TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate A1 - Bieneck, Steffen T1 - Men's reports of nonconsensual sexual interactions with women Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate T1 - Sexual scripts in adolescence N2 - To explore the sexual scripts of adolescents, 131 10th and 11th graders generated descriptions of three scripts for sexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner attributed to adolescents in general; (2) the script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner endorsed by themselves individually; (3) the script for a nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Normative acceptance of risk elements of sexual interactions and acceptance of physical force to obtain sexual intercourse with a non-consenting partner were also measured. The results showed that the individual and general scripts for consensual sexual interactions reflected traditional gender roles. The script for the nonconsensual intercourse was based on the <> stereotype. Compared to the general scripts for the age group as a whole, individual scripts were more conservative, containing fewer risk elements. Normative acceptance of risk elements predicted the extent to which risk elements were part of the general and individual scripts. In addition, acceptance of physical force predicted the risk elements of the individual scripts Y1 - 2004 SN - 0044-3514 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective N2 - This paper reviews the international literature on intimate partner violence with a focus on gender differences in perpetration and victimization rates. A total of 35 studies from 21 countries are discussed that report prevalence or incidence rates of men's and women's involvement in physical and/or sexual aggression against an intimate partner. In addition, evidence on risk factors as well as consequences of intimate partner violence for men and women is presented. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies and the lack of comparable databases within countries are discussed as limitations of the evidence, and perspectives for future research are outlined in the framework of cross-cultural psychology Y1 - 2005 SN - 0360-0025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Möller, Ingrid T1 - Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen T1 - The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior JF - Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society N2 - Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x SN - 0021-9029 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery is there a double standard? JF - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence N2 - Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases. KW - criminology KW - leniency bias KW - rape KW - robbery KW - victim blame Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510372945 SN - 0886-2605 VL - 26 IS - 9 SP - 1785 EP - 1797 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bieneck, Steffen A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery: is there a double standard? N2 - Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 365 KW - criminology KW - leniency bias KW - rape KW - robbery KW - victim blame Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402907 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bieneck, Steffen T1 - Soziale Informationsverarbeitung in der juristischen Urteilsfindung : experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ankerheuristik T1 - Social information processing and legal decision making : experimental studies on anchoring and adjustment N2 - Heuristiken der Urteilsbildung umfassen bottom-up bzw. schemagesteuerte Strategien innerhalb der sozialen Informationsverarbeitung, mit deren Hilfe trotz unsicherer Datenlage hinreichend genaue Urteile gefällt werden können. Die Anker- und Anpassungsheuristik als eine Form solcher Faustregeln beschreibt im Wesentlichen die Wirkung von vorgegebenen Zahlen (den so genannten Ankerwerten) auf numerische Schätzungen. Urteile unter Unsicherheit sind zum Beispiel im Bereich der Rechtsprechung zu beobachten, wobei die Entscheidungsprozesse hier eher normativ auf der Basis der vorliegenden Informationen, d.h. einer datengesteuerten Verarbeitung, erfolgen sollten. In einer Serie von drei Experimenten wurde die Ankerheuristik auf den Bereich der Rechtsprechung übertragen. Mit Hilfe der Vignettentechnik wurden N = 229 Rechtsreferendare sowie N = 600 Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften zu ihrem Strafverhalten befragt. Im Mittelpunkt standen drei Zielsetzungen: (1) die Replikation und Erweiterung der Ankereffekts in Bezug auf eine größere Gruppe von Deliktarten; (2) die Analyse individueller Unterschiede in der Ankernutzung unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Persönlichkeitsvariablen (Need for Cognition und Need for Cognitive Closure) sowie (3) die Anregung zu verstärkter systematischer Informationsverarbeitung durch die Indizierung einer Genauigkeitsmotivation. Der Ankereffekt in der juristischen Urteilsfindung konnte für die verschiedenen Deliktgruppen repliziert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene Schwere der geschilderten Taten mit dem Strafmaß korrelierte. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde durch die Einführung von Ankerwerten deutlich reduziert. Entgegen den bisherigen Untersuchungen war zwar auch bei den Rechtsreferendaren ein Ankereffekt zu beobachten, der jedoch geringer ausfiel als bei den Studierenden der Rechtswissenschaften. Im Hinblick auf die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale konnte die Erwartung bestätigt werden, dass ein geringes Kognitionsbedürfnis sowie ein hohes Geschlossenheitsbedürfnis mit höherer Anfälligkeit für die Ankerheuristik einhergehen. Die Erzeugung eines Rechtfertigungsdrucks dagegen veranlasste die Probanden, sich intensiver mit den Materialien zu beschäftigen und eher datengeleitet vorzugehen. Implikationen für die juristische Praxis werden diskutiert. N2 - Decisions are usually based on beliefs about the likelihood that an uncertain event will occur (i.e., the results of an election or the liability of the accused). In estimating the likelihood of those events people often revert to heuristics as a theory-driven processing strategy in order to reduce the effort of the decision-making process. On the one hand heuristics might be quite helpful in controlling information processing; on the other hand they can lead to systematic biases in judgments. Anchoring and adjustment describe a judgmental heuristic, where individuals gauge numerical size by starting from an initial arbitrary or irrelevant value (an anchor) and adjusting it during the subsequent course of judgment to arrive at their final judgment. However, the adjustment of the judgment typically remains insufficient, thus leading to judgments that are biased in the direction of the starting value. The concept of judgmental heuristics can be applied to legal decision making. Legal decision-making is normatively defined as data-driven, which means that judgements about the culpability of a defendant need to be corroborated by evidence specific to the case at hand. Individuals involved in this process are required to assess the evidence without being affected by personal feelings and beliefs or by extraneous evidence. A series of three experiments tested the impact of anchoring and adjustment on legal decision making. Using the vignette technique, N = 229 junior barristers and N = 600 law students evaluated scenarios describing criminal offences. Apart from replicating the anchoring effect in different samples, the studies explored the impact of individual differences in personality variables (need for cognition and cognitive closure) on the anchoring effect. Further, a strategy to promote data-driven processing by inducing an accuracy motivation was evaluated. The results clearly indicate an anchoring effect in legal decision-making. The results showed a strong correlation between the perceived severity of the cases and the recommended sentence. This correlation was significantly reduced when an anchor was introduced. In contrast to previous studies, junior barristers showed a less extreme bias in their judgments compared to law students. In terms of individual differences regarding the readiness to engage in elaborate information processing the results showed a higher susceptibility for the anchoring information when need for cognition was low and need for cognitive closure was high. Introducing an accuracy motivation prompted the participants to engage in more data-driven processing, thus reducing the anchoring effect. The implications for social cognition research and legal practice are discussed. KW - Soziale Wahrnehmung KW - Heuristik KW - Angewandte Sozialpsychologie KW - Rechtspsychologie KW - Urteilsfindung KW - social cognition KW - legal decision making KW - applied social psychology KW - heuristics Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7843 ER -