TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Niklas K. A1 - Helbig, Kerstin A1 - Biernacka, Katarzyna A1 - Buchholz, Petra A1 - Dolzycka, Dominika A1 - Hartmann, Thomas A1 - Hiemenz, Bea A1 - Jacob, Boris A1 - Kuberek, Monika A1 - Weiß, Nadin A1 - Dreyer, Malte T1 - Lösungen und Leitfäden für das institutionelle Forschungsdatenmanagement JF - o-bib Das offene Bibliotheksjournal N2 - Hochschulen und deren Zentraleinrichtungen beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit dem Thema Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM), um ihre Forschenden adäquat zu unterstützen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund neuer Verlags- und Förderanforderungen wünschen sich Forschende Beratung und Orientierung, wie sie mit ihren Forschungsdaten umgehen sollen. Damit Hochschulen schnell und nachhaltig Lösungen zum institutionellen FDM etablieren können, haben fünf Berliner und Brandenburger Universitäten im gemeinsamen Verbundvorhaben FDMentor mit Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) entsprechende Leitfäden und Werkzeuge erarbeitet. Die innerhalb von zwei Jahren (2017–2019) entstandenen Ergebnisse in den Bereichen Strategieentwicklung, Forschungsdaten-Policy, rechtliche Aspekte und Kompetenzausbau finden über das Verbundprojekt hinaus ihre Anwendung. N2 - Universities and their central units are increasingly concerned with research data management (RDM) in order to adequately support their researchers. Not least because of new publishing and funding policies, researchers seek advice and guidance on how to handle their research data. To enable universities to quickly and sustainably establish institutional RDM solutions, five universities from Berlin and Brandenburg have developed guidelines and tools in the joint project FDMentor funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The results achieved over a period of two years (2017–2019) in the areas of strategy development, research data policy, legal aspects and competence enhancement are applied beyond the project partners. KW - Forschungsdatenmanagement KW - Strategieentwicklung KW - Forschungsdaten-Policy KW - Train-the-Trainer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472370 SN - 2363-9814 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 21 EP - 39 PB - VDB - Verein Deutscher Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare e.V. CY - Erlangen ER - TY - THES A1 - Pilarczyk, Paulina T1 - Der Einsatz lateinamerikanischer Telenovelas im Spanischunterricht am Beispiel von Yo soy Betty, la fea T1 - The use of Latin American telenovelas in Spanish language teaching on the example of Yo soy Betty, la fea N2 - Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Potenzial lateinamerikanischer Telenovelas als audiovisuelle Medien für den Fremdsprachenunterricht Spanisch und deren Eignung für die Förderung der funktionalen kommunikativen Kompetenz, der interkulturellen kommunikativen Kompetenz und der Medienkompetenz aufzuzeigen. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung liegt dabei im lateinamerikanischen Spanisch und der lateinamerikanischen Kultur. Zu diesem Zweck werden ausgewählte Szenen aus der weltweit populärsten kolumbianischen Telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea analysiert. Es werden zwei Szenen aus dem Arbeitsleben und zwei Szenen aus dem Privatleben in Hinblick auf die funktionale kommunikative Kompetenz untersucht. Des Weiteren werden die kulturellen Elemente in dieser Telenovela während der Analyse geschildert. Schließlich wird die Telenovela mit dem Fokus auf die Medienkompetenz, daher auf die Eigenschaften und Konventionen des Genres Telenovela, hin untersucht. N2 - The aim of this work is to explore the potential of Latin American telenovelas as audiovisual media for the purpose of teaching Spanish as a foreign language. Especially, the focus lies on their suitability for the development of speaking, writing, reading and listening skills by the learners, as well as the intercultural communicative competence and media literacy. KW - Telenovela KW - ELE KW - Spanisch als Fremdsprache KW - telenovela KW - ELE KW - teaching Spanish as a foreign language Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Abbas, Ioana M. A1 - Vranic, Marija A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - El-Khatib, Ahmed H. A1 - Montes-Bayón, María A1 - Möller, Heiko Michael A1 - Weller, Michael G. T1 - Investigations of the Copper Peptide Hepcidin-25 by LC-MS/MS and NMR⁺ T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Hepcidin-25 was identified as themain iron regulator in the human body, and it by binds to the sole iron-exporter ferroportin. Studies showed that the N-terminus of hepcidin is responsible for this interaction, the same N-terminus that encompasses a small copper(II) binding site known as the ATCUN (amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding) motif. Interestingly, this copper-binding property is largely ignored in most papers dealing with hepcidin-25. In this context, detailed investigations of the complex formed between hepcidin-25 and copper could reveal insight into its biological role. The present work focuses on metal-bound hepcidin-25 that can be considered the biologically active form. The first part is devoted to the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of copper-bound and copper-free hepcidin-25 achieved by applying basic mobile phases containing 0.1% ammonia. Further, mass spectrometry (tandemmass spectrometry (MS/MS), high-resolutionmass spectrometry (HRMS)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the copper-peptide. Lastly, a three-dimensional (3D)model of hepcidin-25with bound copper(II) is presented. The identification of metal complexes and potential isoforms and isomers, from which the latter usually are left undetected by mass spectrometry, led to the conclusion that complementary analytical methods are needed to characterize a peptide calibrant or referencematerial comprehensively. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and chiral amino acid analysis (AAA) should be considered among others. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 701 KW - hepcidin-25 KW - copper KW - nickel KW - copper complex KW - ATCUN motif KW - metal complex KW - MS KW - NMR structure KW - metal peptide KW - metalloprotein KW - metallopeptide KW - isomerization KW - racemization KW - purity KW - reference material Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427926 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 701 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sultanow, Eldar A1 - Koch, Christian A1 - Cox, Sean T1 - Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory N2 - The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequence’s "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole. KW - Collatz KW - Cayley Graph KW - Free Group KW - Reachability Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437416 ET - 2nd version ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sultanow, Eldar A1 - Koch, Christian A1 - Cox, Sean T1 - Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory N2 - The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequences "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole. KW - Collatz KW - Cayley Graph KW - Free Group KW - Reachability Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430089 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kayhan Wagner, Ezgi A1 - Meyer, Marlene A1 - O’Reilly, J.X. A1 - Hunnius, Sabine A1 - Bekkering, Harold T1 - Nine-month-old infants update their predictive models of a changing environment T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 577 KW - Internal models KW - Predictive models KW - Predictive processing KW - Development KW - Event-Related potentials Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437844 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 577 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - Adolescents’ Psychological Consequences and Cyber Victimization BT - The Moderation of School-Belongingness and Ethnicity T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Cyber victimization research reveals various personal and contextual correlations and negative consequences associated with this experience. Despite increasing attention on cyber victimization, few studies have examined such experiences among ethnic minority adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of ethnicity in the longitudinal associations among cyber victimization, school-belongingness, and psychological consequences (i.e., depression, loneliness, anxiety). These associations were investigated among 416 Latinx and white adolescents (46% female; M age = 13.89, SD = 0.41) from one middle school in the United States. They answered questionnaires on cyber victimization, school belongingness, depression, loneliness, and anxiety in the 7th grade (Time 1). One year later, in the 8th grade (Time 2), they completed questionnaires on depression, loneliness, and anxiety. Low levels of school-belongingness strengthened the positive relationships between cyber victimization and Time 2 depression and anxiety, especially among Latinx adolescents. The positive association between cyber victimization and Time 2 loneliness was strengthened for low levels of school-belongingness for all adolescents. These findings may indicate that cyber victimization threatens adolescents’ school-belongingness, which has implications for their emotional adjustment. Such findings underscore the importance of considering diverse populations when examining cyber victimization. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 578 KW - cyberbullying KW - cyber victimization KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - loneliness KW - Latinx KW - Latino KW - adolescents KW - ethnic KW - ethnic differences Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437868 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 578 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Eckart T1 - The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994 JF - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438633 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 24 IS - 1/2 SP - 5 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welke, Lisa-Marie A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Pilotfragebogenstudie zur praktischen Umsetzung und Koordination des Trachealkanülen-Managements in Berlin und Brandenburg JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437780 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 115 EP - 129 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krug, Ragna A1 - Stübner, Hanna A1 - Hoffmann, Sophie A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Die Behandlung dysprosodischer Symptome bei Sprechapraxie BT - Eine Einzelfallstudie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437808 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Salis, Christos A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Transfereffekte nach Arbeitsgedächtnistraining bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437799 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Nikaj, Adriatik T1 - Restful choreographies T1 - REST-Choreografien N2 - Business process management has become a key instrument to organize work as many companies represent their operations in business process models. Recently, business process choreography diagrams have been introduced as part of the Business Process Model and Notation standard to represent interactions between business processes, run by different partners. When it comes to the interactions between services on the Web, Representational State Transfer (REST) is one of the primary architectural styles employed by web services today. Ideally, the RESTful interactions between participants should implement the interactions defined at the business choreography level. The problem, however, is the conceptual gap between the business process choreography diagrams and RESTful interactions. Choreography diagrams, on the one hand, are modeled from business domain experts with the purpose of capturing, communicating and, ideally, driving the business interactions. RESTful interactions, on the other hand, depend on RESTful interfaces that are designed by web engineers with the purpose of facilitating the interaction between participants on the internet. In most cases however, business domain experts are unaware of the technology behind web service interfaces and web engineers tend to overlook the overall business goals of web services. While there is considerable work on using process models during process implementation, there is little work on using choreography models to implement interactions between business processes. This thesis addresses this research gap by raising the following research question: How to close the conceptual gap between business process choreographies and RESTful interactions? This thesis offers several research contributions that jointly answer the research question. The main research contribution is the design of a language that captures RESTful interactions between participants---RESTful choreography modeling language. Formal completeness properties (with respect to REST) are introduced to validate its instances, called RESTful choreographies. A systematic semi-automatic method for deriving RESTful choreographies from business process choreographies is proposed. The method employs natural language processing techniques to translate business interactions into RESTful interactions. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by developing a prototypical tool that evaluates the derivation method over a large number of choreography models. In addition, the thesis proposes solutions towards implementing RESTful choreographies. In particular, two RESTful service specifications are introduced for aiding, respectively, the execution of choreographies' exclusive gateways and the guidance of RESTful interactions. N2 - Das Prozessmanagement hat sich zu einer wichtigen Methode zur Organisation von Arbeitsabläufen entwickelt, sodass viele Unternehmen ihre Tätigkeiten mittlerweile in Prozessmodellen darstellen. Unlängst wurden zudem im Kontext der Business Process Model and Notation Choreographiediagramme eingeführt, um Interaktionen zwischen Prozessen verschiedener Partner zu beschreiben. Im Web nutzen interagierende Dienste heutzutage den Representational State Transfer (REST) als primären Architekturstil. Idealerweise implementieren die REST-Interaktionen der Dienste also die Interaktionen, die im Choreographiediagramm definiert wurden. Allerdings besteht zwischen Choreographiediagrammen und RESTInteraktionen eine konzeptuelle Diskrepanz. Auf der einen Seite werden Choreographiediagramme von Domänenexperten mit dem Ziel modelliert, die Interaktionen zu erfassen, zu kommunizieren und, idealerweise, voranzutreiben. Auf der anderen Seite sind REST-Interaktionen abhängig von REST-Schnittstellen, welche von Web-Entwicklern mit dem Ziel entworfen werden, Interaktionen zwischen Diensten im Internet zu erleichtern. In den meisten Fällen sind sich Domänenexperten jedoch der Technologien, die Web-Schnittstellen zu Grunde liegen, nicht bewusst, wohingegenWeb-Entwickler die Unternehmensziele der Web-Dienste nicht kennen. Während es umfangreiche Arbeiten zur Implementierung von Prozessmodellen gibt, existieren nur wenige Untersuchungen zur Implementierung von interagierenden Prozessen auf Basis von Choreographiemodellen. Die vorliegende Dissertation adressiert diese Forschungslücke, indem sie die folgende Forschungsfrage aufwirft: Wie kann die konzeptuelle Diskrepanz zwischen Choreographiediagrammen und REST-Interaktionen beseitigt werden? Somit enthält diese Arbeit mehrere Forschungsbeiträge, um diese Frage zu adressieren. Der primäre Beitrag besteht in dem Design einer Modellierungssprache, um REST-Interaktionen zwischen Diensten zu erfassen—der RESTful Choreography Modeling Language. Formale Vollständigkeitseigenschaften (in Bezug auf REST) werden eingeführt, um Instanzen dieser Modelle, sogennante REST-Choreographien, zu validieren. Ferner wird eine systematische, halb-automatische Methode vorgestellt, um RESTChoreographien von Choreographiediagrammen abzuleiten. Diese Methode setzt Techniken des Natural Language Processing ein, um Interaktionen in REST-Interaktionen zu übersetzen. Die Wirksamkeit des Ansatzes wird durch die Entwicklung eines prototypischen Werkzeugs demonstriert, welches die Ableitungsmethode anhand einer großen Anzahl von Choreographiediagrammen evaluiert. Darüber hinaus stellt diese Arbeit Lösungen zur Implementierung von REST-Choreographien bereit. Insbesondere werden zwei REST-Dienstspezifikationen vorgestellt, welche die korrekte Ausführung von exklusiven Gateways eines Choreographiediagramms und die Führung der REST-Interaktionen unterstützen. KW - business process choreographies KW - RESTful interactions KW - Geschäftsprozess-Choreografien KW - REST-Interaktionen Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438903 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Runge, Alexandra A1 - Grosse, Guido T1 - Comparing Spectral Characteristics of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Same-Day Data for Arctic-Boreal Regions T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Arctic-Boreal regions experience strong changes of air temperature and precipitation regimes, which affect the thermal state of the permafrost. This results in widespread permafrost-thaw disturbances, some unfolding slowly and over long periods, others occurring rapidly and abruptly. Despite optical remote sensing offering a variety of techniques to assess and monitor landscape changes, a persistent cloud cover decreases the amount of usable images considerably. However, combining data from multiple platforms promises to increase the number of images drastically. We therefore assess the comparability of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery and the possibility to use both Landsat and Sentinel-2 images together in time series analyses, achieving a temporally-dense data coverage in Arctic-Boreal regions. We determined overlapping same-day acquisitions of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images for three representative study sites in Eastern Siberia. We then compared the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 pixel-pairs, downscaled to 60 m, of corresponding bands and derived the ordinary least squares regression for every band combination. The acquired coefficients were used for spectral bandpass adjustment between the two sensors. The spectral band comparisons showed an overall good fit between Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images already. The ordinary least squares regression analyses underline the generally good spectral fit with intercept values between 0.0031 and 0.056 and slope values between 0.531 and 0.877. A spectral comparison after spectral bandpass adjustment of Sentinel-2 values to Landsat-8 shows a nearly perfect alignment between the same-day images. The spectral band adjustment succeeds in adjusting Sentinel-2 spectral values to Landsat-8 very well in Eastern Siberian Arctic-Boreal landscapes. After spectral adjustment, Landsat and Sentinel-2 data can be used to create temporally-dense time series and be applied to assess permafrost landscape changes in Eastern Siberia. Remaining differences between the sensors can be attributed to several factors including heterogeneous terrain, poor cloud and cloud shadow masking, and mixed pixels. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 767 KW - spectral adjustment KW - northern high latitudes KW - permafrost KW - time series KW - optical data KW - surface reflectance KW - correlation KW - permafrost disturbances KW - land cover change Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438660 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 767 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dahmani, Ismail A1 - Ludwig, Kai A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore T1 - Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1–M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context,M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 768 KW - confocal microscopy KW - influenza KW - lipid membranes KW - membranes KW - protein-protein interactions KW - viral matrix proteins Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438689 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 768 ER - TY - THES A1 - Barquero Pipín, Antonio Carlos T1 - Lengua, cultura, interculturalidad T1 - Sprache, Kultur, Interkulturalität BT - el tratamiento de la competencia pragmática como parte de la competencia comunicativa en los libros de texto de ELE en el ámbito escolar Alemán BT - die Behandlung der pragmatischen Kompetenz als Teil der kommunikativen Kompetenz in SaF-Lehrbüchern im deutschen Schulkontext N2 - Ohne Pragmatik wäre Kommunikation nicht möglich, da wir sprachliche Aussagen nicht interpretieren könnten. Für jeden Lernenden einer Sprache, die er nicht beherrscht, reicht es nicht aus, sprachlich kompetent zu sein, da der Zweck der Kommunikation darin besteht, mit anderen Menschen und in bestimmten Kontexten zu kommunizieren. Nur eine Lehre, die es ermöglicht, Aussagen zur Durchführung von Sprachhandlungen zu erstellen und zu verstehen und die für einen bestimmten Kontext am besten geeigneten auszuwählen, kann sich als effizient erweisen. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit zielt darauf ab, der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft und insbesondere denjenigen, die direkt und indirekt am Unterrichtsprozess beteiligt sind, das Konzept der verbalen Pragmatik bekannt zu machen und es anderen wie Grammatik, Kultur oder Interkulturalität gegenüber zu stellen. Ferner wendet sie sich der Frage zu, wie man auf die Bedeutung und die dringende Notwendigkeit aufmerksam macht, Pragmatik als relevante Disziplin im Kommunikationsprozess zu etablieren; dabei wird insbesondere auf ihre systematische Einbeziehung in Lehrbüchern für Spanisch als Fremdsprache, die für den schulischen Kontext konzipiert wurden, abgestellt. Dazu werden das Vorhandensein pragmatischer Elemente und die Förderung pragmatischer Kompetenz in Lehrbüchern für Anfänger sowie ihre Relevanz bei der Festlegung von Inhalten, Fortschrittsart und Methodik untersucht. N2 - Sin pragmática no sería posible la comunicación, puesto que no podríamos interpretar enunciados lingüísticos. A cualquier aprendiente de una lengua que no domina, no le basta con ser competente lingüísticamente, puesto que su fin es comunicarse con otras personas y en contextos determinados. Solo una enseñanza que facilite la habilidad de producir y comprender enunciados para realizar actos de lengua, seleccionando los más apropiados para un contexto determinado, podrá preciarse de ser eficiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta pretende dar a conocer a la comunidad científica y, en especial, a los y las involucradas directa e indirectamente en el proceso de enseñanza, el concepto de pragmática verbal y contrastarlo con otros como gramática, cultura o interculturalidad, así como concienciarlos de la importancia y de la necesidad imperiosa del establecimiento de la pragmática como disciplina relevante en el proceso comunicativo y, en especial, de su inclusión sistemática y manifiesta en los libros de texto de español como lengua extranjera elaborados para el contexto escolar. Para ello se investiga la presencia de elementos pragmáticos y el fomento de la competencia pragmática en libros de texto para principiantes, por ser estos el material utilizado por excelencia en las escuelas y por su relevancia a la hora de especificar contenidos, tipo de progresión y metodología. KW - pragmática KW - ELE KW - didáctica KW - interculturalidad KW - Pragmatik KW - SaF KW - Fremdsprachendidaktik KW - Interkulturalität KW - pragmática contrastiva KW - lingüística contrastiva KW - kontrastive Pragmatik KW - kontrastive Linguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439023 SN - 978-3-86956-480-7 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Palyulin, Vladimir V A1 - Blackburn, George A1 - Lomholt, Michael A A1 - Watkins, Nicholas W A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Klages, Rainer A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. T1 - First passage and first hitting times of Lévy flights and Lévy walks T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - For both Lévy flight and Lévy walk search processes we analyse the full distribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These are, respectively, the times when the particle moves across a point at some given distance from its initial position for the first time, or when it lands at a given point for the first time. For Lévy motions with their propensity for long relocation events and thus the possibility to jump across a given point in space without actually hitting it ('leapovers'), these two definitions lead to significantly different results. We study the first-passage and first-hitting time distributions as functions of the Lévy stable index, highlighting the different behaviour for the cases when the first absolute moment of the jump length distribution is finite or infinite. In particular we examine the limits of short and long times. Our results will find their application in the mathematical modelling of random search processes as well as computer algorithms. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 785 KW - Lévy flights KW - Lévy walks KW - first-passage time KW - first-hitting time Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439832 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 785 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krah, Markus A1 - Thulin, Mirjam A1 - Faierstein, Morris M. A1 - Drori, Danielle A1 - Coors, Maria A1 - Schramm, Netta A1 - Driver, Cory A1 - Holzman, Gitit A1 - Zuckermann, Ghil‘ad A1 - Fishbane, Eitan P. A1 - Gruenbaum, Caroline A1 - Schirrmeister, Sebastian A1 - Ferrari, Francesco A1 - Stemberger, Günter A1 - Schmölz-Häberlein, Michaela A1 - Müller, Judith A1 - Schulz, Michael Karl A1 - Meyer, Thomas A1 - Artwińska, Anna A1 - Walter, Simon ED - Krah, Markus ED - Thulin, Mirjam ED - Pick, Bianca T1 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture BT - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - PaRDeS, die Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V., erforscht die fruchtbare kulturelle Vielfalt des Judentums sowie ihre Berührungspunkte zur nichtjüdischen Umwelt in unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Daneben dient die Zeitschrift als Forum zur Positionierung der Fächer Jüdische Studien und ­Judaistik innerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses sowie zur Diskussion ihrer historischen und gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung. N2 - PaRDeS, the journal of the German Association for Jewish Studies, aims at exploring the fruitful and multifarious cultures of Judaism as well as their relations to their environment within diverse areas of research. In addition, the journal promotes Jewish Studies within academic discourse and reflects on its historic and social responsibilities. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 25 KW - Jüdische Studien KW - Übersetzungen KW - Bibel KW - Hebräisch KW - Jiddisch KW - Jewish Studies KW - Translations KW - Bible KW - Hebrew KW - Yiddish Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432621 SN - 978-3-86956-468-5 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 25 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ceulemans, Ruben A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Klauschies, Toni A1 - Guill, Christian T1 - The effects of functional diversity on biomass production, variability, and resilience of ecosystem functions in a tritrophic system T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Diverse communities can adjust their trait composition to altered environmental conditions, which may strongly influence their dynamics. Previous studies of trait-based models mainly considered only one or two trophic levels, whereas most natural system are at least tritrophic. Therefore, we investigated how the addition of trait variation to each trophic level influences population and community dynamics in a tritrophic model. Examining the phase relationships between species of adjacent trophic levels informs about the strength of top-down or bottom-up control in non-steadystate situations. Phase relationships within a trophic level highlight compensatory dynamical patterns between functionally different species, which are responsible for dampening the community temporal variability. Furthermore, even without trait variation, our tritrophic model always exhibits regions with two alternative states with either weak or strong nutrient exploitation, and correspondingly low or high biomass production at the top level. However, adding trait variation increased the basin of attraction of the high-production state, and decreased the likelihood of a critical transition from the high- to the lowproduction state with no apparent early warning signals. Hence, our study shows that trait variation enhances resource use efficiency, production, stability, and resilience of entire food webs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 744 KW - early-warning signals KW - top-down control KW - community ecology KW - regime shifts KW - food webs KW - compensatory dynamics KW - consumer diversity KW - metabolic theory KW - rapid evolution KW - stable states Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435439 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 744 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jakobs, Friedrich T1 - Dubrovin–rings and their connection to Hughes–free skew fields of fractions T1 - Dubrovinringe und ihre Verbindung zu Hughes-freien Quotientenschiefkörpern N2 - One method of embedding groups into skew fields was introduced by A. I. Mal'tsev and B. H. Neumann (cf. [18, 19]). If G is an ordered group and F is a skew field, the set F((G)) of formal power series over F in G with well-ordered support forms a skew field into which the group ring F[G] can be embedded. Unfortunately it is not suficient that G is left-ordered since F((G)) is only an F-vector space in this case as there is no natural way to define a multiplication on F((G)). One way to extend the original idea onto left-ordered groups is to examine the endomorphism ring of F((G)) as explored by N. I. Dubrovin (cf. [5, 6]). It is possible to embed any crossed product ring F[G; η, σ] into the endomorphism ring of F((G)) such that each non-zero element of F[G; η, σ] defines an automorphism of F((G)) (cf. [5, 10]). Thus, the rational closure of F[G; η, σ] in the endomorphism ring of F((G)), which we will call the Dubrovin-ring of F[G; η, σ], is a potential candidate for a skew field of fractions of F[G; η, σ]. The methods of N. I. Dubrovin allowed to show that specific classes of groups can be embedded into a skew field. For example, N. I. Dubrovin contrived some special criteria, which are applicable on the universal covering group of SL(2, R). These methods have also been explored by J. Gräter and R. P. Sperner (cf. [10]) as well as N.H. Halimi and T. Ito (cf. [11]). Furthermore, it is of interest to know if skew fields of fractions are unique. For example, left and right Ore domains have unique skew fields of fractions (cf. [2]). This is not the general case as for example the free group with 2 generators can be embedded into non-isomorphic skew fields of fractions (cf. [12]). It seems likely that Ore domains are the most general case for which unique skew fields of fractions exist. One approach to gain uniqueness is to restrict the search to skew fields of fractions with additional properties. I. Hughes has defined skew fields of fractions of crossed product rings F[G; η, σ] with locally indicable G which fulfill a special condition. These are called Hughes-free skew fields of fractions and I. Hughes has proven that they are unique if they exist [13, 14]. This thesis will connect the ideas of N. I. Dubrovin and I. Hughes. The first chapter contains the basic terminology and concepts used in this thesis. We present methods provided by N. I. Dubrovin such as the complexity of elements in rational closures and special properties of endomorphisms of the vector space of formal power series F((G)). To combine the ideas of N.I. Dubrovin and I. Hughes we introduce Conradian left-ordered groups of maximal rank and examine their connection to locally indicable groups. Furthermore we provide notations for crossed product rings, skew fields of fractions as well as Dubrovin-rings and prove some technical statements which are used in later parts. The second chapter focuses on Hughes-free skew fields of fractions and their connection to Dubrovin-rings. For that purpose we introduce series representations to interpret elements of Hughes-free skew fields of fractions as skew formal Laurent series. This 1 Introduction allows us to prove that for Conradian left-ordered groups G of maximal rank the statement "F[G; η, σ] has a Hughes-free skew field of fractions" implies "The Dubrovin ring of F [G; η, σ] is a skew field". We will also prove the reverse and apply the results to give a new prove of Theorem 1 in [13]. Furthermore we will show how to extend injective ring homomorphisms of some crossed product rings onto their Hughes-free skew fields of fractions. At last we will be able to answer the open question whether Hughes--free skew fields are strongly Hughes-free (cf. [17, page 53]). N2 - In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns mit Quotientenschiefkörpern von verschränkten Produkten F [G; η, σ], wobei G eine Gruppe und F ein Schiefkörper ist. Eine Methode Gruppen in Schiefkörper einzubetten stammt von A. I. Mal’tsev und B. H. Neumann. Ist G eine beidseitig geordnete Gruppe, so lässt sich die Menge der formalen Potenzreihen F ((G)) über F in G mit wohlgeordnetem Träger als Schiefkörper interpretieren. In diesen lässt sich jedes verschränkte Produkt F [G; η, σ] einbetten. Möchte man die Klasse der einzubettenden Gruppen erweitern, so bieten sich links–geordnete Gruppen an. In diesem Fall hat F ((G)) keine natürliche Ringstruktur, aber man kann nutzen, dass F ((G)) ein rechter F–Vektorraum ist und seinen Endomorphismenring untersuchen. Jedes Verschränkte Produkt F [G; η, σ] lässt sich derart in den Endomorphismenring einbetten, dass die zugehörigen von Null verschiedenen Endomorphismen Automorphismen sind. Der rationale Abschluss von F [G; η, σ] in End(F ((G))), den wir Dubrovinring von F [G; η, σ] nennen, ist somit ein potentieller Quotientenschiefkörper von F [G; η, σ]. Neben der Existenz von Quotientenschiefkörpern ist deren Eindeutigkeit (bis auf Isomorphie) von Interesse. Im Gegensatz zum kommutativen Fall sind Quotientenschiefkörper im Allgemeinen nicht eindeutig. So lässt sich beispielsweise die freie Gruppe mit zwei Erzeugenden in nicht–isomorphe Quotientenschiefkörper einbetten. Eine große Klasse an Ringen, die eindeutige Quotientenschiefkörper besitzen, sind Ore–Bereiche. Vermutlich lässt sich diese Klasse nicht erweitern, ohne zusätzliche Eigenschaften der Quotientenschiefkörper zu verlangen. Eine solche Eigenschaft, im Folgenden Hughes–frei genannt, wurde von I. Hughes vorgeschlagen. Er konnte beweisen, dass Hughes–freie Quotientenschiefkörper eindeutig sind, wenn sie existieren. In dieser Arbeit verbinden wir die Ideen von I. Hughes und N. I. Dubrovin. Wir zeigen, dass die Elemente von Hughes–freien Quotientenschiefkörpern als formale schiefe Laurent–Reihen dargestellt werden können und dass diese Darstellungen in gewisser Weise eindeutig sind. Dieses Ergebnis nutzen wir um zu beweisen, dass die Aussagen “F [G; η, σ] besitzt einen Hughes–freien Quotientenschiefkörper” und “Der Dubrovinring von F [G; η, σ] ist ein Schiefkörper” äquivalent sind, wenn G eine links–geordnete Gruppe von Conrad–Typ mit maximalem Rang ist. Wir stellen den nötigen Begriffsapparat zur Verfügung. Dieser basiert vorwiegend auf den Arbeiten von N. I. Dubrovin und umfasst spezielle Eigenschaften der Endomorphismen von F ((G)) sowie die Komplexität von Elementen in rationalen Abschlüssen. Des Weiteren gehen wir auf links–geordnete Gruppen von Conrad–Typ ein und untersuchen ihren Zusammenhang mit lokal indizierbaren Gruppen, die eine grundlegende Rolle für Hughes–freie Quotientenschiefkörper spielen. Wir werden zeigen können, dass Dubrovinringe, die Schiefkörper sind, stark Hughes–freie Quotientenschiefkörper sind, was die offene Frage beantwortet, ob Hughes–freie Quotientenschiefkörper stark Hughes–frei sind. Außerdem werden wir einen alternativen Beweis der Eindeutigkeit von Hughes–freien Quotientenschiefkörpern präsentieren und die Fortsetzbarkeit von Automorphismen eines verschränkten Produkts auf Hughes–freie Quotientenschiefkörper untersuchen. KW - Hughes-free KW - Dubrovinring KW - left ordered groups KW - Conradian ordered groups KW - skew field of fraction KW - locally indicable KW - series representation KW - strongly Hughes-free KW - Hughes-frei KW - Dubrovinring KW - linksgeordnete Gruppen KW - geordnete Gruppen von Conrad-Typ KW - Quotientenschiefkörper KW - lokal indizierbar KW - Reihendarstellungen KW - stark Hughes-frei Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435561 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Porada, Philipp A1 - Tamm, Alexandra A1 - Raggio, Jose A1 - Yafang, Cheng A1 - Kleidon, Axel A1 - Pöschl, Ulrich A1 - Weber, Bettina T1 - Global NO and HONO emissions of biological soil crusts estimated by a process-based non-vascular vegetation model T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The reactive trace gases nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) are crucial for chemical processes in the atmosphere, including the formation of ozone and OH radicals, oxidation of pollutants, and atmospheric self-cleaning. Recently, empirical studies have shown that biological soil crusts are able to emit large amounts of NO and HONO, and they may therefore play an important role in the global budget of these trace gases. However, the upscaling of local estimates to the global scale is subject to large uncertainties, due to unknown spatial distribution of crust types and their dynamic metabolic activity. Here, we perform an alternative estimate of global NO and HONO emissions by biological soil crusts, using a process-based modelling approach to these organisms, combined with global data sets of climate and land cover. We thereby consider that NO and HONO are emitted in strongly different proportions, depending on the type of crust and their dynamic activity, and we provide a first estimate of the global distribution of four different crust types. Based on this, we estimate global total values of 1.04 Tg yr⁻¹ NO–N and 0.69 Tg yr⁻¹ HONO–N released by biological soil crusts. This corresponds to around 20% of global emissions of these trace gases from natural ecosystems. Due to the low number of observations on NO and HONO emissions suitable to validate the model, our estimates are still relatively uncertain. However, they are consistent with the amount estimated by the empirical approach, which confirms that biological soil crusts are likely to have a strong impact on global atmospheric chemistry via emissions of NO and HONO. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 746 KW - net primary productivity KW - hilly loes plateau KW - mojave desert KW - spatial-distribution KW - nitrous-oxide KW - succulent karoo KW - inner-mongolia KW - carbon KW - lichens KW - bryophytes Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435682 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 746 SP - 2003 EP - 2031 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Devaney, James Gerard T1 - Selecting Investment Arbitrators BT - Reconciling Party Autonomy and the International Rule of Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper focuses on one particular issue which has arisen in the course of the ongoing debate on the reform of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), namely that of the appointment of arbitrators. Taking as its starting point that there now exists tentative consensus that the present system for the appointment of arbitrators either causes or exacerbates certain problematic aspects of the current ISDS system, the paper explores one option for reform, namely the introduction of an independent panel for the selection of investment arbitrators. In doing so, it is argued that a shift in the normative basis of the rules governing appointments is required in order to accommodate the principles of party autonomy and the international rule of law. Such reform, while not completely removing the initiative that parties presently enjoy, is the most efficient way to introduce rule of law considerations such as a measure of judicial independence into the current appointments system. This, it is argued, would in turn help to address some of the problematic features of the appointment of arbitrators in ISDS. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 33 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435797 IS - 33 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krieger, Heike A1 - Püschmann, Jonas T1 - Securing of Resources as a Valid Reason for Using Force? BT - A Pre-Emptive Defence of the Prohibition on the Use of Force T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - A growing demand for natural resources embedded in current changes of the international order will put pressure on states to secure the future availability of these resources. Some political discourses suggest that states might respond by challenging the foundations of international law. Whereas the UN Charter was inter alia aimed at eliminating uses of force for economic reasons, one may observe an on-going trend of securitization of matters of resource supply resulting into the revival of self-preservation doctrines. The chapter will show that those claims lack a normative foundation in the current framework of the prohibition of the use of force. Moreover, international law has sufficient instruments to cope with disputes over access to resources by other means than the use of force. The international community, therefore, must oppose claims that may contribute to normative uncertainties and strengthen already existing instruments of pacific settlement of disputes. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 31 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435738 IS - 31 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kulaga, Julian T1 - A Renaissance of the Doctrine of Rebus Sic Stantibus? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Once the “popular plaything of Realpolitiker” the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus post the 1969 VCLT is often described as an objective rule by which, on grounds of equity and justice, a fundamental change of circumstances may be invoked as a ground for termination. Yet recent practice from States such as Ecuador, Russia, Denmark and the United Kingdom suggests that it is returning with a new livery. They point to an understanding based on vital States’ interests––a view popular among scholars such as Erich Kaufmann at the beginning of the last century. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 32 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435788 IS - 32 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pellet, Alain T1 - Values and Power Relations – The “Disillusionment” of International Law? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper – which is based on the Thomas Franck Lecture held by the author at Humboldt University Berlin on 13 May 2019 – argues that the most likely development of international to be expected will be the coexistence of two “legal worlds”. On the one hand, an inter-State law brutally regulating political relations between human groups whitewashed by nationalism; on the other hand, a transnational or “a-national” law regulating economic relations between private as well as public interests. Further, the paper argues that there are two obvious victims – of very different nature – of this foreseeable evolution: the human being on the one hand, the certainty and effectiveness of the rule of law itself on the other hand. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 34 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435819 IS - 34 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kulkova, Elena S. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Idioms in the World BT - A Focus on Processing T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 561 KW - embodiment KW - figurative language KW - metaphor KW - idiom KW - processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435704 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 561 ER - TY - THES A1 - von Kaphengst, Dragana T1 - Project’s management quality in development cooperation T1 - Managementqualität von Projekten in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit N2 - In light of the debate on the consequences of competitive contracting out of traditionally public services, this research compares two mechanisms used to allocate funds in development cooperation—direct awarding and competitive contracting out—aiming to identify their potential advantages and disadvantages. The agency theory is applied within the framework of rational-choice institutionalism to study the institutional arrangements that surround two different money allocation mechanisms, identify the incentives they create for the behavior of individual actors in the field, and examine how these then transfer into measurable differences in managerial quality of development aid projects. In this work, project management quality is seen as an important determinant of the overall project success. For data-gathering purposes, the German development agency, the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), is used due to its unique way of work. Whereas the majority of projects receive funds via direct-award mechanism, there is a commercial department, GIZ International Services (GIZ IS) that has to compete for project funds. The data concerning project management practices on the GIZ and GIZ IS projects was gathered via a web-based, self-administered survey of project team leaders. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the independent variable to total of five components of project management. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified the differences between the separate components on these two project types. Enriched by qualitative data gathered via interviews, this thesis offers insights into everyday managerial practices in development cooperation and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the two allocation mechanisms. The thesis first reiterates the responsibility of donors and implementers for overall aid effectiveness. It shows that the mechanism of competitive contracting out leads to better oversight and control of implementers, fosters deeper cooperation between the implementers and beneficiaries, and has a potential to strengthen ownership of recipient countries. On the other hand, it shows that the evaluation quality does not tremendously benefit from the competitive allocation mechanism and that the quality of the component knowledge management and learning is better when direct-award mechanisms are used. This raises questions about the lacking possibilities of actors in the field to learn about past mistakes and incorporate the finings into the future interventions, which is one of the fundamental issues of aid effectiveness. Finally, the findings show immense deficiencies in regard to oversight and control of individual projects in German development cooperation. KW - development cooperation KW - project management quality KW - evaluation KW - GIZ KW - knowledge management KW - Entwicklungszusammenarbeit KW - Qualität des Projektmanagements KW - Evaluierung KW - GIZ KW - Wissensmanagement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430992 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kayser, Leonie T1 - The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam N2 - West of Potsdam’s city center lies the Golm Campus, the largest campus of the University of Potsdam. Its different buildings tell of the numerous institutions that were established at this site over the years: From the mid-1930s, the Walther Wever Barracks were located here. From 1943, it housed the Air Intelligence Division of the German Airforce Supreme Commander. In 1951, a training institution of the Ministry of State Security moved in, which existed until 1989 under different names. In July 1991, the newly founded University of Potsdam took over the premises, which are now part of the Potsdam-Golm Science Park. The book takes you on a historic journey of the place and invites you to take a walk across today’s campus. The book includes over 110 photos and a detailed map. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431404 SN - 978-3-86956-472-2 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kałczewiak, Mariusz T1 - Yiddish in the Andes BT - unbearable distance, devoted activists and building Yiddish culture in Chile T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article elucidates the efforts of Chilean-Jewish activists to create, manage and protect Chilean Yiddish culture. It illuminates how Yiddish cultural leaders in small diasporas, such as Chile, worked to maintain dialogue with other Jewish centers. Chilean culturists maintained that a unique Latin American Jewish culture existed and needed to be strengthened through the joint efforts of all Yiddish actors on the continent. Chilean activists envisioned a modern Jewish culture informed by both Eastern European influences and local Jewish cultural production, as well as by exchanges with non-Jewish Latin American majority cultures. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 571 KW - Yiddish culture KW - Chile KW - Latin America KW - Yiddish culturism KW - Jewish networking Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435064 IS - 571 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krueger, Tobias A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Linker, Torsten A1 - Schilde, Uwe T1 - Crystal structures of three cyclohexane‑based γ‑spirolactams BT - determination of configurations and conformations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The title compounds, 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₉H₁₅NO, (1a), cis-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₁₀H₁₇NO, (1b), and trans-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₁₀H₁₇NO, (1c), were synthesized from benzoic acids 2 in only 3 steps in high yields. Crystallization from n-hexane afforded single crystals, suitable for X-ray diffraction. Thus, the configurations, conformations, and interesting crystal packing effects have been determined unequivocally. The bicyclic skeleton consists of a lactam ring, attached by a spiro junction to a cyclohexane ring. The lactam ring adopts an envelope conformation and the cyclohexane ring has a chair conformation. The main difference between compound 1b and compound 1c is the position of the carbonyl group on the 2-pyrrolidine ring with respect to the methyl group on the 8-position of the cyclohexane ring, which is cis (1b) or trans (1c). A remarkable feature of all three compounds is the existence of a mirror plane within the molecule. Given that all compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups, the packing always contains interesting enantiomer-like pairs. Finally, the structures are stabilized by intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 738 KW - 2-Azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-ones KW - Cis- and trans-form KW - Configuration KW - Conformation KW - Lactams Y1 - 1019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434911 IS - 738 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Riedel, Simona A1 - Siemiatkowska, Beata A1 - Watanabe, Mutsumi A1 - Müller, Christina S. A1 - Schünemann, Volker A1 - Hoefgen, Rainer A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The ABCB7-Like Transporter PexA in Rhodobacter capsulatus Is Involved in the Translocation of Reactive Sulfur Species T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB7 in humans, Atm1 in yeast and ATM3 in plants, are highly conserved in their overall architecture and particularly in their glutathione binding pocket located within the transmembrane spanning domains. These transporters have attracted interest in the last two decades based on their proposed role in connecting the mitochondrial iron sulfur (Fe–S) cluster assembly with its cytosolic Fe–S cluster assembly (CIA) counterpart. So far, the specific compound that is transported across the membrane remains unknown. In this report we characterized the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in Rhodobacter capsulatus, which shares 47% amino acid sequence identity with its mitochondrial counterpart. The constructed interposon mutant strain in R. capsulatus displayed increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species without a simultaneous accumulation of the cellular iron levels. The inhibition of endogenous glutathione biosynthesis resulted in an increase of total glutathione levels in the mutant strain. Bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence motifs revealed a potential aminotransferase class-V pyridoxal-50-phosphate (PLP) binding site that overlaps with the Walker A motif within the nucleotide binding domains of the transporter. PLP is a well characterized cofactor of L-cysteine desulfurases like IscS and NFS1 which has a role in the formation of a protein-bound persulfide group within these proteins. We therefore suggest renaming the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in R. capsulatus to PexA for PLP binding exporter. We further suggest that this ABC-transporter in R. capsulatus is involved in the formation and export of polysulfide species to the periplasm. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 740 KW - ABCB7 KW - persulfide KW - polysulfide KW - glutathione KW - ABC transporter KW - Walker A motif KW - pyridoxal-50-phosphate Y1 - 1019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434975 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 740 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Neugebauer, Konrad T1 - Holding Domestic Judges Accountable under International Criminal Law BT - A Useful Step to Foster the International Rule of Law? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This article explores, whether domestic judges might be held accountable under international criminal law (ICL). To date, international criminal justice has almost entirely focused on prosecuting political or military leaders. The Justice Case tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1946 marks the most prominent exception. Prior to it, the judiciary – otherwise considered the epitome of justice – had mutated into a murderous machinery under Nazi rule. Judicial decisions do have far-reaching implications possibly constituting or contributing to international crimes. This holds true in a wide range of cases, for instance on practices of warfare and torture, on the use of certain weapon technologies, or on policies relating to minorities or racial segregation. I argue that domestic judges are accountable when engaging in international crimes. The article delves into technical aspects of criminal law; as well as the notions of judicial independence and immunity. While guaranteeing the rule of law, these two notions challenge the core idea of ICL: its equal application vis-à-vis all perpetrators of international crimes irrespective of official capacity. In order to differentiate due judicial conduct and its abuse in violation of ICL, I suggest a threshold a judicial act needs to exceed for entailing accountability for an international crime. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 36 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435877 IS - 36 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sandholtz, Wayne T1 - Resurgent Authoritarianism and the International Rule of Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Modern rule of law and post-war constitutionalism are both anchored in rights-based limitations on state authority. Rule-of-law norms and principles, at both domestic and international levels, are designed to protect the freedom and dignity of the person. Given this “thick” conception of the rule of law, authoritarian practices that remove constraints on domestic political leaders and weaken mechanisms for holding them accountable necessarily erode both domestic and international rule of law. Drawing on political science research on authoritarian politics, this study identifies three core elements of authoritarian political strategies: subordination of the judiciary, suppression of independent news media and freedom of expression, and restrictions on the ability of civil society groups to organize and participate in public life. According to available data, each of these three practices has become increasingly common in recent years. This study offers a composite measure of the core authoritarian practices and uses it to identify the countries that have shown the most marked increases in authoritarianism. The spread and deepening of these authoritarian practices in diverse regimes around the world diminishes international rule of law. The conclusion argues that resurgent authoritarianism degrades international rule of law even if this is defined as the specifically post-Cold War international legal order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 38 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435899 IS - 38 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sandholtz, Wayne T1 - Human Rights Courts and Global Constitutionalism BT - Coordination through Judicial Dialogue T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - International courts regularly cite each other, in part as a means of building legitimacy. Such international, cross-court use of precedent (or “judicial dialogue”) among the regional human rights courts and the Human Rights Committee has an additional purpose and effect: the construction of a rights-based global constitutionalism. Judicial dialogue among the human rights courts is purposeful in that the courts see themselves as embedded in, and contributing to, a global human rights legal system. Cross-citation among the human rights courts advances the construction of rights-based global constitutionalism in that it provides a basic degree of coordination among the regional courts. The jurisprudence of the U.N. Human Rights Committee (HRC), as an authoritative interpreter of core international human rights norms, plays the role of a central focal point for the decentralized coordination of jurisprudence. The network of regional courts and the HRC is building an emergent institutional structure for global rights-based constitutionalism. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 35 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435831 IS - 35 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nolte, Georg T1 - How to Identify Customary International Law? – On the Final Outcome of the Work of the International Law Commission (2018) T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - How to identify customary international law is an important question of international law. The International Law Commission has in 2018 adopted a set of sixteen conclusions, together with commentaries, on this topic. The paper consists of three parts: First, the reasons are discussed why the Commission came to work on the topic “Identification of customary international law”. Then, some of its conclusions are highlighted. Finally, the outcome of the work of the Commission is placed in a general context, before concluding. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 37 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435884 IS - 37 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jo, Hyeran T1 - Rise and Decline of International Rule of Law BT - Case of Non-State Armed Actors T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper assesses the rise and decline of international rule of law in the case of non-state armed actors. Both signs of rise and signs of decline of international rule of law show in the case of non- state armed actors. Signs of rise include the expansion of coverage of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law, as well as international legal argumentation and rhetoric made by non-state armed groups. Some non-state armed actors express that they are governed by IHL in public statements or bilateral agreements with international actors, partly acknowledging universality of international humanitarian norms, and sometimes act as such. Signs of decline in the international rule of law also show – although some of them can be seen as business-as-usual – privileging of military advantage, instrumental use of international law (as justification and local interpretations), as well as conflicting understanding of IHL between local and global norms. The multiplicity of non-state actors also portends the decline of international rule of law, with the proliferation of many non-organized groups without legitimacy-seeking motivations. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 39 KW - rule of law KW - international rule of law KW - non-state actors KW - non-state armed actors KW - rise KW - decline KW - international humanitarian law KW - international criminal law Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435900 IS - 39 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heuer, Leonie A1 - Orland, Andreas T1 - Cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma BT - an experimental comparison between pure and mixed strategies T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Cooperation is — despite not being predicted by game theory — a widely documented aspect of human behaviour in Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) situations. This article presents a comparison between subjects restricted to playing pure strategies and subjects allowed to play mixed strategies in a one-shot symmetric PD laboratory experiment. Subjects interact with 10 other subjects and take their decisions all at once. Because subjects in the mixed-strategy treatment group are allowed to condition their level of cooperation more precisely on their beliefs about their counterparts’ level of cooperation, we predicted the cooperation rate in the mixed-strategy treatment group to be higher than in the pure-strategy control group. The results of our experiment reject our prediction: even after controlling for beliefs about the other subjects’ level of cooperation, we find that cooperation in the mixed-strategy group is lower than in the pure-strategy group. We also find, however, that subjects in the mixedstrategy group condition their cooperative behaviour more closely on their beliefs than in the pure-strategy group. In the mixed-strategy group, most subjects choose intermediate levels of cooperation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 107 KW - cooperation KW - experiment KW - human behaviour KW - Prisoner's Dilemma Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435929 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 107 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rector, Michael V. T1 - The acute effect of exercise on flow-mediated dilation in young people with cystic fibrosis T1 - Der akute Effekt des Trainings auf den Fluss vermittelte Dilatation bei jungen Menschen mit Mukoviszidose N2 - Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease which disrupts the function of an epithelial surface anion channel, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). Impairment to this channel leads to inflammation and infection in the lung causing the majority of morbidity and mortality. However, CF is a multiorgan disease affecting many tissues, including vascular smooth muscle. Studies have revealed young people with cystic fibrosis lacking inflammation and infection still demonstrate vascular endothelial dysfunction, measured per flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In other disease cohorts, i.e. diabetic and obese, endurance exercise interventions have been shown improve or taper this impairment. However, long-term exercise interventions are risky, as well as costly in terms of time and resources. Nevertheless, emerging research has correlated the acute effects of exercise with its long-term benefits and advocates the study of acute exercise effects on FMD prior to longitudinal studies. The acute effects of exercise on FMD have previously not been examined in young people with CF, but could yield insights on the potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions. The aims of these studies were to 1) develop and test the reliability of the FMD method and its applicability to study acute exercise effects; 2) compare baseline FMD and the acute exercise effect on FMD between young people with and without CF; and 3) explore associations between the acute effects of exercise on FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. Methods: Thirty young volunteers (10 people with CF, 10 non-CF and 10 non-CF active matched controls) between the ages of 10 and 30 years old completed blood draws, pulmonary function tests, maximal exercise capacity tests and baseline FMD measurements, before returning approximately 1 week later and performing a 30-min constant load training at 75% HRmax. FMD measurements were taken prior, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 1 hour after constant load training. ANOVAs and repeated measures ANOVAs were employed to explore differences between groups and timepoints, respectively. Linear regression was implemented and evaluated to assess correlations between FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. For all comparisons, statistical significance was set at a p-value of α < 0.05. Results: Young people with CF presented with decreased lung function and maximal exercise capacity compared to matched controls. Baseline FMD was also significantly decreased in the CF group (CF: 5.23% v non-CF: 8.27% v non-CF active: 9.12%). Immediately post-training, FMD was significantly attenuated (approximately 40%) in all groups with CF still demonstrating the most minimal FMD. Follow-up measurements of FMD revealed a slow recovery towards baseline values 30 min post-training and improvements in the CF and non-CF active groups 60 min post-training. Linear regression exposed significant correlations between maximal exercise capacity (VO2 peak), BMI and FMD immediately post-training. Conclusion: These new findings confirm that CF vascular endothelial dysfunction can be acutely modified by exercise and will aid in underlining the importance of exercise in CF populations. The potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions on vascular endothelial dysfunction in young people with CF warrants further investigation. N2 - Einleitung: Mukoviszidose (CF) ist eine genetische Erkrankung, die die Funktion eines Epithelien Oberflächenanionenkanals, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), stört. Eine Beeinträchtigung dieses Kanals führt zu Entzündungen und Infektionen in der Lunge, die den Großteil der Morbidität und Mortalität verursachen. CF ist jedoch eine Multiorganerkrankung, die viele Gewebe einschließlich vaskulärer glatter Muskeln betrifft. Studien haben gezeigt, dass junge Menschen mit Mukoviszidose, die keine Entzündung und Infektion aufweisen, immer noch eine vaskuläre Dysfunktion aufweisen, gemessen anhand der durchflussbedingten Dilatation (FMD). In anderen Krankheitskohorten, u.a. Diabetes und Fettleibigkeit, wurde gezeigt, dass Ausdauersporteingriffe diese Beeinträchtigungen verbessern oder reduzieren. Langfristige Bewegungseingriffe sind jedoch riskant und kostenintensiv in Bezug auf Zeit und Ressourcen. Nichtsdestotrotz hat die aufkommende Forschung die akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung mit ihren langfristigen Vorteilen korreliert und befürwortet die Untersuchung akuter Bewegungseffekte auf FMD vor longitudinalen Studien. Die akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung auf FMD wurden bisher bei jungen Menschen mit Mukoviszidose nicht untersucht, konnten jedoch Erkenntnisse über die potenziellen Vorteile langfristiger Bewegungseingriffe liefern. Die Ziele dieser Studien waren, 1) die Zuverlässigkeit der FMD-Methode und ihre Anwendbarkeit zu entwickeln, um akute Übungseffekte zu untersuchen; 2) Vergleich der Grundlinien-FMD und der Akutübungswirkung bei FMD zwischen Jugendlichen mit und ohne CF; und 3) Zusammenhänge zwischen den akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung auf FMD und demographischen Merkmalen, der körperlichen Aktivität, der Lungenfunktion, der maximalen körperlichen Belastbarkeit oder den entzündlichen hsCRP-Spiegeln zu untersuchen. Methoden: Dreißig junge Freiwillige (10 CF-Patienten, 10 gesunde und 10 aktive, gesunde Kontrollpersonen) im Alter von 10 bis 30 Jahren führten zuvor Blutabnahmen, Lungenfunktionstests, maximale Belastungstests und Grundlinien-FMD-Messungen durch Rückkehr etwa 1 Woche später und Durchführung eines 30-minütigen Dauerlasttrainings bei 75% HFmax durch. FMD-Messungen wurden vor, unmittelbar nach, 30 Minuten nach und 1 Stunde nach konstantem Belastungstraining durchgeführt. ANOVAs und ANOVAs mit wiederholten Messungen wurden verwendet, um Unterschiede zwischen Gruppen bzw. Zeitpunkten zu untersuchen. Die lineare Regression wurde implementiert und evaluiert, um Korrelationen zwischen FMD und demographischen Merkmalen, körperlichen Aktivitätsniveaus, Lungenfunktion, maximaler Belastungskapazität oder inflammatorischen hsCRP-Spiegeln zu bestimmen. Für alle Vergleiche wurde die statistische Signifikanz auf einen p-Wert von α < 0,05 eingestellt. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche mit Mukoviszidose zeigten eine verminderte Lungenfunktion und maximale Belastbarkeit im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen. Baseline FMD (%) war auch in der CF-Gruppe (CF: 5.23% v nicht-CF: 8.27% v nicht-CF-aktive: 9.12%) signifikant verringert. Unmittelbar nach dem Training war die FMD in allen Gruppen mit CF, die immer noch die minimalste FMD aufwiesen, signifikant abgeschwächt (~40%). Follow-up-Messungen von FMD zeigte eine langsame Erholung in Richtung Baseline-Werte 30 Minuten nach dem Training und Verbesserungen in der CF-und nicht-CF-aktive Gruppen 60 Minuten nach dem Training. Die lineare Regression zeigte signifikante Korrelationen zwischen maximaler Belastungsfähigkeit (VO2-Peak), BMI und FMD unmittelbar nach dem Training. Feststellung: Diese neuen Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die vaskuläre Dysfunktion der CF durch sportliche Betätigung akut verändert werden kann und dazu beitragen wird, die Bedeutung von Bewegung in CF-Populationen zu unterstreichen. Die potenziellen Vorteile von Langzeitübungsinterventionen bei vaskulärer Dysfunktion bei jungen CF-Patienten rechtfertigen weitere Untersuchungen. KW - cystic fibrosis KW - flow-mediated dilation KW - vascular dysfunction KW - exercise KW - Mukoviszidose KW - Fluss vermittelte Dilatation KW - vaskuläre Dysfunktion KW - Sporttraining Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438938 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gabriel, Christina T1 - Entwicklung neuer Stärkederivate für die Anwendung als wasserbasierte Filmbildner in Farben und Lacken T1 - Development of new starch derivatives for application as water-based film formers in paints and varnishes N2 - In den letzten Jahrzehnten fand auch in der Beschichtungsindustrie ein Umdenken hin zu umweltfreundlicheren Farben und Lacken statt. Allerdings basieren auch neue Lösungen meist nicht auf Biopolymeren und in einem noch geringeren Anteil auf wasserbasierten Beschichtungssystemen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Dies stellt den Anknüpfungspunkt dieser Arbeit dar, in der untersucht wurde, ob das Biopolymer Stärke das Potenzial zum wasserbasierten Filmbildner für Farben und Lacke besitzt. Dabei müssen angelehnt an etablierte synthetische Marktprodukte die folgenden Kriterien erfüllt werden: Die wässrige Dispersion muss mindestens einen 30%igen Feststoffgehalt haben, bei Raumtemperatur verarbeitet werden können und Viskositäten zwischen 10^2-10^3 mPa·s aufweisen. Die finale Beschichtung muss einen geschlossenen Film bilden und sehr gute Haftfestigkeiten zu einer spezifischen Oberfläche, in dieser Arbeit Glas, besitzen. Als Grundlage für die Modifizierung der Stärke wurde eine Kombination von molekularem Abbau und chemischer Funktionalisierung ausgewählt. Da nicht bekannt war, welchen Einfluss die Stärkeart, die gewählte Abbaureaktion als auch verschiedene Substituenten auf die Dispersionsherstellung und deren Eigenschaften sowie die Beschichtungseigenschaften ausüben könnten, wurden die strukturellen Parameter getrennt voneinander untersucht. Das erste Themengebiet beinhaltete den oxidativen Abbau von Kartoffel- und Palerbsenstärke mittels des Hypochlorit-Abbaus (OCl-) und des ManOx-Abbaus (H2O2, KMnO4). Mit beiden Abbaureaktionen konnten vergleichbare gewichtsmittlere Molmassen (Mw) von 2·10^5-10^6 g/mol (GPC-MALS) hergestellt werden. Allerdings führten die gewählten Reaktionsbedingungen beim ManOx-Abbau zur Bildung von Gelpartikeln. Diese lagen im µm-Bereich (DLS und Kryo-REM-Messungen) und hatten zur Folge, dass die ManOx-Proben deutlich erhöhte Viskositäten (c: 7,5 %; 9-260 mPa·s) im Vergleich zu den OCl--Proben (4-10 mPa·s) bei scherverdünnendem Verhalten besaßen und die Eigenschaften von viskoelastischen Gelen (G‘ > G‘‘) zeigten. Des Weiteren wiesen sie reduzierte Heißwasserlöslichkeiten (95 °C, vorrangig: 70-99 %) auf. Der OCl--Abbau führte zu hydrophileren (Carboxylgruppengehalt bis zu 6,1 %; ManOx: bis zu 3,1 %), nach 95 °C-Behandlung vollständig wasserlöslichen abgebauten Stärken, die ein Newtonsches Fließverhalten mit Eigenschaften einer viskoelastischen Flüssigkeit (G‘‘ > G‘) hatten. Die OCl--Proben konnten im Vergleich zu den ManOx-Produkten (10-20 %) zu konzentrierteren Dispersionen (20-40 %) verarbeitet werden, die gleichzeitig die Einschränkung von anwendungsrelevanten Mw auf < 7·10^5 g/mol zuließen (Konzentration sollte > 30 % sein). Außerdem führten nur die OCl--Proben der Kartoffelstärke zu transparenten (alle anderen waren opak) geschlossenen Beschichtungsfilmen. Somit hebt sich die Kombination von OCl--Abbau und Kartoffelstärke mit Hinblick auf die Endanwendung ab. Das zweite Themengebiet umfasste Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Ester- und Hydroxyalkylether-Substituenten auf Basis einer industriell abgebauten Kartoffelstärke (Mw: 1,2·10^5 g/mol) vor allem auf die Dispersionsherstellung, die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Dispersionen und die Beschichtungseigenschaften in Kombination mit Glassubstraten. Dazu wurden Ester und Ether mit DS/MS-Werten von 0,07-0,91 synthetisiert. Die Derivate konnten zu wasserbasierten Dispersionen mit Konzentrationen von 30-45 % verarbeitet werden, wobei bei hydrophoberen Modifikaten ein Co-Lösemittel, Diethylenglycolmonobutylether (DEGBE), eingesetzt werden musste. Die Feststoffgehalte sanken dabei für beide Derivatklassen vor allem mit zunehmender Alkylkettenlänge. Die anwendungsrelevanten Viskositäten (323-1240 mPa·s) stiegen auf Grund von Wechselwirkungen tendenziell mit DS/MS und Alkylkettenlänge an. Hinsichtlich der Beschichtungseigenschaften erwiesen sich die Ester vergleichend zu den Ethern als die bevorzugte Substituentenklasse, da nur die Ester geschlossene, defektfreie und mehrheitlich transparente Beschichtungsfilme bildeten, die exzellente bis sehr gute Haftfestigkeiten (ISO Klasse: 0 und 1) auf Glas besaßen. Die Ether bildeten mehrheitlich brüchige Filme. Basierend auf der Kombination der Ergebnisse aus Lösemittelaustausch, den rheologischen Untersuchungen und zusätzlichen Oberflächenspannungsmessungen (30-61 mN/m) konnte geschlossen werden, dass wahrscheinlich fehlende oder schlechte Haftfestigkeiten vorrangig akkumuliertem Wasser in den Beschichtungsfilmen (visuell: trüb oder weiß) geschuldet sind, während die Brüchigkeit vermutlich auf Wechselwirkungen (H-Brücken Wechselwirkungen, hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen) zwischen den Polymeren zurückgeführt werden kann. Insgesamt scheint die Kombination aus Kartoffelstärke basierend auf dem OCl--Abbau mit Mw < 7·10^5 g/mol und einem Estersubstituenten eine gute Wahl für wasserbasierte Dispersionen mit hohen Feststoffkonzentrationen (> 30 %), guter Filmbildung und exzellenten Haftungen auf Glas zu sein. N2 - In the last few decades, the coating industry, like many other industries, has changed its thinking towards more environmentally friendly paints and varnishes. However, even new solutions are usually not based on biopolymers and, to an even lesser extent, on water-based coating systems made from renewable raw materials. This is the starting point of this work, which aimed to investigate whether the biopolymer starch has the potential to be a water-based film former for paints and varnishes. Based on established synthetic market products, the following criteria must be fulfilled: The aqueous dispersion must have a solid content of at least 30%, be processable at room temperature and have viscosities of 10^2-10^3 mPa·s. The final coating must form a continuous film and have very good adhesion to a specific substrate, in this thesis glass. A combination of molecular degradation and chemical functionalisation was selected as the basis for the modification of the starch. Since it was not known what influence the type of starch, the chosen degradation reaction as well as different substituents could have on the dispersion production and its properties as well as on the coating properties, the structural parameters were investigated separately. The first part dealt with the oxidative degradation of potato and smooth pea starch by hypochlorite degradation (OCl-) and ManOx degradation (H2O2, KMnO4). With both degradation reactions comparable weight average molar masses (Mw) of 2·10^5-10^6 g/mol (SEC-MALS) could be synthesized. However, the selected reaction conditions led to the formation of gel particles during ManOx degradation. These were in the µm-range (DLS and cryo-REM measurements) and resulted in ManOx samples having significantly higher viscosities (c: 7.5%; 9-260 mPa·s) compared to OCl- samples (4-10 mPa·s) with shear-thinning behaviour and showing the properties of viscoelastic gels (G' > G''). Furthermore, they exhibited reduced hot water solubilities (95 °C, primarily: 70-99%). OCl- degradation led to more hydrophilic (carboxyl group content up to 6.1%; ManOx: up to 3.1%), after 95 °C treatment completely water-soluble degraded starches, which had Newtonian flow behaviour with properties of a viscoelastic liquid (G'' > G'). Compared to the ManOx products (10-20%), the OCl- samples could be processed to more concentrated dispersions (20-40%), which at the same time allowed the restriction of application-relevant Mw to < 7·10^5 g/mol (concentration should be > 30%). In addition, only the OCl- samples of the potato starch led to transparent (all others were opaque) continuous coating films. Thus, the combination of OCl- degradation and potato starch stands out with regard to the final application. The second part included investigations on the influence of ester and hydroxyalkyl ether substituents on the basis of an industrially degraded potato starch (Mw: 1.2·10^5 g/mol), particularly on dispersion preparation, rheological properties of the dispersions and the coating properties in combination with glass substrates. For this purpose, esters and ethers with DS/MS values of 0.07-0.91 were synthesized. The derivatives could be prepared to water-based dispersions with concentrations of 30-45%, whereby a co-solvent, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DEGBE), had to be used for more hydrophobic derivatives. The solid content of both derivative classes decreased most of all with increasing alkyl chain length. The application-relevant viscosities (323-1240 mPa·s) tended to increase due to interactions with DS/MS and alkyl chain length. With regard to the coating properties, esters proved to be the preferred substituent class compared to ethers, since only the esters formed continuous, defect free and mostly transparent coating films which had excellent to very good adhesion (ISO class: 0 and 1) on glass. The majority of ethers formed brittle films. Based on the combination of the results from solvent exchange, rheological investigations and additional surface tension measurements (30-61 mN/m), it could be concluded that probably missing or poor adhesion was primarily due to accumulated water in the coating films (visually: turbid or white), while the brittleness can probably be attributed to interactions (H-bridge interactions, hydrophobic interactions) between the polymers. Overall, the combination of potato starch based on OCl- degradation with Mw < 7·10^5 g/mol and an ester substituent seems to be a good choice for water-based dispersions with high solid concentrations (> 30%), good film formation and excellent adhesion to glass. KW - Stärke KW - starch KW - Filmbildner KW - film former KW - Beschichtung KW - coating Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432942 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Veríssimo, Joao Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Inflectional morphology in bilingual language processing BT - an age-of-acquisition study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study addresses the question of how age of acquisition (AoA) affects grammatical processing, specifically with respect to inflectional morphology, in bilinguals. We examined experimental data of more than 100 participants from the Russian/German community in Berlin, all of whom acquired Russian from birth and German at different ages. Using the cross-modal lexical priming technique, we investigated stem allomorphs of German verbs that encode multiple morphosyntactic features. The results revealed a striking AoA modulation of observed priming patterns, indicating efficient access to morphosyntactic features for early AoAs and a gradual decline with increasing AoAs. In addition, we found a discontinuity in the function relating AoA to morphosyntactic feature access, suggesting a sensitive period for the development of morphosyntax. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 569 KW - critical-period KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - adjectives KW - lexicon KW - L1 KW - L2 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433371 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 569 SP - 339 EP - 360 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Gisa T1 - Erinnerungen an die Gründung des Instituts für Linguistik an der Universität Potsdam JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433202 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 415 EP - 435 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heucher, Angela T1 - Evolving order? BT - Inter-organizational relations in the organizational field of food security governance in Côte d’Ivoire T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Global food security governance is fraught with fragmentation, overlap and complexity. While calls for coordination and coherence abound, establishing an inter-organizational order at this level seems to remain difficult. While the emphasis in the literature has so far been on the global level, we know less about dynamics of inter-organizational relations in food security governance at the country level, and empirical studies are lacking. It is this research gap the article seeks to address by posing the following research question: In how far does inter-organizational order develop in the organizational field of food security governance at the country level? Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on sociological institutionalism, and on work on inter-organizational relations. Empirically, the article conducts an exploratory case study of the organizational field of food security governance in Côte d’Ivoire, building on a qualitative content analysis of organizational documents covering a period from 2003 to 2016 and semi-structured interviews with staff of international organizations from 2016. The article demonstrates that not all of the developments attributed to food security governance at the global level play out in the same way at the country level. Rather, in the case of Côte d’Ivoire there are signs for a certain degree of coherence between IOs in the field of food security governance and even for an – albeit limited – division of labour. However, this only holds for specific dimensions of the inter-organizational order and appears to be subject to continuous contestation and reinterpretation under the surface. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 110 KW - inter-organizational relations KW - international organizations KW - organizational fields KW - inter-organizational order KW - food security governance Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433086 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 110 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Undisclosed desires BT - quality managers’ normative notions regarding the implementation of quality management T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Following decades of quality management featuring in higher education settings, questions regarding its implementation, impact and outcomes remain. Indeed, leaving aside anecdotal case studies and value-laden documentaries of best practice, current research still knows very little about the implementation of quality management in teaching and learning within higher education institutions. Referring to data collected from German higher education institutions in which a quality management department or functional equivalent was present, this article theorises and provides evidence for the supposition that the implementation of quality management follows two implicit logics. Specifically, it tends either towards the logic of appropriateness or, contrastingly, towards the logic of consequentialism. This study’s results also suggest that quality managers’ socialisation is related to these logics and that it influences their views on quality management in teaching and learning. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 109 KW - higher education KW - quality manager KW - teaching and learning KW - appropriatenes Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433040 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 109 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staudacher, Peter T1 - Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη) JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wunderlich, Dieter T1 - Über naturnotwendige und kulturaffine Schritte in der Sprachentstehung und -entwicklung JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433182 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 383 EP - 394 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - De Ruig, Lars T. A1 - De Ruiter, Marco C. A1 - Kuik, Onno J. A1 - Botzen, W. J. Wouter A1 - Le Den, X. A1 - Persson, Magnus A1 - Benoist, Anthony A1 - Nielsen, C. N. T1 - An assessment of best practices of extreme weather insurance and directions for a more resilient society T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Extreme weather resilience has been defined as being based on three pillars: resistance (the ability to lower impacts), recovery (the ability to bounce back), and adaptive capacity (the ability to learn and improve). These resilience pillars are important both before and after the occurrence of extreme weather events. Extreme weather insurance can influence these pillars of resilience depending on how particular insurance mechanisms are structured. We explore how the lessons learnt from the current best insurance practices can improve resilience to extreme weather events. We employ an extensive inventory of private property and agricultural crop insurance mechanisms to conduct a multi-criteria analysis of insurance market outcomes. We draw conclusions regarding the patterns in the best practice from six European countries to increase resilience. We suggest that requirements to buy a bundle extreme weather event insurance with general insurance packages are strengthened and supported with structures to financing losses through public-private partnerships. Moreover, support for low income households through income vouchers could be provided. Similarly, for the agricultural sector we propose moving towards comprehensive crop yield insurance linked to general agricultural subsidies. In both cases a nationally representative body can coordinate the various stakeholders into acting in concert. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 757 KW - extreme weather KW - insurance KW - resilience KW - climate change adaptation KW - risk management Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433510 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 757 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gasser, Lucy T1 - Towards Eurasia BT - remapping Europe as ‘upstart peripheral to an ongoing operation’ T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Philosophische Reihe N2 - In order to heed the call in world literature studies to work against disciplinary Eurocentrism by refiguring both what constitutes world literature and how this is read, in this article I propose world literature as an archive of world-making practices and as an impulse for the articulation of alternative methodological approaches. This takes world literature from the postcolonial South as, following Pheng Cheah, instantiating a modality of world literature in which the need for imagining worlds with alternative centres to those determined by coloniality is particularly acute. A response to this is facilitated and illustrated by a reading of Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore’s Letters from Russia (1930), and South African writer/activist Alex La Guma’s A Soviet Journey (1978). By drawing forward connections between the postcolonial South and the former Soviet Union, this complicates traditional colonial arrangements of the colonial ‘centre’ as cradle of civilisation and culture, as well as postcolonial scholarship’s cumulative fetishisation of ‘Europe’, by allowing a reshuffling of the co-ordinates determining ‘centres’ and ‘peripheries’ and a more nuanced grasp of ‘Europe’ simultaneously. These imaginative journeys destabilise ‘Europe’ as closed category and call forth Eurasia as a more appropriate categorical–cartographical framework for thinking this space and the connections and (hi)story-telling it stages and fosters. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 164 KW - Eurasia KW - Europe KW - eurocentrism KW - Soviet Union KW - world literature Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433585 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 164 SP - 188 EP - 202 ER - TY - THES A1 - Romero Mujalli, Daniel T1 - Ecological modeling of adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid climate change T1 - Ökologische Modellierung anpassungsfähiger evolutionärer Reaktionen auf schnellen Klimawandel N2 - A contemporary challenge in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology is to anticipate the fate of populations of organisms in the context of a changing world. Climate change and landscape changes due to anthropic activities have been of major concern in the contemporary history. Organisms facing these threats are expected to respond by local adaptation (i.e., genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity) or by shifting their distributional range (migration). However, there are limits to their responses. For example, isolated populations will have more difficulties in developing adaptive innovations by means of genetic changes than interconnected metapopulations. Similarly, the topography of the environment can limit dispersal opportunities for crawling organisms as compared to those that rely on wind. Thus, populations of species with different life history strategy may differ in their ability to cope with changing environmental conditions. However, depending on the taxon, empirical studies investigating organisms’ responses to environmental change may become too complex, long and expensive; plus, complications arising from dealing with endangered species. In consequence, eco-evolutionary modeling offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations and complement empirical studies, understand the action and limitations of underlying mechanisms, and project into possible future scenarios. In this work I take a modeling approach and investigate the effect and relative importance of evolutionary mechanisms (including phenotypic plasticity) on the ability for local adaptation of populations with different life strategy experiencing climate change scenarios. For this, I performed a review on the state of the art of eco-evolutionary Individual-Based Models (IBMs) and identify gaps for future research. Then, I used the results from the review to develop an eco-evolutionary individual-based modeling tool to study the role of genetic and plastic mechanisms in promoting local adaption of populations of organisms with different life strategies experiencing scenarios of climate change and environmental stochasticity. The environment was simulated through a climate variable (e.g., temperature) defining a phenotypic optimum moving at a given rate of change. The rate of change was changed to simulate different scenarios of climate change (no change, slow, medium, rapid climate change). Several scenarios of stochastic noise color resembling different climatic conditions were explored. Results show that populations of sexual species will rely mainly on standing genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation. Population of species with relatively slow growth rate (e.g., large mammals) – especially those of small size – are the most vulnerable, particularly if their plasticity is limited (i.e., specialist species). In addition, whenever organisms from these populations are capable of adaptive plasticity, they can buffer fitness losses in reddish climatic conditions. Likewise, whenever they can adjust their plastic response (e.g., bed-hedging strategy) they will cope with bluish environmental conditions as well. In contrast, life strategies of high fecundity can rely on non-adaptive plasticity for their local adaptation to novel environmental conditions, unless the rate of change is too rapid. A recommended management measure is to guarantee interconnection of isolated populations into metapopulations, such that the supply of useful genetic variation can be increased, and, at the same time, provide them with movement opportunities to follow their preferred niche, when local adaptation becomes problematic. This is particularly important for bluish and reddish climatic conditions, when the rate of change is slow, or for any climatic condition when the level of stress (rate of change) is relatively high. N2 - Eine aktuelle Herausforderung in der Ökologie und Evolutionsbiologie besteht darin, das Schicksal von Populationen verschiedener Lebewesen im Kontext einer sich verändernden Welt zu antizipieren. Der Klimawandel und die durch anthropologische Aktivitäten verursachten Landschaftsveränderungen sind im Laufe der Geschichte von großer Bedeutung geworden. Von den Organismen, die sich diesen Veränderungen stellen, wird erwartet, dass sie durch lokale Anpassung (d.h. genetische Veränderungen oder phänotypische Plastizität) oder durch Verschiebung ihres Verbreitungsgebietes (Migration) darauf reagieren. Allerdings sind diese Reaktionen begrenzt. So werden beispielsweise isolierte Populationen mehr Schwierigkeiten bei der Entwicklung adaptiver Neuheiten mittels genetischer Variation haben als vernetzte Metapopulationen. Ebenso kann die Topographie der Umgebung die Ausbreitungsmöglichkeiten für zum Beispiel kriechende Organismen im Vergleich zu denen, die auf Wind angewiesen sind, einschränken. So können Populationen von Arten mit unterschiedlichen Lebensstrategien verschiedene Fähigkeiten haben, mit den sich ändernden Umweltbedingungen umzugehen. Empirische Studien, die die Reaktionen von Organismen auf Umweltveränderungen untersuchen, können jedoch, je nach Taxon, zu komplex, langwierig und teuer werden. Ebenso sollten Komplikationen im Umgang mit gefährdeten Arten nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Die ökoevolutionäre Modellierung bietet jedoch die Möglichkeit, diese Einschränkungen zu überwinden und empirische Studien zu ergänzen, die Wirkung und Grenzen der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zu verstehen und mögliche Zukunftsszenarien zu erstellen. In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich mittels einer Modellierungsmethode die Wirkung und relative Bedeutung evolutionärer Mechanismen (einschließlich phänotypischer Plastizität) auf die Fähigkeit zur lokalen Anpassung von Populationen mit unterschiedlichen Lebensstrategien, die Szenarien des Klimawandels durchleben. Dazu habe ich in einem Review den Stand der Technik ökoevolutionärer individuenbasierender Modelle (Individual-Based Models; IBMs) zusammengefasst und Ansätze für eine zukünftige Forschung identifiziert. Die Erkenntnisse des Reviews nutzte ich, um ein ökoevolutionäres, individuelles Modellierungsprogramm zu entwickeln. Dieses analysiert die Rolle genetischer und plastischer Mechanismen zur Förderung der lokalen Anpassung organismischer Populationen mit unterschiedlichen Lebensstrategien, welche Szenarien des Klimawandels und der ökologischen Stochastik erfahren. Die Umweltbedingungen wurden durch eine klimatische Variable (z.B. Temperatur) simuliert, die ein phänotypisches Optimum definiert, das sich mit einer bestimmten Änderungsrate bewegt. Verschiedene Änderungsraten wurden angewandt, um unterschiedliche Szenarien des Klimawandels darzustellen (keine Veränderung, langsamer, mittlerer, schneller Klimawandel). Es wurden mehrere Szenarien stochastischen Farbrauschens untersucht, die verschiedene klimatische Bedingungen widerspiegeln. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Populationen sexueller Arten hauptsächlich auf genetische Variation und phänotypische Plastizität hinsichtlich lokalen Anpassung angewiesen sind. Populationen von Arten mit relativ langsamer Wachstumsrate (z.B. große Säugetiere), und insbesondere die mit kleiner Populationsgröße, sind am anfälligsten, vor allem wenn ihre Plastizität begrenzt ist (d.h. spezialisierte Arten). Wenn Individuen dieser Populationen zu adaptiver Plastizität fähig sind, können sie Fitnessverluste unter „rötlichen“ Klimabedingungen ausgleichen. Zugleich können diese Populationen durch Anpassung der Plastizität auch unter bläulichen Umweltbedingungen zurecht kommen (z.B. Bed-Hedging-Strategie). Im Gegensatz dazu können sich Lebensstrategen mit hoher Reproduktionszahl auf nicht-adaptive Plastizität zur lokalen Anpassung an neue Umweltbedingungen verlassen, es sei denn, die Änderungsrate ist zu schnell. Eine empfohlene Handlungsmaßnahme ist es, die Eingliederung von isolierten Populationen in Metapopulationen zu gewährleisten, so dass die genetische Variation erhöht werden kann. Wenn eine lokale Anpassung problematisch wird, sollte ihnen gleichzeitig Migrationsfreiraum gegeben werden, um ihrer bevorzugten Nische zu folgen. Dies ist besonders wichtig für „bläuliche“ und „rötliche“ Klimabedingungen, bei denen die Änderungsrate langsam ist, oder für jede klimatische Bedingung, wenn die Belastung (Änderungsrate) relativ hoch ist. KW - climate change KW - local adaptation KW - plasticity KW - evolution KW - individual-based model KW - Klimawandel KW - lokale Anpassung KW - Plastizität KW - Evolution KW - Individuen-basierende Modelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430627 ER - TY - GEN A1 - De Cahsan, Binia A1 - Westbury, Michael V. A1 - Drews, Hauke A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - The complete mitochondrial genome of a European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) from Germany T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina, is a small aquatic toad belonging to the family Bombinatoridae. The species is native to the lowlands of Central and Eastern Europe, where population numbers have been in decline in recent past decades. Here, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered European fire-bellied toad from Northern Germany recovered using iterative mapping. Phylogenetic analyses including other representatives of the Bombinatoridae placed our German specimen as sister to a Polish B. bombina sequence with high support. This finding is congruent with the postulated Pleistocene history of the species. Our complete mitochondrial genome represents an important resource for further population analysis of the European fire-bellied toad, especially those found within Germany. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 532 KW - Bombina bombina KW - Fire-bellied toad KW - mitogenome KW - conservation genetics KW - population delimitation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423222 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 532 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Romero-Mujalli, Daniel A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Elevated mutation rates are unlikely to evolve in sexual species, not even under rapid environmental change T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Organisms are expected to respond to changing environmental conditions through local adaptation, range shift or local extinction. The process of local adaptation can occur by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity, and becomes especially relevant when dispersal abilities or possibilities are somehow constrained. For genetic changes to occur, mutations are the ultimate source of variation and the mutation rate in terms of a mutator locus can be subject to evolutionary change. Recent findings suggest that the evolution of the mutation rate in a sexual species can advance invasion speed and promote adaptation to novel environmental conditions. Following this idea, this work uses an individual-based model approach to investigate if the mutation rate can also evolve in a sexual species experiencing different conditions of directional climate change, under different scenarios of colored stochastic environmental noise, probability of recombination and of beneficial mutations. The color of the noise mimicked investigating the evolutionary dynamics of the mutation rate in different habitats. Results The results suggest that the mutation rate in a sexual species experiencing directional climate change scenarios can evolve and reach relatively high values mainly under conditions of complete linkage of the mutator locus and the adaptation locus. In contrast, when they are unlinked, the mutation rate can slightly increase only under scenarios where at least 50% of arising mutations are beneficial and the rate of environmental change is relatively fast. This result is robust under different scenarios of stochastic environmental noise, which supports the observation of no systematic variation in the mutation rate among organisms experiencing different habitats. Conclusions Given that 50% beneficial mutations may be an unrealistic assumption, and that recombination is ubiquitous in sexual species, the evolution of an elevated mutation rate in a sexual species experiencing directional climate change might be rather unlikely. Furthermore, when the percentage of beneficial mutations and the population size are small, sexual species (especially multicellular ones) producing few offspring may be expected to react to changing environments not by adaptive genetic change, but mainly through plasticity. Without the ability for a plastic response, such species may become – at least locally – extinct. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 776 KW - Individual-based models KW - sexual species KW - Beneficial mutations KW - Mutation rate KW - Mutator locus KW - Directional climate change KW - Recombination Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439058 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 776 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hadzic, Miralem A1 - Eckstein, Max Lennart A1 - Schugardt, Monique T1 - The Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance in Response to Exercise Duration in Athletes BT - A Systematic Review T2 - Potsprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - According to recent literature sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been proposed as a performance enhancing aid by reducing acidosis during exercise. The aim of the current review is to investigate if the duration of exercise is an essential factor for the effect of NaHCO3. To collect the latest studies from electronic database of PubMed, study publication time was restricted from December 2006 to December 2016. The search was updated in July 2018. The studies were divided into exercise durations of > 4 or ≤ 4 minutes for easier comparability of their effects in different exercises. Only randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Of the 775 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Study design, subjects, effects as well as outcome criteria were inconsistent throughout the studies. Seventeen of these studies reported performance enhancing effects after supplementing NaHCO3. Eleven of twenty studies with exercise duration of ≤ 4 minutes showed positive and four diverse results after supplementing NaHCO3. On the other hand six of fifteen studies with an exercise duration of >4 minutes showed performance enhancing and two studies showed diverse results. Consequently, the duration of exercise might be influential for inducing a performance enhancing effect when supplementing NaHCO3, but to which extent, remains unclear due to the inconsistencies in the study results. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 548 KW - Sodium bicarbonate KW - supplementation KW - acute KW - chronic KW - performance outcome Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428078 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 548 ER -