TY - JOUR A1 - Rohlfing, Anne-Katrin A1 - Miteva, Yana A1 - Moronetti, Lorenza A1 - He, Liping A1 - Lamitina, Todd T1 - The caenorhabditis elegans mucin-like protein OSM-8 negatively regulates osmosensitive physiology via the transmembrane protein PTR-23 JF - PLoS Genetics : a peer-reviewed, open-access journal N2 - The molecular mechanisms of animal cell osmoregulation are poorly understood. Genetic studies of osmoregulation in yeast have identified mucin-like proteins as critical regulators of osmosensitive signaling and gene expression. Whether mucins play similar roles in higher organisms is not known. Here, we show that mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans mucin-like gene osm-8 specifically disrupt osmoregulatory physiological processes. In osm-8 mutants, normal physiological responses to hypertonic stress, such as the accumulation of organic osmolytes and activation of osmoresponsive gene expression, are constitutively activated. As a result, osm-8 mutants exhibit resistance to normally lethal levels of hypertonic stress and have an osmotic stress resistance (Osr) phenotype. To identify genes required for Osm-8 phenotypes, we performed a genome-wide RNAi osm-8 suppressor screen. After screening,18,000 gene knockdowns, we identified 27 suppressors that specifically affect the constitutive osmosensitive gene expression and Osr phenotypes of osm-8 mutants. We found that one suppressor, the transmembrane protein PTR-23, is co-expressed with osm-8 in the hypodermis and strongly suppresses several Osm-8 phenotypes, including the transcriptional activation of many osmosensitive mRNAs, constitutive glycerol accumulation, and osmotic stress resistance. Our studies are the first to show that an extracellular mucin-like protein plays an important role in animal osmoregulation in a manner that requires the activity of a novel transmembrane protein. Given that mucins and transmembrane proteins play similar roles in yeast osmoregulation, our findings suggest a possible evolutionarily conserved role for the mucin-plasma membrane interface in eukaryotic osmoregulation. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001267 SN - 1553-7390 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Parolai, Stefano A1 - Picozzi, Matteo A1 - Zschau, Jochen T1 - Evaluation of proxies for seismic site conditions in large urban areas the example of Santiago de Chile JF - Physics and chemistry of the earth N2 - Characterizing the local site response in large cities is an important step towards seismic hazard assessment. To this regard, single station seismic noise measurements were carried out at 146 sites in the northern part of Santiago de Chile. This extensive survey allowed the fundamental resonance frequency of the sedimentary cover, derived from horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios, to be mapped. By inverting the spectral ratios under the constraint of the thickness of the sedimentary cover, known from previous gravimetric measurements, local S-wave velocity profiles have been retrieved. After interpolation between the individual profiles, the resulting high resolution 3D S-wave velocity model allows the entire area, as well as deeper parts of the basin, to be represented in great detail. Since one lithology shows a great scatter in the velocity values only a very general correlation between S-wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (v(s)(30)) and local geology is found. Local S-wave velocity profiles can serve as a key factor in seismic hazard assessment, since they allow an estimate of the amplification potential of the sedimentary cover. Mapping the intensity distribution of the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, event (Mw = 8.8) the results indicate that local amplification of the ground motion might partially explain the damage distribution and encourage the use of the low cost seismic noise techniques for the study of seismic site effects. KW - Ambient seismic noise KW - H/V ratio KW - Inversion KW - S-wave velocity KW - Site effects Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.01.007 SN - 1474-7065 VL - 36 IS - 16 SP - 1259 EP - 1266 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Utecht, Manuel Martin A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Optical absorption and excitonic coupling in azobenzenes forming self-assembled monolayers a study based on density functional theory JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Based on the analysis of optical absorption spectra, it has recently been speculated that the excitonic coupling between individual azobenzene-functionalized alkanethiols arranged in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface could be strong enough to hinder collective trans-cis isomerization-on top of steric hindrance [Gahl et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 1831]. Using models of SAMs of increasing complexity (dimer, linear N-mers, and two-dimensionally arranged N-mers) and density functional theory on the (TD-) B3LYP/6-31G* level, we determine optical absorption spectra, the nature and magnitude of excitonic couplings, and the corresponding spectral shifts. It is found that at inter-monomer distances of about 20 angstrom and above, TD-B3LYP excitation frequencies (and signal intensities) can be well described by the frequently used point-dipole approximation. Further, calculated blue shifts in optical absorption spectra account for the experimental observations made for azobenzene/gold SAMs, and hint to the fact that they can indeed be responsible for reduced switching probability in densely packed self-assembled structures. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22793a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 48 SP - 21608 EP - 21614 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - Chelatoaromaticity-existing: yes or no? An answer given by spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings-TSNMRS) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings-TSNMRS) of metal complexes (with ligands such as acetylacetone, 3-hydroxy-pyran(4) one) and "metallobenzenes" have been calculated by the GIAO perturbation method and visualized as Iso-Chemical-Shielding Surfaces (ICSS) of various sizes and directions. The TSNMRS values, thus obtained, can be successfully employed to quantify and visualize partial aromaticity of the metallocyclic ring by comparison with the spatial magnetic properties of the corresponding non-complexed ligands in comparable structural and electronic situations, and benzene, respectively. Because anisotropy/ring current effects in H-1 NMR spectra proved to be the molecular response property of TSNMRS, the results obtained concerning partial "chelatoaromaticity" are experimentally ensured. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21942a SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 13 IS - 46 SP - 20593 EP - 20601 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiseanu, Carmen A1 - Parvulescu, Vasile I. A1 - Boutonnet, Magali A1 - Cojocaru, Bogdan A1 - Primus, Philipp A. A1 - Teodorescu, Cristian M. A1 - Solans, Conchita A1 - Sanchez Dominguez, Margarita T1 - Surface versus volume effects in luminescent ceria nanocrystals synthesized by an oil-in-water microemulsion method JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Pure and europium (Eu3+) doped cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanocrystals have been synthesized by a novel oil-in-water microemulsion reaction method under soft conditions. In-situ X-ray diffraction and RAMAN spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanaocrystals. The as-synthesized powders are nanocrystalline and have a narrow size distribution centered on 3 nm and high surface area of similar to 250 m(2) g(-1). Only a small fraction of the europium ions substitutes for the bulk, cubic Ce4+ sites in the europium-doped ceria nanocrystals. Upon calcination up to 1000 degrees C, a remarkable high surface area of similar to 120 m(2) g (-1) is preserved whereas an enrichment of the surface Ce4+ relative to Ce3+ ions and relative strong europium emission with a lifetime of similar to 1.8 ms and FWHM as narrow as 10 cm(-1) are measured. Under excitation into the UV and visible spectral range, the europium doped ceria nanocrystals display a variable emission spanning the orange-red wavelengths. The tunable emission is explained by the heterogeneous distribution of the europium dopants within the ceria nanocrystals coupled with the progressive diffusion of the europium ions from the surface to the inner ceria sites and the selective participation of the ceria host to the emission sensitization. Effects of the bulk-doping and impregnation with europium on the ceria host structure and optical properties are also discussed. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21135h SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 38 SP - 17135 EP - 17145 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiel, Kerstin A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Strauch, Peter A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - On the interaction of ascorbic acid and the tetrachlorocuprate ion [CuCl4](2-) in CuCl nanoplatelet formation from an ionic liquid precursor (ILP) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The formation of CuCl nanoplatelets from the ionic liquid precursor (ILP) butylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate [C4Py](2)[CuCl4] using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent was investigated. In particular, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the interaction between ascorbic acid and the Cu(II) ion before reduction to Cu(I). EPR spectroscopy suggests that the [CuCl4](2-) ion in the neat IL is a distorted tetrahedron, consistent with DFT calculations. Addition of ascorbic acid leads to the removal of one chloride from the [CuCl4](2-) anion, as shown by DFT and the loss of symmetry by EPR. DFT furthermore suggests that the most stable adduct is formed when only one hydroxyl group of the ascorbic acid coordinates to the Cu(II) ion. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20648f SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 30 SP - 13537 EP - 13543 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filimon, Marlena A1 - Kopf, Ilona A1 - Schmidt, Dietrich A. A1 - Bruendermann, Erik A1 - Rühe, Jürgen A1 - Santer, Svetlana A1 - Havenith, Martina T1 - Local chemical composition of nanophase-separated polymer brushes JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Using scattering scanning nearfield infrared microscopy (s-SNIM), we have imaged the nanoscale phase separation of mixed polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) brushes and investigated changes in the top layer as a function of solvent exposure. We deduce that the top-layer of the mixed brushes is composed primarily of PMMA after exposure to acetone, while after exposure to toluene this changes to PS. Access to simultaneously measured topographic and chemical information allows direct correlation of the chemical morphology of the sample with topographic information. Our results demonstrate the potential of s-SNIM for chemical mapping based on distinct infrared absorption properties of polymers with a high spatial resolution of 80 nm x 80 nm. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02756a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 24 SP - 11620 EP - 11626 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dodoo, S. A1 - Steitz, R. A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - von Klitzing, Regine T1 - Effect of ionic strength and type of ions on the structure of water swollen polyelectrolyte multilayers JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - This study addresses the effect of ionic strength and type of ions on the structure and water content of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Polyelectrolyte multilayers of poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) prepared at different NaF, NaCl and NaBr concentrations have been investigated by neutron reflectometry against vacuum, H2O and D2O. Both thickness and water content of the multilayers increase with increasing ionic strength and increasing ion size. Two types of water were identified, "void water" which fills the voids of the multilayers and does not contribute to swelling but to a change in scattering length density and "swelling water" which directly contributes to swelling of the multilayers. The amount of void water decreases with increasing salt concentration and anion radius while the amount of swelling water increases with salt concentration and anion radius. This is interpreted as a denser structure in the dry state and larger ability to swell in water (sponge) for multilayers prepared from high ionic strengths and/or salt solution of large anions. No exchange of hydration water or replacement of H by D was detected even after eight hours incubation time in water of opposing isotopic composition. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01357a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 21 SP - 10318 EP - 10325 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Füchsel, Gernot A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Monturet, Serge A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Dissipative dynamics within the electronic friction approach the femtosecond laser desorption of H-2/D-2 from Ru(0001) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - An electronic friction approach based on Langevin dynamics is used to describe the multidimensional (six-dimensional) dynamics of femtosecond laser induced desorption of H-2 and D-2 from a H(D)-covered Ru(0001) surface. The paper extends previous reduced-dimensional models, using a similar approach. In the present treatment forces and frictional coefficients are calculated from periodic density functional theory (DFT) and essentially parameter-free, while the action of femtosecond laser pulses on the metal surface is treated by using the two-temperature model. Our calculations shed light on the performance and validity of various adiabatic, non-adiabatic, and Arrhenius/Kramers type kinetic models to describe hot-electron mediated photoreactions at metal surfaces. The multidimensional frictional dynamics are able to reproduce and explain known experimental facts, such as strong isotope effects, scaling of properties with laser fluence, and non-equipartitioning of vibrational, rotational, and translational energies of desorbing species. Further, detailed predictions regarding translations are made, and the question for the controllability of photoreactions at surfaces with the help of vibrational preexcitation is addressed. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02086a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 19 SP - 8659 EP - 8670 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartlett, Nate C. -M. A1 - Jankunas, Justin A1 - Goswami, Tapas A1 - Zare, Richard N. A1 - Bouakline, Foudhil A1 - Althorpe, Stuart C. T1 - Differential cross sections for H + D-2 -> HD(v '=2, j '=0,3,6,9) + D at center-of-mass collision energies of 1.25, 1.61, and 1.97 eV JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - We have measured differential cross sections (DCSs) for the reaction H + D-2 -> HD- (v' = 2, j' = 0,3,6,9) + D at center-of-mass collision energies E-coll of 1.25, 1.61, and 1.97 eV using the photoloc technique. The DCSs show a strong dependence on the product rotational quantum number. For the HD(v' = 2, j' = 0) product, the DCS is bimodal but becomes oscillatory as the collision energy is increased. For the other product states, they are dominated by a single peak, which shifts from back to sideward scattering as j' increases, and they are in general less sensitive to changes in the collision energy. The experimental results are compared to quantum mechanical calculations and show good, but not fully quantitative agreement. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02460k SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 18 SP - 8175 EP - 8179 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belova, Valentina A1 - Shchukin, Dmitry G. A1 - Gorin, Dmitry A. A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Moehwald, Helmuth T1 - A new approach to nucleation of cavitation bubbles at chemically modified surfaces JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Cavitation at the solid surface normally begins with nucleation, in which defects or assembled molecules located at a liquid-solid interface act as nucleation centers and are actively involved in the evolution of cavitation bubbles. Here, we propose a simple approach to evaluate the behavior of cavitation bubbles formed under high intensity ultrasound (20 kHz, 51.3 W cm (2)) at solid surfaces, based on sonication of patterned substrates with a small roughness (less than 3 nm) and controllable surface energy. A mixture of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODTA) and octadecanethiol (ODT) was stamped on the Si wafer coated with different thicknesses of an aluminium layer (20-500 nm). We investigated the growth mechanism of cavitation bubble nuclei and the evolution of individual pits (defects) formed under sonication on the modified surface. A new activation behavior as a function of Al thickness, sonication time, ultrasonic power and temperature is reported. In this process cooperativity is introduced, as initially formed pits further reduce the energy to form bubbles. Furthermore, cavitation on the patterns is a controllable process, where up to 40-50 min of sonication time only the hydrophobic areas are active nucleation sites. This study provides a convincing proof of our theoretical approach on nucleation. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20218a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 17 SP - 8015 EP - 8023 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horsch, Philipp A1 - Urbasch, Gunter A1 - Weitzel, Karl-Michael A1 - Kroener, Dominik T1 - Circular dichroism in ion yields employing femtosecond laser ionization-the role of laser pulse duration JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The circular dichroism (CD) induced by femtosecond laser pulse excitation of 3-methylcyclopentanone has been investigated by means of experiment and theory as a function of the laser pulse duration. In the experiment the CD in ion yields is measured by femtosecond laser ionization via a one-photon resonant excited state. In the theoretical part the CD is calculated by solving laser driven quantum electron dynamics for the same resonant excitation based on ab initio electronic structure calculations employing a complete description of the electric field-electric dipole and magnetic field-magnetic dipole interactions. Both the experimentally measured CD in ion yields and the calculated CD in excited state populations exhibit a marked increase of the CD for pulse duration increasing from 50 fs to about 200 fs. Beyond 200 fs pulse duration the CD levels off. The combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicates that the CD decreases with increasing laser intensity connected to the increased coupling between the excited states. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01903h SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 2378 EP - 2386 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Rico A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Integrated real-time visualisation of massive 3D-Point clouds and geo-referenced textured dates JF - Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation Y1 - 2011 SN - 1432-8364 IS - 3 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Hoelzel, Norbert A1 - Bluethgen, Nico A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Nutrient concentrations and fibre contents of plant community biomass reflect species richness patterns along a broad range of land-use intensities among agricultural grasslands JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Understanding changes in biodiversity in agricultural landscapes in relation to land-use type and intensity is a major issue in current ecological research. In this context nutrient enrichment has been identified as a key mechanism inducing species loss in Central European grassland ecosystems. At the same time, insights into the linkage between agricultural land use and plant nutrient status are largely missing. So far, studies on the relationship between chemical composition of plant community biomass and biodiversity have mainly been restricted to wetlands and all these studies neglected the effects of land use. Therefore, we analyzed aboveground biomass of 145 grassland plots covering a gradient of land-use intensities in three regions across Germany. In particular, we explored relationships between vascular plant species richness and nutrient concentrations as well as fibre contents (neutral and acid detergent fibre and lignin) in the aboveground community biomass. We found the concentrations of several nutrients in the biomass to be closely linked to plant species richness and land use. Whereas phosphorus concentrations increased with land-use intensity and decreased with plant species richness, nitrogen and potassium concentrations showed less clear patterns. Fibre fractions were negatively related to nutrient concentrations in biomass, but hardly to land-use measures and species richness. Only high lignin contents were positively associated with species richness of grasslands. The N:P ratio was strongly positively related to species richness and even more so to the number of endangered plant species, indicating a higher persistence of endangered species under P (co-)limited conditions. Therefore, we stress the importance of low P supply for species-rich grasslands and suggest the N:P ratio in community biomass to be a useful proxy of the conservation value of agriculturally used grasslands. KW - Biodiversity exploratories KW - Fertilization KW - Grazing KW - Land use KW - Mowing KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient limitation KW - Phosphorus KW - Productivity Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.07.001 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 287 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Cécile H. A1 - Grassein, Fabrice A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Vieilledent, Ghislain A1 - Violle, Cyrille T1 - When and how should intraspecific variability be considered in trait-based plant ecology? JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. Trait-based approaches often rely on the tacit assumption that intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is negligible compared to interspecific variability, so that species can be characterized by mean trait values. Yet, numerous recent studies have challenged this assumption by showing that ITV significantly affects various ecological processes. Accounting for ITV may thus strengthen trait-based approaches, but measuring trait values on a large number of individuals per species and site is not feasible. Therefore, it is important and timely to synthesize existing knowledge on ITV in order to (1) decide critically when ITV should be considered, and (2) establish methods for incorporating this variability. Here we propose a practical set of rules to identify circumstances under which ITV should be accounted for. We formulate a spatial trait variance partitioning hypothesis to highlight the spatial scales at which ITV cannot be ignored in ecological studies. We then refine a set of four consecutive questions on the research question, the spatial scale, the sampling design, and the type of studied traits, to determine case-by-case if a given study should quantify ITV and test its effects. We review methods for quantifying ITV and develop a step-by-step guideline to design and interpret simulation studies that test for the importance of ITV. Even in the absence of quantitative knowledge on ITV, its effects can be assessed by varying trait values within species within realistic bounds around the known mean values. We finish with a discussion of future requirements to further incorporate ITV within trait-based approaches. This paper thus delineates a general framework to account for ITV and suggests a direction towards a more quantitative trait-based ecology. KW - Comparative ecology KW - Functional ecology KW - Genetic variability KW - Intraspecific functional variability KW - Phenotypic plasticity KW - Plant functional hairs KW - Within-species variability Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.04.003 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 217 EP - 225 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knobloch, Jörn T1 - Postdemocracy and postsocialism the convergence of two crises by using the example of Russia JF - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft N2 - The article compares the postdemocracy with the postsocialism. At first the paper analyzes the debate of the postdemocracy and points out an analytical model of postdemocracy. Afterwards the paper searches for symptoms of the postdemocracy within the case of Russia which appears as one possible ideal type of postsocialism. The comparison shows that both post-phenomenons are two sides of one global process of transformation. However, the case of postsocialism acts as a trendsetter. The postsocialist Russia sets an example for the possible developments of the postdemocracy. KW - Postdemocracy KW - Postsocialism KW - Russia KW - power KW - depoliticization Y1 - 2011 SN - 1615-5548 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - + PB - Facultas.wuv CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Matthes, Annika A1 - Pick, Charlotte T1 - The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction is a valuable extension of the classical Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The PDDA reaction differs from the DA reaction by the replacement of one of the C-C-double bonds of the diene moiety by a C-C triple bond and by the photochemical triggering of the reaction. This entails that, in contrast to the DA reaction, the PDDA reaction proceeds according to a multistage mechanism with biradicals and cycloallenes as intermediates. The PDDA reaction provides access to a considerable variety of compound classes. For example, 1-phenylnaphthlenes, 1,1'-binaphthyls, N-heterocyclic biaryls, and naphthalenophanes could be obtained by this reaction. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ob06066j SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 22 SP - 7599 EP - 7605 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Hölter, Frank T1 - Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions with Phenoldiazonium salts JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of phenol diazonium salts and aryl trifluoroborates yields 4-hydroxybiaryls in a protecting group-free synthesis. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ob05256j SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 13 SP - 4914 EP - 4920 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Laemmermann, Anica A1 - Kühn, Heiner T1 - The anisotropic effect of functional groups in H-1 NMR spectra is the molecular response property of spatial nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS)-Conformational equilibria of exo/endo tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene derivatives JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The inversion of the flexible five-membered ring in tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (TH-DCPD) derivatives remains fast on the NMR timescale even at 103 K. Since the intramolecular exchange process could not be sufficiently slowed for spectroscopic evaluation, the conformational equilibrium is thus inaccessible by dynamic NMR. Fortunately, the spatial magnetic properties of the aryl and carbonyl groups attached to the DCPD skeleton can be employed in order to evaluate the conformational state of the system. In this context, the anisotropic effects of the functional groups in the H-1 NMR spectra prove to be the molecular response property of spatial nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00356e SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 1098 EP - 1111 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - An allometric model of home range formation explains the structuring of animal communities exploiting heterogeneous resources JF - Oikos N2 - Understanding and predicting the composition and spatial structure of communities is a central challenge in ecology. An important structural property of animal communities is the distribution of individual home ranges. Home range formation is controlled by resource heterogeneity, the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, and their intra- and interspecific interactions. However, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of how home range formation influences community composition is still lacking. To explore the link between home range formation and community composition in heterogeneous landscapes we combine allometric relationships for physiological properties with an algorithm that selects optimal home ranges given locomotion costs, resource depletion and competition in a spatially-explicit individual-based modelling framework. From a spatial distribution of resources and an input distribution of animal body mass, our model predicts the size and location of individual home ranges as well as the individual size distribution (ISD) in an animal community. For a broad range of body mass input distributions, including empirical body mass distributions of North American and Australian mammals, our model predictions agree with independent data on the body mass scaling of home range size and individual abundance in terrestrial mammals. Model predictions are also robust against variation in habitat productivity and landscape heterogeneity. The combination of allometric relationships for locomotion costs and resource needs with resource competition in an optimal foraging framework enables us to scale from individual properties to the structure of animal communities in heterogeneous landscapes. The proposed spatially-explicit modelling concept not only allows for detailed investigation of landscape effects on animal communities, but also provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which resource competition in space shapes animal communities. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18556.x SN - 0030-1299 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 106 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rocha, Marcia R. A1 - Vasseur, David A. A1 - Hayn, Michael A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Variability patterns differ between standing stock and process rates JF - Oikos N2 - Standing stocks are typically easier to measure than process rates such as production. Hence, stocks are often used as indicators of ecosystem functions although the latter are generally more strongly related to rates than to stocks. The regulation of stocks and rates and thus their variability over time may differ, as stocks constitute the net result of production and losses. Based on long-term high frequency measurements in a large, deep lake we explore the variability patterns in primary and bacterial production and relate them to those of the corresponding standing stocks, i.e. chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton and bacterial biomass. We employ different methods (coefficient of variation, spline fitting and spectral analysis) which complement each other for assessing the variability present in the plankton data, at different temporal scales. In phytoplankton, we found that the overall variability of primary production is dominated by fluctuations at low frequencies, such as the annual, whereas in stocks and chlorophyll in particular, higher frequencies contribute substantially to the overall variance. This suggests that using standing stocks instead of rate measures leads to an under- or overestimation of food shortage for consumers during distinct periods of the year. The range of annual variation in bacterial production is 8 times greater than biomass, showing that the variability of bacterial activity (e.g. oxygen consumption, remineralisation) would be underestimated if biomass is used. The P/B ratios were variable and although clear trends are present in both bacteria and phytoplankton, no systematic relationship between stock and rate measures were found for the two groups. Hence, standing stock and process rate measures exhibit different variability patterns and care is needed when interpreting the mechanisms and implications of the variability encountered. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18786.x SN - 0030-1299 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donges, Jonathan A1 - Donner, Reik Volker A1 - Rehfeld, Kira A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - Trauth, Martin H. A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Identification of dynamical transitions in marine palaeoclimate records by recurrence network analysis JF - Nonlinear processes in geophysics N2 - The analysis of palaeoclimate time series is usually affected by severe methodological problems, resulting primarily from non-equidistant sampling and uncertain age models. As an alternative to existing methods of time series analysis, in this paper we argue that the statistical properties of recurrence networks - a recently developed approach - are promising candidates for characterising the system's nonlinear dynamics and quantifying structural changes in its reconstructed phase space as time evolves. In a first order approximation, the results of recurrence network analysis are invariant to changes in the age model and are not directly affected by non-equidistant sampling of the data. Specifically, we investigate the behaviour of recurrence network measures for both paradigmatic model systems with non-stationary parameters and four marine records of long-term palaeoclimate variations. We show that the obtained results are qualitatively robust under changes of the relevant parameters of our method, including detrending, size of the running window used for analysis, and embedding delay. We demonstrate that recurrence network analysis is able to detect relevant regime shifts in synthetic data as well as in problematic geoscientific time series. This suggests its application as a general exploratory tool of time series analysis complementing existing methods. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-545-2011 SN - 1023-5809 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 545 EP - 562 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benmehdi, Sabah A1 - Makarava, Natallia A1 - Benhamidouche, N. A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Bayesian estimation of the self-similarity exponent of the Nile River fluctuation JF - Nonlinear processes in geophysics N2 - The aim of this paper is to estimate the Hurst parameter of Fractional Gaussian Noise (FGN) using Bayesian inference. We propose an estimation technique that takes into account the full correlation structure of this process. Instead of using the integrated time series and then applying an estimator for its Hurst exponent, we propose to use the noise signal directly. As an application we analyze the time series of the Nile River, where we find a posterior distribution which is compatible with previous findings. In addition, our technique provides natural error bars for the Hurst exponent. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-441-2011 SN - 1023-5809 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 441 EP - 446 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - van Dongen, Joost T. T1 - Modeling alternatives for interpreting the change in oxygen-consumption rates during hypoxic conditions T2 - New phytologist : international journal of plant science KW - hypoxia KW - modeling KW - regulation KW - respiration KW - roots Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03674.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 190 IS - 2 SP - 273 EP - 276 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arvidsson, Samuel Janne A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, Paulino A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd T1 - A growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana integrating image analysis and rosette area modeling for robust quantification of genotype effects JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind biomass accumulation, it is important to study plant growth behavior. Manually phenotyping large sets of plants requires important human resources and expertise and is typically not feasible for detection of weak growth phenotypes. Here, we established an automated growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana to aid researchers in comparing growth behaviors of different genotypes. The analysis pipeline includes automated image analysis of two-dimensional digital plant images and evaluation of manually annotated information of growth stages. It employs linear mixed-effects models to quantify genotype effects on total rosette area and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) and ANOVAs to quantify effects on developmental times. Using the system, a single researcher can phenotype up to 7000 plants d(-1). Technical variance is very low (typically < 2%). We show quantitative results for the growth-impaired starch-excessmutant sex4-3 and the growth-enhancedmutant grf9. We show that recordings of environmental and developmental variables reduce noise levels in the phenotyping datasets significantly and that careful examination of predictor variables (such as d after sowing or germination) is crucial to avoid exaggerations of recorded phenotypes and thus biased conclusions. KW - development KW - growth KW - leaf area KW - modeling KW - phenotyping Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03756.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 191 IS - 3 SP - 895 EP - 907 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johnson, Kim L. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Genetic control of plant organ growth JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - The growth of plant organs is under genetic control. Work in model species has identified a considerable number of genes that regulate different aspects of organ growth. This has led to an increasingly detailed knowledge about how the basic cellular processes underlying organ growth are controlled, and which factors determine when proliferation gives way to expansion, with this transition emerging as a critical decision point during primordium growth. Progress has been made in elucidating the genetic basis of allometric growth and the role of tissue polarity in shaping organs. We are also beginning to understand how the mechanisms that determine organ identity influence local growth behaviour to generate organs with characteristic sizes and shapes. Lastly, growth needs to be coordinated at several levels, for example between different cell layers and different regions within one organ, and the genetic basis for such coordination is being elucidated. However, despite these impressive advances, a number of basic questions are still not fully answered, for example, whether and how a growing primordium keeps track of its size. Answering these questions will likely depend on including additional approaches that are gaining in power and popularity, such as combined live imaging and modelling. KW - growth coordination KW - organ growth KW - organ identity KW - organ shape KW - organ size Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03737.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 191 IS - 2 SP - 319 EP - 333 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moradi, Ahmad B. A1 - Carminati, Andrea A1 - Vetterlein, Doris A1 - Vontobel, Peter A1 - Lehmann, Eberhard A1 - Weller, Ulrich A1 - Hopmans, Jan W. A1 - Vogel, Hans-Jörg A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Three-dimensional visualization and quantification of water content in the rhizosphere JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Despite the importance of rhizosphere properties for water flow from soil to roots, there is limited quantitative information on the distribution of water in the rhizosphere of plants. Here, we used neutron tomography to quantify and visualize the water content in the rhizosphere of the plant species chickpea (Cicer arietinum), white lupin (Lupinus albus), and maize (Zea mays) 12 d after planting. We clearly observed increasing soil water contents (h) towards the root surface for all three plant species, as opposed to the usual assumption of decreasing water content. This was true for tap roots and lateral roots of both upper and lower parts of the root system. Furthermore, water gradients around the lower part of the roots were smaller and extended further into bulk soil compared with the upper part, where the gradients in water content were steeper. Incorporating the hydraulic conductivity and water retention parameters of the rhizosphere into our model, we could simulate the gradual changes of h towards the root surface, in agreement with the observations. The modelling result suggests that roots in their rhizosphere may modify the hydraulic properties of soil in a way that improves uptake under dry conditions. KW - extent of rhizosphere KW - modelling KW - neutron tomography KW - rhizosphere hydraulic properties KW - root water uptake KW - soil moisture profile KW - water distribution Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03826.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 192 IS - 3 SP - 653 EP - 663 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lachmuth, Susanne A1 - Durka, Walter A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin T1 - Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Genetic differentiation in the competitive and reproductive ability of invading populations can result from genetic Allee effects or r/K selection at the local or range-wide scale. However, the neutral relatedness of populations may either mask or falsely suggest adaptation and genetic Allee effects. In a common-garden experiment, we investigated the competitive and reproductive ability of invasive Senecio inaequidens populations that vary in neutral genetic diversity, population age and field vegetation cover. To account for population relatedness, we analysed the experimental results with 'animal models' adopted from quantitative genetics. Consistent with adaptive r/K differentiation at local scales, we found that genotypes from low-competition environments invest more in reproduction and are more sensitive to competition. By contrast, apparent effects of large-scale r/K differentiation and apparent genetic Allee effects can largely be explained by neutral population relatedness. Invading populations should not be treated as homogeneous groups, as they may adapt quickly to small-scale environmental variation in the invaded range. Furthermore, neutral population differentiation may strongly influence invasion dynamics and should be accounted for in analyses of common-garden experiments. KW - animal models KW - biological invasions KW - genetic Allee effects KW - interspecific competition KW - life history evolution KW - nonadaptive evolution KW - r and K selection KW - reproduction Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 192 IS - 2 SP - 529 EP - 541 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantion, Alexandre A1 - Graf, Philipp A1 - Florea, Ileana A1 - Haase, Andrea A1 - Thuenemann, Andreas F. A1 - Masic, Admir A1 - Ersen, Ovidiu A1 - Rabu, Pierre A1 - Meier, Wolfgang P. A1 - Luch, Andreas A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN) JF - Nanoscale N2 - Peptide-modified silver nanoparticles have been coated with an erbium-doped silica layer using a method inspired by silica biomineralization. Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering confirm the presence of an Ag/peptide core and silica shell. The erbium is present as small Er(2)O(3) particles in and on the silica shell. Raman, IR, UV-Vis, and circular dichroism spectroscopies show that the peptide is still present after shell formation and the nanoparticles conserve a chiral plasmon resonance. Magnetic measurements find a paramagnetic behavior. In vitro tests using a macrophage cell line model show that the resulting multicomponent nanoparticles have a low toxicity for macrophages, even on partial dissolution of the silica shell. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10930h SN - 2040-3364 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 5168 EP - 5179 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Straube, Arthur V. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Pattern formation induced by time-dependent advection JF - Mathematical modelling of natural phenomena N2 - We study pattern-forming instabilities in reaction-advection-diffusion systems. We develop an approach based on Lyapunov-Bloch exponents to figure out the impact of a spatially periodic mixing flow on the stability of a spatially homogeneous state. We deal with the flows periodic in space that may have arbitrary time dependence. We propose a discrete in time model, where reaction, advection, and diffusion act as successive operators, and show that a mixing advection can lead to a pattern-forming instability in a two-component system where only one of the species is advected. Physically, this can be explained as crossing a threshold of Turing instability due to effective increase of one of the diffusion constants. KW - pattern formation KW - reaction-advection-diffusion equation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/20116107 SN - 0973-5348 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 138 EP - 148 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Douce, Laurent A1 - Suisse, Jean-Moise A1 - Guillon, Daniel A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Imidazolium-based liquid crystals a modular platform for versatile new materials with finely tuneable properties and behaviour JF - Liquid crystals : an international journal of science and technology N2 - Ionic liquid Crystals constitute highly versatile materials that have drawn much interest these past few years in the fields of academic research and industrial development. In this respect, the present article is intended as an update of K. Binnemans review published in 2005, but focusing exclusively on the imidazolium cation - the most widely studied. Herein, imidazolium-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline materials will be sorted by molecular structure (mono-, bis-, poly-imidazolium compounds, with symmetrical and non-symmetrical structures) and discussed. Their physico-chemical properties will be exposed in order to adduce the relevancy and potential of the imidazolium platform in various fields of research. KW - imidazolium KW - liquid crystal KW - ionic liquid Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2011.610474 SN - 0267-8292 VL - 38 IS - 11-12 SP - 1653 EP - 1661 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara A1 - Hale, John T. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty JF - Language and cognitive processes N2 - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty, but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers' eye fixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated; and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension. KW - Reading KW - Parsing KW - Computer model KW - Corpus Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.492228 SN - 0169-0965 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 301 EP - 349 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Compensating tendencies in penalty kick decisions of referees in professional football evidence from the German Bundesliga 1963-2006 JF - Journal of sports sciences N2 - Using a large representative database (12,902 matches from the top professional football league in Germany), I show that the number (441) of two-penalty matches is larger than expected by chance, and that among these 441 matches there are considerably more matches in which each team is awarded one penalty than would be expected on the basis of independent penalty kick decisions (odds ratio=11.2, relative risk=6.34). Additional analyses based on the score in the match before a penalty is awarded and on the timing of penalties, suggest that awarding a first penalty to one team raises the referee's penalty evidence criterion for the same team, and lowers the corresponding criterion for the other team. KW - Decision-making KW - biased decisions KW - Bundesliga KW - sports statistics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.538711 SN - 0264-0414 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 441 EP - 447 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolfs, Martin A1 - Ohl, Sven T1 - Visual suppression in the superior colliculus around the time of microsaccades JF - Journal of neurophysiology N2 - Miniature eye movements jitter the retinal image unceasingly, raising the question of how perceptual continuity is achieved during visual fixation. Recent work discovered suppression of visual bursts in the superior colliculus around the time of microsaccades, tiny jerks of the eyes that support visual perception while gaze is fixed. This finding suggests that corollary discharge, supporting visual stability when rapid eye movements drastically shift the retinal image, may also exist for the smallest saccades. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00862.2010 SN - 0022-3077 VL - 105 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Bethesda ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Carsten A1 - Ullmann, Kristina A1 - Steinberg, Pablo T1 - The grapevine-shoot extract Vineatrol30 Inhibits the chemically induced malignant transformation of BALB/c-3T3 Cells JF - Journal of medicinal food N2 - Vineatrol (R) 30 (developed and produced jointly by Breko GmbH [Bremen, Germany] and Actichem [Montauban, France]) is a grapevine-shoot extract that contains resveratrol as well as considerable amounts of resveratrol oligomers. In the present study it is shown that Vineatrol30 at a noncytotoxic concentration of 2.3 mu g/mL significantly reduced the number of malignantly transformed foci induced by a sequential treatment of BALB/c-3T3 cells with 3-methylcholanthrene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in the so-called BALB/c-3T3 cell transformation assay. At a higher concentration Vineatrol30 drastically decreased the relative plating efficiency of the cells. Furthermore, the results suggest that the resveratrol oligomers present in Vineatrol30, independently from resveratrol itself, were indeed able to inhibit the formation of malignantly transformed BALB/c-3T3 foci. KW - BALB/c-3T3 cells KW - cell transformation assay KW - resveratrol KW - resveratrol oligomers KW - Vineatrol (R) 30 Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0022 SN - 1096-620X VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SP - 34 EP - 39 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Zai-Lai A1 - White, Robin J. A1 - Weber, Jens A1 - Taubert, Andreas A1 - Titirici, Magdalena M. T1 - Hierarchical porous carbonaceous materials via ionothermal carbonization of carbohydrates JF - Journal of materials chemistry N2 - We report on the ionothermal synthesis of porous carbon materials from a variety of carbohydrate precursors (i.e. D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, and starch) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl(4)] as a reusable solvent and catalyst. The carbon materials derived from these different carbohydrates are similar in terms of particle size and chemical composition, possessing relatively high surface areas from 44 to 155 m(2) g(-1) after ionothermal processing, which can be significantly increased to > 350 m(2) g(-1) by further thermal treatment (e. g. post-carbonization at 750 degrees C). CO(2) and N(2) sorption analysis, combined with Hg intrusion porosimetry, reveals a promising hierarchical pore structuring to these carbon materials. The ionic liquid [Bmim][FeCl(4)] has a triple role: it acts as both a soft template to generate the characterized pore structuring, solvent and as a catalyst resulting in enhanced ionothermal carbon yields. Importantly from a process point of view, the ionic liquid can be successfully recovered and reused. The current work shows that ionothermal synthesis has the potential to be an effective, low cost, and green reusable synthetic route towards sustainable porous carbon materials. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm00013f SN - 0959-9428 VL - 21 IS - 20 SP - 7434 EP - 7442 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bäumer, Wolfgang A1 - Rossbach, Kristine A1 - Mischke, Reinhard A1 - Reines, Ilka A1 - Langbein-Detsch, Ines A1 - Lüth, Anja A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard T1 - Decreased concentration and enhanced metabolism of sphingosine-1-Phosphate in lesional skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis disturbed Sphingosine-1-Phosphate homeostasis in atopic Dermatitis T2 - The journal of investigative dermatology Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.252 SN - 0022-202X VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 266 EP - 268 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlunegger, Fritz A1 - Norton, Kevin P. A1 - Zeilinger, Gerold T1 - Climatic forcing on channel profiles in the eastern cordillera of the Coroico Region, Bolivia JF - The journal of geology N2 - Orographic precipitation has a large impact on channel morphology and rock uplift via a positive feedback to erosion. We show that in the Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia, channel concavities reach their highest values where annual precipitation increases in the downstream direction, exceeding 3000 mm. The steepest channels are upstream of this zone of high concavity, where precipitation rates are <1000 mm yr(-1). Channels exhibit graded forms both upstream and downstream of this transient reach. We conclude that the prolonged effect of orographic erosion and related tectonic uplift is the preservation of channels with extreme concavities in the Eastern Cordillera. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/657407 SN - 0022-1376 VL - 119 IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pitzer, Martina A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study JF - Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics N2 - Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression. KW - preadolescent depression KW - temperament KW - maternal distress KW - gender Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474 SN - 0196-206X VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Catchpole, Gareth A1 - Platzer, Alexander A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Kempkensteffen, Carsten A1 - Johannsen, Manfred A1 - Krause, Hans A1 - Jung, Klaus A1 - Miller, Kurt A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Weikert, Steffen T1 - Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma JF - Journal of cellular and molecular medicine : a journal of translational medicine N2 - Recent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC. KW - kidney cancer KW - metabolism KW - metabolomics KW - metastasis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00939.x SN - 1582-1838 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Rolf Harald A1 - Buse, Joern A1 - Matern, Andrea A1 - Schroeder, Boris A1 - Haerdtle, Werner A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Eresus kollari (Araneae: Eresidae) calls for heathland management JF - The Journal of arachnology N2 - Northwest Europe's largest heather-dominated sandy habitats are located in the nature reserve Luneburger Heide, Germany. Yet, even these appear to be losing their ability to support some of their stenotopic species such as the ladybird spider, Eresus kollari Rossi 1846, and are thus becoming increasingly important for the preservation of these species. The habitat requirements of this endangered spider species were investigated in order to obtain data that will help stabilize the last remnants of the species' population in northwest Germany. Several heathland habitats were surveyed by pitfall trapping during the mate-search period of the males. Two statistical methods were applied: logistic regression and boosted regression trees (BRT). Both methods showed that three habitat variables are of prime relevance in predicting the occurrence of E. kollari: a) thickness of the organic layer (a negative effect), b) soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm, and c) Calluna cover in the herb layer (both have positive effect). Our results show that choppering (removing above-ground biomass and most of O-layer) and burning are likely appropriate heathland management measures for the conservation of E. kollari. Such measures improve the species' habitat quality by creating a heterogenic (small-scaled) heathland structure with suitable microhabitats. As Calluna heathlands show a clear senescence of the dominant heather, it is essential that those habitat patches be conserved. Further measures, such as transfer experiments, are recommended. KW - Conservation management KW - habitat modeling KW - action plan KW - choppering KW - burning Y1 - 2011 SN - 0161-8202 SN - 1937-2396 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 384 EP - 392 PB - American Arachnological Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Patrizia A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Higher velocities in isokinetic dynamometry a pilot study of new test mode with active compensation of inertia JF - Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society N2 - Isokinetic dynamometry is a standard technique for strength testing and training. Nevertheless reliability and validity is limited due to inertia effects, especially for high velocities. Therefore in a first methodological approach the purpose was to evaluate a new isokinetic measurement mode including inertia compensation compared to a classic isokinetic measurement mode for single and multijoint movements at different velocities. Isokinetic maximum strength measurements were carried out in 26 healthy active subjects. Tests were performed using classic isokinetic and new isokinetic mode in random order. Maximum torque/force, maximum movement velocity and time for acceleration were calculated. For inter-instrument agreement Bland and Altman analysis, systematic and random error was quantified. Differences between both methods were assessed (ANOVA alpha = 0.05). Bland and Altman analysis showed the highest agreement between the two modes for strength and velocity measurements (bias: < +/- 1.1%; LOA: < 14.2%) in knee flexion/extension at slow isokinetic velocity (60 degrees/s). Least agreement (range: bias: -67.6% +/- 119.0%; LOA: 53.4% 69.3%) was observed for shoulder/arm test at high isokinetic velocity (360 degrees/s). The Isokin(new) mode showed higher maximum movement velocities (p < 0.05). For low isokinetic velocities the new mode agrees with the classic mode. Especially at high isokinetic velocities the new isokinetic mode shows relevant benefits coupled with a possible trade-off with the force/torque measurement. In conclusion, this study offers for the first time a comparison between the 'classical' and inertia-compensated isokinetic dynamometers indicating the advantages and disadvantages associated with each individual approach, particularly as they relate to medium or high velocities in testing and training. KW - Strength testing KW - concentric KW - validity KW - trunk KW - knee KW - shoulder Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2011-0398 SN - 0959-3020 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 63 EP - 70 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grüne, Stefanie T1 - Is there a Gap in Kant's B Deduction? JF - International journal of philosophical studies N2 - In 'Beyond the Myth of the Myth: A Kantian Theory of Non-Conceptual Content', Robert Hanna argues for a very strong kind of non-conceptualism, and claims that this kind of non-conceptualism originally has been developed by Kant. But according to 'Kant's Non-Conceptualism, Rogue Objects and the Gap in the B Deduction', Kant's non-conceptualism poses a serious problem for his argument for the objective validity of the categories, namely the problem that there is a gap in the B Deduction. This gap is that the B Deduction goes through only if conceptualism is true, but Kant is a non-conceptualist. In this paper, I will argue, contrary to what Hanna claims, that there is not a gap in the B Deduction. KW - Kant KW - concepts KW - non-conceptualism KW - intuition KW - synthesis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2011.595196 SN - 0967-2559 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 465 EP - 490 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - El-Faddagh, Mahha A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Becker, Katja T1 - Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene T2 - Infant mental health journal Y1 - 2011 SN - 0163-9641 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 212 EP - 212 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rivera Villarreyes, C. A. A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Integral quantification of seasonal soil moisture changes in farmland by cosmic-ray neutrons JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Soil moisture at the plot or hill-slope scale is an important link between local vadose zone hydrology and catchment hydrology. However, so far only a few methods are on the way to close this gap between point measurements and remote sensing. One new measurement methodology that could determine integral soil moisture at this scale is the aboveground sensing of cosmic-ray neutrons, more precisely of ground albedo neutrons. The present study performed ground albedo neutron sensing (GANS) at an agricultural field in northern Germany. To test the method it was accompanied by other soil moisture measurements for a summer period with corn crops growing on the field and a later autumn-winter period without crops and a longer period of snow cover. Additionally, meteorological data and aboveground crop biomass were included in the evaluation. Hourly values of ground albedo neutron sensing showed a high statistical variability. Six-hourly values corresponded well with classical soil moisture measurements, after calibration based on one reference dry period and three wet periods of a few days each. Crop biomass seemed to influence the measurements only to minor degree, opposed to snow cover which has a more substantial impact on the measurements. The latter could be quantitatively related to a newly introduced field neutron ratio estimated from neutron counting rates of two energy ranges. Overall, our study outlines a procedure to apply the ground albedo neutron sensing method based on devices now commercially available, without the need for accompanying numerical simulations and suited for longer monitoring periods after initial calibration. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3843-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - 3843 EP - 3859 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munz, Matthias A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Schmidt, C. T1 - Sand box experiments to evaluate the influence of subsurface temperature probe design on temperature based water flux calculation JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Quantification of subsurface water fluxes based on the one dimensional solution to the heat transport equation depends on the accuracy of measured subsurface temperatures. The influence of temperature probe setup on the accuracy of vertical water flux calculation was systematically evaluated in this experimental study. Four temperature probe setups were installed into a sand box experiment to measure temporal highly resolved vertical temperature profiles under controlled water fluxes in the range of +/- 1.3 md(-1). Pass band filtering provided amplitude differences and phase shifts of the diurnal temperature signal varying with depth depending on water flux. Amplitude ratios of setups directly installed into the saturated sediment significantly varied with sand box hydraulic gradients. Amplitude ratios provided an accurate basis for the analytical calculation of water flow velocities, which matched measured flow velocities. Calculated flow velocities were sensitive to thermal properties of saturated sediment and to temperature sensor spacing, but insensitive to thermal dispersivity equal to solute dispersivity. Amplitude ratios of temperature probe setups indirectly installed into piezometer pipes were influenced by thermal exchange processes within the pipes and significantly varied with water flux direction only. Temperature time lags of small sensor distances of all setups were found to be insensitive to vertical water flux. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3495-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 3495 EP - 3510 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fader, Marianelle A1 - Gerten, Dieter A1 - Thammer, M. A1 - Heinke, J. A1 - Lotze-Campen, Hermann A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang T1 - Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations, and related water and land savings through trade JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - The need to increase food production for a growing world population makes an assessment of global agricultural water productivities and virtual water flows important. Using the hydrology and agro-biosphere model LPJmL, we quantify at 0.5 degrees resolution the amount of blue and green water (irrigation and precipitation water) needed to produce one unit of crop yield, for 11 of the world's major crop types. Based on these, we also quantify the agricultural water footprints (WFP) of all countries, for the period 1998-2002, distinguishing internal and external WFP (virtual water imported from other countries) and their blue and green components, respectively. Moreover, we calculate water savings and losses, and for the first time also land savings and losses, through international trade with these products. The consistent separation of blue and green water flows and footprints shows that green water globally dominates both the internal and external WFP (84% of the global WFP and 94% of the external WFP rely on green water). While no country ranks among the top ten with respect to all water footprints calculated here, Pakistan and Iran demonstrate high absolute and per capita blue WFP, and the US and India demonstrate high absolute green and blue WFPs. The external WFPs are relatively small (6% of the total global blue WFP, 16% of the total global green WFP). Nevertheless, current trade of the products considered here saves significant water volumes and land areas (similar to 263 km(3) and similar to 41 Mha, respectively, equivalent to 5% of the sowing area of the considered crops and 3.5% of the annual precipitation on this area). Relating the proportions of external to internal blue/green WFP to the per capita WFPs allows recognizing that only a few countries consume more water from abroad than from their own territory and have at the same time above-average WFPs. Thus, countries with high per capita water consumption affect mainly the water availability in their own country. Finally, this study finds that flows/savings of both virtual water and virtual land need to be analysed together, since they are intrinsically related. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1641-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 1641 EP - 1660 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ballato, Paolo A1 - Uba, Cornelius Eji A1 - Landgraf, Angela A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Stockli, Daniel F. A1 - Friedrich, Anke M. A1 - Tabatabaei, Saeid H. T1 - Arabia-Eurasia continental collision insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran JF - Geological Society of America bulletin N2 - A poorly understood lag time of 15-20 m.y. exists between the initial Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in late Eocene to early Oligocene time and the acceleration of tectonic and sedimentary processes across the collision zone in the early to late Miocene. The late Eocene to Miocene-Pliocene clastic and shallow-marine sedimentary rocks of the Kond, Eyvanekey, and Semnan Basins in the Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) offer the possibility to track the evolution of this orogen in the framework of collision processes. A transition from volcaniclastic submarine deposits to shallow-marine evaporites and terrestrial sediments occurred shortly after 36 Ma in association with reversals in sediment provenance, strata tilting, and erosional unroofing. These events followed the termination of subduction arc magmatism and marked a changeover from an extensional to a contractional regime in response to initiation of continental collision with the subduction of stretched Arabian lithosphere. This early stage of collision produced topographic relief associated with shallow foreland basins, suggesting that shortening and tectonic loading occurred at low rates. Starting from the early Miocene (17.5 Ma), flexural subsidence in response to foreland basin initiation occurred. Fast sediment accumulation rates and erosional unroofing trends point to acceleration of shortening by the early Miocene. We suggest that the lag time between the initiation of continental collision (36 Ma) and the acceleration of regional deformation (20-17.5 Ma) reflects a two-stage collision process, involving the "soft" collision of stretched lithosphere at first and "hard" collision following the arrival of unstretched Arabian continental litho sphere in the subduction zone. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B30091.1 SN - 0016-7606 VL - 123 IS - 1-2 SP - 106 EP - 131 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lai, Alvina G. A1 - Denton-Giles, Matthew A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. A1 - Dijkwel, Paul P. T1 - Positional information resolves structural variations and uncovers an evolutionarily divergent genetic locus in accessions of arabidopsis thaliana JF - Genome biology and evolution N2 - Genome sequencing of closely related individuals has yielded valuable insights that link genome evolution to phenotypic variations. However, advancement in sequencing technology has also led to an escalation in the number of poor quality-drafted genomes assembled based on reference genomes that can have highly divergent or haplotypic regions. The self-fertilizing nature of Arabidopsis thaliana poses an advantage to sequencing projects because its genome is mostly homozygous. To determine the accuracy of an Arabidopsis drafted genome in less conserved regions, we performed a resequencing experiment on a similar to 371-kb genomic interval in the Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) accession. We identified novel structural variations (SVs) between Ler-0 and the reference accession Col-0 using a long-range polymerase chain reaction approach to generate an Illumina data set that has positional information, that is, a data set with reads that map to a known location. Positional information is important for accurate genome assembly and the resolution of SVs particularly in highly duplicated or repetitive regions. Sixty-one regions with misassembly signatures were identified from the Ler-0 draft, suggesting the presence of novel SVs that are not represented in the draft sequence. Sixty of those were resolved by iterative mapping using our data set. Fifteen large indels (> 100 bp) identified from this study were found to be located either within protein-coding regions or upstream regulatory regions, suggesting the formation of novel alleles or altered regulation of existing genes in Ler-0. We propose future genome-sequencing experiments to follow a clone-based approach that incorporates positional information to ultimately reveal haplotype-specific differences between accessions. KW - haplotype KW - allelic variants KW - drafted genomes KW - genome partitioning KW - comparative genomics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr038 SN - 1759-6653 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SP - 627 EP - 640 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidlich, Matthias A1 - Polyvyanyy, Artem A1 - Mendling, Jan A1 - Weske, Mathias T1 - Causal behavioural profiles - efficient computation, applications, and evaluation JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - Analysis of behavioural consistency is an important aspect of software engineering. In process and service management, consistency verification of behavioural models has manifold applications. For instance, a business process model used as system specification and a corresponding workflow model used as implementation have to be consistent. Another example would be the analysis to what degree a process log of executed business operations is consistent with the corresponding normative process model. Typically, existing notions of behaviour equivalence, such as bisimulation and trace equivalence, are applied as consistency notions. Still, these notions are exponential in computation and yield a Boolean result. In many cases, however, a quantification of behavioural deviation is needed along with concepts to isolate the source of deviation. In this article, we propose causal behavioural profiles as the basis for a consistency notion. These profiles capture essential behavioural information, such as order, exclusiveness, and causality between pairs of activities of a process model. Consistency based on these profiles is weaker than trace equivalence, but can be computed efficiently for a broad class of models. In this article, we introduce techniques for the computation of causal behavioural profiles using structural decomposition techniques for sound free-choice workflow systems if unstructured net fragments are acyclic or can be traced back to S-or T-nets. We also elaborate on the findings of applying our technique to three industry model collections. KW - Causal Behavioural Profiles KW - Formal Methods KW - Behavioural Abstraction KW - Structural Decomposition KW - Exclusiveness KW - Concurrency KW - Order Relations KW - Causality KW - Optionality Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2011-614 SN - 0169-2968 VL - 113 IS - 3-4 SP - 399 EP - 435 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER -