslope erosion rates inferred from an analysis of 123 large (> 0 center dot 1km2) catastrophic bedrock landslides that fell onto glaciers in the Chugach Mountains, Alaska, as documented by satellite images obtained between 1972 to 2008. Assuming these supra-glacial landslide deposits to be passive strain markers we infer minimum decadal-scale sediment yields of 190 to 7400tkm-2yr-1 for a given glacier-surface cross-section impacted by episodic rock-slope failure. These rates compare to reported fluvial sediment yields in many mountain rivers, but are an order of magnitude below the extreme sediment yields measured at the snouts of Alaskan glaciers, indicating that the bulk of debris discharged derives from en-glacial, sub-glacial or ice-proximal sources. We estimate an average minimum para-glacial erosion rate by large, episodic rock-slope failures at 0 center dot 5-0 center dot 7mmyr-1 in the Chugach Mountains over a 50-yr period, with earthquakes likely being responsible for up to 73% of this rate. Though ranking amongst the highest decadal landslide erosion rates for this size of study area worldwide, our inferred rates of hillslope erosion in the Chugach Mountains remain an order of magnitude below the pace of extremely rapid glacial sediment export and glacio-isostatic surface uplift previously reported from the region.
KW  - glacier
KW  - landslide
KW  - erosion rate
KW  - sediment yield
KW  - Alaska
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3311
SN  - 0197-9337
VL  - 38
IS  - 7
SP  - 675
EP  - 682
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -