TY - JOUR A1 - Gienow, Wilfried T1 - Verständiger werden im Englischunterricht? : Beispiele prozeßorientierten Medieneinsatzes, mögliche Wirkungen und Begründungen Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gienow, Wilfried T1 - Zum Verständnis von Veranschaulichung beim Fremdsprachenerwerb Y1 - 1991 SN - 3-923549-43-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gienow, Wilfried T1 - Mediale Textvielfalt und Lerneraktivität : Sprach- und Sinnbildung in Grundlagen und Beispielen des Englischunterrichts Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gieng, S. H. A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Rosales, F. J. T1 - Accumulation of retinol in the liver after prolonged hyporetinolemia in the vitamin A-sufficient rat N2 - We assessed the effects of prolonged reduction of plasma retinol concentrations (hyporetinolemia) on the distribution of tissue vitamin A (VA) and of its active compounds using a model of continuous recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) infusion via osmotic minipumps in VA-sufficient male rats. Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations remained decreased and lower in rhIL-6- treated rats compared with controls from 7.5 h throughout 7 days of infusion (P < 0.001). This reduction was accompanied by a 68% increase in hepatic retinol concentration by 7 days (P < 0.05). Hepatic and renal retinyl palmitate and retinoic acid concentrations did not change, and renal megalin content remained unchanged; hepatic RBP concentrations were 41% lower in rhIL-6-treated rats compared with controls (P < 0.05). These results indicate that instead of being lost, retinol accumulated in the liver during inflammation and that hyporetinolemia was attributable to a decrease in the availability of hepatic RBP. A plausible consequence of the effect of rhIL-6-induced hyporetinolemia is that by 7 days tissues that are dependent on plasma retinol may become deprived of VA. These results have important implications in understanding the mechanism by which measles infection induces hyporetinolemia and VA deficiency of extrahepatic tissues Y1 - 2005 SN - 0022-2275 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giel, Barbara T1 - Sprachtherapeutische Förderung bei Kindern mit Down-Syndrom (SF-KiDS) BT - Miteinander statt nebeneinander – Ein systemisch-lösungsorientierter Ansatz JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79731 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gieg, Henrique A1 - Schianchi, Federico A1 - Dietrich, Tim A1 - Ujevic, Maximiliano T1 - Incorporating a Radiative Hydrodynamics Scheme in the Numerical-Relativity Code BAM JF - Universe : open access journal N2 - To study binary neutron star systems and to interpret observational data such as gravitational-wave and kilonova signals, one needs an accurate description of the processes that take place during the final stages of the coalescence, for example, through numerical-relativity simulations. In this work, we present an updated version of the numerical-relativity code BAM in order to incorporate nuclear-theory-based equations of state and a simple description of neutrino interactions through a neutrino leakage scheme. Different test simulations, for stars undergoing a neutrino-induced gravitational collapse and for binary neutron stars systems, validate our new implementation. For the binary neutron stars systems, we show that we can evolve stably and accurately distinct microphysical models employing the different equations of state: SFHo, DD2, and the hyperonic BHB Lambda phi. Overall, our test simulations have good agreement with those reported in the literature. KW - numerical relativity KW - binary neutron stars KW - neutrinos KW - leakage scheme Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8070370 SN - 2218-1997 VL - 8 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Reiche, Jürgen A1 - Brehmer, Ludwig A1 - Wühn, Mario A1 - Wöll, Christoph A1 - Smith, Andrew Phillip A1 - Urquhart, Steven G. A1 - Ade, Harald W. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang E. S. T1 - Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy on ordered films of an amphiphilic derivate of 2,5- Diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole N2 - The surfaces of ordered films formed from an amphiphilic derivative of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) were investigated by the use of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. For the assignment of the spectral features of the C, N, and O K- edge absorption spectra, fingerprint spectra of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(Kevlar), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(p-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole), and 2,5-di- (pentadecyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, which contain related chemical moieties, were recorded. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations, performed with explicit treatment of the core hole, are used to support the spectral interpretations. Angle-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy at the C, N, and O K-edges suggests a preferentially upright orientation of the oxadiazole derivative in the outermost layer of the films. X-ray specular reflectivity data and molecular modeling results suggest a similar interpretation. Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giebler, Heiko A1 - Ruth, Saskia P. A1 - Tanneberg, Dag T1 - Why choice matters BT - revisiting and comparing measures of democracy T2 - Politics and Governance N2 - Measures of democracy are in high demand. Scientific and public audiences use them to describe political realities and to substantiate causal claims about those realities. This introduction to the thematic issue reviews the history of democracy measurement since the 1950s. It identifies four development phases of the field, which are characterized by three recurrent topics of debate: (1) what is democracy, (2) what is a good measure of democracy, and (3) do our measurements of democracy register real-world developments? As the answers to those questions have been changing over time, the field of democracy measurement has adapted and reached higher levels of theoretical and methodological sophistication. In effect, the challenges facing contemporary social scientists are not only limited to the challenge of constructing a sound index of democracy. Today, they also need a profound understanding of the differences between various measures of democracy and their implications for empirical applications. The introduction outlines how the contributions to this thematic issue help scholars cope with the recurrent issues of conceptualization, measurement, and application, and concludes by identifying avenues for future research. KW - application KW - conceptualization KW - democracy KW - democratic quality KW - measurement Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1428 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giebler, Heiko A1 - Ruth, Saskia P. A1 - Tanneberg, Dag T1 - Why choice matters BT - revisiting and comparing measures of democracy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Measures of democracy are in high demand. Scientific and public audiences use them to describe political realities and to substantiate causal claims about those realities. This introduction to the thematic issue reviews the history of democracy measurement since the 1950s. It identifies four development phases of the field, which are characterized by three recurrent topics of debate: (1) what is democracy, (2) what is a good measure of democracy, and (3) do our measurements of democracy register real-world developments? As the answers to those questions have been changing over time, the field of democracy measurement has adapted and reached higher levels of theoretical and methodological sophistication. In effect, the challenges facing contemporary social scientists are not only limited to the challenge of constructing a sound index of democracy. Today, they also need a profound understanding of the differences between various measures of democracy and their implications for empirical applications. The introduction outlines how the contributions to this thematic issue help scholars cope with the recurrent issues of conceptualization, measurement, and application, and concludes by identifying avenues for future research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 104 KW - application KW - conceptualization KW - democracy KW - democratic quality KW - measurement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427891 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 104 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giebing, Thomas A1 - Obermann, Wolfgang A1 - Fürst, Dieter Oswald A1 - D'Haese, Jochen T1 - C-terminally deleted fragments of 40-kDa earthworm actin modulator still shows gelsolin activities Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giebing, Günter A1 - Tölle, Markus A1 - Jürgensen, Jana A1 - Eichhorst, Jenny A1 - Furkert, Jens A1 - Beyermann, Michael A1 - Neuschäfer-Rube, Frank A1 - Rosenthal, Walter A1 - Zidek, Walter A1 - van der Giet, Markus A1 - Oksche, Alexander T1 - Arrestin-independent internalization and recycling of the urotensin receptor contribute to long-lasting urotensin II - Mediated vasoconstriction N2 - Urotensin II (UII), which acts on the G protein-coupled urotensin ( UT) receptor, elicits long-lasting vasoconstriction. The role of UT receptor internalization and intracellular trafficking in vasoconstriction has yet not been analyzed. Therefore, UII-mediated contractile responses of aortic ring preparations in wire myography and rat UT (rUT) receptor internalization and intracellular trafficking in binding and imaging analyses were compared. UII elicited a concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of rat aorta (-log EC50, mol/L:9.0 +/- 0.1). A second application of UII after 30 minutes elicited a reduced contraction (36 +/- 4% of the initial response), but when applied after 60 minutes elicited a full contraction. In internalization experiments with radioactive labeled VII (I-125-UII), approximate to 70% of rUT receptors expressed on the cell surface of human embryonic kidney 293 cells were sequestered within 30 minutes (half life [t(h)]: 5.6 +/- 0.2 minutes), but recycled quantitatively within 60 minutes (t(h) 31.9 +/- 2.6 minutes). UII- bound rUT receptors were sorted to early and recycling endosomes, as evidenced by colocalization of rUT receptors with the early endosomal antigen and the transferrin receptor. Real-time imaging with a newly developed fluorescent UII (Cy3- UII) revealed that rUT receptors recruited arrestin3 green fluorescent protein to the plasma membrane. Arrestin3 was not required for the endocytosis of the rUT receptor, however, as internalization of Cy3-UII was not altered in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking endogenous arrestin2/arrestin3 expression. The data demonstrate that the rUT receptor internalizes arrestin independently and recycles quantitatively. The continuous externalization of rUT receptors provides the basis for repetitive and lasting UII-mediated vasoconstriction Y1 - 2005 SN - 0009-7330 ER - TY - THES A1 - Giebel, Birgit T1 - Diagnostik der Rhythmusfähigkeit : Ergebnisse einer Studie an 13-jährigen Kindern Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gidion, Gunnar A1 - Gerhard, Reimund T1 - The Bow on a String BT - Bow Vibrations Detected with Ferroelectret Sensors JF - Acta Acustica united with Acustica N2 - The interaction between a bowed string instrument and its player is conveyed by the bow, the vibrational properties of which can be measured either separately on the bow or during the bowing procedure. Here, two piezoelectric film sensors, made of a ferroelectret material, are installed on a violin bow, one sensor at the tip and one at the frog. With these sensors, a violin is played under normal conditions, and the signals are analysed. The features in the resulting spectrograms are identified as string harmonics and longitudinal bow-hair resonances. The bow-hair sections on both sides of the bow-string contact exhibit separate resonances which are observed as absorption dips in the spectra. Owing to the sensor positions at the bow-hair terminations, it can be inferred that the two bow-hair sections act as mutual vibration absorbers. From a regression of the observed resonances, the longitudinal bow-hair velocity can be obtained. With additional film sensors under the violin bridge, body vibrations were also detected providing further details of the coupling mechanisms. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919174 SN - 1610-1928 SN - 1861-9959 VL - 104 IS - 2 SP - 315 EP - 322 PB - Hirzel Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - THES A1 - Gidion, Gunnar T1 - Akustische Resonatoren zur Analyse und Kontrolle von schwingungsfähigen Systemen am Beispiel von Streichinstrumenten und Dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren T1 - Acoustic resonators for the analysis and control of vibrational systems exemplified by bowed string instruments and dielectric elastomer actuators N2 - Die Klangeigenschaften von Musikinstrumenten werden durch das Zusammenwirken der auf ihnen anregbaren akustischen Schwingungsmoden bestimmt, welche sich wiederum aus der geometrischen Struktur des Resonators in Kombination mit den verwendeten Materialien ergeben. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Schwingungsverhalten von Streichinstrumenten durch den Einsatz minimal-invasiver piezoelektrischer Polymerfilmsensoren untersucht. Die studierten Kopplungsphänomene umfassen den sogenannten Wolfton und Schwingungstilger, die zu dessen Abschwächung verwendet werden, sowie die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Bogen und Instrument beim Spielvorgang. An Dielektrischen Elastomeraktormembranen wurde dagegen der Einfluss der elastischen Eigenschaften des Membranmaterials auf das akustische und elektromechanische Schwingungsverhalten gezeigt. Die Dissertation gliedert sich in drei Teile, deren wesentliche Ergebnisse im Folgenden zusammengefasst werden. In Teil I wurde die Funktionsweise eines abstimmbaren Schwingungstilgers zur Dämpfung von Wolftönen auf Streichinstrumenten untersucht. Durch Abstimmung der Resonanzfrequenz des Schwingungstilgers auf die Wolftonfrequenz kann ein Teil der Saitenschwingungen absorbiert werden, so dass die zu starke Anregung der Korpusresonanz vermieden wird, die den Wolfton verursacht. Der Schwingungstilger besteht aus einem „Wolftöter“, einem Massestück, welches auf der Nachlänge der betroffenen Saite (zwischen Steg und Saitenhalter) installiert wird. Hier wurde gezeigt, wie die Resonanzen dieses Schwingungstilgers von der Masse des Wolftöters und von dessen Position auf der Nachlänge abhängen. Aber auch die Geometrie des Wolftöters stellte sich als ausschlaggebend heraus, insbesondere bei einem nicht-rotationssymmetrischen Wolftöter: In diesem Fall entsteht – basierend auf den zu erwartenden nicht-harmonischen Moden einer massebelasteten Saite – eine zusätzliche Mode, die von der Polarisationsrichtung der Saitenschwingung abhängt. Teil II der Dissertation befasst sich mit Elastomermembranen, die als Basis von Dielektrischen Elastomeraktoren dienen, und die wegen der Membranspannung auch akustische Resonanzen aufweisen. Die Ansprache von Elastomeraktoren hängt unter anderem von der Geschwindigkeit der elektrischen Anregung ab. Die damit zusammenhängenden viskoelastischen Eigenschaften der hier verwendeten Elastomere, Silikon und Acrylat, wurden einerseits in einer frequenzabhängigen dynamisch-mechanischen Analyse des Elastomers erfasst, andererseits auch optisch an vollständigen Aktoren selbst gemessen. Die höhere Viskosität des Acrylats, das bei tieferen Frequenzen höhere Aktuationsdehnungen als das Silikon zeigt, führt zu einer Verminderung der Dehnungen bei höheren Frequenzen, so dass über etwa 40 Hertz mit Silikon größere Aktuationsdehnungen erreicht werden. Mit den untersuchten Aktoren konnte die Gitterkonstante weicher optischer Beugungsgitter kontrolliert werden, die als zusätzlicher Film auf der Membran installiert wurden. Über eine Messung der akustischen Resonanzfrequenz von Elastomermebranen aus Acrylat in 1Abhängigkeit von ihrer Vorstreckung konnte in Verbindung mit einer Modellierung des hyperelastischen Verhaltens des Elastomers (Ogden-Modell) der Schermodul bestimmt werden. Schließlich wird in Teil III die Untersuchung von Geigen und ihrer Streichanregung mit Hilfe minimal-invasiver piezoelektrischer Polymerfilme geschildert. Es konnten am Bogen und am Steg von Geigen – unter den beiden Füßen des Stegs – jeweils zwei Filmsensoren installiert werden. Mit den beiden Sensoren am Steg wurden Frequenzgänge von Geigen gemessen, welche eine Bestimmung der frequenzabhängigen Stegbewegung erlaubten. Diese Methode ermöglicht damit auch eine umfassende Charakterisierung der Signaturmoden in Bezug auf die Stegdynamik. Die Ergebnisse der komplementären Methoden von Impulsanregung und natürlichem Spielen der Geigen konnten dank der Sensoren verglichen werden. Für die Nutzung der Sensoren am Bogen – insbesondere für eine Messung des Bogendrucks – wurde eine Kalibrierung des Bogen-Sensor-Systems mit Hilfe einer Materialprüfmaschine durchgeführt. Bei einer Messung während des natürlichen Spielens wurde mit den Sensoren am Bogen einerseits die Übertragung der Saitenschwingung auf den Bogen festgestellt. Dabei konnten außerdem longitudinale Bogenhaarresonanzen identifiziert werden, die von der Position der Saite auf dem Bogen abhängen. Aus der Analyse dieses Phänomens konnte die longitudinale Wellengeschwindigkeit der Bogenhaare bestimmt werden, die eine wichtige Größe für die Kopplung zwischen Saite und Bogen ist. Mit Hilfe des Systems aus Sensoren an Bogen und Steg werden auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Arbeit Studien an Streichinstrumenten vorgeschlagen, in denen die Bespielbarkeit der Instrumente zu den jeweils angeregten Steg- und Bogenschwingungen in Beziehung gesetzt werden kann. Damit könnte nicht zuletzt auch die bisher nicht vollständig geklärte Rolle des Bogens für Klang und Bespielbarkeit besser beurteilt werden N2 - The sound of musical instruments is created by the interaction of their vibrational modes, which are a result of the geometrical structure and the material used in a certain instrument. In this thesis, the vibrations of bowed string instruments are studied by means of minimally-invasive polymer-film sensors. The investigated coupling phenomena comprise the wolf tone and the wolf-tone absorbers as well as the mutual interference between the bow and the instrument during playing. In a methodically related study, the acoustical and mechanical behaviour of dielectric elastomer actuators was examined, with a focus on the influence of the elastic membrane material and settings on the actuation and the resonator properties. The dissertation is arranged into three parts, the main findings of which are summarised in the following. In part I, the working principle of a tunable vibration absorber for the attenuation of wolf tones on bowed string instruments is investigated. By tuning the resonance frequency of the vibration absorber to match the wolf-tone frequency, a part of the string vibrations can be absorbed. Thus, a strong excitation of the body mode, which causes the wolf, can be avoided. The vibration absorber consists of a piece of mass, the wolf suppressor, which is installed on the afterlength of the concerned string (between the bridge and the tailpiece). It is shown here how the resonances of this vibration-absorber system depend on the mass and the position of the wolf suppressor on the afterlength. Moreover, also the geometry of the suppressor was found to play a role, especially in the case of a suppressor that is not axially symmetric: Then, based on the non-harmonic modes that can be expected for a mass-loaded string, an additional mode is created that depends on the polarisation of the string vibrations. The second part of the thesis deals with elastomer membranes that serve as the basis of dielectric elastomer actuators. In these systems, acoustical resonances can also be observed, due to the membrane tension. Among other things, the response of elastomer actuators also depends on the velocity of the electric excitation. The corresponding viscoelastic properties of the elastomers that are studied in this work, silicone and acrylic, were captured by two kinds frequency-response measurements. On the one hand, a dynamic-mechanical analysis with varied frequency was carried out on the pure elastomers; on the other hand, the performance of the assembled actuators was measured with a high-speed camera. The high viscosity of the acrylic, which shows larger actuation strains than the silicone at lower frequencies, leads to a reduction of strains at higher frequencies so that above 40 Hz, the silicone-based actuators achieve larger actuation strains. The investigated actuators were used to control soft diffraction gratings on the actuator membrane. By measuring the acoustical resonance frequency of acrylic elastomer membranes at different pre-stretches, the shear modulus of the material could be determined on the basis of the Ogden hyperelastic material law. Finally, in part III, an investigation of violins and their interactions with the bow is described in which minimally-invasive piezoelectric polymer films are used for vibration detection. Two film sensors were installed, respectively, on the bow and under the bridge 1of violins. With the two sensors under the bridge feet, the frequency response of violins was recorded, by which the frequency-dependent bridge motions could be determined. This method allows for a comprehensive characterisation of the signature modes with respect to the bridge dynamics. The results of the complementary methods of impulse excitation and natural playing of the violin could be compared owing to the sensors. To use the sensors on the bow – in particular, for a measurement of the bow force – the bow-sensor system was calibrated with the help of a materials testing machine. With the sensors on the bow, the transfer of string vibrations to the bow during normal playing could be captured. In the same measurement, longitudinal bow-hair resonances were identified which depend on the position of the string on the bow. The analysis of this phenomenon yielded the longitudinal wave velocity on the bow hair, an important factor for the string-bow coupling. Using the described system of sensors on the bow and the violin, further studies are proposed, in particular to relate the playability of bowed string instruments to the simultaneous bow and string vibrations. Thus, the yet incompletely fathomed role of the bow for sound and playability could be more comprehensively assessed. KW - musikalische Akustik KW - musical acoustics KW - Schwingungstilger KW - dynamic vibration absorber KW - Physik der Musikinstrumente KW - physics of musical instruments KW - Ferroelektrete KW - ferroelectrets KW - Piezoelektrische Sensoren KW - piezoelectric sensors KW - Dielektrische Elastomeraktoren KW - Geige KW - violin Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411772 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gibson, Mark A1 - Sotiropoulou, Stavroula A1 - Tobin, Stephen A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Temporal Aspects of Word Initial Single Consonants and Consonants in Clusters in Spanish JF - Phonetic N2 - We examined gestural coordination in C1C2 (C1 stop, C2 lateral or tap) word initial clusters using articulatory (electromagnetic articulometry) and acoustic data from six speakers of Standard Peninsular Spanish. We report on patterns of voice onset time (VOT), gestural plateau duration of C1, C2, and their overlap. For VOT, as expected, place of articulation is a major factor, with velars exhibiting longer VOTs than labials. Regarding C1 plateau duration, voice and place effects were found such that voiced consonants are significantly shorter than voiceless consonants, and velars show longer duration than labials. For C2 plateau duration, lateral duration was found to vary as a function of onset complexity (C vs. CC). As for overlap, unlike in French, where articulatory data for clusters have also been examined, clusters where both C1 and C2 are voiced show more overlap than where voicing differs. Further, overlap was affected by the C2 such that clusters where C2 is a tap show less overlap than clusters where C2 is a lateral. We discuss these results in the context of work aiming to uncover phonetic (e.g., articulatory or perceptual) and phonological forces (e.g., syllabic organization) on timing. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000501508 SN - 0031-8388 SN - 1423-0321 VL - 76 IS - 6 SP - 448 EP - 478 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Gibert, Arthur T1 - Influence of Amyloid Aggregates on the Trafficking and Signaling of GPCRs T1 - Einfluss von Amyloidaggregaten auf den Transport und die Signalübertragung von G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren N2 - The prevalence of diseases associated with misfolded proteins increases with age. When cellular defense mechanisms become limited, misfolded proteins form aggregates and may also develop more stable cross-β structures ultimately forming amyloid aggregates. Amyloid aggregates are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease. The formation of amyloid deposits, their toxicity and cellular defense mechanisms have been intensively studied. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of protein aggregates on cellular signal transduction. It is also not understood whether the presence of aggregation-prone, but still soluble proteins affect signal transduction. In this study, the still soluble aggregation-prone HttExon1Q74 and its amyloid aggregates were used to analyze the effect of amyloid aggregates on internalization and receptor activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest protein family of mammalian cell surface receptors involved in signal transduction. The aggregated HttExon1Q74, but not its soluble form, could inhibit ligand-induced clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of various GPCRs. Most likely this inhibitory effect is based on a terminal sequestration of the HSC70 chaperone to the aggregates which is necessary for CME. Using the vasopressinV1a receptor (V1aR) and the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1R) as a model, it could be shown that the presence of HttExon1Q74 aggregates and the inhibition of ligand-induced CME leads to an accumulation of desensitized receptors at the plasma membrane. In turn, this disrupts Gq-mediated Ca2+ signaling and Gs-mediated cAMP signaling of the V1aR and the CRF1R respectively. In contrast to HttExon1Q74 amyloid aggregates, soluble HttExon1Q74 as well as amorphous aggregates did not inhibit GPCR internalization and signaling demonstrating that cellular signal transduction mechanisms are specifically impaired in response to the formation of amyloid aggregates. In addition, preliminary experiments could show that HttExon1Q74 aggregates provoke an increase in membrane expression of a protein from a structurally and functionally unrelated membrane protein family, namely the serotonin transporter SERT. As SERT is the main pharmacological target to treat depression this could shed light on this commonly occurring comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular in early disease states. N2 - Die Prävalenz von Krankheiten, die mit fehlgefalteten Proteinen assoziiert sind, nimmt mit dem Alter zu. Wenn die zellulären Abwehrmechanismen weniger effizient werden, können fehlgefaltete Proteine nicht nur einfache Aggregate bilden, sondern auch stabilere Cross-β-Strukturen, die am Ende zu sogenannten Amyloidaggregaten führen können. Amyloidaggregate sind mit neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie z. B. der Alzheimer Erkrankung und dem Huntington-Syndrom assoziiert. Die Bildung von Amyloidablagerungen, ihre Toxizität und die zellulären Abwehrmechanismen wurden in den letzten Jahren intensiv untersucht. Über die Auswirkungen von Proteinaggregaten auf die zelluläre Signaltransduktion ist jedoch überraschend wenig bekannt. Es ist auch nicht bekannt, ob bereits das Vorhandensein von löslichen Vorstadien dieser zur Aggregation neigenden Protein, die Signaltransduktion von Zellen beeinflusst. In dieser Studie wurden Amyloidaggregate des auf dem Huntingtin-Protein basierenden Konstrukts HttExon1Q74 und seine noch löslichen Formen verwendet, um deren Wirkung auf die Internalisierung und Rezeptoraktivierung von G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCRs) zu analysieren. GPCR bilden die größte Proteinfamilie von Oberflächenrezeptoren in Säugerzellen und spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in der zellulären Signaltransduktion. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass aggregiertes HttExon1Q74, aber nicht seine noch lösliche Form, die ligandeninduzierte Clathrin-vermittelte Endozytose (CME) verschiedener GPCRs hemmt. Höchstwahrscheinlich beruht dieser inhibitorische Effekt auf einer Sequestrierung des HSC70-Chaperons zu den HttExon1Q74-Aggregaten. In früheren Studien konnte bereits gezeigt werden, dass HSC70 die für CME notwendig ist. Unter Verwendung des VasopressinV1a-Rezeptors (V1aR) und des Corticotropin-Releasing-Faktor-Rezeptors 1 (CRF1R) als Modellproteine, konnte in dieser Arbeit ferner gezeigt werden, dass das Vorhandensein von HttExon1Q74-Aggregaten und die Hemmung der ligandeninduzierten CME zu einer Akkumulation desensibilisierter Rezeptoren in der Plasmamembran führt. Dies stört wiederum die Gq-vermittelte Ca2+-Signalisierung und die Gs-vermittelte cAMP-Signalisierung des V1aR bzw. des CRF1R. Im Gegensatz zu HttExon1Q74-Amyloidaggregaten hemmten lösliches HttExon1Q74 sowie amorphe Proteinaggregate die GPCR-Internalisierung und –Signalisierung nicht. Dies zeigt, dass Amyloidaggregate zelluläre Signaltransduktionsmechanismen spezifisch beeinträchtigen können. Darüber hinaus konnten vorläufige Experimente zeigen, dass HttExon1Q74-Aggregate eine Erhöhung der Membranexpression des Serotonintranporters SERT verursachen, eines Membranproteins das strukturell und funktionell nicht mit GPCR verwandt ist. Da SERT das wichtigste pharmakologische Zielmolekül bei der Behandlung von depressiven Syndromen ist, könnten diese Daten dazu beitragen, besser zu verstehen, warum Depressionen in sehr frühen Stadien von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen gehäuft auftreten. KW - GPCR KW - neurodegenerative KW - disease KW - protein trafficking KW - cell signaling KW - Huntington KW - GPCR KW - Huntington KW - Zellsignalisierung KW - neurodegenerative Erkrankung KW - Proteinhandel Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-506659 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gibbs, Moreland D. A1 - Reeves, Rosalind A. A1 - Sunna, Anwar A1 - Bergquist, Peter L. T1 - A yeast intron as a translational terminator in a plasmid shuttle vector N2 - Plasmid shuttle vectors that contain both prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic origins of replication are routinely used in molecular biology since E coli is generally the organism of choice for manipulation of recombinant DNA. Initial transformation of the shuttle vector into E coli allows production of microgram quantities of DNA suitable for transformation of low-transformationefficiency hosts. A shuttle/expression vector for the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, pCWK1, allows recombinant protein fused to the killer toxin signal sequence to be secreted to the medium. The heterologous genes are transcribed under the control of the K lactis LAC4 promoter, which is tightly regulated in K lactis. However, in E coli the LAC4 promoter functions constitutively, and as a result, uncontrolled transcription and translation of genes that are toxic in E coli can result in cell death, and subsequent failure to recover intact E. coli transformants. We have constructed and tested a modified shuttle vector that contains a K lactis ribosomal intron that acts as a translational terminator in E coli, preventing or reducing the expression of recombinant proteins and avoiding toxicity. When transcribed in K lactis, the intron is spliced from the mRNA allowing the translation of intact full- length, active recombinant gene product. (C) 2003 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Y1 - 2004 SN - 1567-1356 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gibbon, Dafydd A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Intonation und die Strukturierung eines Diskurses T1 - Intonation and the structuring of a discourse N2 - Inhalt: 1. Überblick 2. Beschreibungskategorien für Intonation 3. Transkriptionskonventionen 4. Intonationsverläufe 5. Kontextbeschreibung 6. Semantische Diskursentwicklung 7. Zur Wechselwirkung von Intonation und Diskursverlauf N2 - The intonation of a stretch of German dialogue, taken from a listener participation programme about housing problems, is investigated in respect of its function in discourse development. A selection of formal properties of intonation is described; these include pitch accents, understood as pulse-like variations in pitch, and the properties of sequences of such accents. In particular the iterative character of accentuation and the cumulation of accent patterns with similar properties is show to configure both turn-taking processes and the semantic development of the dialogue. These relations are interpreted as having strategic value for the role of the moderator. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 46 Y1 - 1983 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41912 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Gibali, Aviv A1 - Shoikhet, David A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich T1 - On the convergence of continuous Newton method N2 - In this paper we study the convergence of continuous Newton method for solving nonlinear equations with holomorphic mappings in complex Banach spaces. Our contribution is based on a recent progress in the geometric theory of spirallike functions. We prove convergence theorems and illustrate them by numerical simulations. T3 - Preprints des Instituts für Mathematik der Universität Potsdam - 4 (2015)10 KW - Newton method KW - spirallike function Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-81537 SN - 2193-6943 VL - 4 IS - 10 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giarolla, Emanuel A1 - Veiga, Sandro F. A1 - Nobre, Paulo A1 - Silva, Manoel B. A1 - Capistrano, Vinicius B. A1 - Callegare, Andyara O. T1 - Sea surface height trends in the southern hemisphere oceans simulated by the Brazilian Earth System Model under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios JF - Journal of southern hemisphere earth systems science N2 - The Brazilian Earth System Model (BESM-OA2.5), while simulating the historical period proposed by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), detects an increasing trend in the sea surface height (SSH) on the southern hemisphere oceans relative to that of the pre-industrial era. The increasing trend is accentuated in the CMIP5 RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 future scenarios with higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study sheds light on the sources of such trends in these regions. The results suggest an association with the thermal expansion of the oceans in the upper 700 m due to a gradual warming inflicted by those future scenarios. BESM-OA2.5 presents a surface height increase of 0.11 m in the historical period of 1850-2005. Concerning future projections, BESM-OA2.5 projects SSH increases of 0.14 and 0.23 m (relative to the historical 2005 value) for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, by the end of 2100. These increases are predominantly in a band of latitude within 35-60 degrees S in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The reproducibility of the trend signal detected in the BESM-OA2.5 simulations is confirmed by the results of three other CMIP5 models. KW - Brazilian Earth System Model KW - CMIP5 KW - IPCC AR5 scenarios KW - RCP4.5 KW - RCP8.5 KW - sea level trends KW - sea surface height KW - southern hemisphere oceans Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1071/ES19042 SN - 2206-5865 VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 280 EP - 289 PB - CSIRO CY - Clayton ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giardina, Roberto T1 - Niedergang eines Abenteuers : beim Giro d"Italia zählt nicht allein die Zeit Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianturco, Franco A. A1 - Kumar, Sanjay A1 - Vetter, Reinhard A1 - Ritschel, Thomas A1 - Zülicke, Lutz T1 - Interaction anisotropy and vibrational excitation in proton scattering from N2(1sigma g+) Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannitsis, Evangelos A1 - Roth, Heinz Jürgen A1 - Leithaeuser, Renate M. A1 - Scherhag, Jürgen A1 - Beneke, Ralt A1 - Katus, Hugo A. T1 - New highly sensitivity assay used to measure cardiac troponin T concentration changes during a continuous 216- km marathon Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.clinchem.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.116566 SN - 0009-9147 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianniotis, Nikolaos A1 - Schnoerr, Christoph A1 - Molkenthin, Christian A1 - Bora, Sanjay Singh T1 - Approximate variational inference based on a finite sample of Gaussian latent variables JF - Pattern Analysis & Applications N2 - Variational methods are employed in situations where exact Bayesian inference becomes intractable due to the difficulty in performing certain integrals. Typically, variational methods postulate a tractable posterior and formulate a lower bound on the desired integral to be approximated, e.g. marginal likelihood. The lower bound is then optimised with respect to its free parameters, the so-called variational parameters. However, this is not always possible as for certain integrals it is very challenging (or tedious) to come up with a suitable lower bound. Here, we propose a simple scheme that overcomes some of the awkward cases where the usual variational treatment becomes difficult. The scheme relies on a rewriting of the lower bound on the model log-likelihood. We demonstrate the proposed scheme on a number of synthetic and real examples, as well as on a real geophysical model for which the standard variational approaches are inapplicable. KW - Bayesian inference KW - Posterior estimation KW - Expectation maximisation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-015-0496-9 SN - 1433-7541 SN - 1433-755X VL - 19 SP - 475 EP - 485 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianniotis, Nikolaos A1 - Kuehn, Nicolas A1 - Scherbaum, Frank T1 - Manifold aligned ground motion prediction equations for regional datasets JF - Computers & geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology N2 - Inferring a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for a region in which only a small number of seismic events has been observed is a challenging task. A response to this data scarcity is to utilise data from other regions in the hope that there exist common patterns in the generation of ground motion that can contribute to the development of a GMPE for the region in question. This is not an unreasonable course of action since we expect regional GMPEs to be related to each other. In this work we model this relatedness by assuming that the regional GMPEs occupy a common low-dimensional manifold in the space of all possible GMPEs. As a consequence, the GMPEs are fitted in a joint manner and not independent of each other, borrowing predictive strength from each other's regional datasets. Experimentation on a real dataset shows that the manifold assumption displays better predictive performance over fitting regional GMPEs independent of each other. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Ground-motion-model KW - Bagging KW - Ensembles KW - Manifold KW - Regional-dependence Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.04.014 SN - 0098-3004 SN - 1873-7803 VL - 69 SP - 72 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannini, Paola A1 - Richter, Tim A1 - Servetto, Marco A1 - Zucca, Elena T1 - Tracing sharing in an imperative pure calculus JF - Science of computer programming N2 - We introduce a type and effect system, for an imperative object calculus, which infers sharing possibly introduced by the evaluation of an expression, represented as an equivalence relation among its free variables. This direct representation of sharing effects at the syntactic level allows us to express in a natural way, and to generalize, widely-used notions in literature, notably uniqueness and borrowing. Moreover, the calculus is pure in the sense that reduction is defined on language terms only, since they directly encode store. The advantage of this non-standard execution model with respect to a behaviorally equivalent standard model using a global auxiliary structure is that reachability relations among references are partly encoded by scoping. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Imperative calculi KW - Sharing KW - Type and effect systems Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2018.11.007 SN - 0167-6423 SN - 1872-7964 VL - 172 SP - 180 EP - 202 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannetti, Daniela A1 - Umansky, Karen A1 - Sened, Itai T1 - The entry of the M5S and the reshaping of party politics in Italy (2008–2018) JF - Government & opposition N2 - This article examines how challenger parties enter the political arena and the effect of this entry by looking at the Italian 5 Star Movement (Movimento 5 Stelle – M5S). We explain the M5S's entry strategy in 2013 using the spatial approach to party competition and employing expert survey data collected for each national election between 2008 and 2018. These data allow us to analyse the changing spatial configuration of Italian politics due to the increasing salience of pro/anti-EU and pro/anti-immigration dimensions. We then apply the theoretical notion of the uncovered set (UCS) to trace how the M5S's entry reshaped the overall space of party competition, causing a realignment of existing parties. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the electoral success of challenger parties and the emerging cleavages and polarization of party systems in Western European countries. KW - populist parties KW - issue salience KW - uncovered set KW - 5 star movement KW - Italy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.38 SN - 0017-257X SN - 1477-7053 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 464 EP - 481 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giannatelli, Ada A1 - Tomasini, Alessandra ED - Meinel, Christoph ED - Schweiger, Stefanie ED - Staubitz, Thomas ED - Conrad, Robert ED - Alario Hoyos, Carlos ED - Ebner, Martin ED - Sancassani, Susanna ED - Żur, Agnieszka ED - Friedl, Christian ED - Halawa, Sherif ED - Gamage, Dilrukshi ED - Scott, Jeffrey ED - Kristine Jonson Carlon, May ED - Deville, Yves ED - Gaebel, Michael ED - Delgado Kloos, Carlos ED - von Schmieden, Karen T1 - Descriptors and EU Standards to support the recognition of MOOCs JF - EMOOCs 2023 : Post-Covid Prospects for Massive Open Online Courses - Boost or Backlash? N2 - Digital technologies have enabled a variety of learning offers that opened new challenges in terms of recognition of formal, informal and non-formal learning, such as MOOCs. This paper focuses on how providing relevant data to describe a MOOC is conducive to increase the transparency of information and, ultimately, the flexibility of European higher education. The EU-funded project ECCOE took up these challenges and developed a solution by identifying the most relevant descriptors of a learning opportunity with a view to supporting a European system for micro-credentials. Descriptors indicate the specific properties of a learning opportunity according to European standards. They can provide a recognition framework also for small volumes of learning (micro-credentials) to support the integration of non-formal learning (MOOCs) into formal learning (e.g. institutional university courses) and to tackle skills shortage, upskilling and reskilling by acquiring relevant competencies. The focus on learning outcomes can facilitate the recognition of skills and competences of students and enhance both virtual and physical mobility and employability. This paper presents two contexts where ECCOE descriptors have been adopted: the Politecnico di Milano MOOC platform (Polimi Open Knowledge – POK), which is using these descriptors as the standard information to document the features of its learning opportunities, and the EU-funded Uforest project on urban forestry, which developed a blended training program for students of partner universities whose MOOCs used the ECCOE descriptors. Practice with ECCOE descriptors shows how they can be used not only to detail MOOC features, but also as a compass to design the learning offer. In addition, some rules of thumb can be derived and applied when using specific descriptors. KW - Digitale Bildung KW - Kursdesign KW - MOOC KW - Micro Degree KW - Online-Lehre KW - Onlinekurs KW - Onlinekurs-Produktion KW - digital education KW - e-learning KW - micro degree KW - micro-credential KW - online course creation KW - online course design KW - online teaching Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-623967 SP - 133 EP - 146 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giangrisostomi, Erika A1 - Ovsyannikov, Ruslan A1 - Sorgenfrei, Nomi A1 - Zhang, Teng A1 - Lindblad, Andreas A1 - Sassa, Yasmine A1 - Cappel, Ute B. A1 - Leitner, Torsten A1 - Mitzner, Rolf A1 - Svensson, Svante A1 - Martensson, Nils A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Low Dose Photoelectron Spectroscopy at BESSY II BT - electronic structure of matter in its native state JF - Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy N2 - The implementation of a high-transmission, angular-resolved time-of-Right electron spectrometer with a 1.25 MHz pulse selector at the PM4 soft X-ray dipole beamline of the synchrotron BESSY II creates unique capabilities to inquire electronic structure via photoelectron spectroscopy with a minimum of radiation dose. Solid-state samples can be prepared and characterized with standard UHV techniques and rapidly transferred from various preparation chambers to a 4-axis temperature-controlled measurement stage. A synchronized MHz laser system enables excited-state characterization and dynamical studies starting from the picosecond timescale. This article introduces the principal characteristics of the PM4 beamline and LowDosePES end-station. Recent results from graphene, an organic hole transport material for solar cells and the transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 are presented to demonstrate the instrument performances. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2017.05.011 SN - 0368-2048 SN - 1873-2526 VL - 224 SP - 68 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Ranzini, Mariagrazia A1 - Marzocchi, Michele A1 - Micheli, Leticia Rettore A1 - Borghi, Anna M. T1 - Influence of numerical magnitudes on the free choice of an object position T2 - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science Y1 - 2012 SN - 1612-4782 VL - 13 SP - S41 EP - S41 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Ranzini, Mariagrazia A1 - Marzocchi, Michele A1 - Micheli, Leticia Rettore A1 - Borghi, Anna M. T1 - Influence of numerical magnitudes on the free choice of an object position JF - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science N2 - The link between numerical magnitude and mechanisms of spatial orienting has been underlined in an increasing number of studies. Similarly, the relationship between numerical magnitude and grasping actions has started to be investigated. The present study focuses on the influence of numerical magnitude processing in the free choice of the position of an object. Participants were presented with a digit (1-9 without 5) and were required to decide whether it was smaller or larger than 5. Then, they had to grasp a small cube and change its position before vocally responding "higher" or "lower". Results showed that in the initial phase of the grasp movement, the grip aperture was modulated by the numerical magnitude. Moreover, participants shifted the position of the cube more leftward with smaller digits compared with larger ones, and they tended to position the object closer to themselves with smaller digits compared with larger ones. These results extend the previous findings indicating that the processing of magnitude is tightly related to the mechanisms of spatial orienting that subserve action execution. KW - Spatial-numerical associations KW - Magnitude processing KW - Hand kinematics KW - Embodied cognition Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-012-0483-7 SN - 1612-4782 VL - 13 SP - S185 EP - S188 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Marzocchi, Michele A1 - Borghi, Anna M. T1 - Grasping the Agent’s Perspective BT - a Kinematics Investigation of Linguistic Perspective in Italian and German JF - Frontiers in psychology KW - perspective taking KW - action KW - language comprehension KW - motor chains KW - motor system KW - motor resonance KW - pronouns KW - action verbs Y1 - 0107 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00042 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Lugli, Luisa A1 - Baroni, Giulia A1 - Nicoletti, Roberto A1 - Borghi, Anna M. T1 - The impact of social context and language comprehension on behaviour - a kinematic investigation JF - PLoS one N2 - We investigated whether and how comprehending sentences that describe a social context influences our motor behaviour. Our stimuli were sentences that referred to objects having different connotations (e.g., attractive/ugly vs smooth/prickly) and that could be directed towards the self or towards "another person" target (e The object is ugly/smooth. Bring it to you/Give it to another person"). Participants judged whether each sentence was sensible or non-sensible by moving the mouse towards or away from their body. Mouse movements were analysed according to behavioral and kinematics parameters. In order to enhance the social meaning of the linguistic stimuli, participants performed the task either individually (Individual condition) or in a social setting, in co-presence with the experimenter. The experimenter could either act as a mere observer (Social condition) or as a confederate, interacting with participants in an off-line modality at the end of task execution (Joint condition), Results indicated that the different roles taken by the experimenter affected motor behaviour and are discussed within an embodied approach to language processing and joint actions. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085151 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Kühne, Katharina A1 - Lo Presti, Sara A1 - Mencaraglia, Silvia A1 - Dalla Volta, Riccardo T1 - Action processing in the motor system BT - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities JF - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research N2 - In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words. Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200 ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500 ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs' suppression started as early as 150 ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500 ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities. KW - TMS KW - motor cortex KW - action observation KW - action language KW - motor KW - inhibition KW - motor-evoked potentials Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.105510 SN - 0278-2626 SN - 1090-2147 VL - 139 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Gentilucci, Maurizio T1 - Editorial: Reaching to Grasp Cognition: Analyzing Motor Behavior to Investigate Social Interactions T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - kinematics KW - social cognition KW - action observation KW - imitation KW - joint action KW - complementary actions KW - cooperation and competition KW - embodied cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01236 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Dalla Volta, Riccardo T1 - Does listening to action-related sentences modulate the activity of the motor system? BT - Replication of a combined TMS and behavioral study N2 - The neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of action-related language processing have been debated for long time. A precursor in this field was the study by Buccino et al. (2005) combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and behavioral measures (reaction times, RTs) to study the effect of listening to hand- and foot-related sentences. In the TMS experiment, the authors showed a decrease of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from hand muscles when processing hand-related verbs as compared to foot-related verbs. Similarly, MEPs recorded from leg muscles decreased when participants processed foot-related as compared to hand-related verbs. In the behavioral experiment, using the same stimuli and a semantic decision task the authors found slower RTs when the participants used the body effector (hand or foot) involved in the actual execution of the action expressed by the presented verb to give their motor responses. These findings were interpreted as an interference effect due to a simultaneous involvement of the motor system in both a language and a motor task. Our replication aimed to enlarge the sample size and replicate the findings with higher statistical power. The TMS experiment showed a significant modulation of hand MEPs, but in the sense of a motor facilitation when processing hand-related verbs. On the contrary, the behavioral experiment did not show significant results. The results are discussed within the general debate on the time-course of the modulation of motor cortex during implicit and explicit language processing and in relation to the studies on action observation/understanding. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 272 KW - action language KW - motor system KW - TMS KW - motor resonance KW - interference KW - replication Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-75173 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gianelli, Claudia A1 - Dalla Volta, Riccardo T1 - Does listening to action-related sentences modulate the activity of the motor system? BT - Replication of a combined TMS and behavioral study JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of action-related language processing have been debated for long time. A precursor in this field was the study by Buccino et al. (2005) combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and behavioral measures (reaction times, RTs) to study the effect of listening to hand- and foot-related sentences. In the TMS experiment, the authors showed a decrease of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from hand muscles when processing hand-related verbs as compared to foot-related verbs. Similarly, MEPs recorded from leg muscles decreased when participants processed foot-related as compared to hand-related verbs. In the behavioral experiment, using the same stimuli and a semantic decision task the authors found slower RTs when the participants used the body effector (hand or foot) involved in the actual execution of the action expressed by the presented verb to give their motor responses. These findings were interpreted as an interference effect due to a simultaneous involvement of the motor system in both a language and a motor task. Our replication aimed to enlarge the sample size and replicate the findings with higher statistical power. The TMS experiment showed a significant modulation of hand MEPs, but in the sense of a motor facilitation when processing hand-related verbs. On the contrary, the behavioral experiment did not show significant results. The results are discussed within the general debate on the time-course of the modulation of motor cortex during implicit and explicit language processing and in relation to the studies on action observation/understanding. KW - action language KW - motor system KW - TMS KW - motor resonance KW - interference KW - replication Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01511 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 5 SP - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giacomini, Amadeo T1 - Der Grappa, das Friaul, ein Preis Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghylin, Trevor W. A1 - Garcia, Sarahi L. A1 - Moya, Francisco A1 - Oyserman, Ben O. A1 - Schwientek, Patrick A1 - Forest, Katrina T. A1 - Mutschler, James A1 - Dwulit-Smith, Jeffrey A1 - Chan, Leong-Keat A1 - Martinez-Garcia, Manuel A1 - Sczyrba, Alexander A1 - Stepanauskas, Ramunas A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Woyke, Tanja A1 - Warnecke, Falk A1 - Malmstrom, Rex A1 - Bertilsson, Stefan A1 - McMahon, Katherine D. T1 - Comparative single-cell genomics reveals potential ecological niches for the freshwater acl Actinobacteria lineage JF - The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology N2 - Members of the acI lineage of Actinobacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in most freshwater lakes; however, our understanding of the keys to their success and their role in carbon and nutrient cycling in freshwater systems has been hampered by the lack of pure cultures and genomes. We obtained draft genome assemblies from 11 single cells representing three acI tribes (acI-A1, acI-A7, acI-B1) from four temperate lakes in the United States and Europe. Comparative analysis of acI SAGs and other available freshwater bacterial genomes showed that acI has more gene content directed toward carbohydrate acquisition as compared to Polynucleobacter and LD12 Alphaproteobacteria, which seem to specialize more on carboxylic acids. The acI genomes contain actinorhodopsin as well as some genes involved in anaplerotic carbon fixation indicating the capacity to supplement their known heterotrophic lifestyle. Genome-level differences between the acI-A and acI-B clades suggest specialization at the clade level for carbon substrate acquisition. Overall, the acI genomes appear to be highly streamlined versions of Actinobacteria that include some genes allowing it to take advantage of sunlight and N-rich organic compounds such as polyamines, di-and oligopeptides, branched-chain amino acids and cyanophycin. This work significantly expands the known metabolic potential of the cosmopolitan freshwater acI lineage and its ecological and genetic traits. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.135 SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 VL - 8 IS - 12 SP - 2503 EP - 2516 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Petrov, Eugene P. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Interactions of rod-like particles on responsive elastic sheets JF - Soft matter N2 - What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive–repulsive rod–rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM01522K SN - 1744-6848 SN - 1744-683X PB - RSC CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Petrov, Eugene P. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Interactions of rod-like particles on responsive elastic sheets N2 - What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive–repulsive rod–rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 256 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95882 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Petrov, Eugene P. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Interactions of rod-like particles on responsive elastic sheets JF - Soft matter N2 - What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive-repulsive rod-rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01522k SN - 1744-683X SN - 1744-6848 VL - 12 SP - 7908 EP - 7919 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf ED - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Non-universal tracer diffusion in crowded media of non-inert obstacles JF - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics N2 - We study the diffusion of a tracer particle, which moves in continuum space between a lattice of excluded volume, immobile non-inert obstacles. In particular, we analyse how the strength of the tracer–obstacle interactions and the volume occupancy of the crowders alter the diffusive motion of the tracer. From the details of partitioning of the tracer diffusion modes between trapping states when bound to obstacles and bulk diffusion, we examine the degree of localisation of the tracer in the lattice of crowders. We study the properties of the tracer diffusion in terms of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements, the trapping time distributions, the amplitude variation of the time averaged mean squared displacements, and the non-Gaussianity parameter of the diffusing tracer. We conclude that tracer–obstacle adsorption and binding triggers a transient anomalous diffusion. From a very narrow spread of recorded individual time averaged trajectories we exclude continuous type random walk processes as the underlying physical model of the tracer diffusion in our system. For moderate tracer–crowder attraction the motion is found to be fully ergodic, while at stronger attraction strength a transient disparity between ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements occurs. We also put our results into perspective with findings from experimental single-particle tracking and simulations of the diffusion of tagged tracers in dense crowded suspensions. Our results have implications for the diffusion, transport, and spreading of chemical components in highly crowded environments inside living cells and other structured liquids. KW - fluorescence correlation spectroscopy KW - single-particle tracking KW - anomalous diffusion KW - living cells KW - physiological consequences KW - langevin equation KW - infection pathway KW - excluded volume KW - brownian-motion KW - random-walks Y1 - 2014 SN - 1463-9076 VL - 3 IS - 17 SP - 1847 EP - 1858 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Non-universal tracer diffusion in crowded media of non-inert obstacles N2 - We study the diffusion of a tracer particle, which moves in continuum space between a lattice of excluded volume, immobile non-inert obstacles. In particular, we analyse how the strength of the tracer–obstacle interactions and the volume occupancy of the crowders alter the diffusive motion of the tracer. From the details of partitioning of the tracer diffusion modes between trapping states when bound to obstacles and bulk diffusion, we examine the degree of localisation of the tracer in the lattice of crowders. We study the properties of the tracer diffusion in terms of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements, the trapping time distributions, the amplitude variation of the time averaged mean squared displacements, and the non-Gaussianity parameter of the diffusing tracer. We conclude that tracer–obstacle adsorption and binding triggers a transient anomalous diffusion. From a very narrow spread of recorded individual time averaged trajectories we exclude continuous type random walk processes as the underlying physical model of the tracer diffusion in our system. For moderate tracer–crowder attraction the motion is found to be fully ergodic, while at stronger attraction strength a transient disparity between ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements occurs. We also put our results into perspective with findings from experimental single-particle tracking and simulations of the diffusion of tagged tracers in dense crowded suspensions. Our results have implications for the diffusion, transport, and spreading of chemical components in highly crowded environments inside living cells and other structured liquids. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 186 KW - escence correlation spectroscopy KW - single-particle tracking KW - anomalous diffusion KW - living cells KW - physiological consequences KW - langevin equation KW - infection pathway KW - excluded volume KW - brownian-motion KW - random-walks Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-77128 SP - 1847 EP - 1858 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Deformation propagation in responsive polymer network films JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - We study the elastic deformations in a cross-linked polymer network film triggered by the binding of submicron particles with a sticky surface, mimicking the interactions of viral pathogens with thin films of stimulus-responsive polymeric materials such as hydrogels. From extensive Langevin Dynamics simulations we quantify how far the network deformations propagate depending on the elasticity parameters of the network and the adhesion strength of the particles. We examine the dynamics of the collective area shrinkage of the network and obtain some simple relations for the associated characteristic decay lengths. A detailed analysis elucidates how the elastic energy of the network is distributed between stretching and compression modes in response to the particle binding. We also examine the force-distance curves of the repulsion or attraction interactions for a pair of sticky particles in the polymer network film as a function of the particle-particle separation. The results of this computational study provide new insight into collective phenomena in soft polymer network films and may, in particular, be applied to applications for visual detection of pathogens such as viruses via a macroscopic response of thin films of cross-linked hydrogels. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893056 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 141 IS - 7 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Non-universal tracer diffusion in crowded media of non-inert obstacles JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - We study the diffusion of a tracer particle, which moves in continuum space between a lattice of excluded volume, immobile non-inert obstacles. In particular, we analyse how the strength of the tracer-obstacle interactions and the volume occupancy of the crowders alter the diffusive motion of the tracer. From the details of partitioning of the tracer diffusion modes between trapping states when bound to obstacles and bulk diffusion, we examine the degree of localisation of the tracer in the lattice of crowders. We study the properties of the tracer diffusion in terms of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements, the trapping time distributions, the amplitude variation of the time averaged mean squared displacements, and the non-Gaussianity parameter of the diffusing tracer. We conclude that tracer-obstacle adsorption and binding triggers a transient anomalous diffusion. From a very narrow spread of recorded individual time averaged trajectories we exclude continuous type random walk processes as the underlying physical model of the tracer diffusion in our system. For moderate tracer-crowder attraction the motion is found to be fully ergodic, while at stronger attraction strength a transient disparity between ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements occurs. We also put our results into perspective with findings from experimental single-particle tracking and simulations of the diffusion of tagged tracers in dense crowded suspensions. Our results have implications for the diffusion, transport, and spreading of chemical components in highly crowded environments inside living cells and other structured liquids. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03599b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 1847 EP - 1858 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Grebenkov, Denis S. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Anomalous, non-Gaussian tracer diffusion in crowded two-dimensional environments JF - NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS N2 - A topic of intense current investigation pursues the question of how the highly crowded environment of biological cells affects the dynamic properties of passively diffusing particles. Motivated by recent experiments we report results of extensive simulations of the motion of a finite sized tracer particle in a heterogeneously crowded environment made up of quenched distributions of monodisperse crowders of varying sizes in finite circular two-dimensional domains. For given spatial distributions of monodisperse crowders we demonstrate how anomalous diffusion with strongly non-Gaussian features arises in this model system. We investigate both biologically relevant situations of particles released either at the surface of an inner domain or at the outer boundary, exhibiting distinctly different features of the observed anomalous diffusion for heterogeneous distributions of crowders. Specifically we reveal an asymmetric spreading of tracers even at moderate crowding. In addition to the mean squared displacement (MSD) and local diffusion exponent we investigate the magnitude and the amplitude scatter of the time averaged MSD of individual tracer trajectories, the non-Gaussianity parameter, and the van Hove correlation function. We also quantify how the average tracer diffusivity varies with the position in the domain with a heterogeneous radial distribution of crowders and examine the behaviour of the survival probability and the dynamics of the tracer survival probability. Inter alia, the systems we investigate are related to the passive transport of lipid molecules and proteins in two-dimensional crowded membranes or the motion in colloidal solutions or emulsions in effectively two-dimensional geometries, as well as inside supercrowded, surface adhered cells. KW - anomalous diffusion KW - crowded fluids KW - stochastic processes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/1/013027 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 18 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, H. A1 - DePoy, D. L. A1 - Gal-Yam, A. A1 - Gaudi, B. S. A1 - Gould, A. A1 - Han, C. A1 - Lipkin, Y. A1 - Maoz, D. A1 - Ofek, E. O. A1 - Park, B. G. A1 - Pogge, R. W. A1 - Salim, S. A1 - Abe, Fumio A1 - Bennett, David P. A1 - Bond, I. A. A1 - Eguchi, S. A1 - Furuta, Y. A1 - Hearnshaw, John B. A1 - Kamiya, K. A1 - Kilmartin, Pam M. A1 - Kurata, Y. A1 - Masuda, Kimiaki A1 - Matsubara, Yutaka A1 - Muraki, Y. A1 - Noda, S. A1 - Okajima, K. A1 - Rattenbury, N. J. A1 - Sako, T. A1 - Sekiguchi, T. A1 - Sullivan, D. J. A1 - Sumi, T. A1 - Tristram, P. J. A1 - Yanagisawa, T. A1 - Yock, P. C. M. A1 - Udalski, A. A1 - Soszynski, I. A1 - Wyrzykowski, X. A1 - Kubiak, Marcin A1 - Szymanski, M. K. A1 - Pietrzynski, G. A1 - Szewczyk, O. A1 - Zebru, T1 - Potential direct single-star mass measurement N2 - We analyze the light curve of the microlensing event OGLE-2003-BLG-175/MOA-2003-BLG-45 and show that it has two properties that, when combined with future high-resolution astrometry, could lead to a direct, accurate measurement of the lens mass. First, the light curve shows clear signs of distortion due to the Earth's accelerated motion, which yields a measurement of the projected Einstein radius (r) over tilde (E). Second, from precise astrometric measurements, we show that the blended light in the event is coincident with the microlensed source to within about 15 mas. This argues strongly that this blended light is the lens and hence opens the possibility of directly measuring the lens- source relative proper motion mu(rel) and so the mass M=(c(2)/4G)mu(rel)t(E)(r) over tilde (E), where t(E) is the measured Einstein timescale. While the light-curve-based measurement of (r) over tildeE is, by itself, severely degenerate, we show that this degeneracy can be completely resolved by measuring the direction of proper motion mu(rel) Y1 - 2004 SN - 0004-637X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Debjani A1 - Buss, Martin A1 - Shivhare, Amita T1 - Does contingent reward leadership enhance or diminish team creativity? BT - it depends on leader (un-) predictability JF - Journal of leadership & organizational studies N2 - Although prior research has shown that reward provision might sometimes increase creativity, little is known about how leadership that clarifies effort-reward contingencies (i.e., contingent reward leadership) is related to team creativity. Drawing on the theory of learned industriousness, we argue that contingent reward leadership can enhance team knowledge exchange and, in turn, team creative performance. However, we propose that this relationship is moderated by leader unpredictability, which can create uncertainty about resource allocation, thereby undermining the otherwise positive effect of contingent reward leadership. In a two-source, lagged design (three-wave) field study with data from 60 organizational teams, we found a conditional indirect (moderated mediation) effect of contingent reward leadership on team creative performance through team knowledge exchange. This conditional indirect effect was positive when leader unpredictability was low, and negative when leader unpredictability was high. Our research provides leaders with clear and actionable advice by showing that contingent reward leadership promotes team creative performance only when leaders act in predictable and consistent ways. KW - contingent reward leadership KW - leader unpredictability KW - team knowledge exchange KW - team creative performance Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518231216868 SN - 1548-0518 SN - 1939-7089 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gholiagha, Sassan A1 - Holzscheiter, Anna A1 - Liese, Andrea T1 - Activating norm collisions BT - interface conflicts in international drug control JF - Global constitutionalism N2 - This article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue’s interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open – which we term activation – depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts. KW - norm collisions KW - contestation KW - discourse KW - agency KW - international KW - drug control Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000388 SN - 2045-3817 SN - 2045-3825 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 290 EP - 317 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER -