TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sinn, Petra
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - Small saccades versus microsaccades: Experimental distinction and model-based unification
JF  - Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.
N2  - Natural vision is characterized by alternating sequences of rapid gaze shifts (saccades) and fixations. During fixations, microsaccades and slower drift movements occur spontaneously, so that the eye is never motionless. Theoretical models of fixational eye movements predict that microsaccades are dynamically coupled to slower drift movements generated immediately before microsaccades, which might be used as a criterion to distinguish microsaccades from small voluntary saccades. Here we investigate a sequential scanning task, where participants generate goal-directed saccades and microsaccades with overlapping amplitude distributions. We show that properties of microsaccades are correlated with precursory drift motion, while amplitudes of goal-directed saccades do not dependent on previous drift epochs. We develop and test a mathematical model that integrates goal-directed and fixational eye movements, including microsaccades. Using model simulations, we reproduce the experimental finding of correlations within fixational eye movement components (i.e., between physiological drift and microsaccades) but not between goal-directed saccades and fixational drift motion. These results lend support to a functional difference between microsaccades and goal-directed saccades, while, at the same time, both types of behavior may be part of an oculomotor continuum that is quantitatively described by our mathematical model. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Visual fixation
KW  - Microsaccades
KW  - Mathematical model
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.05.012
SN  - 0042-6989
SN  - 1878-5646
VL  - 118
SP  - 132
EP  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Elke B.
A1  - Zweck, Fabian
A1  - Sinn, Petra
T1  - Microsaccade-rate indicates absorption by music listening
JF  - Consciousness and cognition
N2  - The power of music is a literary topos, which can be attributed to intense and personally significant experiences, one of them being the state of absorption. Such phenomenal states are difficult to grasp objectively. We investigated the state of musical absorption by using eye tracking. We utilized a load related definition of state absorption: multimodal resources are committed to create a unified representation of music. Resource allocation was measured indirectly by microsaccade rate, known to indicate cognitive processing load. We showed in Exp. 1 that microsaccade rate also indicates state absorption. Hence, there is cross-modal coupling between an auditory aesthetic experience and fixational eye movements. When removing the fixational stimulus in Exp. 2, saccades are no longer generated upon visual input and the cross modal coupling disappeared. Results are interpreted in favor of the load hypothesis of micro saccade rate and against the assumption of general slowing by state absorption.
KW  - Microsaccades
KW  - Fixational eye movements
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Music
KW  - Aesthetics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.07.009
SN  - 1053-8100
SN  - 1090-2376
VL  - 55
SP  - 59
EP  - 78
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -