TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Graeber, Daniel
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Seebauer, Johannes
T1  - Pandemic depression
BT  - COVID-19 and the mental health of the self-employed
JF  - Entrepreneurship theory and practice
N2  - We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.
KW  - self-employment
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - mental health
KW  - gender
KW  - representative longitudinal survey data
KW  - PHQ-4 score
KW  - resilience
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102106
SN  - 1042-2587
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SP  - 788
EP  - 830
PB  - SAGE Publishing
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Graeber, Daniel
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Seebauer, Johannes
T1  - Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
T2  - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2  - We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.
T3  - CEPA Discussion Papers - 46 
KW  - self-employment
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - mental health
KW  - gender
KW  - representative longitudinal survey data
KW  - PHQ-4 score
KW  - resilience
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548999
SN  - 2628-653X
IS  - 46
ER  -