TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - The effect of expert recommendations on intergovernmental decision-making
BT  - North Korea, Iran, and non-proliferation sanctions in the Security Council
JF  - International relations : the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
N2  - The article explores whether and to what extent expert recommendations affect decision-making within the Security Council and its North Korea and Iran sanctions regimes. The article first develops a rationalist theoretical argument to show why making many second-stage decisions, such as determining lists of items under export restrictions, subjects Security Council members to repeating coordination situations. Expert recommendations may provide focal point solutions to coordination problems, even when interests diverge and preferences remain stable. Empirically, the article first explores whether expert recommendations affected decision-making on commodity sanctions imposed on North Korea. Council members heavily relied on recommended export trigger lists as focal points, solving a divisive conflict among great powers. Second, the article explores whether expert recommendations affected the designation of sanctions violators in the Iran sanctions regime. Council members designated individuals and entities following expert recommendations as focal points, despite conflicting interests among great powers. The article concludes that expert recommendations are an additional means of influence in Security Council decision-making and seem relevant for second-stage decision-making among great powers in other international organisations.
KW  - decision-making
KW  - expert recommendations
KW  - international organisation
KW  - rationalism
KW  - sanctions
KW  - Security Council
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178211033941
SN  - 0047-1178
SN  - 1741-2862
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 237
EP  - 261
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Crozet, Matthieu
A1  - Hinz, Julian
A1  - Stammann, Amrei
A1  - Wanner, Joschka
T1  - Worth the pain?
BT  - firms’ exporting behaviour to countries under sanctions
JF  - European economic review
N2  - How do exporting firms react to sanctions? Specifically, which firms are willing — or capable — to serve the market of a sanctioned country? We investigate this question for four sanctions episodes using monthly data on the universe of French exporting firms. We draw on recent econometric advances in the estimation of dynamic fixed effects binary choice models. We find that the introduction of new sanctions in Iran and Russia significantly lowered firm-level probabilities of serving these sanctioned markets, while the (temporary) lifting of the U.S. sanctions on Cuba and the removal of sanctions against Myanmar had no or only small trade-inducing effects, respectively. Additionally, the impact of sanctions is very heterogeneous along firm dimensions and by case particularities. Firms that depend more on trade finance instruments are more strongly affected, while prior experience in the sanctioned country considerably softens the blow of sanctions, and firms can be partly immune to the sanctions effect if they are specialized in serving “crisis countries”. Finally, we find suggestive evidence for sanctions avoidance by exporting indirectly via neighboring countries.
KW  - sanctions
KW  - trade
KW  - foreign policy
KW  - extensive margin
KW  - firm behaviour
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103683
SN  - 0014-2921
SN  - 1873-572X
VL  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Mahlstedt, Robert
A1  - van den Berg, Gerard J.
A1  - Vikström, Johan
T1  - Side effects of labor market policies
JF  - The Scandinavian journal of economics
N2  - Labor market policies, such as training and sanctions, are commonly used to bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, exposure to these tools can have side effects. We study the effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market outcomes, drug prescriptions, and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. Training improves cardiovascular and mental health, and lowers sickness absence. This is likely to be the result of the instantaneous features of participation, such as the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine, rather than improved employment prospects. Benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health.
KW  - Cardiovascular disease
KW  - depression
KW  - drugs
KW  - health
KW  - mental health
KW  - prescriptions
KW  - sanctions
KW  - sickness
KW  - training
KW  - unemployment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12514
SN  - 0347-0520
SN  - 1467-9442
N1  - The authors thank Anders Forslund, Markus Gehrsitz, Aderonke Osikominu, Ulrika Vikman, two anonymous reviewers, and participants at conferences and workshops in Lyon, Nuremberg, Bath, Leipzig, and Basel, and at seminars in Copenhagen, Potsdam, Hamburg, and Uppsala for valuable comments. M. Caliendo gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, 405629508). J. Vikström acknowledges support from FORTE (2015-00971).
VL  - 125
IS  - 2
SP  - 339
EP  - 375
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  -