TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
T1  - A wolf in sheep’s clothing?
BT  - Communal narcissism and positive implicit self-views in the communal domain
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - Communal narcissists possess the unique belief in their capability to bring about freedom to the world, and so see themselves as “saints”. To examine if this communal self-view extends to the more automatic component of self-evaluation, that is, a person’s implicit self-view, the present study (N = 701) tested the extent to which communal narcissism was associated with explicit communal self-ratings and implicit associations between the self and communal attributes. The latent correlation between communal narcissism and explicit communal self-views was strongly positive, yet no such relationship emerged for implicit communal self-views. These findings support the notion that communal narcissism may represent an effort to gain favorable appraisals from others in the absence of a genuine communal self-view.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Communion
KW  - Agency
KW  - Self
KW  - Implicit Association Test
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.07.004
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 76
SP  - 17
EP  - 21
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Kahlert, Daniela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - A Video-Based training method for improving soccer referees' intuitive decision-making skills
JF  - Journal of applied sport psychology
N2  - We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-Entscheidungs-Training, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.555346
SN  - 1041-3200
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 442
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - A validation of parafoveal semantic information extraction in reading Chinese
JF  - Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
N2  - Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2013.01556.x
SN  - 0141-0423
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - S51
EP  - S63
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Wollny, Anna
A1  - Seidler, Juliana
A1  - Wochatz, Germar
T1  - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
N2  - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.
KW  - externalization
KW  - internalization
KW  - level of personality functioning
KW  - mentalization
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - schema modes
KW  - trait emotional
KW  - intelligence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12670
SN  - 0036-5564
SN  - 1467-9450
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
SP  - 227
EP  - 236
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Wollny, Anna
A1  - Seidler, Juliana
A1  - Wochatz, Germar
T1  - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 858 
KW  - externalization
KW  - internalization
KW  - level of personality functioning
KW  - mentalization
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - schema modes
KW  - trait emotional intelligence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541857
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A theoretical analysis of the perceptual span based on SWIFT simulations of the n+2 boundary paradigm
JF  - Visual cognition
N2  - Eye-movement experiments suggest that the perceptual span during reading is larger than the fixated word, asymmetric around the fixation position, and shrinks in size contingent on the foveal processing load. We used the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading to test these hypotheses and their implications under the assumption of graded parallel processing of all words inside the perceptual span. Specifically, we simulated reading in the boundary paradigm and analysed the effects of denying the model to have valid preview of a parafoveal word n + 2 two words to the right of fixation. Optimizing the model parameters for the valid preview condition only, we obtained span parameters with remarkably realistic estimates conforming to the empirical findings on the size of the perceptual span. More importantly, the SWIFT model generated parafoveal processing up to word n + 2 without fitting the model to such preview effects. Our results suggest that asymmetry and dynamic modulation are plausible properties of the perceptual span in a parallel word-processing model such as SWIFT. Moreover, they seem to guide the flexible distribution of processing resources during reading between foveal and parafoveal words.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Computational modelling
KW  - Perceptual span
KW  - Preview
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.881444
SN  - 1350-6285
SN  - 1464-0716
VL  - 22
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 283
EP  - 308
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kansok-Dusche, Julia
A1  - Ballaschk, Cindy
A1  - Krause, Norman
A1  - Zeissig, Anke
A1  - Seemann-Herz, Lisanne
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Bilz, Ludwig
T1  - A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents
BT  - definitions, prevalence, and overlap with related phenomena
JF  - Trauma, violence & abuse : a review journal
N2  - Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (kappa = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.
KW  - hate speech
KW  - bullying
KW  - adolescents
KW  - children
KW  - youth
KW  - systematic review
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221108070
SN  - 1524-8380
SN  - 1552-8324
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 2598
EP  - 2615
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balbi, María Alejandra
A1  - von Hagen, Alexa
A1  - Cuadro, Ariel
A1  - Ruiz, Carola
T1  - A systematic review on early literacy interventions
T1  - Revisión sistemática sobre intervenciones en alfabetización temprana
BT  - implications for interventions in Spanish
BT  - implicancias para intervenir en español
JF  - Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
N2  - An area of increasing interest amongst teachers and researchers is the availability of tools for the design and implementation of literacy interventions with Spanish speaking children. The present systematic literature review contributes to this need by summarizing available findings on evidence-based literacy interventions (EBI) for children from first to third year of primary school. Our results are based on 20 EBI that aimed at improving at least one of the critical components mentioned by the NRP (2000): phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. As 90% of the studies were completed with English-speaking children, we critically discussed the applicability of this evidence to the specific context of Spanish-speaking countries. Although many of the general characteristics of the EBI completed with English speaking children could also guide interventions in Spanish, it remains crucial to take into account structural differences between the orthographies of both languages. Moreover, we identified transversal strategies and implementation techniques that due to their universal character could also be useful for early literacy interventions in Spanish. (c) 2018 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
N2  - Contar con herramientas para el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones en alfabetización con niños hispanohablantes reúne cada vez mayor interés entre docentes e investigadores. Para contribuir a esta demanda, realizamos una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de sintetizar la información disponible sobre intervenciones basadas en la evidencia (IBE) con niños de primero a tercer grado escolar. Nuestros resultados recogen información sobre 20 IBE, que buscaron mejorar al menos uno de los siguientes componentes críticos nombrados por el NRP (2000): conciencia fonológica, principio alfabético, fluidez, vocabulario y comprensión. Dado que el 90% de ellos fue realizado con niños angloparlantes nos dedicamos a discutir críticamente la aplicabilidad de esta evidencia al contexto particular de países hispanohablantes. Si bien muchas de las características generales de las IBE implementadas en inglés podrían servir de guía para intervenir en español, resulta imprescindible tener en cuenta las diferencias estructurales en la ortografía de ambas lenguas. A su vez, identificamos estrategias transversales y técnicas de implementación en las IBE, que por su carácter universal podrían ser de utilidad práctica también para intervenir en el desarrollo lector en español.
KW  - early literacy
KW  - evidence-based interventions (EBI)
KW  - reading
KW  - systematic review
KW  - superficial orthography
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n1.4
SN  - 0120-0534
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 48
PB  - Foundation advancement psychology
CY  - Bogota
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
A1  - Rheinberg, Falko
T1  - A surprising effect of feedback on learning
N2  - As meta-analyses demonstrate feedback effects on performance, our study examined possible mediators. Based on our cognitive-motivational model [Vollmeyer, R., & Rhemberg, F. (1998). Motivationale Einflusse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system]. Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23] we examined how feedback changed (1) strategies, and (2) motivation during learning, and by doing so improved (3) final performance. Students (N = 211) learned how a dynamic system works and how to reach given goal states for the system. One group received feedback (i.e., knowledge of performance) the other one did not. We expected learners to improve after they received the first feedback. However, we found that learners expecting feedback used better strategies right from the start. Thus, they acquired more knowledge over fewer trials. Although we had also expected effects of feedback on motivation during learning, we could not support this hypothesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Y1  - 2005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andree, Kai
A1  - Heywood, John S.
A1  - Schwan, Mike
A1  - Wang, Zheng
T1  - A spatial model of cartel stability
BT  - the influence of production cost convexity
JF  - Bulletin of economic research
N2  - We uniquely introduce convex production costs into a cartel model involving spatial price discrimination. We demonstrate that greater convexity improves cartel stability and that for sufficient convexity first best locations will be adopted. We show that allowing locations to vary over the game reduces cartel stability but that greater convexity continues to improve that stability. Moreover, when the degree of convexity does not support the first best collusive locations, other collusive locations exist that require less stability and these may either increase or decrease social welfare relative to competition. Critically, these locations that require less stability are more dispersed in sharp contrast to the known result assuming linear production costs.
KW  - cartel stability
KW  - convex costs
KW  - delivered pricing
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12149
SN  - 0307-3378
SN  - 1467-8586
VL  - 70
IS  - 3
SP  - 298
EP  - 311
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nazir, Tatjana A.
A1  - Hrycyk, Lianna
A1  - Moreau, Quentin
A1  - Frak, Victor
A1  - Cheylus, Anne
A1  - Ott, Laurent
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Paulignan, Yves
A1  - Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne
T1  - A simple technique to study embodied language processes
BT  - the grip force sensor
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.
KW  - Grip-force sensor
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Language
KW  - Motor system
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 49
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pingel, Ruta
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Urbach, Tina
T1  - A resources perspective on when and how proactive work behaviour leads to employee withdrawal
JF  - Journal of occupational and organizational psychology
N2  - Previous organizational behaviour research has mainly focused on the benefits of proactivity while disregarding its possible drawbacks. The present study examines the ways in which proactive behaviour may foster counterproductive behaviour through increased emotional and cognitive strain. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we propose that proactive behaviour is a resource-consuming activity that causes irritability and work-related rumination, which, in turn, leads to instrumentally driven employee withdrawal. Further, we hypothesize that external motivation towards proactivity amplifies its strain-eliciting effects. We conducted a longitudinal three-wave questionnaire study (N = 231) and tested hypotheses using an autoregressive, time-lagged model with latent variables. Results showed that when external motivation for proactivity was high, proactivity led to increased irritability and rumination; irritability was, in turn, related to higher levels of withdrawal. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that when external motivation towards proactive behaviour was high, proactive behaviour had an indirect effect on withdrawal behaviour via irritability. The direct effect of proactivity on work-related rumination was in the expected direction, but failed to reach conventional levels of significance (beta = .09, p = .08). Our results indicate that proactivity is not without costs, most clearly if motivated by external reasons.
KW  - proactive work behavior
KW  - strain
KW  - employee withdrawal
KW  - external motivation
KW  - longitudinal research
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12254
SN  - 0963-1798
SN  - 2044-8325
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
SP  - 410
EP  - 435
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Helfert, Susanne
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - A prospective study on the impact of peer and parental pressure on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys
JF  - Body image : an international journal of research
N2  - The current study explores the role of appearance-related social pressure regarding changes in body image in adolescent girls (n = 236) and boys (n = 193) over a 1-year-period. High school students aged 11-16 completed measures of body dissatisfaction (i.e., weight and muscle concerns) and appearance-related social pressure from peers and parents. Three aspects proved to be particularly crucial: Parental encouragement to control weight and shape was a strong predictor of weight concerns in boys and girls alike; influences of friends affected gender-specific body image concerns by leading to weight concerns in girls and muscle concerns in boys; finally appearance-based exclusion was a predictor of weight concerns in boys. The findings provide longitudinal evidence for the crucial impact of appearance-related social pressure and suggest that a detailed assessment of different types of social impacts can identify concrete targets for effective prevention and therapy for weight-related problems among adolescents.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Peer pressure
KW  - Parental pressure
KW  - Weight and muscle concerns
KW  - Body dissatisfaction
KW  - Longitudinal
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.004
SN  - 1740-1445
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 109
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Kamrath, Clemens
A1  - Lanzinger, Stefanie
A1  - Sengler, Claudia
A1  - Wiegand, Susanna
A1  - Göldel, Julia Marlen
A1  - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann
A1  - Holl, Reinhard
A1  - Minden, Kirsten
T1  - A prospective analysis of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and health care among children with a chronic condition and their families
BT  - a study protocol of the KICK-COVID study
JF  - BMC pediatrics
N2  - Background 
There is consistent evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased psychosocial burden on children and adolescents and their parents. Relatively little is known about its particular impact on high-risk groups with chronic physical health conditions (CCs). Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to analyze the multiple impacts on health care and psychosocial well-being on these children and adolescents and their parents.

Methods
We will implement a two-stage approach. In the first step, parents and their underage children from three German patient registries for diabetes, obesity, and rheumatic diseases, are invited to fill out short questionnaires including questions about corona-specific stressors, the health care situation, and psychosocial well-being. In the next step, a more comprehensive, in-depth online survey is carried out in a smaller subsample.

Discussion
The study will provide insights into the multiple longer-term stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with a child with a CC. The simultaneous consideration of medical and psycho-social endpoints will help to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interactions affecting family functioning, psychological well-being, and health care delivery.
KW  - Chronic conditions
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Children and adolescents
KW  - Parents
KW  - Risk perception
KW  - Psychosocial strain
KW  - Diabetes
KW  - Rheumatic diseases
KW  - Obesity
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03912-7
SN  - 1471-2431
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - A pooled preliminary analysis on the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on salivary alpha-amylase as noradrenergic biomarker
T2  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
KW  - Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation
KW  - Salivary
KW  - Alpha-amylase
KW  - Pooled Data
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 1469-8986
VL  - 58
SP  - S60
EP  - S60
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden, Mass. [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Simon, Tony
A1  - Cabrera, Angel
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A new approach to the study of subitizing as distinct enumeration processing
N2  - This paper presents a new methodology for examining the phenomenon of subitizing. Subjects were presented with a standard numerosity-detection task but for a range of presentation times to allow Task-Accuracy Functions to be computed for individual subjects. The data appear to show a continuous change in processing for numerosities from 2 to 5 when the data are aggregated across subjects. At the level of individual subjects, there appear to be qualitative shifts in enumeration processing after 3 or 4 objects. The approach used in this experiment may be used to test the claim that subitizing is a distinct enumeration process that can be used for small numbers of objects.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 168 
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41083
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Simon, Tony
A1  - Carbrera, Angel
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A new approach to the study of subitizing as distinct enumeration processing
Y1  - 1993
SN  - 0-8058- 1487-6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Campbell, Kenneth L.
A1  - Schultheiss, Oliver
A1  - McClelland, David C.
T1  - A necessary adjustment of protocol for use of DPC Coat-a-Count Total Testosterone assay with saliva
Y1  - 1999
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - O'Hare, David
T1  - A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees' decision making
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-0-444-53356-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kruegel, Andre
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A model of saccadic landing positions in reading under the influence of sensory noise
JF  - Visual cognition
KW  - Bayesian estimation
KW  - Word boundaries
KW  - Saccade planning
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Eye movements during reading
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.894166
SN  - 1350-6285
SN  - 1464-0716
VL  - 22
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 334
EP  - 353
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle
A1  - Bürger, Arne
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Hammerle, Florian
T1  - A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
JF  - Trials
N2  - Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind).
 Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial.-square values.
 Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-014-0533-9
SN  - 1745-6215
VL  - 16
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle
A1  - Bürger, Arne
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Hammerle, Florian
T1  - A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind)
BT  - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 820
N2  - Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind).

Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial η-square values.

Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 820 
KW  - psychometric properties
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - predicting stress
KW  - German version
KW  - mental-health
KW  - self-esteem
KW  - reduction
KW  - depression
KW  - management
KW  - benefits
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427568
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 820
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malem-Shinitski, Noa
A1  - Opper, Manfred
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
A1  - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A mathematical model of local and global attention in natural scene viewing
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Author summary <br /> Switching between local and global attention is a general strategy in human information processing. We investigate whether this strategy is a viable approach to model sequences of fixations generated by a human observer in a free viewing task with natural scenes. Variants of the basic model are used to predict the experimental data based on Bayesian inference. Results indicate a high predictive power for both aggregated data and individual differences across observers. The combination of a novel model with state-of-the-art Bayesian methods lends support to our two-state model using local and global internal attention states for controlling eye movements. <br /> Understanding the decision process underlying gaze control is an important question in cognitive neuroscience with applications in diverse fields ranging from psychology to computer vision. The decision for choosing an upcoming saccade target can be framed as a selection process between two states: Should the observer further inspect the information near the current gaze position (local attention) or continue with exploration of other patches of the given scene (global attention)? Here we propose and investigate a mathematical model motivated by switching between these two attentional states during scene viewing. The model is derived from a minimal set of assumptions that generates realistic eye movement behavior. We implemented a Bayesian approach for model parameter inference based on the model's likelihood function. In order to simplify the inference, we applied data augmentation methods that allowed the use of conjugate priors and the construction of an efficient Gibbs sampler. This approach turned out to be numerically efficient and permitted fitting interindividual differences in saccade statistics. Thus, the main contribution of our modeling approach is two-fold; first, we propose a new model for saccade generation in scene viewing. Second, we demonstrate the use of novel methods from Bayesian inference in the field of scan path modeling.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007880
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 16
IS  - 12
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Reike, Dennis
T1  - A look behind perceptual performance in numerical cognition
T1  - Ein Blick hinter die perzeptuellen Leistungen numerischer Kognition
N2  - Recognizing, understanding, and responding to quantities are considerable skills for human beings. We can easily communicate quantities, and we are extremely efficient in adapting our behavior to numerical related tasks. One usual task is to compare quantities. We also use symbols like digits in numerical-related tasks. To solve tasks including digits, we must to rely on our previously learned internal number representations.
This thesis elaborates on the process of number comparison with the use of noisy mental representations of numbers, the interaction of number and size representations and how we use mental number representations strategically. For this, three studies were carried out.
In the first study, participants had to decide which of two presented digits was numerically larger. They had to respond with a saccade in the direction of the anticipated answer. Using only a small set of meaningfully interpretable parameters, a variant of random walk models is described that accounts for response time, error rate, and variance of response time for the full matrix of 72 digit pairs. In addition, the used random walk model predicts a numerical distance effect even for error response times and this effect clearly occurs in the observed data. In relation to corresponding correct answers error responses were systematically faster. However, different from standard assumptions often made in random walk models, this account required that the distributions of step sizes of the induced random walks be asymmetric to account for this asymmetry between correct and incorrect responses.
Furthermore, the presented model provides a well-defined framework to investigate the nature and scale (e.g., linear vs. logarithmic) of the mapping of numerical magnitude onto its internal representation. In comparison of the fits of proposed models with linear and logarithmic mapping, the logarithmic mapping is suggested to be prioritized.
Finally, we discuss how our findings can help interpret complex findings (e.g., conflicting speed vs. accuracy trends) in applied studies that use number comparison as a well-established diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a novel oculomotoric effect is reported, namely the saccadic overschoot effect. The participants responded by saccadic eye movements and the amplitude of these saccadic responses decreases with numerical distance.
For the second study, an experimental design was developed that allows us to apply the signal detection theory to a task where participants had to decide whether a presented digit was physically smaller or larger. A remaining question is, whether the benefit in (numerical magnitude – physical size) congruent conditions is related to a better perception than in incongruent conditions. Alternatively, the number-size congruency effect is mediated by response biases due to numbers magnitude. The signal detection theory is a perfect tool to distinguish between these two alternatives. It describes two parameters, namely sensitivity and response bias. Changes in the sensitivity are related to the actual task performance due to real differences in perception processes whereas changes in the response bias simply reflect strategic implications as a stronger preparation (activation) of an anticipated answer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the number-size congruency effect cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the number-size congruency effect.
Third, participants had to perform a SNARC task – deciding whether a presented digit was odd or even. Local transition probability of irrelevant attributes (magnitude) was varied while local transition probability of relevant attributes (parity) and global probability occurrence of each stimulus were kept constantly. Participants were quite sensitive in recognizing the underlying local transition probability of irrelevant attributes. A gain in performance was observed for actual repetitions of the irrelevant attribute in relation to changes of the irrelevant attribute in high repetition conditions compared to low repetition conditions. One interpretation of these findings is that information about the irrelevant attribute (magnitude) in the previous trial is used as an informative precue, so that participants can prepare early processing stages in the current trial, with the corresponding benefits and costs typical of standard cueing studies.
Finally, the results reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to recent studies in numerical cognition.
N2  - Das Erkennen, Verstehen und Verwenden von Mengen sind beachtliche menschliche Fähigkeiten. Die Kommunikation numerischer Information fällt uns leicht, zudem beeinflussen numerische Informationen unser Handeln. Eine typische numerische Aufgabe ist der Mengenvergleich. Um solche Mengen zu beschreiben verwenden wir Ziffern als Symbole zur Bildung von Zahlen. Um Zahlen zu vergleichen, müssen wir auf die zuvor erlernte interne Zahlenrepräsentationen zurückgreifen.

In dieser Dissertation werden drei Studien vorgestellt. Diese betrachten den Prozess des Zahlenvergleichs, die Interaktion numerischer und physikalischer Repräsentation und die strategische Nutzung numerischer Repräsentationen.

In der ersten Studie sollten Versuchspersonen so schnell wie möglich die größere von zwei präsentierten Zahlen angeben. Sie sollten mit einer Sakkade in Richtung der größeren Zahl antworten. Eine Variante von Random Walk Modellen mit einem sparsamen Set an interpretierbaren Parameter wurde verwendet um die Reaktionszeit, die Fehlerrate und die Varianz der Reaktionszeit zu beschreiben.

Auch für Fehlerzeiten sagt dieses Modell einen numerischen Distanzeffekt vorher, der sich in den Daten robust zeigt. Außerdem sind Fehlerzeiten schneller als korrespondierende Reaktionszeiten richtiger Antworten. Diese Asymmetrie lässt sich durch eine schiefe Schrittgrößenverteilung erklären, welche nicht zu den üblichen Standardannahmen von Random Walk Modellen gehört. Das vorgestellte Modell liefert einen definierten Rahmen um die Art und Skalierung (z.B. linear vs. logarithmisch) numerischer Repräsentationen zu untersuchen, wobei die Ergebnisse klar für eine logarithmische Skalierung sprechen. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick gegeben, wie dieses Modell helfen kann, komplexe Befunde (z.B. Geschwindigkeit vs. Genauigkeit) in Studien zu erklären, die Zahlenvergleiche als etabliertes Werkzeug verwenden.

Außerdem beschreiben wir einen neuen okulomotorischen Effekt, den sakkadischen Overschoot Effekt.

Für die zweite Studie wurde ein experimentelles Design entwickelt, das es ermöglicht die Signalentdeckungstheorie zu verwenden. Hierbei sollten Versuchspersonen die physikalische Größe von Ziffern beurteilen. Eine offene Frage ist, ob der Leistungsgewinn in (numerisch - physikalisch) kongruenten Bedingungen auf eine verbesserte Wahrnehmung oder auf einen numerisch induzierten Antwortbias zurückzuführen ist. Die Signalentdeckungstheorie ist das perfekte Werkzeug um zwischen diesen beiden Erklärungen zu unterscheiden. Dabei werden zwei Parameter beschrieben, die Sensitivität und der Antwortbias. Unsere Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass der Zahlen-Größen Effekt nicht auf einen einfachen Antwortbias zurückzuführen ist. Vielmehr tragen wahre Sensitivitätsgewinne in kongruenten Bedingungen zur Entstehung des Zahlen-Größen Effekts bei.

In der dritten Studie sollten die Versuchspersonen eine SNARC Aufgabe durchführen, wobei sie angeben sollten ob eine präsentierte Zahl gerade oder ungerade ist. Die lokale Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeit des irrelevanten Attributes (Magnitude) wurde zwischen Versuchspersonen variiert.

Die Versuchspersonen waren sensitiv für diese Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeiten. Ein Leistungsgewinn zeigte sich bei tatsächlichen Wiederholungen des irrelevanten Attributes in der Bedingung mit hoher Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeit des irrelevanten Attributes. Eine mögliche Interpretation ist, dass Informationen aus dem Vortrial als eine Art Hinweis betrachtet werden, so dass die Versuchspersonen im aktuellen Trial frühe Prozessstufen vorbereiten können, was zu entsprechenden Gewinnen und Kosten führt.

Die in dieser Dissertation berichteten Ergebnisse werden abschließend diskutiert und in Relation zu aktuellen Studien im Bereich der numerischen Kognition gesetzt.
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - mental number representation
KW  - numerische Kognition
KW  - mentale Zahlenrepräsentation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407821
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Sonnentag, Sabine
T1  - A look back to move ahead : new directions for research on proactive performance and other discretionary work behaviours
N2  - Over the last two decades, the multi-dimensional notion of job performance has been fully brought to life. The differentiation between core task performance and various aspects of discretionary work behaviour is flow commonly applied. A multitude of empirical studies, enhancing our knowledge of the antecedents and consequences of the different performance aspects, have recently been summarised through various meta-analyses. We use this as all occasion for taking stock in order to identify new areas of theorising and empirical research. Focusing in particular oil proactive performance aspects, the present paper identifies three themes that could inspire new research and model development. We suggest taking a new approach to the treatment of time in order to account for the dynamic nature of performance oil the one hand, and to consider life-span changes oil the other, developing comprehensive models oil proactivity-enhancing interventions, and more strongly incorporating a cross-cultural perspective.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0269-994X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00413.x
SN  - 0269-994X
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Masson, Michael E. J.
A1  - Richter, Eike M.
T1  - A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming
N2  - We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects’ frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 247 
Y1  - 2009
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57073
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition
T2  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 1612-4782
VL  - 13
SP  - S14
EP  - S15
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition
JF  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
N2  - There is much recent interest in the idea that we represent our knowledge together with the sensory and motor features that were activated during its acquisition. This paper reviews the evidence for such "embodiment" in the domain of numerical cognition, a traditional stronghold of abstract theories of knowledge representation. The focus is on spatial-numerical associations, such as the SNARC effect (small numbers are associated with left space, larger numbers with right space). Using empirical evidence from behavioral research, I first describe sensory and motor biases induced by SNARC, thus identifying numbers as embodied concepts. Next, I propose a hierarchical relationship between grounded, embodied, and situated aspects of number knowledge. This hierarchical conceptualization helps to understand the variety of SNARC-related findings and yields testable predictions about numerical cognition. I report several such tests, ranging from cross-cultural comparisons of horizontal and vertical SNARC effects (Shaki and Fischer in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 38(3): 804-809, 2012) to motor cortical activation studies in adults with left- and right-hand counting preferences (Tschentscher et al. in NeuroImage 59: 3139-3148, 2012). It is concluded that the diagnostic features for each level of the proposed hierarchical knowledge representation, together with the spatial associations of numbers, make the domain of numerical knowledge an ideal testing ground for embodied cognition research.
KW  - Embodied cognition
KW  - Grounded cognition
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - SNARC effect
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-012-0477-5
SN  - 1612-4782
VL  - 13
SP  - S161
EP  - S164
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Myachykov, Andriy
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of abstractness
BT  - Grounded, embodied, and situated aspect: Comment on "Words as social tools: Language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts" by Anna M. Borghi et al.
T2  - Physics of life reviews
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.005
SN  - 1571-0645
SN  - 1873-1457
VL  - 29
SP  - 161
EP  - 163
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Knappert, Lena
T1  - A group-randomized evaluation of a theatre-based sexual abuse prevention programme for primary school children in Germany
N2  - The study reports a group-randomized trial of a theatre-based intervention to prevent sexual abuse targeting first and second grade primary school children in Germany. A sample of 148 first and second graders saw a live performance of a play designed to promote skills in dealing with abuse-prone interactions with adults, watched a recording of the play on DVD or were assigned to a no intervention control group. Both the live performance and the DVD groups showed significant increases in the target variables (distinguishing good/bad touch and secrets, getting help, rejecting unwanted touch) from baseline to post-intervention and a follow-up after 2 weeks, while the control group did not show changes. The live performance and DVD groups participated in a further follow-up 30 weeks post-intervention, which showed sustained effects of the intervention. The findings indicate that with appropriately culture-sensitive measures, Sexual abuse prevention programmes can have Sustainable effects with young primary school children.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/5625
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/Casp.1009
SN  - 1052-9284
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engelmann, Felix
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A framework for modeling the interaction of syntactic processing and eye movement control
JF  - Topics in cognitive science
N2  - We explore the interaction between oculomotor control and language comprehension on the sentence level using two well-tested computational accounts of parsing difficulty. Previous work (Boston, Hale, Vasishth, & Kliegl, 2011) has shown that surprisal (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are significant and complementary predictors of reading time in an eyetracking corpus. It remains an open question how the sentence processor interacts with oculomotor control. Using a simple linking hypothesis proposed in Reichle, Warren, and McConnell (2009), we integrated both measures with the eye movement model EMMA (Salvucci, 2001) inside the cognitive architecture ACT-R (Anderson et al., 2004). We built a reading model that could initiate short Time Out regressions (Mitchell, Shen, Green, & Hodgson, 2008) that compensate for slow postlexical processing. This simple interaction enabled the model to predict the re-reading of words based on parsing difficulty. The model was evaluated in different configurations on the prediction of frequency effects on the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. The extension of EMMA with postlexical processing improved its predictions and reproduced re-reading rates and durations with a reasonable fit to the data. This demonstration, based on simple and independently motivated assumptions, serves as a foundational step toward a precise investigation of the interaction between high-level language processing and eye movement control.
KW  - Sentence comprehension
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Parsing difficulty
KW  - Working memory
KW  - Surprisal
KW  - Computational modeling
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12026
SN  - 1756-8757
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 452
EP  - 474
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A formal model of capacity limits in working memory
JF  - Journal of Memory and Language
N2  - A mathematical model of working-memory capacity limits is proposed on the key assumption of mutual interference between items in working memory. Interference is assumed to arise from overwriting of features shared by these items. The model was fit to time-accuracy data of memory-updating tasks from four experiments using nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models as a framework. The model gave a good account of the data from a numerical and a spatial task version. The performance pattern in a combination of numerical and spatial updating could be explained by variations in the interference parameter: assuming less feature overlap between contents from different domains than between contents from the same domain, the model can account for double dissociations of content domains in dual-task experiments. Experiment 3 extended this idea to similarity within the verbal domain. The decline of memory accuracy with increasing memory load was steeper with phonologically similar than with dissimilar material, although processing speed was faster for the similar material. The model captured the similarity effects with a higher estimated interference parameter for the similar than for the dissimilar condition. The results are difficult to explain with alternative models, in particular models incorporating time-based decay and models assuming limited resource pools.
KW  - working memory
KW  - interference
KW  - capacity
KW  - mathematical model
KW  - non-linear mixed effects
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0749596X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009
SN  - 0749-596X
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
SP  - 601
EP  - 626
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Bekkering, Harold
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
T1  - A feeling for numbers shared metric for symbolic and tactile numerosities
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Evidence for an approximate analog system of numbers has been provided by the finding that the comparison of two numerals takes longer and is more error-prone if the semantic distance between the numbers becomes smaller (so-called numerical distance effect). Recent embodied theories suggest that analog number representations are based on previous sensory experiences and constitute therefore a common magnitude metric shared by multiple domains. Here we demonstrate the existence of a cross-modal semantic distance effect between symbolic and tactile numerosities. Participants received tactile stimulations of different amounts of fingers while reading Arabic digits and indicated verbally whether the amount of stimulated fingers was different from the simultaneously presented digit or not. The larger the semantic distance was between the two numerosities, the faster and more accurate participants made their judgments. This cross-modal numerosity distance effect suggests a direct connection between tactile sensations and the concept of numerical magnitude. A second experiment replicated the interaction between symbolic and tactile numerosities and showed that this effect is not modulated by the participants' finger counting habits. Taken together, our data provide novel evidence for a shared metric for symbolic and tactile numerosities as an instance of an embodied representation of numbers.
KW  - number cognition
KW  - tactile perception
KW  - finger counting
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00007
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1  - Backhaus, Daniel
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A dynamical scan-path model for task-dependence during scene viewing
JF  - Psychological review
N2  - In real-world scene perception, human observers generate sequences of fixations to move image patches into the high-acuity center of the visual field. Models of visual attention developed over the last 25 years aim to predict two-dimensional probabilities of gaze positions for a given image via saliency maps. Recently, progress has been made on models for the generation of scan paths under the constraints of saliency as well as attentional and oculomotor restrictions. Experimental research demonstrated that task constraints can have a strong impact on viewing behavior. Here, we propose a scan-path model for both fixation positions and fixation durations, which include influences of task instructions and interindividual differences. Based on an eye-movement experiment with four different task conditions, we estimated model parameters for each individual observer and task condition using a fully Bayesian dynamical modeling framework using a joint spatial-temporal likelihood approach with sequential estimation. Resulting parameter values demonstrate that model properties such as the attentional span are adjusted to task requirements. Posterior predictive checks indicate that our dynamical model can reproduce task differences in scan-path statistics across individual observers.
KW  - scene viewing
KW  - eye movements
KW  - task dependence
KW  - individual differences;
KW  - Bayesian inference
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000379
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
VL  - 130
IS  - 3
SP  - 807
EP  - 840
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Longtin, Andre
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A dynamical model of saccade generation in reading based on spatially distributed lexical processing
Y1  - 2002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sege, Christopher T.
A1  - Bradley, Margaret M.
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
A1  - Lang, Peter J.
T1  - A direct comparison of appetitive and aversive anticipation
BT  - overlapping and distinct neural activation
JF  - Behavioural brain research : an international journal
N2  - fMRI studies of reward find increased neural activity in ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas other regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (d1PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior insula, are activated when anticipating aversive exposure. Although these data suggest differential activation during anticipation of pleasant or of unpleasant exposure, they also arise in the context of different paradigms (e.g., preparation for reward vs. threat of shock) and participants. To determine overlapping and unique regions active during emotional anticipation, we compared neural activity during anticipation of pleasant or unpleasant exposure in the same participants. Cues signalled the upcoming presentation of erotic/romantic, violent, or everyday pictures while BOLD activity during the 9-s anticipatory period was measured using fMRI. Ventral striatum and a ventral mPFC subregion were activated when anticipating pleasant, but not unpleasant or neutral, pictures, whereas activation in other regions was enhanced when anticipating appetitive or aversive scenes.
KW  - Anticipation
KW  - Emotion
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.005
SN  - 0166-4328
SN  - 1872-7549
VL  - 326
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kratky, Nicole
A1  - Schröder-Abé, Michela
T1  - A court file analysis of child protection cases
BT  - what do children say?
JF  - Child & family social work
N2  - Children's participation in legal proceedings affecting them personally has been gaining importance. So far, a primary research concern has been how children experience their participation in court proceedings. However, little is known about the child's voice itself: Are children able to clearly express their wishes, and if so, what do they say in child protection cases? In this study, we extracted information about children's statements from court file data of 220 child protection cases in Germany. We found 182 children were asked about their wishes. The majority of the statements found came either from reports of the guardians ad litem or from judicial records of the child hearings. Using content analysis, three main aspects of the statements were extracted: wishes concerning main place of residence, wishes about whom to have or not contact with, and children granting decision-making authority to someone else. Children's main focus was on their parents, but others (e.g., relatives and foster care providers) were also mentioned. Intercoder agreement was substantial. Making sure that child hearings are as informative as possible is in the child's best interest. Therefore, the categories developed herein might help professionals to ask questions more precisely relevant to the child.
KW  - children's participation
KW  - child protection
KW  - child's voice
KW  - child
KW  - welfare
KW  - court files
KW  - family court
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12744
SN  - 1356-7500
SN  - 1365-2206
VL  - 25
IS  - S1
SP  - 169
EP  - 177
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muschalla, Beate
T1  - A concept of psychological work capacity demands
BT  - first evaluation in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders
JF  - Work : a journal of prevention, assessment & rehabilitation
N2  - BACKGROUND: Work capacity demands are a concept to describe which psychological capacities are required in a job. Assessing psychological work capacity demands is of specific importance when mental health problems at work endanger work ability. Exploring psychological work capacity demands is the basis for mental hazard analysis or rehabilitative action, e.g. in terms of work adjustment. OBJECTIVE: This is the first study investigating psychological work capacity demands in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders. METHODS: A structured interview on psychological work capacity demands (Mini-ICF-Work; Muschalla, 2015; Linden et al., 2015) was done with 166 rehabilitation patients of working age. All interviews were done by a state-licensed socio-medically trained psychotherapist. Inter-rater-reliability was assessed by determining agreement in independent co-rating in 65 interviews. For discriminant validity purposes, participants filled in the Short Questionnaire for Work Analysis (KFZA, Prumper et al., 1994). RESULTS: In different professional fields, different psychological work capacity demands were of importance. The Mini-ICF-Work capacity dimensions reflect different aspects than the KFZA. Patients with mental disorders were longer on sick leave and had worse work ability prognosis than patients without mental disorders, although both groups reported similar work capacity demands. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological work demands - which are highly relevant for work ability prognosis and work adjustment processes - can be explored and differentiated in terms of psychological capacity demands.
KW  - Mental disorders
KW  - mental health
KW  - sick leave
KW  - work ability
KW  - work demands
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182691
SN  - 1051-9815
SN  - 1875-9270
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
SP  - 375
EP  - 386
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A computational model of microsaccadic responses to shifts of covert attention
T2  - Perception
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0301-0066
SN  - 1468-4233
VL  - 41
SP  - 55
EP  - 55
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mota, Simon
A1  - Leckelt, Marius
A1  - Geukes, Katharina
A1  - Nestler, Steffen
A1  - Humberg, Sarah
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
A1  - Schmukle, Stefan C.
A1  - Back, Mitja D.
T1  - A comprehensive examination of narcissists’ self-perceived and actual socioemotional cognition ability
JF  - Collabra: Psychology
N2  - Narcissists are assumed to lack the motivation and ability to share and understand the mental states of others. Prior empirical research, however, has yielded inconclusive findings and has differed with respect to the specific aspects of narcissism and socioemotional cognition that have been examined. Here, we propose a differentiated facet approach that can be applied across research traditions and that distinguishes between facets of narcissism (agentic vs. antagonistic) on the one hand, and facets of socioemotional cognition ability (SECA; self-perceived vs. actual) on the other. Using five nonclinical samples in two studies (total N = 602), we investigated the effect of facets of grandiose narcissism on aspects of socioemotional cognition across measures of affective and cognitive empathy, Theory of Mind, and emotional intelligence, while also controlling for general reasoning ability. Across both studies, agentic facets of narcissism were found to be positively related to perceived SECA, whereas antagonistic facets of narcissism were found to be negatively related to perceived SECA. However, both narcissism facets were negatively related to actual SECA. Exploratory condition-based regression analyses further showed that agentic narcissists had a higher directed discrepancy between perceived and actual SECA: They self-enhanced their socio-emotional capacities. Implications of these results for the multifaceted theoretical understanding of the narcissism-SECA link are discussed.
KW  - narcissism
KW  - socioemotional cognition
KW  - self-perceived ability
KW  - actual ability
KW  - empathy
KW  - emotional intelligence
KW  - self-enhancement
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.174
SN  - 2474-7394
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - University of California Press
CY  - Oakland
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A biological foundation for spatial–numerical associations
BT  - the brain's asymmetric frequency tuning
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
N2  - "Left" and "right" coordinates control our spatial behavior and even influence abstract thoughts. For number concepts, horizontal spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) have been widely documented: we associate few with left and many with right. Importantly, increments are universally coded on the right side even in preverbal humans and nonhuman animals, thus questioning the fundamental role of directional cultural habits, such as reading or finger counting. Here, we propose a biological, nonnumerical mechanism for the origin of SNAs on the basis of asymmetric tuning of animal brains for different spatial frequencies (SFs). The resulting selective visual processing predicts both universal SNAs and their context-dependence. We support our proposal by analyzing the stimuli used to document SNAs in newborns for their SF content. As predicted, the SFs contained in visual patterns with few versus many elements preferentially engage right versus left brain hemispheres, respectively, thus predicting left-versus rightward behavioral biases. Our "brain's asymmetric frequency tuning" hypothesis explains the perceptual origin of horizontal SNAs for nonsymbolic visual numerosities and might be extensible to the auditory domain.
KW  - hemispheric asymmetry
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - spatial
KW  - frequency tuning
KW  - spatial-numerical associations
KW  - spatial vision
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14418
SN  - 0077-8923
SN  - 1749-6632
VL  - 1477
IS  - 1
SP  - 44
EP  - 53
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Chandra, Johan
A1  - Krügel, André
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A bayesian approach to dynamical modeling of eye-movement control in reading of normal, mirrored, and scrambled texts
JF  - Psychological Review
N2  - In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between- subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions.
KW  - reading eye movements
KW  - dynamical models
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - oculomotor
KW  - control
KW  - individual differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000268
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
VL  - 128
IS  - 5
SP  - 803
EP  - 823
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Schulz, Franziska
A1  - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane
A1  - Moraske, Svenja
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - von Aster, Michael G.
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - 5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS
T1  - 5-year course of dyslexia
BT  - Stabilität, Geschlechtseffekte, Schriftsprachniveau und Schulerfolg
BT  - Persistence, sex effects, performance in reading and spelling, and school-related success
JF  - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
N2  - Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) über gut 5 Jahre unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das spätere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg überprüft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Schüler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn für das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erfüllt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist über einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe Störungspersistenz von knapp 70 % auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Schüler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zurück. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Schüler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was frühzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Dafür sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Prävalenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.
N2  - Objective: The study examines the 5-year course of children with dyslexia with regard to their sex. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of dyslexia on the performance in reading and spelling skills and school-related success. Method: A group of 995 6- to 16-year-olds were examined at the initial assessment. Part of the initial sample was then re-examined after 43 and 63 months. The diagnosis of dyslexia was based on the double discrepancy criterion using a standard deviation of 1.5. Though they had no intellectual deficits, the children showed a considerable discrepancy between their reading or writing abilities and (1) their nonverbal intelligence and (2) the mean of their grade norm. Results: Nearly 70 % of those examined had a persisting diagnosis of dyslexia over a period of 63 months. The 5-year course was not influenced by sex. Despite average intelligence, the performance in writing and spelling of children suffering from dyslexia was one standard deviation below a control group without dyslexia with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children suffering from intellectual deficits. Furthermore, the school-related success of the dyslexics was significantly lower than those of children with average intelligence. Dyslexics showed similar school-related success rates to children suffering from intellectual deficits. Conclusions: Dyslexia represents a considerable developmental risk. The adverse impact of dyslexia on school-related success supports the importance of early diagnostics and intervention. It also underlines the need for reliable and general accepted diagnostic criteria. It is important to define such criteria in light of the prevalence rates.
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - discrepancy criterion
KW  - persistence
KW  - course
KW  - school-related success
KW  - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung
KW  - Diskreptanzdefinition
KW  - Stabilität
KW  - Verlauf
KW  - Schulerfolg
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000535
SN  - 1422-4917
SN  - 1664-2880
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 122
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - 40 puzzles and problems in probability and mathematical statistics
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-0-387-73511-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73512-2
PB  - Springer Science+Business Media LLC
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
T1  - 17 Jahre danach : was wird aus Kindern mit Legasthenie?
BT  - Siebzehn Jahre danach : was wird aus Kindern mit Legasthenie?
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Sery, Noa
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - 1 + 2 is more than 2 + 1: Violations of commutativity and identity axioms in mental arithmetic
JF  - Journal of cognitive psychology
N2  - Over the past decade or so, a large number of studies have revealed that conceptual meaning is sensitive to situational context. More recently, similar contextual influences have been documented in the domain of number knowledge. Here we show such context dependency in a length production task. Adult participants saw single digit addition problems of the form n1 + n2 and produced the sum by changing bi-directionally the length of a horizontally extended line, using radially arranged buttons. We found that longer lines were produced when n1 < n2 compared to n1 > n2 and that unit size increased with result size. Thus, the mathematical axioms of commutativity and identity do not seem to hold in mental addition. We discuss implications of these observations for our understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in mental arithmetic and for situated cognition generally.
KW  - Operand order effect
KW  - Situated cognition
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - SNARC
KW  - Operational momentum
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.973414
SN  - 2044-5911
SN  - 2044-592X
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 471
EP  - 477
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
T1  - "When birds of a different feather flock together" - intercultural socialization in adolescents’ friendships
JF  - International Journal of Intercultural Relations
N2  - We conclude that intercultural friendships are associated with important skills that are needed in increasingly multicultural societies if students experience and discuss cultural variations in these friendships.
KW  - Intercultural friendships
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Intercultural competence
KW  - Cultural intelligence
KW  - Adolescents
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.001
SN  - 0147-1767
SN  - 1873-7552
VL  - 72
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hildebrand, Viet
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Laschewsky, Andre
A1  - Moeller, Heiko M.
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1  - Schanzenbach, Dirk
A1  - Wischerhoff, Erik
T1  - "Schizophrenic" self-assembly of dual thermoresponsive block copolymers bearing a zwitterionic and a non-ionic hydrophilic block
JF  - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers
N2  - Several series of presumed dual thermo-responsive diblock copolymers consisting of one non-ionic and one zwitterionic block were synthesized via consecutive reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. For all copolymers, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) was chosen as non-ionic block that shows a coil-to-globule collapse transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type. In contrast, the chemical structure of zwitterionic blocks, which all belonged to the class of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s, was varied broadly, in order to tune their coil-to-globule collapse transition of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type. All polymers were labeled with a solvatochromic fluorescent end-group. The dual thermo-responsive behavior and the resulting multifarious temperature-dependent self-assembly in aqueous solution were mapped by temperature resolved turbidimetry, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on the relative positions between the UCST-type and LCST-type transition temperatures, as well as on the width of the window in-between, all the four possible modes of stimulus induced micellization can be realized. This includes classical induced micellization due to a transition from a double hydrophilic, or respectively, from a double hydrophobic to an amphiphilic state, as well as "schizophrenic" behavior, where the core- and shell-forming blocks are inverted. The exchange of the roles of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic block in the amphiphilic states is possible through a homogeneous intermediate state or a heterogeneous one. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - RAFT polymerization
KW  - Block copolymer
KW  - Sulfobetaine methacrylate
KW  - Responsive polymer
KW  - LCST
KW  - UCST
KW  - Schizophrenic self-assembly
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.063
SN  - 0032-3861
SN  - 1873-2291
VL  - 122
SP  - 347
EP  - 357
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lazuras, Lambros
A1  - Barkoukis, Vassilis
A1  - Loukovitis, Andreas
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Hudson, Andy
A1  - Mallia, Luca
A1  - Michaelides, Michalis
A1  - Muzi, Milena
A1  - Petroczi, Andrea
A1  - Zelli, Arnaldo
T1  - "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts.
KW  - doping
KW  - behavioral reasoning
KW  - exercise
KW  - fitness
KW  - recreational sport
KW  - young adults
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gamez-Guadix, Manuel
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
T1  - "Haters back off!" psychometric properties of the coping with cyberhate questionnaire and relationship with well-being in Spanish adolescents
JF  - Psicothema
N2  - Background: 
Cyberhate is a growing form of online aggression against a person or a group based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or disability. The present study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire, the prevalence of coping strategies in Spanish adolescents, differences in coping strategies based in sex, age, and victim status, and the association between coping with cyberhate and adolescents' mental well-being. 

Method:
The sample consisted of 1,005 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (Mage = 14.28 years, SD = 1.63; 51.9% girls) who completed self-report measures on coping strategies, victimization status, and mental well-being. 

Results: 
The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure for the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire composed of six factors, namely Distal advice, Assertiveness, Helplessness/Selfblame, Close support, Technical coping, and Retaliation. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The three most frequently endorsed coping strategies were Technical coping, Close support, and Assertiveness. In addition, lower Helplessness/Self-blame, and higher Close-support, Assertiveness, and Distal advice were significantly related to adolescents' better mental well-being.

Conclusion:
Prevention programs that educate adolescents about how to deal with cyberhate are needed.
KW  - cybervictimization
KW  - hate speech
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.219
SN  - 0214-9915
SN  - 1886-144X
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
SP  - 567
EP  - 574
PB  - Colegio oficial de psicologos de asturias
CY  - Oviedo
ER  -