TY - JOUR A1 - Labudek, Sarah A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Roth, Anika A1 - Pizzera, Alexandra A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - REFS-D BT - Eine deutschsprachige Skala zur Erfassung der Schiedsrichterselbstwirksamkeit BT - A German Scale for Assessing Referee Self-Efficacy JF - Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie N2 - Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist die teststatistische Überprüfung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version der Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS). Die REFS erfasst im englischsprachigen Original die Selbstwirksamkeit von Schiedsrichterinnen und Schiedsrichtern mit den Subskalen Wissen über das Spiel, Entscheidungsfindung, Druck und Kommunikation. Die Items wurden mit Hilfe der Übersetzung-Rückübersetzung ins Deutsche übertragen. Die Struktur und die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Items wurden anhand einer Stichprobe aus 265 deutschsprachigen Fußballschiedsrichterinnen und -schiedsrichtern überprüft. Da die im englischsprachigen Original vorgeschlagene Skalenzuordnung der REFS nach der Übersetzung ins Deutsche nicht replizierbar war, wurden Items mit mangelhaften Skaleneigenschaften aus der deutschsprachigen REFS-Version (REFS-D) ausgeschlossen. Das Resultat der Analysen ist eine Skala mit acht Items, die sich drei Subskalen, Spielumsetzung, Druck und Kommunikation, zuordnen lassen. Die REFS-D weist zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen und signifikante mittelhohe Korrelationen mit allgemeiner Selbstwirksamkeit auf. Trotz einiger Einschränkungen stellt die REFS-D als ökonomische Skala einen Ansatzpunkt für zukünftige Forschung dar. N2 - The purpose of the present article was to evaluate statistically and validate a German version of the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS). The English REFS assesses referee self-efficacy and consists of the scales Game Knowledge, Decision-Making, Pressure, and Communication. Data from 265 soccer referees was used to evaluate the structure and psychometric properties of the German items. Since we could not replicate the original dimension structure, we excluded items from the German REFS (REFS-D) that showed poor item characteristics. Analyses resulted in a short REFS-D consisting of eight items, subdivided into three dimensions: game realization, pressure, and communication. Results show acceptable internal consistencies. All three subscales of the REFS-D showed significant moderate correlations with general self-efficacy. Despite some limitations, the REFS-D represents an economic questionnaire and starting point for future research. T2 - REFS-D KW - Refficacy KW - Schiedsrichterentscheidungen KW - Selbstwirksamkeit KW - Faktorenanalyse KW - Referees' Decisions KW - Self-efficacy KW - Factor+Analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000256 SN - 1612-5010 SN - 2190-6300 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 24 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Establishing standards for Basketball Elite Referees' decisions JF - Journal of applied sport psychology N2 - Basketball referees' decisions in ambiguous situations are supposed to adhere to common standards. We propose that standards can be established by video training-programs. Thirty-three German elite basketball referees participated in an online experiment. Feedback during a learning phase influenced decisions (foul vs. no call) in a subsequent test phase. These results provide a starting point for further investigations into establishing standards for referees. They suggest that establishing standards for referees' decisions in ambiguous situations may be a worthwhile approach for improving the quality of referees' decisions. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2012.741090 SN - 1041-3200 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 370 EP - 375 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Towards an integrated perspective in officiating research-Establishing standards for basketball elite referees' decisions T2 - Journal of sport & exercise psychology Y1 - 2012 SN - 0895-2779 VL - 34 SP - S19 EP - S19 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Kahlert, Daniela A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - A Video-Based training method for improving soccer referees' intuitive decision-making skills JF - Journal of applied sport psychology N2 - We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-Entscheidungs-Training, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.555346 SN - 1041-3200 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 442 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Studying experts' intuitive decision making online using video stimuli Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-1-8487-2019-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning T1 - Conceptual considerations about the development of a decision-making training method for expert soccer referees Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-60692-390-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - O'Hare, David T1 - A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees' decision making Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-444-53356-2 ER -