TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rybski, Diego
A1  - Reusser, Dominik Edwin
A1  - Winz, Anna-Lena
A1  - Fichtner, Christina
A1  - Sterzel, Till
A1  - Kropp, Jürgen
T1  - Cities as nuclei of sustainability?
JF  - Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science
N2  - We have assembled CO2 emission figures from collections of urban GHG emission estimates published in peer-reviewed journals or reports from research institutes and non-governmental organizations. Analyzing the scaling with population size, we find that the exponent is development dependent with a transition from super- to sub-linear scaling. From the climate change mitigation point of view, the results suggest that urbanization is desirable in developed countries. Further, we compare this analysis with a second scaling relation, namely the fundamental allometry between city population and area, and propose that density might be a decisive quantity too. Last, we derive the theoretical country-wide urban emissions by integration and obtain a dependence on the size of the largest city.
KW  - Scaling
KW  - cities
KW  - climate change
KW  - development process
KW  - allometry
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813516638340
SN  - 2399-8083
SN  - 2399-8091
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 425
EP  - 440
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baroni, Gabriele
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
T1  - A scaling approach for the assessment of biomass changes and rainfall interception using cosmic-ray neutron sensing
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - Cosmic-Ray neutron sensing (CRS) is a unique approach to measure soil moisture at field scale filling the gap of current methodologies. However, CRS signal is affected by all the hydrogen pools on the land surface and understanding their relative importance plays an important role for the application of the method e.g., validation of remote sensing products and data assimilation. In this study, a soil moisture scaling approach is proposed to estimate directly the correct CRS soil moisture based on the soil moisture profile measured at least in one position within the field. The approach has the advantage to avoid the need to introduce one correction for each hydrogen contribution and to estimate indirectly all the related time-varying hydrogen pools. Based on the data collected in three crop seasons, the scaling approach shows its ability to identify and to quantify the seasonal biomass water equivalent. Additionally, the analysis conducted at sub-daily time resolution is able to quantify the daily vertical redistribution of the water biomass and the rainfall interception, showing promising applications of the CRS method also for these types of measurements. Overall, the study underlines how not only soil moisture but all the specific hydrological processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum should be considered for a proper evaluation of the CRS signal. For this scope, the scaling approach reveals to be a simple and pragmatic analysis that can be easily extended to other experimental sites. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Cosmic-ray
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Interception
KW  - Biomass water
KW  - Agricultural field
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.053
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 525
SP  - 264
EP  - 276
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -