TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
A1  - Marchewka, Juliette
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Does question format matter in assessing the prevalence of sexual aggression?
BT  - A methodological study
JF  - The journal of sex research
N2  - As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed.
KW  - self-report measures
KW  - experiences survey
KW  - risk-factors
KW  - victimization
KW  - rape
KW  - assault
KW  - women
KW  - perpetration
KW  - reliability
KW  - responses
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1777927
SN  - 0022-4499
SN  - 1559-8519
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
SP  - 502
EP  - 511
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mugele, Hendrick
A1  - Plummer, Ashley
A1  - Steffen, Kathrin
A1  - Stoll, Josefine
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Müller, Juliane
T1  - General versus sports-specific injury prevention programs in athletes
BT  - A systematic review on the effect on injury rates
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Introduction

Annually, 2 million sports-related injuries are reported in Germany of which athletes contribute to a large proportion. Multiple sport injury prevention programs designed to decrease acute and overuse injuries in athletes have been proven effective. Yet, the programs’ components, general or sports-specific, that led to these positive effects are uncertain. Despite not knowing about the superiority of sports-specific injury prevention programs, coaches and athletes alike prefer more specialized rather than generalized exercise programs. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to present the available evidence on how general and sports-specific prevention programs affect injury rates in athletes.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science were electronically searched throughout April 2018. The inclusion criteria were publication dates Jan 2006–Dec 2017, athletes (11–45 years), exercise-based injury prevention programs and injury incidence. The methodological quality was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tools.

Results

Of the initial 6619 findings, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, 13 studies were added from reference lists and external sources making a total of 28 studies. Of which, one used sports-specific, seven general and 20 mixed prevention strategies. Twenty-four studies revealed reduced injury rates. Of the four ineffective programs, one was general and three mixed.

Conclusion

The general and mixed programs positively affect injury rates. Sports-specific programs are uninvestigated and despite wide discussion regarding the definition, no consensus was reached. Defining such terminology and investigating the true effectiveness of such IPPs is a potential avenue for future research.
KW  - randomized-controlled-trial
KW  - cruciate ligament injury
KW  - amateur soccer players
KW  - hamstring injuries
KW  - training-program
KW  - exercise program
KW  - adolescent sport
KW  - youth football
KW  - team handball
KW  - risk-factors
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205635
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Public Library of Science
CY  - San Francisco
ER  -