TY - JOUR A1 - Greil, Holle T1 - Patterns of sexual dimorphism from birth to senescence JF - Collegium antropologicum N2 - Sexual dimorphism is expressed as median of the female values in percent of the median of the male values, of 4 length measurements, 3 circumferences, and 5 measurements of corpulence respectively fat. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of more than 41.000 German subjects, aged from birth to age 62. The pattern of sexual dimorphism is similar in the length measurements. Girls are shorter at birth, but they increase in length at higher rates than boys and even temporarily overgrow the boys up to age 12. Thereafter, males show an obvious growth advantage leading to some 6 to 9% more length in adult males. In contrast, female circumferences are always smaller, from birth to senescence. Though, the differences between the sexes are low in circumferences, up to age 13, sexual dimorphism increases to 17% in the thoracic circumference at adulthood. Sexual dimorphism in weight and BMI is comparably with that in length measurements while subcutaneous fat and total body fat content are always higher in females. The results highlight that sexual dimorphism develops at different pace in the various components of the body and that it associates with a sex specific growth tempo. KW - sexual dimorphism KW - biological age KW - growth-age KW - adulthood Y1 - 2006 SN - 0350-6134 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 637 EP - 641 PB - Institute for Anthropological Research CY - Zagreb ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rentzsch, Katrin A1 - Schröder-Abe, Michela T1 - Stability and change in domain-specific Self-esteem and global self-esteem JF - European journal of personality N2 - A notable uptick of interest in the stability of self-esteem has been observed over the past few years. Most researchers, however, have focused on unidimensional rather than multidimensional conceptualizations of self-esteem. The paucity of empirical research is surprising given conflicting theoretical perspectives on the stability of self-esteem. The goal of the present study was to thoroughly disentangle different conceptualizations of self-esteem and test opposing classical theories on (i) the stability and (ii) the direction of mutual influence of these different forms of self-esteem. We analysed two-year longitudinal data from participants (N=644 at T1, N=241 at T2) with an average age of 47.0years (SD=12.4). Analyses using a latent variable approach revealed that the domains of self-esteem were relatively stable in terms of rank order and mean levels. In fact, the size of the stability coefficients was comparable to that of other trait measures that have been reported in the literature and paralleled the stability observed for global self-esteem. Results did not provide support for either top-down or bottom-up effects between domain-specific and global self-esteem. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications regarding the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of self-esteem in personality theory. (c) 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology KW - self-esteem KW - stability KW - multidimensional KW - domain specific KW - adulthood Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2167 SN - 0890-2070 SN - 1099-0984 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 370 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rentzsch, Katrin A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Top down or bottom up? BT - evidence from the longitudinal development of global and domain-specific self-esteem in adulthood JF - Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association N2 - Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory. KW - self-esteem KW - domain-specific KW - top-down and bottom-up KW - stability KW - adulthood Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000393 SN - 0022-3514 SN - 1939-1315 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 714 EP - 730 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER -