TY - GEN A1 - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Editorial T2 - Journal of East European management studies : JEEMS Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2019-1-3 SN - 0949-6181 SN - 1862-0019 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 3 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bansard, Jennifer S. A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Kern, Kristine T1 - Pathways to urban sustainability BT - How science can contribute to sustainable development in cities JF - GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society N2 - Recent years have seen a considerable broadening of the ambitions in urban sustainability policy-making. With its Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, the 2030 Agenda stresses the critical role of cities in achieving sustainable development. In the context of SDG17 on partnerships, emphasis is also placed on the role of researchers and other scientific actors as change agents in the sustainability transformation. Against this backdrop, this article sheds light on different pathways through which science can contribute to urban sustainability. In particular, we discern four forms of science-policy-society interactions as key vectors: 1. sharing knowledge and providing scientific input to urban sustainability policy-making; 2. implementing transformative research projects; 3. contributing to local capacity building; and 4. self-governing towards sustainability. The pathways of influence are illustrated with empirical examples, and their interlinkages and limitations are discussed. We contend that there are numerous opportunities for actors from the field of sustainability science to engage with political and societal actors to enhance sustainable development at the local level. KW - cities KW - science-policy interactions KW - SDG 11 KW - sustainable development KW - urban sustainability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.28.2.9 SN - 0940-5550 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 112 EP - 118 PB - Oekom Verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagemann, Claudius A1 - Grote, Jürgen R. T1 - Countermovement formation in times of radical change JF - Social Movements and Organized Labour. Passions and Interests Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-315-60955-3 SN - 978-1-4724-7204-5 SP - 211 EP - 222 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - A Nineteenth-Century Turning Point BT - Nietzsche, Weber, Freud and Mill JF - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - Happiness as the ultimate goal of human endeavour is a thread running through theology and philosophy from the ancient Greeks to modern times. Such a claim raises immediately a host of critical objections and problems relating to the idea of cultural relativism. Can the theme of happiness be continuous and how would we know that? One way to overcome this dilemma is to identify ‘regimes of happiness’ – that is, clusters of ideas, practices and institutions that in one way or another connect to broad ideas of human wellbeing, flourishing and satisfaction or Eudaimonia to use the word that dominates Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Contreras- Vejar and Turner, 2018). Contemporary discussions of happiness almost invariably start with Aristotle (Nagel, 1972). However, the methodology here is to some extent borrowed from Michel Foucault to understand the ‘genealogy’ of happiness across different social and cultural formations. In the Western world one could identify an Aristotelian regime of happiness based on the idea of a sound polity and flourishing citizens. There is also a Christian regime of happiness around such figures as St. Augustine and within which there have been radical shifts most notably brought about by Luther and the Protestant Reformation. Regimes of happiness can overlap with each other and their borders are obviously fuzzy. Some regimes may last a long time in various forms. For example, Aristotle's treatment of happiness is one of the most cited versions of happiness across the West. The idea of happiness is, however, not confined to the West. For example, the Vietnamese Constitution that was devised by Ho Chi Minh, an admirer of America society, crafted the 1945 Constitution with three key words as its primary values – Independence–freedom–happiness (or niem hanh phuc). The 2013 version of the Constitution in Article 3 says, ‘The state guarantees […] that people enjoy what is abundant and free for a happy life with conditions for all- round development.’ One further notion behind our discussion of ‘regimes of happiness’ is that in principle we can detect important shifts in regimes that are associated both with specific networks of individual thinkers, and with institutional changes in the location of intellectuals in these networks. In this chapter I am especially interested in the transitions in thinking about happiness from the late eighteenth century and through the nineteenth century. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 235 EP - 248 PB - Anthem Press. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Turner, Bryan S. A1 - Contreras-Vejar, Yuri T1 - Introduction BT - Reflections on regimes of happiness T2 - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - This book started as a conversation about successful societies and human development. It was originally based on a simple idea— it would be unusual if, in a society that might be reasonably deemed as successful, its citizens were deeply unhappy. This combination— successful societies and happy citizens— raised immediate and obvious problems. How might one define “success” when dealing, for example, with a society as large and as complex as the United States? We ran into equally major problems when trying to understand “happiness.” Yet one constantly hears political analysts talking about the success or failure of various democratic institutions. In ordinary conversations one constantly hears people talking about being happy or unhappy. In the everyday world, conversations about living in a successful society or about being happy do not appear to cause bewilderment or confusion. “Ordinary people” do not appear to find questions like— is your school successful or are you happily married?— meaningless or absurd. Yet, in the social sciences, both “successful societies” and “happy lives” are seen to be troublesome. As our research into happiness and success unfolded, the conundrums we discussed were threefold: societal conditions, measurements and concepts. What are the key social factors that are indispensable for the social and political stability of any given society? Is it possible to develop precise measures of social success that would give us reliable data? There are a range of economic indicators that might be associated with success, such as labor productivity, economic growth rates, low inflation and a robust GDP. Are there equally reliable political and social measures of a successful society and human happiness? For example, rule of law and the absence of large- scale corruption might be relevant to the assessment of societal happiness. These questions about success led us inexorably to what seems to be a futile notion: happiness. Economic variables such as income or psychological measures of well- being in terms of mental health could be easily analyzed; however, happiness is a dimension that has been elusive to the social sciences. In our unfolding conversation, there was also another stream of thought, namely that the social sciences appeared to be more open to the study of human unhappiness rather than happiness. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Anthem Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Reith, Florian T1 - Mixed methods for research into higher education BT - Solving the problem of institutionalized introspection? JF - Theory and method in higher education research N2 - Mixed methods approaches have become increasingly relevant in social sciences research over the last few decades. Nevertheless, we show that these approaches have rarely been explicitly applied in higher education research. This is somewhat surprising because mixed methods and empirical research into higher education seem to be a perfect match for several reasons: (1) the role of the researcher, which is associated with strong intersections between the research subject and the research object; (2) the research process, which relies on concepts and theories that are borrowed from other research fields; and (3) the research object, which exhibits unclear techniques in teaching and learning, making it difficult to grasp causalities between input and results. Mixed methods approaches provide a suitable methodology to research such topics. Beyond this, potential future developments underlining the particular relevance of mixed methods approaches in higher education are discussed. KW - Mixed methods KW - methodology KW - empirical research KW - higher education KW - qualitative research KW - quantitative research Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-83867-841-8 SN - 978-1-83867-842-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-375220190000005008 SN - 2056-3752 VL - 5 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dorband, Ira Irina A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph T1 - Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle-income countries - A global comparative analysis JF - World development N2 - Even though concerns about adverse distributional implications for the poor are one of the most important political challenges for carbon pricing, the existing literature reveals ambiguous results. For this reason, we assess the expected incidence of moderate carbon price increases for different income groups in 87 mostly low- and middle-income countries. Building on a consistent dataset and method, we find that for countries with per capita incomes of below USD 15,000 per year (at PPP-adjusted 2011 USD) carbon pricing has, on average, progressive distributional effects. We also develop a novel decomposition technique to show that distributional outcomes are primarily determined by differences among income groups in consumption patterns of energy, rather than of food, goods or services. We argue that an inverse U-shape relationship between energy expenditure shares and income explains why carbon pricing tends to be regressive in countries with relatively higher income. Since these countries are likely to have more financial resources and institutional capacities to deal with distributional issues, our findings suggest that mitigating climate change, raising domestic revenue and reducing economic inequality are not mutually exclusive, even in low- and middle-income countries. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - Carbon pricing KW - Distributional effect KW - Decomposition analysis KW - Global comparison KW - Household data KW - Low- and middle-income countries Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.015 SN - 0305-750X VL - 115 SP - 246 EP - 257 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenninger, Helena Eva A1 - Krasnova, Hanna A1 - Buxmann, Peter T1 - Understanding the role of social networking sites in the subjective well-being of users BT - a diary study JF - European Journal of Information Systems N2 - Given the rising popularity of social networking sites (SNSs), the influence of these platforms on the subjective well-being (SWB) of their users is an emerging topic in information systems research. Building on the norm of reciprocity and the social functional approach to positive emotions, we posit that targeted reciprocity-evoking forms of SNS activities are best suited to promote users’ positive emotions. The favourable potential of these activities is likely to be particularly pronounced among adolescents who pay special attention to social acceptance, which can be channelled with the help of reciprocal communication. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative 7-day diary study of 162 adolescent Facebook users attending German schools, looking at the impact of their daily SNS activities on their SWB. Based on a linear mixed model analysis, our results confirm a positive link between targeted reciprocity-evoking activities – such as chatting, giving and receiving feedback – and adolescents’ positive emotions. Our findings provide a reassuring perspective on the implications of the sociotechnical design of SNS communication channels. Specifically, by encouraging targeted activities, providers, users, and other stakeholders can ensure the beneficial impact of this technology on users’ SWB. KW - non-targeted SNS activities KW - norm of reciprocity KW - social functional approach to positive emotions KW - adolescents KW - subjective well-being Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2018.1496883 SN - 0960-085X SN - 1476-9344 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 126 EP - 148 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hickmann, Thomas T1 - Rezension zu: Andonova, Liliana B: Governance Entrepreneurs: International Organizations and the Rise of Global Public-Private Partnerships. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. - XI,275 S. - ISBN 978-1-107-16566-3 JF - Global environmental politics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_r_00510 SN - 1526-3800 SN - 1536-0091 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 177 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yaka, Özge T1 - Gender and framing BT - gender as a main determinant of frame variation in Turkey's anti-hydropower movement JF - Women's Studies International Forum N2 - Framing literature has so far failed to construct gender as an analytical category that shapes the ways in which we perceive, identify and act upon grievances. This article builds on the insights of feminist theory and employs the conceptual vocabulary of the social movement framing perspective in maintaining gender as a main parameter of framing processes. Drawing on ethnographic research on local community struggles against hydropower plants in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, this article maintains the centrality of gender to framing processes. It analyzes the gendered difference between men’s macro-framings and women’s cultural and socio-ecological framings, which is rooted in their differing relationships with their immediate environment, as well as with the state and its institutions. The article maintains that the framings of women, which represent the immediacy of the environment, are more effective in gaining public support and shaping movement outcomes. In this sense, constructing gender as an important determinant of “frame variation” is essential not only to reveal women’s frames that are largely silenced through and within the mechanisms of social movement organization, but also to stress their centrality in shaping repertoires of contention, public reception and movement outcomes. KW - Gender KW - Social movements KW - Framing KW - Turkey KW - Hydropower Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.03.002 SN - 0277-5395 VL - 74 SP - 154 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Anne-Kathrin A1 - Krause, Tobias A. A1 - Vogel, Dominik T1 - Making performance Pay Work BT - The Impact of Transparency, Participation, and Fairness on Controlling Perception and Intrinsic Motivation JF - Review of Public Personnel Administration N2 - Performance pay has been one of the main trends in public sector reform over the last decade and aims to increase employees’ motivation. However, positive results are sparse. In a majority of cases, pay scheme designers neglect that intrinsic motivation may be distorted by the introduction of extrinsic rewards (crowding out). Nevertheless, under certain conditions, performance pay schemes may also enhance intrinsic motivation (crowding-in). The perception of rewards has proven to be an especially crucial factor for the outcome of performance pay. Based on psychological contract theory, this paper analyzes the relationships between intrinsic motivation, public service motivation (PSM), personality characteristics, and the design of the performance- appraisal scheme. The empirical analysis relies on a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Model findings reveal that a fair, participatory, and transparent design reduces the controlling perception while fostering the intrinsic motivation of employees. In addition, participants who score high on neuroticism perceive performance pay schemes to be more controlling and have lower values of intrinsic motivation. KW - performance pay KW - motivation crowding KW - performance-related pay KW - rewards KW - performance rating KW - performance appraisals Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17715502 SN - 0734-371X SN - 1552-759X VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 232 EP - 255 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Ansmann, Moritz A1 - Pohlenz, Philipp T1 - Institutional isomorphism, entrepreneurship and effectiveness BT - the adoption and implementation of quality management in teaching and learning in Germany JF - Tertiary Education and Management N2 - This paper presents empirical evidence on the adoption, implementation and the perceived effectiveness of quality management in teaching and learning in German higher education institutions. Theoretically, the article combines two new institutionalist approaches: institutional isomorphism and institutional entrepreneurship. Empirically, the study refers to qualitative interview data and quantitative survey data. The analysis reveals that isomorphism is a leading driver behind the adoption of quality management in German higher education institutions, whereas institutional entrepreneurship plays an important role in quality management implementation. While isomorphism can be regarded as a conclusive reason behind the absence of a perception of quality management’s effectiveness, institutional entrepreneurship may function as a corrective towards the overall negative impact of isomorphic conformity by institutionalizing quality management in a sustainable manner. KW - Higher education KW - Quality management KW - Quality assurance KW - New institutionalism KW - Isomorphism KW - Institutional entrepreneurship Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09022-3 SN - 1358-3883 SN - 1573-1936 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 129 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen A1 - Sawert, Tim A1 - Kohler, Ulrich T1 - Des Kaisers alte Kleider: Fiktion und Wirklichkeit des Nutzens von Lateinkenntnissen T1 - The Emperor’s Old Clothes: Fiction and Reality of the Benefits of Knowledge of Latin JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Obwohl Latein eine nicht mehr gesprochene Sprache ist und ihr deswegen kein kommunikativer Nutzen zukommt, ist die Anzahl der Latein als Schulfach wählenden Schüler im Zeitverlauf angestiegen. Mehrere Studien haben zudem gezeigt, dass Lateinkenntnisse weder das logische Denken, noch den Erwerb anderer Sprachen, noch das Gespür für die grammatikalische Struktur der Muttersprache verbessern. Auch wenn sich empirisch keine Vorteile des Erwerbs alter Sprachen nachweisen lassen, können Menschen subjektiv an solche Vorteile glauben und ihr Verhalten an ihrer Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit ausrichten. Auf der Basis einer unter Eltern von Gymnasialschülern durchgeführten Befragung zeigen wir, dass Latein umfassende Transfereffekte zugeschrieben und Personen mit Lateinkenntnissen positiver bewertet werden als Personen mit Kenntnissen moderner Sprachen. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass die „Illusio“ der Vorteile von Latein zwar in allen Bildungsgruppen wirksam ist, doch besonders von den Hochgebildeten vertreten wird. Sie arbeiten damit an der Konstruktion einer Realität, von der sie selbst die größten Nutznießer sind, indem sie Latein als symbolisches Kapital verwenden. N2 - Although Latin is a non-spoken language and therefore has no communicative value, the number of students choosing Latin as a foreign language at school has increased over time. Several studies have shown that learning Latin does neither improve logical thinking, nor the acquisition of other foreign languages, nor linguistic abilities in the mother tongue. Despite the empirical lack of benefits associated with the acquisition of ancient languages, people might believe in such benefits and behave in accordance with their construction of reality. Based on a survey conducted among parents of students at German high schools ("Gymnasium"), we show that parents extensively attribute transfer effects to learning Latin. Furthermore, people with knowledge of Latin are rated more positively than those with knowledge of modern languages with respect to their general and cultural education, as well as their social status. We also demonstrate that although the illusory of the benefits of Latin is prevalent in all educational groups, it is particularly pronounced among the higher educated. They construct a social reality of which they are the greatest beneficiaries by using Latin as a symbolic capital. KW - Education KW - Latin KW - Thomas theorem KW - Symbolic capital KW - Bildung KW - Latein KW - Thomas-Theorem KW - Symbolisches Kapital Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-019-00624-8 SN - 0023-2653 SN - 1861-891X VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 309 EP - 326 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaya, Muzaffer T1 - The potentials and challenges of left populism in Turkey BT - the case of the peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) JF - British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies N2 - In spring 2015, Turkey witnessed the unexpected rise of the HDP, founded by the Kurdish Liberation Movement together with the Turkish radical left, against President Erdoğan’s authoritarian rule. In this article, I will employ contemporary literature on left populism to explain the HDP’s rise as an alternative left hegemonic project against the neoliberal authoritarianism that Erdoğan represents. After discussing the historical context from which the HDP emerged and grew, I will evaluate its discourse and strategies based on a conceptualization of left-wing populism. Lastly, I will discuss the challenges that the HDP confronted after the June 2015 elections and the differences between the Turkish and Western European contexts for a left-wing populist strategy. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1634398 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 797 EP - 812 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yilmaz, Zafer T1 - The genesis of the ‘Exceptional’ Republic BT - the permanency of the political crisis and the constitution of legal emergency power in Turkey JF - British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies N2 - Almost half of the political life has been experienced under the state of emergency and state of siege policies in the Turkish Republic. In spite of such a striking number and continuity in the deployment of legal emergency powers, there are just a few legal and political studies examining the reasons for such permanency in governing practices. To fill this gap, this paper aims to discuss one of the most important sources of the ‘permanent’ political crisis in the country: the historical evolution of legal emergency power. In order to highlight how these policies have intensified the highly fragile citizenship regime by weakening the separation of power, repressing the use of political rights and increasing the discretionary power of both the executive and judiciary authorities, the paper sheds light on the emergence and production of a specific form of legality based on the idea of emergency and the principle of executive prerogative. In that context, it aims to provide a genealogical explanation of the evolution of the exceptional form of the nation-state, which is based on the way political society, representation, and legitimacy have been instituted and accompanying failure of the ruling classes in building hegemony in the country. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1634393 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 714 EP - 734 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yılmaz, Zafer A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Turkey’s deepening authoritarianism and the fall of electoral democracy JF - British journal of Middle Eastern studies Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1642662 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 691 EP - 698 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - A predisposition to brutality? BT - german practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 and their JF - Small wars and insurgencies N2 - The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-a-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war. KW - Francs-tireurs KW - levee en masse KW - myth of Franktireurkrieg KW - Franco-Prussian War KW - Geneva convention of 1864 KW - Landwehr KW - siege of Paris 1870 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551 SN - 0959-2318 SN - 1743-9558 VL - 30 IS - 4-5 SP - 968 EP - 993 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Generalists and specialists in executive politics: Why ambitious meta-policies so often fail JF - Public administration N2 - This article contributes to the politics of policy‐making in executive government. It introduces the analytical distinction between generalists and specialists as antagonistic players in executive politics and develops the claim that policy specialists are in a structurally advantaged position to succeed in executive politics and to fend off attempts by generalists to influence policy choices through cross‐cutting reform measures. Contrary to traditional textbook public administration, we explain the views of generalists and specialists not through their training but their positions within an organization. We combine established approaches from public policy and organization theory to substantiate this claim and to define the dilemma that generalists face when developing government‐wide reform policies (‘meta‐policies’) as well as strategies to address this problem. The article suggests that the conceptual distinction between generalists and specialists allows for a more precise analysis of the challenges for policy‐making across government organizations than established approaches. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12614 SN - 0033-3298 SN - 1467-9299 VL - 97 IS - 4 SP - 845 EP - 860 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heucher, Angela T1 - Evolving Order? Inter-Organizational Relations in the Organizational JF - Forum for Development Studies N2 - Global food security governance is fraught with fragmentation, overlap and complexity. While calls for coordination and coherence abound, establishing an inter-organizational order at this level seems to remain difficult. While the emphasis in the literature has so far been on the global level, we know less about dynamics of inter-organizational relations in food security governance at the country level, and empirical studies are lacking. It is this research gap the article seeks to address by posing the following research question: In how far does inter-organizational order develop in the organizational field of food security governance at the country level? Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on sociological institutionalism, and on work on inter-organizational relations. Empirically, the article conducts an exploratory case study of the organizational field of food security governance in Côte d’Ivoire, building on a qualitative content analysis of organizational documents covering a period from 2003 to 2016 and semi-structured interviews with staff of international organizations from 2016. The article demonstrates that not all of the developments attributed to food security governance at the global level play out in the same way at the country level. Rather, in the case of Côte d’Ivoire there are signs for a certain degree of coherence between IOs in the field of food security governance and even for an – albeit limited – division of labour. However, this only holds for specific dimensions of the inter-organizational order and appears to be subject to continuous contestation and reinterpretation under the surface. KW - inter-organizational relations KW - international organizations KW - organizational fields KW - inter-organizational order KW - food security governance Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2018.1562962 SN - 0803-9410 SN - 1891-1765 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 501 EP - 526 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland JF - Comparative Sociology N2 - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular. KW - low-wage employment KW - gender inequality KW - labor market KW - Germany KW - Austria KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507 SN - 1569-1322 SN - 1569-1330 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 488 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fitzi, Gregor T1 - Max Weber’s concept of ‘modern politics JF - Journal of Classical Sociology N2 - In a critical approach to Mommsen’s classical thesis, which states the dependence of Weber’s sociology on his political position, the article reconstructs the foundation of Weber’s ‘The Profession and Vocation of Politics’ on his sociological analyses of the political domain in the manuscripts for the posthumous publication of Economy and Society. The first two pages of his 1919 lecture particularly show that Weber can fall back on the definitions of State and politics that he had already developed for his political sociology. Yet, to appreciate the full extent of this theoretical contribution, it is necessary to present Weber’s entire ideal-typical analysis of the political. The article then shows that Weber provides an unlabelled definition of ‘modern politics’ that negates ante litteram Carl Schmitt’s foundation of politics on the idea of enmity. In this context, Weber’s sound plea for parliamentarism and against the fascination of civil war comes to the fore that he wanted to deliver to his audience of young revolutionaries in January 1919. KW - Carl Schmitt KW - civil war KW - concept of the political KW - Max Weber KW - monopoly of legitimate use of force KW - parliamentarism KW - political sociology KW - revolution KW - violence Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X19851368 SN - 1468-795X SN - 1741-2897 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 376 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Time, Science and the Critique of Technological Reason: Essays in Honor of Herminio Martins JF - European Journal of Social Theory Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431018824454 SN - 1368-4310 SN - 1461-7137 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 574 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fitzi, Gregor A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction: From politics as a vocation to politics as a profession T2 - Journal of Classical Sociology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X19851341 SN - 1468-795X SN - 1741-2897 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 311 EP - 315 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Nasery, Mustafa T1 - The success and failure of civil service reforms in Afghanistan T1 - Erfolg und Misserfolg der Reformen im öffentlichen Dienst Afghanistans BT - a critical study of reforms in a fragile and conflict-affected state BT - eine kritische Studie der Reformen in einem fragilen und konfliktbeladenen Staat N2 - The Government will create a motivated, merit-based, performance-driven, and professional civil service that is resistant to temptations of corruption and which provides efficient, effective and transparent public services that do not force customers to pay bribes. — (GoIRA, 2006, p. 106) We were in a black hole! We had an empty glass and had nothing from our side to fill it with! Thus, we accepted anything anybody offered; that is how our glass was filled; that is how we reformed our civil service. — (Former Advisor to IARCSC, personal communication, August 2015) How and under what conditions were the post-Taleban Civil Service Reforms of Afghanistan initiated? What were the main components of the reforms? What were their objectives and to which extent were they achieved? Who were the leading domestic and foreign actors involved in the process? Finally, what specific factors influenced the success and failure Afghanistan’s Civil Service Reforms since 2002? Guided by such fundamental questions, this research studies the wicked process of reforming the Afghan civil service in an environment where a variety of contextual, programmatic, and external factors affected the design and implementation of reforms that were entirely funded and technically assisted by the international community. Focusing on the core components of reforms—recruitment, remuneration, and appraisal of civil servants—the qualitative study provides a detailed picture of the pre-reform civil service and its major human resources developments in the past. Following discussions on the content and purposes of the main reform programs, it will then analyze the extent of changes in policies and practices by examining the outputs and effects of these reforms. Moreover, the study defines the specific factors that led the reforms toward a situation where most of the intended objectives remain unachieved. Doing so, it explores and explains how an overwhelming influence of international actors with conflicting interests, large-scale corruption, political interference, networks of patronage, institutionalized nepotism, culturally accepted cronyism and widespread ethnic favoritism created a very complex environment and prevented the reforms from transforming Afghanistan’s patrimonial civil service into a professional civil service, which is driven by performance and merit. N2 - Die Regierung wird einen motivierten, leistungsbasierten, leistungsorientierten und professionellen öffentlichen Dienst schaffen, der den Versuchungen der Korruption widersteht und effiziente, effektive und transparente öffentliche Dienstlesitungen anbietet, die Kundinnen und Kunden nicht dazu zwingt, Bestechungsgelder zu zahlen. — (GoIRA, 2006, p. 106) Wir waren in einem schwarzen Loch! Wir hatten ein leeres Glas und unsererseits nichts, um es zu füllen! Deshalb haben wir alles angenommen, was uns jemand anbot; so wurde unser Glas gefüllt; so haben wir unseren öffentlichen Dienst reformiert. — (Früherer Berater der IARCSC, persönliches Interview, August 2015) Wie und unter welchen Umständen wurden die Reformen des öffentlichen Dienstes in Afghanistan nach Ende der Taliban Zeit initiiert? Was waren die Ziele der Reformen und in welchem Maß wurden sie erreicht? Wer waren die führenden in- und ausländischen Akteure, die am Prozess beteiligt waren? Welche spezifischen Faktoren haben den Erfolg und Misserfolg der Reform des öffentlichen Dienstes Afghanistans seit 2002 beeinflusst? Diesen grundlegenden Fragen folgend, zeichnet diese Forschungsarbeit den verhängnisvollen Prozess der Reform des afghanischen öffentlichen Dienstes in einem Umfeld nach, in dem eine Vielzahl kontextueller, programmatischer und externer Faktoren die Ausgestaltung und Umsetzung der Reformen beeinflussten, die ausschließlich von internationalen Gemeinschaft finanziert und technisch unterstützt wurden. Die qualitative Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf drei Komponenten der Reform – Einstellung, Vergütung und Bewertung der Beamtinnen und Beamten – und liefert ein detailliertes Bild über den öffentlichen Dienst vor der Reform und der Hauptentwicklungen im Personalwesen in der Vergangenheit. Nach einer Diskussion über Inhalt und Zweck der wichtigsten Reformprogramme, zeigt die Studie das Ausmaß der Veränderungen in Politik und Praxis auf, indem sie die Ergebnisse und Auswirkungen der Reformen untersucht. Darüber hinaus definiert die Studie spezifische Faktoren, die dazu geführt haben, dass die meisten der angestrebten Reformziele nicht erreicht wurden. Dabei untersucht und erklärt sie, wie ein überwältigender Einfluss der internationalen Akteure mit widersprüchlichen Interessen zusammenwirkte mit großangelegter Korruption, politischer Einflussnahme, Netzwerken von Klientelismus, institutionalisiertem Nepotismus, kulturell akzeptierter Vetternwirtschaft und weit verbreiteter ethnischer Patronage. Dieses sehr komplexe Umfeld verhinderte grundlegende Reformen und die Transformation eines patrimonialen öffentlichen Dienstes in einen professionellen, leistungsorientierten öffentlichen Dienst in Afghanistan. KW - public administration KW - civil service reform KW - public administration reform KW - fragile and conflict-affected states KW - governance KW - international cooperation KW - Verwaltung KW - Reform des Öffentlichen Dienstes KW - Verwaltungsreform KW - fragile und konfliktbeladene Staaten KW - Governance KW - internationale Zusammenarbeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-444738 ER - TY - THES A1 - von Kaphengst, Dragana T1 - Project’s management quality in development cooperation T1 - Managementqualität von Projekten in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit N2 - In light of the debate on the consequences of competitive contracting out of traditionally public services, this research compares two mechanisms used to allocate funds in development cooperation—direct awarding and competitive contracting out—aiming to identify their potential advantages and disadvantages. The agency theory is applied within the framework of rational-choice institutionalism to study the institutional arrangements that surround two different money allocation mechanisms, identify the incentives they create for the behavior of individual actors in the field, and examine how these then transfer into measurable differences in managerial quality of development aid projects. In this work, project management quality is seen as an important determinant of the overall project success. For data-gathering purposes, the German development agency, the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), is used due to its unique way of work. Whereas the majority of projects receive funds via direct-award mechanism, there is a commercial department, GIZ International Services (GIZ IS) that has to compete for project funds. The data concerning project management practices on the GIZ and GIZ IS projects was gathered via a web-based, self-administered survey of project team leaders. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the independent variable to total of five components of project management. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified the differences between the separate components on these two project types. Enriched by qualitative data gathered via interviews, this thesis offers insights into everyday managerial practices in development cooperation and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the two allocation mechanisms. The thesis first reiterates the responsibility of donors and implementers for overall aid effectiveness. It shows that the mechanism of competitive contracting out leads to better oversight and control of implementers, fosters deeper cooperation between the implementers and beneficiaries, and has a potential to strengthen ownership of recipient countries. On the other hand, it shows that the evaluation quality does not tremendously benefit from the competitive allocation mechanism and that the quality of the component knowledge management and learning is better when direct-award mechanisms are used. This raises questions about the lacking possibilities of actors in the field to learn about past mistakes and incorporate the finings into the future interventions, which is one of the fundamental issues of aid effectiveness. Finally, the findings show immense deficiencies in regard to oversight and control of individual projects in German development cooperation. KW - development cooperation KW - project management quality KW - evaluation KW - GIZ KW - knowledge management KW - Entwicklungszusammenarbeit KW - Qualität des Projektmanagements KW - Evaluierung KW - GIZ KW - Wissensmanagement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Designing Democratic Constitutions BT - The Search for Optimality JF - Politics and Governance N2 - This article analyses salient trade-offs in the design of democracy. It grounds this analysis in a distinction between two basic models of democracy: simple and complex majoritarianism. These models differ not only in their electoral and party systems, but also in the style of coalition-building. Simple majoritarianism concentrates executive power in a single majority party; complex majoritarianism envisions the formation of shifting, issue-specific coalitions among multiple parties whose programs differ across multiple conflict dimensions. The latter pattern of coalition formation is very difficult to create and sustain under pure parliamentary government. A separation of powers between executive and legislature can facilitate such a pattern, while also achieving central goals of simple majoritarianism: identifiable cabinet alternatives before the election and stable cabinets afterward. The separation of powers can thus balance simple and complex majoritarianism in ways that are unavailable under parliamentarism. The article also compares the presidential and semi-parliamentary versions of the separation of powers. It argues that the latter has important advantages, e.g., when it comes to resolving inter-branch deadlock, as it avoids the concentration of executive power in a single human being. KW - electoral systems KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - semi-parliamentary government Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i4.2239 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 243 EP - 253 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Designing Democratic Constitutions BT - The Search for Optimality T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article analyses salient trade-offs in the design of democracy. It grounds this analysis in a distinction between two basic models of democracy: simple and complex majoritarianism. These models differ not only in their electoral and party systems, but also in the style of coalition-building. Simple majoritarianism concentrates executive power in a single majority party; complex majoritarianism envisions the formation of shifting, issue-specific coalitions among multiple parties whose programs differ across multiple conflict dimensions. The latter pattern of coalition formation is very difficult to create and sustain under pure parliamentary government. A separation of powers between executive and legislature can facilitate such a pattern, while also achieving central goals of simple majoritarianism: identifiable cabinet alternatives before the election and stable cabinets afterward. The separation of powers can thus balance simple and complex majoritarianism in ways that are unavailable under parliamentarism. The article also compares the presidential and semi-parliamentary versions of the separation of powers. It argues that the latter has important advantages, e.g., when it comes to resolving inter-branch deadlock, as it avoids the concentration of executive power in a single human being. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 120 KW - electoral systems KW - parliamentary government KW - presidential government KW - semi-parliamentary government Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445408 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 120 ER - TY - THES A1 - Renard, Léa T1 - Socio-histoire de l'observation statistique de l'altérité BT - Principes de classification coloniale, nationale et migratoire en France et en Allemagne (1880 - 2010) N2 - Autour de 1990 en France et de 2005 en Allemagne, deux nouvelles catégories sont introduites dans le champ de la statistique de la population. Toutes deux, « immigré » et « Person mit Migrationshintergrund », font appel au registre de la migration pour qualifier un groupe de population. Notre analyse montre que ces deux événements sont révélateurs d’un changement de signification des catégorisations statistiques de la migration dans les deux pays, de la description de la mobilité vers l’observation de l’altérité de la population, changement lié au contexte de la politique publique dite d’« intégration » qui se développe en France et en Allemagne dans les années 1990-2000. La thèse interroge ainsi la manière dont la statistique rend la migration socialement pertinente pour construire l’altérité. Pour pouvoir comprendre le virage entrepris dans les nomenclatures statistiques et le resituer dans une perspective de longue durée, nous avons postulé qu’il fallait aller chercher dans l’histoire de la statistique ce qui avait tenu lieu de classification principale de la population, en lieu et place des nouvelles catégories inventées au tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles. Nous nous sommes donc interrogée sur la genèse et l’institutionnalisation des catégories de l’altérité et de la mobilité dans la période 1880-1914, alors que la France et l’Allemagne, à l’époque le Deutsches Kaiserreich, se constituent en États-nations et en empires coloniaux. Pour observer ces processus empiriquement, nous avons choisi de comparer les pratiques de catégorisation de l’altérité et la mobilité (1) en France et en Allemagne, (2) à deux périodes différentes, 1880-1914 et 1990-2010, et (3) dans le contexte métropolitain et colonial. L’analyse socio-historique comparée d’après la méthodologie de la comparaison en contexte a reposé sur une asymétrie assumée entre les deux périodes étudiées : tandis qu’il s’agissait de reconstruire la genèse des catégories « immigré » et « Person mit Migrationshintergrund » à deux moments distincts temporellement en France et en Allemagne, l’analyse de la période 1880-1914 a consisté à mettre au jour ruptures et continuités historiques des principes de classification sur l’ensemble de la période dans une perspective croisée. La démarche n’est ni chronologique ni rétrospective : elle contraste deux configurations historiques pour tenter d’identifier des ressemblances et des différences. Nos résultats montrent qu’entre 1880 et 1914, la catégorie de migration est majoritairement associée à un phénomène de mobilité dans les discours politiques et statistiques. À cette époque, la focale se porte sur l’émigration, redéfinie comme un déplacement géographique en dehors des frontières de la nation et de l’Empire. Le transport des « émigrants », catégorie de population qui nourrit le débat et les tableaux statistiques, fait l’objet des problématisations politiques. Les statistiques relatives à l’émigration comme mobilité étaient alors séparées de l’observation de la composition de la population, à travers le critère de la nationalité dans le contexte métropolitain et des schémas « raciaux » dans le contexte colonial. En 1990 en France et 2005 en Allemagne, le registre de la migration est mobilisé cette fois pour observer statistiquement la composition de la population. Nos résultats ont permis de mettre au jour trois principes de construction de l’altérité dans les deux pays et dans les deux périodes étudiées : un principe national, un principe colonial et un principe migratoire. La thèse développe ainsi une approche renouvelée des interactions entre observation statistique et politique publique, en testant empiriquement sur le terrain des statistiques relatives à la migration l’hypothèse de la « circularité du savoir et de l’action » mise au point par Alain Desrosières N2 - Around 1990 in France and 2005 in Germany, two new categories were introduced in the field of population statistics. Both “immigré” and “Person mit Migrationshintergrund” use the semantics of migration to describe a population group. My analysis shows that these two events reveal a shift in the meaning associated to migration in statistical categories in both countries. The meaning of the category changes from a mere description of mobility to the ascription of otherness within a population, a change linked to the so-called integration policy that is developing in France and Germany in the years 1990-2000. The analysis reveals the way in which statistics make migration socially relevant to the construction of otherness. The thesis thus develops a renewed approach to the interactions between statistical observation and public policy, by empirically testing the hypothesis of the “circularity of knowledge and action” developed by Alain Desrosières. These shifts in statistical nomenclatures can only be understood if we adopt a long-term perspective. It is necessary to look at the history of statistics and to compare how populations have been classified differently over time in order to understand the new categories invented at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. We therefore question the genesis and institutionalization of the categories of otherness and mobility in the period 1880-1914, during the formation of France and the German Kaiserreich as nation states and colonial empires. To observe these processes empirically, we chose to compare the practices of categorization of otherness and mobility (1) in France and Germany, (2) at two different time periods, 1880-1914 and 1990-2010, and (3) in the metropolitan as well as colonial context. The analytical foci in both periods are slightly different. For 1990-2010, the aim was to reconstruct the genesis of the categories “immigré” and “Person mit Migrationshintergrund”, whereas the analysis of the period 1880-1914 consists of uncovering historical ruptures and continuities in the classification principles over the entire period. The approach is neither symmetrical, nor chronological: it contrasts two historical configurations in an attempt to identify similarities and differences. Our results show that between 1880 and 1914, migration as a category was mostly associated with a mobility phenomenon in political and statistical discourse. At that time, the focus was on emigration, redefined as a geographical outward movement, i.e. people leaving the borders of the nation and the Empire. The transport of “emigrants”, a category of population that fueled public debate and statistical tables, was constructed as a political problem. Statistics on emigration were then separated from the observation of the composition of the population. In the metropolitan context, this happened through the introduction of the criterion of nationality and in the colonial context through “racial” patterns. In 1990 in France and 2005 in Germany, migration semantics were then used to statistically observe the composition of the population. Our results reveal three principles along which the construction of otherness takes place in the two countries and in the two time periods studied: a national principle, a colonial principle and a migratory principle. These findings remind us that statistics are never neutral but always steeped in their socio historical and political context – an important aspect to remember especially in times when migration policies are again a topic high on the agenda of public debates and policy makers. KW - France KW - migration KW - statistiques KW - France KW - migration KW - statistics Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Rüdian, Sylvio Leo T1 - Wissenstransfer in Bildung und Weiterbildung BT - der Beitrag Künstlicher Intelligenz T2 - Digitale Transformation - gutes Arbeiten und Qualifizierung aktiv gestalten Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-95545-309-1 SP - 89 EP - 106 PB - Gito CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Herold, Jana T1 - International Bureaucracies as Governance Actors BT - an assessment of national stakeholders' perspectives N2 - This study assesses and explains international bureaucracies’ performance and role as policy advisors and as expert authorities from the perspective of domestic stakeholders. International bureaucracies are the secretariats of international organizations that carry out their work including generating knowledge, providing policy advice and implementing policy programs and projects. Scholars increasingly regard them as governance actors that are able to influence global and domestic policy making. In order to explain this influence, research has mainly focused on international bureaucracies’ formal features and/or staff characteristics. The way in which they are actually perceived by their domestic stakeholders, in particular by national bureaucrats, has not been systematically studied. Yet, this is equally important, given that they represent international bureaucracies’ addressees and are actors that (potentially) make use of international bureaucracies’ policy advice, which can be seen as an indicator for international bureaucracies’ influence. Accordingly, I argue that domestic stakeholders’ assessments can likewise contribute to explaining international bureaucracies’ influence. The overarching research questions the study addresses are what are national stakeholders’ perspectives on international bureaucracies and under which conditions do they consider international bureaucracies’ policy advice? In answering these questions, I focus on three specific organizational features that the literature has considered important for international bureaucracies’ independent influence, namely international bureaucracies’ performance and their role as policy advisors and as expert authorities. These three features are studied separately in three independent articles, which are presented in Part II of this article-based dissertation. To answer the research questions, I draw on novel data from a global survey among ministry officials of 121 countries. The survey captures ministry officials’ assessments of international bureaucracies’ features and their behavior with respect to international bureaucracies’ policy advice. The overall sample comprises the bureaucracies of nine global and nine regional international organizations in eight thematic areas in the policy fields of agriculture and finance. The overall finding of this study is that international bureaucracies’ performance and their role as policy advisors and expert authorities as perceived by ministry officials are highly context-specific and relational. These features vary not only across international bureaucracies but much more intra-organizationally across the different thematic areas that an international bureaucracy addresses, i.e. across different thematic contexts. As far as to the relational nature of international bureaucracies’ features, the study generally finds strong variation across the assessments by ministry officials from different countries and across thematic areas. Hence, the findings highlight that it is likewise important to study international bureaucracies via the perspective of their stakeholders and to take account of the different thematic areas and contexts in which international bureaucracies operate. The study contributes to current research on international bureaucracies in various ways. First, it directly surveys one important type of domestic stakeholders, namely national ministry officials, as to how they evaluate certain aspects of international bureaucracies instead of deriving them from their structural features, policy documents or assessments by their staff. Furthermore, the study empirically tests a range of theoretical hypotheses derived from the literature on international bureaucracies’ influence, as well as related literature. Second, the study advances methods of assessing international bureaucracies through a large-N, cross-national expert survey among ministry officials. A survey of this type of stakeholder and of this scope is – to my knowledge – unprecedented. Yet, as argued above, their perspectives are equally important for assessing and explaining international bureaucracies’ influence. Third, the study adapts common theories of international bureaucracies’ policy influence and expert authority to the assessments by ministry officials. In so doing, it tests hypotheses that are rooted in both rationalist and constructivist accounts and combines perspectives on international bureaucracies from both International Relations and Public Administration. Empirically supporting and challenging these hypotheses further complements the theoretical understanding of the determinants of international bureaucracies’ influence among national bureaucracies from both rationalist and constructivist perspectives. Overall, this study advances our understanding of international bureaucracies by systematically taking into account ministry officials’ perspectives in order to determine under which conditions international bureaucracies are perceived to perform well and are able to have an effect as policy advisors and expert authorities among national bureaucracies. Thereby, the study helps to specify to what extent international bureaucracies – as global governance actors – are able to permeate domestic governance via ministry officials and, thus, contribute to the question of why some international bureaucracies play a greater role and are ultimately able to have more influence than others. KW - international bureaucracies KW - international organizations KW - governance KW - expert authority KW - policy advice KW - national ministries KW - internationale Verwaltungen KW - internationale Organisationen KW - Governance KW - Expertenautorität KW - Politikempfehlungen KW - nationale Ministerien Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stöckel, Michael T1 - Verbesserte Legitimation von Stadtwerken durch Bürgerbeteiligung BT - Von Public-Private-Partnership zu Public-Citizen-Partnership? T2 - KWI-Arbeitshefte N2 - Die Stadtwerkebetriebe, zumindest diejenigen die im Strom- und Gassektor tätig sind, sind meist nicht mehr im Stadtwerke Eigenbetrieb organisiert, sondern von den Kommunen in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten in die Privatrechtsform der GmbH ausgegliedert worden. Hinzu kommt, dass diese kommunalen Unternehmen in einem Energiebinnenmarkt agieren, der durch die EU-Marktliberalisierung entstanden ist. Die unternehmerische Verselbstständigung der Stadtwerke GmbH von politischer Steuerung wird durch das Credo des Neuen Steuerungsmodells bestärkt, das gerade in der unternehmerischen Unabhängigkeit die Voraussetzungen für wirtschaftlichen Erfolg sieht. Diese Rahmenbedingungen zwingen die Unternehmen der kommunalen Wirtschaft, sich ausschließlich nach unternehmerischen und marktinduzierten Systemen zu richten. Dass die Logik des unternehmerischen Handelns keinen Platz lässt für eine politische Steuerung der Unternehmen, wird zum Legitimationsproblem für die kommunale Wirtschaft. Denn eine ausschließliche Orientierung an den Überschüssen der kommunalen Unternehmen legitimiert nicht den öffentlichen Zweck, weder politisch noch organisationsrechtlich. Die Gemeinwohlorientierung ist konstitutiver Bestandteil der kommunalen wirtschaftlichen Betätigung. Hier wird die These hervorgebracht, dass Bürgerbeteiligung in dieser Situation von den Stadtwerken zugelassen wird, um dieses Legitimationsdefizit abzuschwächen. Zwei Fälle werden qualitativ analysiert und verglichen: erstens die Stadtwerke Wolfhagen GmbH, die anhand von Bürgerbeteiligung Akzeptanz für einen Windpark generieren wollen. Zweitens die Stadtwerke Potsdam GmbH, die aus einer - hier als PR-Krise beschriebenen - Situation heraus, Legitimation mit verschiedenen Instrumenten der Bürgerbeteiligung wiederherzustellen versuchen. N2 - Formal privatisation of Stadtwerke (municipal-multi-utility-companies) and the EU energy market liberalisation made Stadtwerke become independent from their original public-welfare mandate. Cities, as material owners of Stadtwerke, are no longer willing or able to steer the companies towards a political direction. Public companies in the electricity sector are now mostly organised in private company law, which makes the management autonomous towards political intervention. Therefore, the sole public purpose of Stadtwerke is to generate profit for the cities. The surplus generated in one sector (e.g. electricity) is then spent within the Stadtwerke holding on sectors which are less profitable, like public transport. In this situation researchers assume problems of legitimacy of municipal companies, since they are lacking substantial public purpose. It is argued by this paper that this legitimacy gap can be lessened, though not entirely eliminated, with methods of citizen participation by Stadtwerke. Here the German expression for citizen participation (Beteiligung) can mean both democratic participation, in the sense of cooperation and co-deciding, as well as financial participation. Two cases are qualitatively analysed: first, Stadtwerke Wolfhagen GmbH, in which a quarter of shares was sold to a 'citizen energy co-operative'. Here the financial implication of citizen participation might be overstressed. However, the energy co-operative currently engages in energy efficiency programmes, which help the members of the cooperative to save electricity. In the case of Wolfhagen participation also generated acceptance for an onshore wind farm close to the city. The second case, Stadtwerke Potsdam GmbH, was troubled with a ‘public relation crisis’ and from there they tried more conventional models of citizen participation in order to regain acceptance. They recently founded a customer advisory board and established a renewable energy fund for their clients. T3 - KWI-Arbeitshefte - 26 KW - Bürgerbeteiligung KW - Bürgerenergiegenossenschaft KW - Stadtwerke Potsdam GmbH KW - Stadtwerke Wolfhagen GmbH KW - Legitimation KW - Kommunale Daseinsvorsorge KW - Energiewende KW - Lokale Demokratie KW - Mitbestimmung KW - Partizipation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431722 SN - 978-3-86956-474-6 SN - 1616-8127 SN - 2191-6713 IS - 26 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Binder, Kristin T1 - Diskriminierungserfahrungen von Personen mit nicht-binärer Geschlechtsidentität T1 - Discrimination experience of non-binary people N2 - Sowohl in der intersektionalen Ungleichheitsforschung als auch in feministischer Geschlechterforschung bleibt der Fokus bezüglich Themen wie Geschlechterdiskriminierung der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit - trotz der jahrelangen Erkenntnis über die Vielzahl von Geschlechtsidentitäten - zumeist nur auf Lebenssituationen von Männern und Frauen. Dies erweist sich jedoch als höchst problematisch, da Personen mit nicht-binärer Geschlechtsidentität in einem hohen Maß von Diskriminierung und sozialer Ungleichheit betroffen sind. In der Abschlussarbeit wird deswegen mit Hilfe einer intersektionalen Perspektive auf diese Forschungslücke eingegangen. Es wird dabei die Frage gestellt, welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen das Konzept der Intersektionalität in Bezug auf die Erforschung von Diskriminierungserfahrungen von Personen mit nicht-binärer Geschlechtsidentität bietet und worauf die soziale Ungleichheit dieser Personengruppe basiert. Hierfür wird zunächst nicht nur auf grundlegende geschlechtersoziologische Theorien eingegangen sowie das Konzept der Intersektionalität erläutert, sondern auch ausführlich der Wissenschaftsstand zu nicht-binären Personen nachgezeichnet. Bei der darauffolgenden Analyse der Diskriminierungserfahrungen werden vor allem die sprachliche Benachteiligung, die Invalidierung der Geschlechtsidentität sowie die durch Institutionen und systematische Strukturen hervorgerufene, besonders dramatische soziale Ungleichheit deutlich. Aus einer intersektionalen Perspektive zeigen sich zudem deutliche Unterschiede zwischen nicht-binären Personen, wobei sich vor allem der Einfluss von Rassismus als äußerst auffällig erweist. Die soziale Ungleichheit der nicht-binären Personen lässt sich dabei zu einem großen Teil durch die in der Gesellschaft vorherrschende Heteronormativität und dem Alltagswissen über eine vermeintliche Dualität der Geschlechter erklären. Im Hinblick auf die Fruchtbarkeit einer intersektionalen Perspektive auf Diskriminierungserfahrungen von nicht-binären Personen zeigen sich Grenzen des Konzepts vor allem bei der notwendigen Limitierung der Kategorienanzahl und bei einer Herangehensweise, welche den Begriff der Intersektionalität wörtlich nimmt. Möglichkeiten bei der Verwendung einer Mischung aus antikategorialen und interkategorialen Ansatzes sind hingegen, eine Kritik an Ausschlüssen in der Forschung zu sozialer Ungleichheit, die kritische Sichtbarhaltung der machtvollen Prozesse hinter Kategorisierungen und das Aufzeigen von Unterschieden innerhalb ansonsten als homogen behandelten sozialen Gruppen. Um das Ausmaß an Diskriminierung für nicht-binäre Personen zu reduzieren, werden deswegen abschließend sowohl strukturelle Veränderung als notwendig erachtet als auch ein aufgeklärter, respektvoller und einschließender Umgang mit nicht-binären Personen in der Wissenschaft und im Alltag. N2 - In intersectional inequality research as well as in feminist Gender Studies the focus towards gender based discrimination and justice is mostly only on the living situations of men and women even though there has been scientific knowledge about a wide variety of gender identities for years. This turns out to be highly problematic because non-binary people face a great amount of discrimination and social inequality. Hence this thesis aims to respond to that research gap by utilizing an intersectional perspective. The main question is, which possibilities and limits arise by using the concept of intersectionality in regard to researching experience of discrimination of non-binary people and whereupon the social inequality of this group is based. Therefore in the first chapter fundamental gender-sociological theories are pointed out and the concept of intersectionality is elucidated. The second chapter begins with an elaborate display of the scientific knowledge about non-binary people, which is followed by the analysis of their experiences of discrimination. The main findings there are linguistic discrimination, invalidation of their gender identity and dramatic social inequality through institutions and systematic structures. From an intersectional perspective significant divergences in the experience of discrimination appear as well inbetween the group of non-binary people whereby the influence of racism is especially prevalent. The social inequality of non-binary people can be explained by the societal predominant heteronormativity and the everyday knowledge about the presumed duality of gender. In regard to the fruitfulness of an intersectional perspective on experiences of discrimination of non-binary people, the analysis shows that the main limits of the concept are the necessity of restricting the amount of research categories. In contrast the possibilities of using a mix of the anticategorical and intercategorical approach is that criticising exclusions in the research of social inequality becomes possible, powerful processes of categorising can be made visible and differences inbetween social groups become apparent. To reduce the amount of discrimination that non-binary people have to face on a daily basis, structural change is necessary as well as a respectful, enlightened and inclusive contact with non-binary people in everyday life and science. KW - nicht-binäre Geschlechtsidentität KW - Intersektionalität KW - Diskriminierung KW - genderqueer KW - Dekonstruktion KW - Heteronormativität KW - Zweigeschlechtlichkeitssystem KW - Queerfeminismus KW - non-binary KW - intersectionality KW - discrimination KW - heteronormativity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441636 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wernert, Yann T1 - Internationale Kooperation in der Rohstoffpolitik BT - Potenziale und Grenzen am Beispiel von Deutschland und Frankreich N2 - Deutschland und Frankreich benötigen stetige Metallimporte, um ihr Wirtschaftsmodell aufrechtzuerhalten. Internationale Kooperation ist unerlässlich, damit diese Importe zuverlässig und nachhaltig verlaufen. Doch welche Potenziale bieten sich in diesem Bereich, welche Grenzen sind dabei zu erkennen? Dieser Frage geht Yann Wernert durch einen Fallstudienvergleich mit prozessanalytischen Methoden und auf der theoretischen Grundlage des neoliberalen Institutionalismus nach. Er zeigt, dass beide Länder ihre Bemühungen als reaktive Mittelmächte gestalten. Sie wollen durch staatliche Rohstoffstrategien wirtschaftliche, strategische und Nachhaltigkeitsziele erreichen. Während die Analyse durchaus Kooperationspotenziale ausmacht, fallen diese je nach Ländergruppe und Politikbereich sehr unterschiedlich aus. KW - Rohstoffpolitik KW - Rohstoffe KW - Bergbau KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-28517-3 SN - 978-3-658-28518-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28518-0 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - THES A1 - Hanschmann, Raffael Tino T1 - Stalling the engine? EU climate politics after the ‘Great Recession’ T1 - Den Motor abgewürgt? EU-Klimapolitik nach der Großen Rezession BT - investigating the impact of economic shocks on EU climate policy-making in three case studies BT - eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von Wirtschaftskrisen auf Prozesse in der EU-Klimapolitik in drei Fallstudien N2 - This dissertation investigates the impact of the economic and fiscal crisis starting in 2008 on EU climate policy-making. While the overall number of adopted greenhouse gas emission reduction policies declined in the crisis aftermath, EU lawmakers decided to introduce new or tighten existing regulations in some important policy domains. Existing knowledge about the crisis impact on EU legislative decision-making cannot explain these inconsistencies. In response, this study develops an actor-centred conceptual framework based on rational choice institutionalism that provides a micro-level link to explain how economic crises translate into altered policy-making patterns. The core theoretical argument draws on redistributive conflicts, arguing that tensions between ‘beneficiaries’ and ‘losers’ of a regulatory initiative intensify during economic crises and spill over to the policy domain. To test this hypothesis and using social network analysis, this study analyses policy processes in three case studies: The introduction of carbon dioxide emission limits for passenger cars, the expansion of the EU Emissions Trading System to aviation, and the introduction of a regulatory framework for biofuels. The key finding is that an economic shock causes EU policy domains to polarise politically, resulting in intensified conflict and more difficult decision-making. The results also show that this process of political polarisation roots in the industry that is the subject of the regulation, and that intergovernmental bargaining among member states becomes more important, but also more difficult in times of crisis. N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss der in 2008 beginnenden globalen Wirtschaftskrise auf die Prozesse der EU-Klimapolitik. Während die Zahl der verabschiedeten Gesetze zur Treibhausgasreduktion nach Krisenausbruch insgesamt sank, entschieden die EU-Gesetzgeber, in mehreren wichtigen Politikfeldern neue Regulierungen einzuführen oder existierende zu verschärfen. Bestehendes Wissen zum Einfluss der Krise auf EU-Gesetzgebungsprozesse kann diese Inkonsistenzen nicht erklären. Daher entwickelt diese Arbeit ein auf Rational-Choice-Institutionalismus basierendes konzeptionelles Gerüst, das auf der Mikro-Ebene eine kausale Verbindung zwischen Wirtschaftskrise und veränderten Politikprozessen herstellt. Das zentrale theoretische Argument beruht auf Verteilungskonflikten innerhalb der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranchen: Die Spannung zwischen „Nutznießern“ und „Verlierern“ einer geplanten Regulierung intensiviert sich in Krisenzeiten und setzt sich im politischen Raum fort. Diese Hypothese wird an drei Fallstudien mittels sozialer Netzwerkanalyse getestet. Die drei Fallstudien untersuchen politische Entscheidungsprozesse in den folgenden EU-Politikfeldern: Kohlenstoffdioxid-Emissionsgrenzen für PKW, die Ausweitung des Emissionshandels auf Flugverkehr und die Einführung eines Regulierungsrahmens für Biokraftstoffe. Die wichtigste Erkenntnis der Untersuchung ist, dass makroökonomische Schocks eine Polarisierung der politischen Interessen innerhalb eines Politikfeldes auslösen, dadurch Konflikte intensivieren und letztlich Entscheidungsfindungen erschweren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass dieser Polarisierungsprozess in der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranche wurzelt. Außerdem werden Verhandlungen zwischen den Regierungen der Mitgliedsstaaten in Krisenzeiten wichtiger, aber auch schwieriger.  KW - EU KW - European Union KW - policy-making KW - network analysis KW - policy preferences KW - economic crisis KW - crisis KW - climate KW - climate change KW - climate policy KW - climate politics KW - environmental policy KW - EU KW - Europäische Union KW - Politikgestaltung KW - Netzwerkanalyse KW - Politikpräferenzen KW - Wirtschaftskrise KW - Krise KW - Klima KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimapolitik KW - Umweltpolitik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440441 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reiher, Martin T1 - Parlamentarier als Beruf BT - Rekrutierungswege und politische Karrieren am Beispiel des Deutschen Bundestages N2 - Die politische Professionalisierung hat innerhalb der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen zur Sozialfigur des Berufspolitikers geführt. Diese Entwicklung wird im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit hergeleitet und im empirischen Teil mit umfangreichen Daten belegt. Bemerkenswert ist, dass es dabei nicht zu erheblichen Veränderungen in den Rekrutierungsmustern und Karriereverläufen der Abgeordneten gekommen ist. Vielmehr erweisen sich die von Dietrich Herzog herausgearbeiteten Karrieretypen auch heute noch als gültig und mussten nur moderat angepasst werden. Es zeigt sich damit eine erstaunliche Kontinuität in der politischen Elitenbildung. Die in Deutschland sehr gefestigten institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, die den Zugang und die Attraktivität politischer Karrieren determinieren, haben offensichtlich auch zu einer Stabilisierung der Karrieretypen geführt. Y1 - 2019 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - THES A1 - Brase, Alexa Kristin T1 - Spiele um Studium und Lehre? Zur mikropolitischen Nutzung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen an Hochschulen in Deutschland T1 - About the micropolitical use of quality management systems in German higher education N2 - Die Wissenschaftsfreiheit ist ein Grundrecht, dessen Sinn und Auslegung im Rahmen von Reformen des Hochschulsystems nicht nur der Justiz, sondern auch der Wissenschaft selbst immer wieder Anlass zur Diskussion geben, so auch im Zuge der Einführung des so genannten Qualitätsmanagements von Studium und Lehre an deutschen Hochschulen. Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift stellt die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie vor, die mit einer soziologischen Betrachtung des Qualitätsmanagements unterschiedlicher Hochschulen zu dieser Diskussion beiträgt. Auf Grundlage der Prämisse, dass Verlauf und Folgen einer organisationalen Innovation nur verstanden werden können, wenn der alltägliche Umgang der Organisationsmitglieder mit den neuen Strukturen und Prozessen in die Analyse einbezogen wird, geht die Studie von der Frage aus, wie Akteurinnen und Akteure an deutschen Hochschulen die Qualitätsmanagementsysteme ihrer Organisationen nutzen. Die qualitative inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von 26 Leitfaden-Interviews mit Prorektorinnen und -rektoren, Qualitätsmanagement-Personal und Studiendekaninnen und -dekanen an neun Hochschulen ergibt, dass die Strategien der Akteursgruppen an den Hochschulen im Zusammenspiel mit strukturellen Aspekten unterschiedliche Dynamiken entstehen lassen, mit denen Implikationen für die Lehrfreiheit verbunden sind: Während die Autonomie der Lehrenden durch das Qualitätsmanagement an einigen Hochschulen unterstützt wird, sind sowohl Autonomie als auch Verantwortung für Studium und Lehre an anderen Hochschulen Gegenstand andauernder Konflikte, die auch das Qualitätsmanagement einschließen. N2 - The meaning and interpretation of academic freedom in the context of higher education reforms in Germany create legal disputes as well as discussions within higher education itself. The introduction of quality management for study programs and teaching at German universities is one of the current topics related to these discussions. This dissertation contributes to them by presenting the results of an empirical study on different universities’ quality management systems. The study is based on the premise that the course and consequences of an organisational innovation can only be understood by including the day-to-day work of the organisation’s members with the new structures and processes in the analysis. It starts, therefore, with the question: How do actors at German universities use the quality management systems of their organisations? Twenty-six interviews were conducted with vice-rectors, quality management staff and deans of studies at nine universities. A qualitative content analysis shows that the strategies of the different groups of actors create different dynamics in interaction with structural characteristics. There are implications for academic freedom associated with this: At some universities, the autonomy of university teachers is supported by quality management, while at other universities, both autonomy and responsibility for study programs and teaching are the subject of ongoing conflicts also involving quality management. KW - Hochschulen KW - Qualitätsmanagement KW - Mikropolitik KW - higher education KW - quality management KW - micropolitics Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437377 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fischer, Caroline A1 - Adams, Henna A1 - Hahn, Michelle A1 - Zeidler, Dominik A1 - Möller, Johanna-Katharina A1 - Metzger, Lena A1 - Preller, Lisa-Sophia A1 - Bertheau, Clementine A1 - Hiller, Johannes A1 - Paffhausen, Felix A1 - Heyn, Georg A1 - Hardwiger, Aylin A1 - Martin, Friederike A1 - Hobracht, Pauline A1 - Breiner, Catherine A1 - Hammer, Simon A1 - Proeller, Isabella ED - Fischer, Caroline ED - Proeller, Isabella T1 - Zukunftsszenarien für die digitale Verwaltung T1 - Future scenarios for the digital public administration BT - Ergebnisse eines studentischen Beratungsprojekts BT - results of a student consulting project N2 - Dieses Sonderheft der Schriftenreihe des Lehrstuhls für Public und Nonprofit Management präsentiert Ergebnisse eines studentischen Beratungsprojekts aus dem Wintersemester 2018/19. Dabei wurde eine Vision für eine digitalisierte öffentliche Verwaltung entworfen. Unter Anwendung von Szenariomethoden wurden Zukunftsszenarien entwickelt und getestet, die sich entweder mit Bürger*innen und Unternehmen als Kund*innen der Verwaltung, den öffentlich Beschäftigen oder der Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation in der Verwaltung beschäftigen. N2 - This Special Issue of the Chair of Public and Nonprofit Management’s publication series presents results of a student consulting project from the winter semester 2018/19. A vision for a digital public administration has been designed. By using the scenario method, future scenarios have been developed and tested. These scenarios deal either with citizens and businesses as clients of the administration, public employees or organizational structure and internal coordination. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 25 KW - digitale Transformation KW - Public Management KW - öffentliche Verwaltung KW - Digitalisierung KW - digital transformation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435593 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - THES A1 - Arf, Shelan Ali T1 - Women’s everyday reality of social insecurity T1 - Soziale Unsicherheit als alltägliche Realität für geschiedene Frauen in Irakisch-Kurdistan BT - the case of divorced women in Iraqi Kurdistan N2 - Since 1980 Iraq passed through various wars and conflicts including Iraq-Iran war, Saddam Hussein’s the Anfals and Halabja campaigns against the Kurds and the killing campaigns against Shiite in 1986, Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, the Gulf war in 1990, Iraq war in 2003 and the fall of Saddam, the conflicts and chaos in the transmission of power after the death of Saddam, and the war against ISIS . All these wars left severe impacts in most households in Iraq; on women and children in particular. The consequences of such long wars could be observed in all sectors including economic, social, cultural and religious sectors. The social structure, norms and attitudes are intensely affected. Many women specifically divorced women found them-selves in challenging different difficulties such as social as well as economic situations. Thus the divorced women in Iraqi Kurdistan are the focus of this research. Considering the fact that there is very few empirical researches on this topic, a constructivist grounded theory methodology (CGT) is viewed as reliable in order to come up with a comprehensive picture about the everyday life of divorced women in Iraqi Kurdistan. Data collected in Sulaimani city in Iraqi Kurdistan. The work of Kathy Charmaz was chosen to be the main methodological context of the research and the main data collection method was individual intensive narrative interviews with divorced women. Women generally and divorced women specifically in Iraqi Kurdistan are living in a patriarchal society that passing through many changes due to the above mentioned wars among many other factors. This research is trying to study the everyday life of divorced women in such situations and the forms of social insecurity they are experiencing. The social institutions starting from the family as a very significant institution for women to the governmental and non-governmental institutions that are working to support women, and the copying strategies, are in focus in this research. The main research argument is that the family is playing ambivalent roles in divorced women’s life. For instance, on one side families are revealed to be an essential source of security to most respondents, on the other side families posed also many threats and restrictions on those women. This argument supported by what called by Suad joseph "the paradox of support and suppression" . Another important finding is that the stat institution(laws , constitutions ,Offices of combating violence against woman and family) are supporting women somehow and offering them protection from the insecurities but it is clear that the existence of the laws does not stop the violence against women in Iraqi Kurdistan, As explained by Pateman because the laws /the contract is a sexual-social contract that upholds the sex rights of males and grants them more privileges than females. The political instability, Tribal social norms also play a major role in influencing the rule of law. It is noteworthy to refer that analyzing the interviews in this research showed that in spite that divorced women living in insecurities and facing difficulties but most of the respondents try to find a coping strategies to tackle difficult situations and to deal with the violence they face; these strategies are bargaining, sometimes compromising or resisting …etc. Different theories used to explain these coping strategies such as bargaining with patriarchy. Kandiyoti who stated that women living under certain restraints struggle to find way and strategies to enhance their situations. The research finding also revealed that the western liberal feminist view of agency is limited this is agree with Saba Mahmood and what she explained about Muslim women agency. For my respondents, who are divorced women, their agency reveals itself in different ways, in resisting or compromising with or even obeying the power of male relatives, and the normative system in the society. Agency is also explained the behavior of women contacting formal state institutions in cases of violence like the police or Offices of combating violence against woman and family. N2 - Irakisch-Kurdistan ist ein von Konflikten geprägtes Land. Diese haben tiefgreifende soziale, kulturelle, ökonomische und religiöse Folgen. Insbesondere geschiedene Frauen finden sich oft in herausfordernden Situationen. Aufgrund des Mangels an empirischen Analysen wendet diese Studie Grounded Theory an, um sich mit dem Alltag von geschiedenen Frauen in Iraqi Kurdistan zu beschäftigen. Hierbei wird besonders auf Themen sie soziale Sicherheit, agency, Verhandlungs- und Widerstandsstrategien eingegangen. KW - divorced women KW - Iraqi Kurdistan KW - geschiedene Frauen KW - Irakisch-Kurdistan Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434333 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christians, Heiko T1 - Kultur und Gefahr BT - einleitende Bemerkungen über ein Thema Jose Ortega y Gassets JF - Gefahr oder Risiko : zur Geschichte von Kalkül und Einbildungskraft Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7705-6425-5 SP - 9 EP - 26 PB - Fink CY - Paderborn ER - TY - BOOK ED - Christians, Heiko ED - Mein, Georg T1 - Gefahr oder Risiko BT - zur Geschichte von Kalkül und Einbildungskraft N2 - Von Gefahren ist täglich die Rede. Doch die Kulturwissenschaften und Sozialwissenschaften beschäftigen sich hauptsächlich mit Form und Logik des Risikos. Das will dieser Band ändern, indem er eine kultur- und medienhistorische Genealogie der Gefahr und ihrer Vorstellungsräume im Verhältnis zum Risiko liefert.Die Entstehung des Risikos und die Geschichte seiner kalkulativen Minimierung im frühneuzeitlichen Versicherungswesen sind gut erforscht. Aber wie steht es um die scheinbar existenzielle „Gefahr“? Sie gerät erst viel später, mit einem verhältnismäßig winzigen Kapitel in Clausewitzʼ posthumen Riesenwerk Vom Kriege (1832–1834), in den Fokus. Clausewitz erkennt, dass die Gefahr immer auch ein Wahrnehmungsproblem ist, ein ästhetisches Konstrukt, das angewiesen ist auf ein Bewusstsein für die technische Vermittlung der Eindrücke. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7705-6425-5 PB - Fink CY - Paderborn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Girnus, Luisa T1 - Anforderungen an politische Legitimation im gesellschaftlichen Wandel und dessen Verhältnis zum politischen Lernen JF - Gesellschaft im Wandel : neue Aufgaben für die politische Bildung und ihre Didaktik Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7344-0827-4 SP - 77 EP - 85 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Wolf, Margarita A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Werte, Wertebildung und ihre interdisziplinäre Deutung JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 285 EP - 307 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Werte und Wertebildung in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 239 EP - 264 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - Wertebilung in der Schule JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 79 EP - 96 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Werte und Wertebildung - einleitende Bemerkungen und empirischer Kontext JF - Werte und Wertebildung aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-21975-8 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teichert, Conrad A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Schulqualität und Schulschwänzen JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 259 EP - 295 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Jana A1 - Büttner, Mareike A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Rechtsextremismus und Ausländerfeindlichkeit JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 223 EP - 258 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - 1989 in Deutschland BT - Schauplätze der Friedlichen Revolution N2 - Kaum ein Ereignis in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts war so bedeutsam wie die Friedliche Revolution von 1989, mit der die Bevölkerung der DDR sich vom SED - Regime befreite. Dieses Buch nimmt die Leserinnen und Leser mit zu den zentralen Schauplätzen der Protestbewegung in Deutschland – in Leipzig, Berlin, Dresden, Chemnitz, Plauen, Rostock, Potsdam, Stendal und an vielen anderen Orten. Informative Texte zu den Hintergründen der Ereignisse und umfangreiches Bildmaterial machen das Buch zu einem anschaulichen Zeitreiseführer in die jüngere deutsche Geschichte. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-89809-158-9 PB - bebra CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pommerening, Markus A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Jugendgewalt und Reaktionen des sozialen Umfelds T2 - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 183 EP - 222 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Julia A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Risikoverhalten und Delinquenz JF - Wandel der Jugend in Brandenburg : Lebenslage · Werte · Teilhabe Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-23709-7 SP - 149 EP - 182 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER -