TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Eddie A1 - Lang, Felix A1 - Arneth, Sabrina T1 - Eskalation in Tweets BT - die Rolle sozialer Medien JF - Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-7425-1043-3 VL - 11043 SP - 108 EP - 118 PB - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melchert, Jan Olaf A1 - Wischhöfer, Philipp A1 - Knoblauch, Christian A1 - Eckhardt, Tim A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Rethemeyer, Janet T1 - Sources of CO2 Produced in Freshly Thawed Pleistocene-Age Yedoma Permafrost JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - The release of greenhouse gases from the large organic carbon stock in permafrost deposits in the circumarctic regions may accelerate global warming upon thaw. The extent of this positive climate feedback is thought to be largely controlled by the microbial degradability of the organic matter preserved in these sediments. In addition, weathering and oxidation processes may release inorganic carbon preserved in permafrost sediments as CO2, which is generally not accounted for. We used C-13 and C-14 analysis and isotopic mass balances to differentiate and quantify organic and inorganic carbon released as CO2 in the field from an active retrogressive thaw slump of Pleistocene-age Yedoma and during a 1.5-years incubation experiment. The results reveal that the dominant source of the CO2 released from freshly thawed Yedoma exposed as thaw mound is Pleistocene-age organic matter (48-80%) and to a lesser extent modern organic substrate (3-34%). A significant portion of the CO2 originated from inorganic carbon in the Yedoma (17-26%). The mixing of young, active layer material with Yedoma at a site on the slump floor led to the preferential mineralization of this young organic carbon source. Admixtures of younger organic substrates in the Yedoma thaw mound were small and thus rapidly consumed as shown by lower contributions to the CO2 produced during few weeks of aerobic incubation at 4 degrees C corresponding to approximately one thaw season. Future CO2 fluxes from the freshly thawed Yedoma will contain higher proportions of ancient inorganic (22%) and organic carbon (61-78%) as suggested by the results at the end, after 1.5 years of incubation. The increasing contribution of inorganic carbon during the incubation is favored by the accumulation of organic acids from microbial organic matter degradation resulting in lower pH values and, in consequence, in inorganic carbon dissolution. Because part of the inorganic carbon pool is assumed to be of pedogenic origin, these emissions would ultimately not alter carbon budgets. The results of this study highlight the preferential degradation of younger organic substrates in freshly thawed Yedoma, if available, and a substantial release of CO2 from inorganic sources. KW - yedoma ice complex KW - permafost KW - carbon cycle KW - climat change KW - thermokarst KW - radiocarbon KW - greenhouse gas Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.737237 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cruces-Zabala, José Alejandro A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Weckmann, Ute A1 - Tietze, Kristina A1 - Meqbel, Naser M. A1 - Audemard, Franck A1 - Schmitz, Michael T1 - Three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging of the Merida Andes, Venezuela JF - Journal of South American earth sciences N2 - The 100 km wide Merida Andes extend from the Colombian/Venezuelan border to the Coastal Cordillera. The mountain chain and its associated major strike-slip fault systems in western Venezuela formed due to oblique convergence of the Caribbean with the South American Plates and the north-eastwards expulsion of the North Andean Block. Due to the limited knowledge of lithospheric structures related to the formation of the Merida Andes research projects have been developed to illuminate this zone with deep geophysical data. In this study, we present three-dimensional inversion of broadband magnetotelluric data, collected along a 240 km long profile crossing the Merida Andes and the Maracaibo and Barinas-Apure foreland basins. The distribution of the stations limits resolution of the model to off-profile features. Combining 3D inversion of synthetic data sets derived from 3D modelling with 3D inversion of measured data, we could derive a 10 to 15 km wide corridor with good lateral resolution to develop hypotheses about the origin of deep-reaching anomalies of high electrical conductivity. The Merida Andes appear generally as electrically resistive structures, separated by anomalies associated with the most important fault systems of the region, the Bocono and Valera faults. Sensitivity tests suggest that the Valera Fault reaches to depths of up to 12 km and the Bocono Fault to more than 35 km depth. Both structures are connected to a sizeable conductor located east of the profile at 12-15 km depth. We propose that the high conductivity associated with this off-profile conductor may be related to the detachment of the Trujillo Block. We also identified a conductive zone that correlates spatially with the location of a gravity low, possibly representing a SE tilt of the Maracaibo Triangular Block under the mountain chain to great depths (>30 km). The relevance of these tectonic blocks in our models at crustal depths seems to be consistent with proposed theories that describe the geodynamics of western Venezuela as dominated by floating blocks or orogens. Our results stress the importance of the Trujillo Block for the current tectonic evolution of western Venezuela and confirm the relevance of the Bocono Fault carrying deformation to the lower crust and upper mantle. The Barinas-Apure and the Maracaibo sedimentary basins are imaged as electrically conductive with depths of 4 to 5 km and 5 to 10 km, respectively. The Barinas-Apure basin is imaged as a simple 1D structure, in contrast to the Maracaibo Basin, where a series of conductive and resistive bodies could be related to active deformation causing the juxtaposition of older geological formations and younger basin sediments. KW - Magnetotellurics KW - Merida Andes KW - Geodynamics KW - Trujillo Block KW - Chain structure KW - Strike-slip faults KW - Bocono Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103711 SN - 0895-9811 SN - 1873-0647 VL - 114 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreymann, Nico A1 - Wuensche, Julia A1 - Sabrowski, Wiebke A1 - Moeller, Anja A1 - Czepluch, Denise A1 - Vu Van, Dana A1 - Füssel, Susanne A1 - Menger, Marcus M. T1 - Inhibition of Human Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Enzyme Activity and Receptor Binding by DNA Aptamers as Potential Therapeutics through Binding to the Different Forms of uPA JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is widely discussed as a marker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis and as a target for cancer therapies. Together with its receptor, uPA plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. In the present study, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select single-stranded DNA aptamers targeting different forms of human uPA. Selected aptamers allowed the distinction between HMW-uPA and LMW-uPA, and therefore, presumably, have different binding regions. Here, uPAapt-02-FR showed highly affine binding with a K-D of 0.7 nM for HMW-uPA and 21 nM for LMW-uPA and was also able to bind to pro-uPA with a K-D of 14 nM. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity to mouse uPA or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was measured, demonstrating high specificity. Suppression of the catalytic activity of uPA and inhibition of uPAR-binding could be demonstrated through binding with different aptamers and several of their truncated variants. Since RNA aptamers are already known to inhibit uPA-uPAR binding and other pathological functions of the uPA system, these aptamers represent a novel, promising tool not only for detection of uPA but also for interfering with the pathological functions of the uPA system by additionally inhibiting uPA activity. KW - biomarker KW - cancer KW - cancer therapy KW - DNA aptamer KW - microscale thermophoresis (MST) KW - SELEX KW - surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) KW - uPA KW - uPAR KW - urokinase Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094890 SN - 1661-6596 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schachner, Maja A1 - Aral, Tuğçe A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Kunyu, David Khisoni A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hanna T1 - Effects of a brief self-affirmation writing intervention among 7(th) graders in Germany BT - testing for variations by heritage group, discrimination experiences and classroom diversity climate JF - Social psychology of education : an international journal N2 - We tested whether a brief self-affirmation writing intervention protected against identity-threats (i.e., stereotyping and discrimination) for adolescents' school-related adjustment. The longitudinal study followed 639 adolescents in Germany (65% of immigrant descent, 50% female, M-age = 12.35 years, SDage = .69) from 7(th) grade (pre-intervention at T1, five to six months post-intervention at T2) to the end of 8(th) grade (one-year follow-up at T3). We tested for direct and moderated (by heritage group, discrimination, classroom cultural diversity climate) effects using regression and latent change models. The self-affirmation intervention did not promote grades or math competence. However, in the short-term and for adolescents of immigrant descent, the intervention prevented a downward trajectory in mastery reactions to academic challenges for those experiencing greater discrimination. Further, it protected against a decline in behavioral school engagement for those in positive classroom cultural diversity climates. In the long-term and for all adolescents, the intervention lessened an upward trajectory in disruptive behavior. Overall, the self-affirmation intervention benefited some aspects of school-related adjustment for adolescents of immigrant and non-immigrant descent. The intervention context is important, with classroom cultural diversity climate acting as a psychological affordance enhancing affirmation effects. Our study supports the ongoing call for theorizing and empirically testing student and context heterogeneity to better understand for whom and under which conditions this intervention may work. KW - Brief self-affirmation writing intervention KW - Adolescents of immigrant KW - descent KW - School-related adjustment KW - Classroom cultural diversity KW - climate KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09789-9 SN - 1381-2890 SN - 1573-1928 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Valenzuela-Malebran, Carla A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Lopez-Comino, José Ángel A1 - Zeckra, Martin A1 - Krüger, F. A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Source mechanisms and rupture processes of the Jujuy seismic nest, Chile-Argentina border JF - Journal of South American earth sciences N2 - The Altiplano-Puna plateau, in Central Andes, is the second-largest continental plateau on Earth, extending between 22 degrees and 27 degrees S at an average altitude of 4400 m. The Puna plateau has been formed in consequence of the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American plate, which has an average crustal thickness of 50 km at this location. A large seismicity cluster, the Jujuy cluster, is observed at depth of 150-250 km beneath the central region of the Puna plateau. The cluster is seismically very active, with hundreds of earthquakes reported and a peak magnitude MW 6.6 on 25th August 2006. The cluster is situated in one of three band of intermediate-depth focus seismicity, which extend parallel to the trench roughly North to South. It has been hypothesized that the Jujuy cluster could be a seismic nest, a compact seismogenic region characterized by a high stationary activity relative to its surroundings. In this study, we collected more than 40 years of data from different catalogs and proof that the cluster meets the three conditions of a seismic nest. Compared to other known intermediate depth nests at Hindu Kush (Afganisthan) or Bucaramanga (Colombia), the Jujuy nest presents an outstanding seismicity rate, with more than 100 M4+ earthquakes per year. We additionally performed a detailed analysis of the rupture process of some of the largest earthquakes in the nest, by means of moment tensor inversion and directivity analysis. We focused on the time period 2017-2018, where the seismic monitoring was the most extended. Our results show that earthquakes in the nest take place within the eastward subducting oceanic plate, but rupture along sub-horizontal planes dipping westward. We suggest that seismicity at Jujuy nest is controlled by dehydration processes, which are also responsible for the generation of fluids ascending to the crust beneath the Puna volcanic region. We use the rupture plane and nest geometry to provide a constraint to maximal expected magnitude, which we estimate as MW -6.7. KW - Seismic nest KW - Intermediate-deep earthquakes KW - Cluster analysis moment KW - tensor inversion KW - directivity analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103887 SN - 0895-9811 SN - 1873-0647 VL - 117 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carvalho, Thayslan A1 - Brosinsky, Arlena A1 - Foerster, Saskia A1 - Teixeira, Adunias A1 - Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto T1 - Reservoir sediment characterisation by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a semiarid region to support sediment reuse for soil fertilization JF - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation N2 - Purpose: Soil erosion by water yields sediment to surface reservoirs, reducing their storage capacities, changing their geometry, and degrading water quality. Sediment reuse, i.e., fertilization of agricultural soils with the nutrient-enriched sediment from reservoirs, has been proposed as a recovery strategy. However, the sediment needs to meet certain criteria. In this study, we characterize sediments from the densely dammed semiarid Northeast Brazil by VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy and assess the effect of spectral resolution and spatial scale on the accuracy of N, P, K, C, electrical conductivity, and clay prediction models. Methods Sediment was collected in 10 empty reservoirs, and physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as spectral measurements were performed. The spectra, initially measured at 1 nm spectral resolution, were resampled to 5 and 10 nm, and samples were analysed for both high and low spectral resolution at three spatial scales, namely (1) reservoir, (2) catchment, and (3) regional scale. Results Partial least square regressions performed from good to very good in the prediction of clay and electrical conductivity from reservoir (<40 km(2)) to regional (82,500 km(2)) scales. Models for C and N performed satisfactorily at the reservoir scale, but degraded to unsatisfactory at the other scales. Models for P and K were more unstable and performed from unsatisfactorily to satisfactorily at all scales. Coarsening spectral resolution by up to 10 nm only slightly degrades the models' performance, indicating the potential of characterizing sediment from spectral data captured at lower resolutions, such as by hyperspectral satellite sensors. Conclusion: By reducing the costly and time-consuming laboratory analyses, the method helps to promote the sediment reuse as a practice of soil and water conservation. KW - Sediment characterization KW - Spectroscopy KW - Sediment reuse KW - Surface KW - reservoirs KW - Semiarid KW - Brazil Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03281-1 SN - 1439-0108 SN - 1614-7480 VL - 22 SP - 2557 EP - 2577 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Deutschlands Krisenmanagement in der CORONA-Pandemie. BT - Herausforderungen eines föderalen politisch-administrativen Systems JF - Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej JF - Yearbook of European integration KW - CORONA-Krise KW - Deutschland KW - Föderalismus KW - Krisenmanagement KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14746/rie.2020.14.21 SN - 1899-6256 VL - 14 SP - 325 EP - 342 PB - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu CY - Poznań ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puri, Manish A1 - Varde, Aparna S. A1 - Melo, Gerard de T1 - Commonsense based text mining on urban policy JF - Language resources and evaluation N2 - Local laws on urban policy, i.e., ordinances directly affect our daily life in various ways (health, business etc.), yet in practice, for many citizens they remain impervious and complex. This article focuses on an approach to make urban policy more accessible and comprehensible to the general public and to government officials, while also addressing pertinent social media postings. Due to the intricacies of the natural language, ranging from complex legalese in ordinances to informal lingo in tweets, it is practical to harness human judgment here. To this end, we mine ordinances and tweets via reasoning based on commonsense knowledge so as to better account for pragmatics and semantics in the text. Ours is pioneering work in ordinance mining, and thus there is no prior labeled training data available for learning. This gap is filled by commonsense knowledge, a prudent choice in situations involving a lack of adequate training data. The ordinance mining can be beneficial to the public in fathoming policies and to officials in assessing policy effectiveness based on public reactions. This work contributes to smart governance, leveraging transparency in governing processes via public involvement. We focus significantly on ordinances contributing to smart cities, hence an important goal is to assess how well an urban region heads towards a smart city as per its policies mapping with smart city characteristics, and the corresponding public satisfaction. KW - Commonsense reasoning KW - Opinion mining KW - Ordinances KW - Smart cities KW - Social KW - media KW - Text mining Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-022-09584-6 SN - 1574-020X SN - 1574-0218 VL - 57 SP - 733 EP - 763 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen ED - Andersen, Uwe ED - Bogumil, Jörg ED - Marschall, Stefan ED - Woyke, Wichard T1 - Land Brandenburg T2 - Handwörterbuch des politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland N2 - Das über 860 Jahre alte deutsche Land BB liegt im Nordosten Ds zwischen Elbe und Oder. Es umschließt die Bundeshauptstadt BE, die als Einheitsgemeinde zugleich ein eigenes Land bildet. Potsdam als Landeshauptstadt ist mit 176.000 E. die größte Stadt in BB. Mit 29.482 qkm (8,3 % von D) zählt die Mark zu den flächenreichsten Bundesländern. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-23665-6 SN - 978-3-658-23666-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23666-3_72 SP - 518 EP - 525 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borghi, Anna M. A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9 SN - 0340-0727 SN - 1430-2772 VL - 86 SP - 2366 EP - 2369 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryant, Seth A1 - Davies, Evan A1 - Sol, David A1 - Davis, Sandy T1 - The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood JF - Journal of flood risk management N2 - After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the $4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations. KW - Calgary KW - depth-damage functions KW - expected annual damages KW - flood risk KW - model KW - property level protection measures KW - risk analysis KW - risk dynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12811 SN - 1753-318X VL - 15 IS - 3 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Delpero, Manuel A1 - Arends, Danny A1 - Sprechert, Maximilian A1 - Krause, Florian A1 - Kluth, Oliver A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Brockmann, Gudrun A. A1 - Hesse, Deike T1 - Identification of four novel QTL linked to the metabolic syndrome in the Berlin Fat Mouse JF - International journal of obesity / North American Association for the Study of Obesity N2 - Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive. Methods In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 x BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used. Results Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8-100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5-26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9-74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9-21.4 Mb). Conclusions QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00991-3 SN - 0307-0565 SN - 1476-5497 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 307 EP - 315 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - Avenel, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Kai A1 - Hu, Jiege A1 - Yang, Shuai A1 - Xu, Wei A1 - Wang, Zhichao A1 - Zhuang, Peiwen A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Luo, Zhuhua T1 - Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by the marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans 6UPA1 JF - Journal of hazardous materials N2 - Lack of degradability and the accumulation of polymeric wastes increase the risk for the health of the environment. Recently, recycling of polymeric waste materials becomes increasingly important as raw materials for polymer synthesis are in short supply due to the rise in price and supply chain disruptions. As an important polymer, polyurethane (PU) is widely used in modern life, therefore, PU biodegradation is desirable to avoid its accumulation in the environment. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain Cladosporium halotolerans from the deep sea which can grow in mineral medium with a polyester PU (Impranil DLN) as a sole carbon source. Further, we demonstrate that it can degrade up to 80% of Impranil PU after 3 days of incubation at 28 celcius by breaking the carbonyl groups (1732 cm(-1)) and C-N-H bonds (1532 cm(-1) and 1247 cm(-1)) as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed polyols and alkanes as PU degradation intermediates, indicating the hydrolysis of ester and urethane bonds. Esterase and urease activities were detected in 7 days-old cultures with PU as a carbon source. Transcriptome analysis showed a number of extracellular protein genes coding for enzymes such as cutinase, lipase, peroxidase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins A (HsbA) were expressed when cultivated on Impranil PU. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the hydrophobic surface binding protein ChHsbA1 directly interacts with inducible esterases, ChLip1 (lipase) and ChCut1 (cutinase). Further, the KEGG pathway for "fatty acid degradation " was significantly enriched in Impranil PU inducible genes, indicating that the fungus may use the degradation intermediates to generate energy via this pathway. Taken together, our data indicates secretion of both esterase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins by C. halotolerans plays an important role in Impranil PU absorption and subsequent degradation. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into Impranil PU biodegradation by deep sea fungi and provides the basis for future development of biotechnological PU recycling. KW - Impranil PU degradation KW - Lipase KW - Cutinase KW - HsbA KW - Fatty acid degradation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129406 SN - 0304-3894 SN - 1873-3336 VL - 437 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonnet, Philippe A1 - Dong, Xin Luna A1 - Naumann, Felix A1 - Tözün, Pınar T1 - VLDB 2021 BT - Designing a hybrid conference JF - SIGMOD record N2 - The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned. Y1 - 2021 SN - 0163-5808 SN - 1943-5835 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 50 EP - 53 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marot, Medhi A1 - Chevalère, Johann A1 - Spatola, Nicolas T1 - Depressed mood, a better predictor of social-distancing compliance and candidate for intervention compared to working memory capacity JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024017118 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 118 IS - 8 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-Alexe A1 - Sperlich, Eric A1 - Matieta, Valaire Yemene A1 - Kuete, Jenifer Reine Ngnouzouba A1 - Kuete, Victor A1 - Omer, Ejlal A. A. A1 - Efferth, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - Synthesis and bioactivity of isoflavones from ficus carica and some non-natural analogues JF - Journal of natural products : Lloydia N2 - FicucariconeD (1) and its 4 '-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both naturalproducts were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesisin six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key stepsare a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangementsto install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids,non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compoundswere tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistanthuman leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compoundswere also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eightGram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition ofthe efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide(PA beta N) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in mostcases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 mu M and activity improvementfactors as high as 128-fold. KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Bacteria KW - Ethers KW - Flavonoids KW - Mixtures Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00219 SN - 0163-3864 SN - 1520-6025 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - 1520 EP - 1528 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - German local authorities coping with the Covid-19 pandemic BT - capacities and autonomy under stress T2 - L’ administration locale face à la crise sanitaire Y1 - 2021 SN - 9782281134964 SN - 9782281134957 SP - 257 EP - 272 PB - Éditions Le Moniteur CY - Antony ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geiger, Christina A1 - Reitenbach, Julija A1 - Henschel, Cristiane A1 - Kreuzer, Lucas A1 - Widmann, Tobias A1 - Wang, Peixi A1 - Mangiapia, Gaetano A1 - Moulin, Jean-François A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter T1 - Ternary nanoswitches realized with multiresponsive PMMA-b-PNIPMAM films in mixed water/acetone vapor atmospheres JF - Advanced engineering materials N2 - To systematically add functionality to nanoscale polymer switches, an understanding of their responsive behavior is crucial. Herein, solvent vapor stimuli are applied to thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block for realizing ternary nanoswitches. Three significantly distinct film states are successfully implemented by the combination of amphiphilicity and co-nonsolvency effect. The exposure of the thin films to nitrogen, pure water vapor, and mixed water/acetone (90 vol%/10 vol%) vapor switches the films from a dried to a hydrated (solvated and swollen) and a water/acetone-exchanged (solvated and contracted) equilibrium state. These three states have distinctly different film thicknesses and solvent contents, which act as switch positions "off," "on," and "standby." For understanding the switching process, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR) and spectral reflectance (SR) studies of the swelling and dehydration process are complemented by information on the local solvation of functional groups probed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An accelerated responsive behavior beyond a minimum hydration/solvation level is attributed to the fast build-up and depletion of the hydration shell of PNIPMAM, caused by its hydrophobic moieties promoting a cooperative hydration character. KW - co-nonsolvency KW - diblock copolymers KW - nanoswitches KW - neutron reflectometry KW - thin films Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100191 SN - 1438-1656 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 23 IS - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Mönkemöller, Karla A1 - Groppe, Karoline A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction: Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Methods: In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. Results: The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. Discussion: Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age. KW - cardiac perception KW - interoception KW - emotion KW - decision making KW - Iowa gambling task KW - somatic-marker hypothesis KW - childhood development Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franzke, Jochen ED - Nunes Silva, Carlos T1 - German local authorities in the COVID-19 pandemic BT - challenges, impacts and adaptations T2 - Local government and the COVID-19 pandemic N2 - This study evaluates the challenges, institutional impacts and responses of German local authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic from a political science point of view. The main research question is how they have contributed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to what extent the strengths and weaknesses of the German model of municipal autonomy have influenced their policy. It analyses the adaptation strategies of German local authorities and assesses the effectiveness of their actions up to now. Their implementation is then evaluated in five selected issues, e.g. adjustment organization and staff, challenges for local finances, local politics and citizen’s participation. This analysis is reflecting the scientific debate in Germany since the beginning of 2020, based on the available analyses of political science, law, economics, sociology and geography until end of March 2021. KW - Germany KW - municipalities KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - resilience KW - coordination KW - administration KW - local and urban governance KW - local politics KW - local finance KW - local community Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-91111-9 SN - 978-3-030-91112-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91112-6_6 SP - 131 EP - 154 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - Weathering the storm? BT - the third wave of autocratization and international organization membership T2 - IGCC series on authoritarian regimes and international organizations N2 - Democratization scholars are currently debating if we are indeed witnessing a third wave of autocratization. While this has led to an extensive debate about the future of the liberal international order, we still know relatively little about the consequences of autocratization for international organizations (IOs). In this article, we explore to what extent autocratization has led to changes in the composition of IO membership. We propose three different ways of conceptualizing autocratization of IO membership. We argue that we should move away from a dichotomous understanding of regime type and regime change, but rather focus on composition of subregime types to understand current developments. We build on updated membership data for 73 IOs through 2020 to map membership configurations based on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index. Contrary to current debates on the crisis of the liberal order, we find that many IOs are not (yet) affected by broad autocratization of their membership that would endanger democratic majorities or overall democratic densities. However, we also observe the disappearance of formerly homogenous democratic clubs due to democratic backsliding in a number of European and Latin American IO member states, as well as a return of autocratic clubs in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These findings have important implications for the broader research agenda on international democracy promotion and human right protection as well as the study of legitimacy and the effectiveness of international organizations. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ucigcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Debre-Sommerer-Working-Paper-11.21.23.pdf PB - UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation CY - La Jolla, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haile, Sarah R. A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Stocker, Julien A1 - Radtke, Thomas A1 - Kriemler, Susi T1 - Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth BT - a cross-sectional study JF - BMJ open N2 - Objectives: It is essential to have simple, reliable and valid tests to measure children's functional capacity in schools or medical practice. The 1-minute sit-to-stand (STS) test is a quick fitness test requiring little equipment or space that is increasingly used in both healthy populations and those with chronic disease. We aimed to provide age-specific and sex-specific reference values of STS test in healthy children and adolescents and to evaluate its short-term reliability and construct validity. Design setting and participants: Cross-sectional convenience sample from six public schools and one science fair in central Europe. Overall, 587 healthy participants aged 5-16 years were recruited and divided into age groups of 3 years each. Outcomes: 1-minute STS. To evaluate short-term reliability, some children performed the STS test twice. To evaluate construct validity, some children also performed a standing long jump (SLJ) and a maximal incremental exercise test. Results: Data from 547 youth aged 5-16 years were finally included in the analyses. The median number of repetitions in 1 min in males (females) ranged from 55 [95% CI: 38 to 72] (53 [95% CI: 35 to 76]) in 14-16-year olds to 59 [95% CI: 41 to 77] (60 [95% CI: 38 to 77]) in 8-10-year olds. Children who repeated STS showed a learning effect of on average 4.8 repetitions more than the first test (95% limits of agreement: -6.7 to 16.4). Moderate correlations were observed between the STS and the SLJ (r=0.48) tests and the maximal exercise test (r=0.43). Conclusions: The reported STS reference values can be used to interpret STS test performance in children and adolescents. The STS appears to have good test- retest reliability, but a learning effect of about 10%. The association of STS with other measures of physical fitness should be further explored in a larger study and technical standards for its conduct are needed. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049143 SN - 2044-6055 VL - 11 IS - 5 PB - BMJ Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Satish A1 - Guntu, Ravi Kumar A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Villuri, Vasant Govind Kumar A1 - Pasupuleti, Srinivas A1 - Kaushal, Deo Raj A1 - Gosian, Ashwin Kumar A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Multi-objective optimization for stormwater management by green-roofs and infiltration trenches to reduce urban flooding in central Delhi JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - Urban surface runoff management via best management practices (BMP) and low impact development (LID) has earned significant recognition owing to positive environmental and ecological impacts. However, due to the complexity of the parameters involved, the estimation of LID efficiency in attenuating the urban surface runoff at the watershed scale is challenging. A planning analysis of employing Green Roofs and Infiltration Trenches as BMPs/LIDs practices for urban surface runoff control is presented in this study. A multi-objective optimization decision-making framework is established by coupling SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) with NSGA-II models to check the performance of BMPs/LIDs concerning the cost-benefit analysis of LID at the watershed scale. Two urbanized areas belonging to Central Delhi in India were used as case studies. The results showed that the SWMM model is useful in simulating optimization problems for managing urban surface runoff. The optimum scenarios efficiently minimized the urban runoff volume while maintaining the BMPs/LIDs implementation costs and size. With BMPs/LIDs implementation, the reduction in runoff volume increases as expenses increase initially; however, there is no noticeable reduction in flood volume after a certain threshold. Contrasted with the haphazard arrangement of BMPs/LIDs, the proposed approach demonstrates 22%-24% runoff reductions for the same expenditures in watershed 1 and 23%-26% in watershed 2. The result of the study provides insights into planning and management of the urban surface runoff control with LID practices. The proposed framework assists the hydrologists in optimum selection and placements of BMPs/LIDs practices to acquire the most extreme ecological advantages with the least expenses. KW - Storm water management model KW - Genetic algorithm KW - NSGA-II KW - Best management practice KW - Low impact development KW - Cost-benefit Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127455 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 606 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Marle, Allard Jan A1 - Bohdan, Artem A1 - Morris, Paul J. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Marcowith, Alexandre T1 - Diffusive shock acceleration at oblique high mach number shocks JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - The current paradigm of cosmic-ray (CR) origin states that the greater part of galactic CRs is produced by supernova remnants. The interaction of supernova ejecta with the interstellar medium after a supernova's explosions results in shocks responsible for CR acceleration via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We use particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a combined PIC-magnetohydrodynamic (PIC-MHD) technique to investigate whether DSA can occur in oblique high Mach number shocks. Using the PIC method, we follow the formation of the shock and determine the fraction of the particles that gets involved in DSA. With this result, we use PIC-MHD simulations to model the large-scale structure of the plasma and the magnetic field surrounding the shock and find out whether or not the reflected particles can generate upstream turbulence and trigger DSA. We find that the feasibility of this process in oblique shocks depends strongly on the Alfvenic Mach number, and the DSA process is more likely to be triggered at high Mach number shocks. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5962 SN - 1538-4357 VL - 929 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. A1 - Allison, Hayley J. A1 - Wang, Dedong A1 - Drozdov, Alexander A1 - Szabo-Roberts, Matyas A1 - Zhelavskaya, Irina A1 - Vasile, Ruggero T1 - A new population of ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer radiation zone JF - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics N2 - Van Allen Probes measurements revealed the presence of the most unusual structures in the ultra-relativistic radiation belts. Detailed modeling, analysis of pitch angle distributions, analysis of the difference between relativistic and ultra-realistic electron evolution, along with theoretical studies of the scattering and wave growth, all indicate that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can produce a very efficient loss of the ultra-relativistic electrons in the heart of the radiation belts. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the profiles of phase space densities provides direct evidence for localized loss by EMIC waves. The evolution of multi-MeV fluxes shows dramatic and very sudden enhancements of electrons for selected storms. Analysis of phase space density profiles reveals that growing peaks at different values of the first invariant are formed at approximately the same radial distance from the Earth and show the sequential formation of the peaks from lower to higher energies, indicating that local energy diffusion is the dominant source of the acceleration from MeV to multi-MeV energies. Further simultaneous analysis of the background density and ultra-relativistic electron fluxes shows that the acceleration to multi-MeV energies only occurs when plasma density is significantly depleted outside of the plasmasphere, which is consistent with the modeling of acceleration due to chorus waves. KW - radiation belts KW - ultra-relativistic electrons KW - EMIC waves KW - modeling; KW - plasma density KW - chorus waves Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030214 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 127 IS - 5 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raffeiner, Margot A1 - Üstün, Suayib A1 - Guerra, Tiziana A1 - Spinti, Daniela A1 - Fitzner, Maria A1 - Sonnewald, Sophia A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Börnke, Frederik T1 - The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum) JF - The plant cell N2 - As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac032 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 1684 EP - 1708 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Cary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Geschwindigkeitsüberschreitung bei privater Rettungsfahrt BT - Bemerkungen anlässlich der Entscheidung des OLG Düsseldorf vom 8.3.2021 - 2 RBs 13/21 (NStZ 2021, 616) JF - Deutsches Autorecht N2 - Die Übertretung von bußgeldbewehrten Verkehrsregeln bei Fahrten, die der Abwehr einer Gefahr – z. B. der Verbringung einer schwer verletzten oder erkrankten Person in eine Klinik – dienen, ist ein alltäglicher Vorgang. Polizei, Feuerwehr, Notarzt und andere institutionelle Retter sind von der Einhaltung der Regeln gemäß § STVO § 35 StVO dispensiert und begehen keine Ordnungswidrigkeiten. Privatpersonen haben diese Sonderrechte nicht und entgehen der Ahndbarkeit nur unter den Voraussetzungen eines Rechtfertigungs- oder Vorwerfbarkeitsausschlussgrundes. Vor allem der rechtfertigende Notstand (§ OWIG § 16 OWiG) hat große praktische Bedeutung. Diese Norm steht im Mittelpunkt der Entscheidung des OLG Düsseldorf. Der zugrundeliegende Fall wirft aber noch weitere interessante Rechtsfragen auf. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-DAR-B-2022-S-115-N-1 SN - 0012-1231 VL - 92 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 117 PB - Juristische Zentrale des ADAC e.V. CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Newman, Abraham A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Naylor, Tristen A1 - Regilme, Salvador Santino Fulo Regilme Jr. A1 - Viola, Lora Anne ED - Labrosse, Diane ED - Szarejko, Andrew ED - Fujii, George T1 - Lora Anne Viola. The closure of the international system: how institutions create political equalities and hierarchies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. ISBN: 9781108482257 (hardback, $99.99). JF - H-Diplo roundtable Y1 - 2022 UR - https://hdiplo.org/to/RT23-49 VL - XXIII IS - 49 PB - H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online CY - East Lansing, MI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Landis, D. A. A1 - Saikin, Anthony A1 - Zhelavskaya, Irina A1 - Drozdov, Alexander A1 - Aseev, Nikita A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. A1 - Pfitzer, Maximilian F. A1 - Smirnov, Artem G. T1 - NARX Neural Network Derivations of the Outer Boundary Radiation Belt Electron Flux JF - Space Weather: the international journal of research and applications N2 - We present two new empirical models of radiation belt electron flux at geostationary orbit. GOES-15 measurements of 0.8 MeV electrons were used to train a Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous input (NARX) neural network for both modeling GOES-15 flux values and an upper boundary condition scaling factor (BF). The GOES-15 flux model utilizes an input and feedback delay of 2 and 2 time steps (i.e., 5 min time steps) with the most efficient number of hidden layers set to 10. Magnetic local time, Dst, Kp, solar wind dynamic pressure, AE, and solar wind velocity were found to perform as predicative indicators of GOES-15 flux and therefore were used as the exogenous inputs. The NARX-derived upper boundary condition scaling factor was used in conjunction with the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code to produce reconstructions of the radiation belts during the period of July-November 1990, independent of in-situ observations. Here, Kp was chosen as the sole exogenous input to be more compatible with the VERB code. This Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite-era reconstruction showcases the potential to use these neural network-derived boundary conditions as a method of hindcasting the historical radiation belts. This study serves as a companion paper to another recently published study on reconstructing the radiation belts during Solar Cycles 17-24 (Saikin et al., 2021, ), for which the results featured in this paper were used. KW - radiation belts KW - forecasting (1922, 4315, 7924, 7964) KW - machine learning (0555) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002774 SN - 1542-7390 VL - 20 IS - 5 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lescesen, Igor A1 - Sraj, Mojca A1 - Basarin, Biljana A1 - Pavic, Dragoslav A1 - Mesaros, Minucer A1 - Mudelsee, Manfred T1 - Regional flood frequency analysis of the sava river in south-eastern Europe JF - Sustainability N2 - Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is a powerful method for interrogating hydrological series since it combines observational time series from several sites within a region to estimate risk-relevant statistical parameters with higher accuracy than from single-site series. Since RFFA extreme value estimates depend on the shape of the selected distribution of the data-generating stochastic process, there is need for a suitable goodness-of-distributional-fit measure in order to optimally utilize given data. Here we present a novel, least-squares-based measure to select the optimal fit from a set of five distributions, namely Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic, Gumbel, Log-Normal Type III and Log-Pearson Type III. The fit metric is applied to annual maximum discharge series from six hydrological stations along the Sava River in South-eastern Europe, spanning the years 1961 to 2020. Results reveal that (1) the Sava River basin can be assessed as hydrologically homogeneous and (2) the GEV distribution provides typically the best fit. We offer hydrological-meteorological insights into the differences among the six stations. For the period studied, almost all stations exhibit statistically insignificant trends, which renders the conclusions about flood risk as relevant for hydrological sciences and the design of regional flood protection infrastructure. KW - discharge time series KW - flood risk analysis KW - Generalized Extreme Value distribution KW - L-moments estimation KW - regional flood frequency analysis KW - Sava River Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159282 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 14 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramachandran, Srikanthan A1 - Rupakheti, Maheswar A1 - Cherian, R. A1 - Lawrence, Mark T1 - Climate Benefits of Cleaner Energy Transitions in East and South Asia Through Black Carbon Reduction JF - Frontiers in environmental science N2 - The state of air pollution has historically been tightly linked to how we produce and use energy. Air pollutant emissions over Asia are now changing rapidly due to cleaner energy transitions; however, magnitudes of benefits for climate and air quality remain poorly quantified. The associated risks involve adverse health impacts, reduced agricultural yields, reduced freshwater availability, contributions to climate change, and economic costs. We focus particularly on climate benefits of energy transitions by making first-time use of two decades of high quality observations of atmospheric loading of light-absorbing black carbon (BC) over Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia) and relating these observations to changing energy, emissions, and economic trends in India and China. Our analysis reveals that absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) due to BC has decreased substantially, by 40% over Kanpur and 60% over Beijing between 2001 and 2017, and thus became decoupled from regional economic growth. Furthermore, the resultant decrease in BC emissions and BC AAOD over Asia is regionally coherent and occurs primarily due to transitions into cleaner energies (both renewables and fossil fuels) and not due to the decrease in primary energy supply or decrease in use of fossil use and biofuels and waste. Model simulations show that BC aerosols alone contribute about half of the surface temperature change (warming) of the total forcing due to greenhouse gases, natural and internal variability, and aerosols, thus clearly revealing the climate benefits due to a reduction in BC emissions, which would significantly reduce global warming. However, this modeling study excludes responses from natural variability, circulation, and sea ice responses, which cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may mask signals from BC aerosols. Our findings show additional benefits for climate (beyond benefits of CO2 reduction) and for several other issues of sustainability over South and East Asia, provide motivation for ongoing cleaner energy production, and consumption transitions, especially when they are associated with reduced emissions of air pollutants. Such an analysis connecting the trends in energy transitions and aerosol absorption loading, unavailable so far, is crucial for simulating the aerosol climate impacts over Asia which is quite uncertain. KW - cleaner energy transitions KW - Asia KW - air pollution KW - black carbon KW - climate benefits Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842319 SN - 2296-665X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Weyland, Michael T1 - Enhancing higher entrepreneurship education: insights from practitioners for curriculum improvement JF - The International journal of Management Education N2 - Curricula for higher entrepreneurship education should meet the requirements of both a solid theoretical foundation and a practical orientation. When these curricula are designed by education specialists, entrepreneurs are usually not consulted. To explore practitioners’ curricular recommendations, we conducted 73 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs with at least five years of professional experience. We collected 49 items for teaching and learning objectives, 37 for contents, 28 for teaching methods, and 17 for assessment methods. The respondents are convinced that students should acquire solid knowledge in business and management, legal issues, and entrepreneurship. For the latter, only some core aspects are provided. The entrepreneurs put greater emphasis on entrepreneurial skills and attitudes and consider experiential learning designs as most suitable, both in the secure setting of the classroom and in real life. The findings can help reflect on current entrepreneurship curriculum designs. KW - curriculum design KW - curriculum development KW - entrepreneurship education Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100981 SN - 1472-8117 SN - 2352-3565 VL - 22 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - BOOK ED - Girnus, Luisa ED - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine ED - Partetzke, Marc T1 - Schnittpunkt Politische Bildung T3 - Politische Bildung Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-40121-4 SN - 978-3-658-40122-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40122-1 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Girnus, Luisa A1 - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine A1 - Partetzke, Marc ED - Girnus, Luisa ED - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine ED - Partetzke, Marc T1 - Politische Bildung in Kontakt T2 - Schnittpunkt Politische Bildung N2 - „Die Gefahr eines Blackouts ist gegeben“ gab der Vorsitzende des Deutschen Städte- und Gemeindebundes (DStGB), Gerd Landsberg, am 15. September 2022 in einem Interview mit der Welt am Sonntag bekannt. Diese Diagnose – hier bezogen auf mögliche Engpässe in der Energieversorgung im Winter 2022/23, die durch den kriegerischen Angriff Russlands auf die Ukraine zu drohen scheinen – reiht sich einer weiteren Perle gleich in die lange Kette unzähliger Krisendiagnosen der letzten Dekade ein, angesichts derer sich zunehmend der Eindruck einstellen muss, die Krise sei so etwas wie der neue Normalzustand. So ist seit etwas mehr als zehn Jahren die Klimakrise in aller Munde, die letzten drei Jahre wurden von der Corona-Krise dominiert, eine Energiekrise steht möglicherweise unmittelbar bevor. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-40121-4 SN - 978-3-658-40122-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40122-1_1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Girnus, Luisa ED - Deichmann, Carl ED - Partetzke, Marc T1 - Offen für Gründe – Welcher demokratische Anspruch ist an politische Urteile zu stellen? T2 - Demokratie im Stresstest N2 - Demokratie und politische Bildung stehen in einem sich zugewandten Verhältnis. Doch folgt daraus, dass politische Urteile stets demokratisch sein müssen? Der Beitrag diskutiert diese Frage vor dem Hintergrund der derzeitigen Debatte um antidemokratische Bewegungen in der Gesellschaft, der Rolle politischer Bildung als Förderin von Demokratie und der individuellen Herausforderung für Lehrpersonen in der Unterrichtspraxis. KW - politische Urteilsbildung KW - Emanzipation KW - Demokratieförderung KW - Lehrkompetenz Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-33076-7 SN - 978-3-658-33077-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33077-4_9 SP - 147 EP - 163 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Girnus, Luisa ED - Vetter, Eva ED - Lange, Dirk ED - Wegner, Anke T1 - Europabildung als Dialog über politische Werte T2 - Europa denken, kommunizieren und erfahren Y1 - 2021 UR - https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/book/10.46499/9783734412790 SN - 978-3-7344-1278-3 SN - 978-3-7344-1279-0 SP - 34 EP - 54 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt/M. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Girnus, Luisa ED - Weißeno, Georg ED - Ziegler, Béatrice T1 - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse T2 - Handbuch Geschichts- und Politikdidaktik N2 - Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse dient als Auswertungsinstrument für Textmaterial, kann aber auch für die Analyse von Ton- und Bildmaterial genutzt werden. Anders als die quantitative Inhaltsanalyse zielt sie darauf ab, dem Material auch Informationen zu entnehmen, auf die ausschließlich interpretativ geschlossen werden kann. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse knüpft an die hermeneutische Tradition des Verstehens an. Der Verstehensprozess wird jedoch in einen vordefinierten, theorie- und regelgeleiteten Forschungsablauf gebettet, um dem wissenschaftlichen Anspruch an Systematik und Intersubjektivität nachzukommen. KW - Auswertung KW - qualitative Daten KW - Kategorienbildung KW - computerunterstütze Datenanalyse KW - Inhaltsanalyse Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-29673-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29673-5_28-1 N1 - Teil eines "Living reference work entry" SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marwan, Norbert T1 - Challenges and perspectives in recurrence analyses of event time series JF - Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics N2 - The analysis of event time series is in general challenging. Most time series analysis tools are limited for the analysis of this kind of data. Recurrence analysis, a powerful concept from nonlinear time series analysis, provides several opportunities to work with event data and even for the most challenging task of comparing event time series with continuous time series. Here, the basic concept is introduced, the challenges are discussed, and the future perspectives are summarized. KW - event time series KW - extreme events KW - recurrence analysis KW - edit distance KW - synchronization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1129105 SN - 2297-4687 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiebeler, Christian A1 - Vollbrecht, Joachim A1 - Neuba, Adam A1 - Kitzerow, Heinz A1 - Schumacher, Stefan T1 - Unraveling the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of neutral and negatively charged perylene tetraethylesters JF - Scientific reports N2 - A detailed investigation of the energy levels of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraethylester as a representative compound for the whole family of perylene esters was performed. It was revealed via electrochemical measurements that one oxidation and two reductions take place. The bandgaps determined via the electrochemical approach are in good agreement with the optical bandgap obtained from the absorption spectra via a Tauc plot. In addition, absorption spectra in dependence of the electrochemical potential were the basis for extensive quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic molecules. For this purpose, calculations based on density functional theory were compared with post-Hartree-Fock methods and the CAM-B3LYP functional proved to be the most reliable choice for the calculation of absorption spectra. Furthermore, spectral features found experimentally could be reproduced with vibronic calculations and allowed to understand their origins. In particular, the two lowest energy absorption bands of the anion are not caused by absorption of two distinct electronic states, which might have been expected from vertical excitation calculations, but both states exhibit a strong vibronic progression resulting in contributions to both bands. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95551-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brennecke, Julia A1 - Coutinho, James A. A1 - Gilding, Michael A1 - Lusher, Dean A1 - Schaffer, Graham T1 - Invisible iterations: how formal and informal organization shape knowledge networks for coordination JF - Journal of management studies N2 - This study takes a network approach to investigate coordination among knowledge workers as grounded in both formal and informal organization. We first derive hypotheses regarding patterns of knowledge-sharing relationships by which workers pass on and exchange tacit and codified knowledge within and across organizational hierarchies to address the challenges that underpin contemporary knowledge work. We use survey data and apply exponential random graph models to test our hypotheses. We then extend the quantitative network analysis with insights from qualitative interviews and demonstrate that the identified knowledge-sharing patterns are the micro-foundational traces of collective coordination resulting from two underlying coordination mechanisms which we label ‘invisible iterations’ and ‘bringing in the big guns’. These mechanisms and, by extension, the associated knowledge-sharing patterns enable knowledge workers to perform in a setting that is characterized by complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Our research contributes to theory on the interplay between formal and informal organization for coordination by showing how self-directed, informal action is supported by the formal organizational hierarchy. In doing so, it also extends understanding of the role that hierarchy plays for knowledge-intensive work. Finally, it establishes the collective need to coordinate work as a previously overlooked driver of knowledge network relationships and network patterns. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies published by Society for the Advancement of Management Studies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. KW - coordination KW - hierarchy KW - informal organization KW - knowledge sharing KW - multiplexity KW - social network Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13076 SN - 0022-2380 SN - 1467-6486 SP - 1 EP - 42 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sidoli, Lara A1 - Sguera, Vito A1 - Esposito, Paolo A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Polletta, Maria del Carmen T1 - XMM-Newton discovery of very high obscuration in the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient AX J1714.1-3912 JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We have analysed an archival XMM-Newton EPIC observation that serendipitously covered the sky position of a variable X-ray source AX J1714.1-3912, previously suggested to be a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT). During the XMM-Newton observation the source is variable on a timescale of hundred seconds and shows two luminosity states, with a flaring activity followed by unflared emission, with a variability amplitude of a factor of about 50. We have discovered an intense iron emission line with a centroid energy of 6.4 keV in the power law-like spectrum, modified by a large absorption (N-H similar to 10(24) cm(-2)), never observed before from this source. This X-ray spectrum is unusual for an SFXT, but resembles the so-called 'highly obscured sources', high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) hosting an evolved B[e] supergiant companion (sgB[e]). This might suggest that AX J1714.1-3912 is a new member of this rare type of HMXBs, which includes IGR J16318-4848 and CI Camelopardalis. Increasing this small population of sources would be remarkable, as they represent an interesting short transition evolutionary stage in the evolution of massive binaries. Nevertheless, AX J1714.1-3912 appears to share X-ray properties of both kinds of HMXBs (SFXT versus sgB[e] HMXB). Therefore, further investigations of the companion star are needed to disentangle the two hypothesis. KW - X-rays: binaries KW - X-rays: individual: AX J1714.1-3912 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac691 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 512 IS - 2 SP - 2929 EP - 2935 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hannigan, Sara A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Krull, Marcos T1 - Effects of temperature on the movement and feeding behaviour of the large lupine beetle, Sitona gressorius JF - Journal of pest science N2 - Even though the effects of insect pests on global agricultural productivity are well recognised, little is known about movement and dispersal of many species, especially in the context of global warming. This work evaluates how temperature and light conditions affect different movement metrics and the feeding rate of the large lupine beetle, an agricultural pest responsible for widespread damage in leguminous crops. By using video recordings, the movement of 384 beetles was digitally analysed under six different temperatures and light conditions in the laboratory. Bayesian linear mixed-effect models were used to analyse the data. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on the daily diffusion coefficient of beetles were estimated by using hidden Markov models and random walk simulations. Results of this work show that temperature, light conditions, and beetles' weight were the main factors affecting the flight probability, displacement, time being active and the speed of beetles. Significant variations were also observed in all evaluated metrics. On average, beetles exposed to light conditions and higher temperatures had higher mean speed and flight probability. However, beetles tended to stay more active at higher temperatures and less active at intermediate temperatures, around 20 degrees C. Therefore, both the diffusion coefficient and displacement of beetles were lower at intermediate temperatures. These results show that the movement behaviour and feeding rates of beetles can present different relationships in the function of temperature. It also shows that using a single diffusion coefficient for insects in spatially explicit models may lead to over- or underestimation of pest spread. KW - Agricultural pests KW - Diffusion KW - Hidden Markov models KW - Movement ecology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01510-7 SN - 1612-4758 SN - 1612-4766 SP - 389 EP - 402 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melani, Giacomo A1 - Nagata, Yuki A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Vibrational energy relaxation of interfacial OH on a water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface BT - a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics study JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - Vibrational relaxation of adsorbates is a sensitive tool to probe energy transfer at gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. The most direct way to study relaxation dynamics uses time-resolved spectroscopy. Here we report on a non-equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics (NE-AIMD) methodology to model vibrational relaxation of OH vibrations on a hydroxylated, water-covered alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface. In our NE-AIMD approach, after exciting selected O-H bonds their coupling to surface phonons and to the water adlayer is analyzed in detail, by following both the energy flow in time, as well as the time-evolution of Vibrational Density of States (VDOS) curves. The latter are obtained from Time-dependent Correlation Functions (TCFs) and serve as prototypical, generic representatives of time-resolved vibrational spectra. As most important results, (i) we find a few-picosecond lifetime of the excited modes and (ii) identify both hydrogen-bonded aluminols and water molecules in the adsorbed water layer as main dissipative channels, while the direct coupling to Al2O3 surface phonons is of minor importance on the timescales of interest. Our NE-AIMD/TCF methodology is powerful for complex adsorbate systems, in principle even reacting ones, and opens a way towards time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03777j SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 23 IS - 13 SP - 7714 EP - 7723 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff, Nora A1 - Klimm, Detlef A1 - Habicht, Klaus A1 - Fritsch, Katharina T1 - Crystal growth and thermodynamic investigation of Bi2M2+O4 (M = Pd, Cu) JF - CrystEngComm / The Royal Society of Chemistry N2 - Phase equilibria that are relevant for the growth of Bi2MO4 have been studied experimentally, and the ternary phase diagrams of Bi2O3-PdO2-Pd and Bi2O3-Cu2O-CuO and its isopleth section Bi2O3-CuO were redetermined. It is shown that every melting and crystallization process is always accompanied by a redox process at the phase boundary and that for both title compounds, the valence of the transition metal is lowered during melting. Vice versa, during crystal growth, O-2 must be transported through the melt to the phase boundary. Based on these new insights provided by our thermodynamic studies, Bi2CuO4 single crystals with a length of up to 7 cm and a diameter of 6 mm were grown by the OFZ technique to be used for investigations of magnetic, electronic and thermal transport properties. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Laue, magnetization and specific heat measurements. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ce00220a SN - 1466-8033 VL - 23 IS - 17 SP - 3230 EP - 3238 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Zhenyu A1 - Fritsch, Daniel A1 - Berendts, Stefan A1 - Lerch, Martin A1 - Breternitz, Joachim A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Elucidation of the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ZnGeN2 through Zn2GeO4 ammonolysis JF - Chemical science / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry N2 - Ternary II-IV-N-2 materials have been considered as a promising class of materials that combine photovoltaic performance with earth-abundance and low toxicity. When switching from binary III-V materials to ternary II-IV-N-2 materials, further structural complexity is added to the system that may influence its optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present a systematic study of the reaction of Zn2GeO4 with NH3 that produces zinc germanium oxide nitrides, and ultimately approach stoichiometric ZnGeN2, using a combination of chemical analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and DFT calculations. Elucidating the reaction mechanism as being dominated by Zn and O extrusion at the later reaction stages, we give an insight into studying structure-property relationships in this emerging class of materials. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00328c SN - 2041-6539 VL - 12 IS - 24 SP - 8493 EP - 8500 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saeedi Garakani, Sadaf A1 - Xie, Dongjiu A1 - Khorsand Kheirabad, Atefeh A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Yuan, Jiayin T1 - Template-synthesis of a poly(ionic liquid)-derived Fe1-xS/nitrogen-doped porous carbon membrane and its electrode application in lithium-sulfur batteries JF - Materials advances N2 - This study deals with the facile synthesis of Fe1-xS nanoparticle-containing nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes (denoted as Fe1-xS/N-PCMs) via vacuum carbonization of hybrid porous poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) membranes, and their successful use as a sulfur host material to mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The hybrid porous PIL membranes as the sacrificial template were prepared via ionic crosslinking of a cationic PIL with base-neutralized 1,1 '-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, so that the iron source was molecularly incorporated into the template. The carbonization process was investigated in detail at different temperatures, and the chemical and porous structures of the carbon products were comprehensively analyzed. The Fe1-xS/N-PCMs prepared at 900 degrees C have a multimodal pore size distribution with a satisfactorily high surface area and well-dispersed iron sulfide nanoparticles to physically and chemically confine the LiPSs. The sulfur/Fe1-xS/N-PCM composites were then tested as electrodes in Li-S batteries, showing much improved capacity, rate performance and cycle stability, in comparison to iron sulfide-free, nitrogen-doped porous carbon membranes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00441g SN - 2633-5409 VL - 2 IS - 15 SP - 5203 EP - 5212 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giesen, Michael T1 - Framing gender-based violence in multi-level contexts BT - a networked approach to studying adoption of the Istanbul Convention JF - European journal of politics and gender N2 - International institutions are an essential driving force of contemporary policies to combat gender-based violence but remain toothless if political actors do not implement them in domestic policies. How can scholars conceptualise the transposition of international gender-based violence norms into domestic policies? I argue that discourse network analysis provides a powerful conceptual and methodological extension of critical frame analysis to understand how frames shape the meaning of gender-based violence norms in multi-level institutional contexts. Frames’ normative and cognitive network structure invites combining discourse network and frame analysis techniques that locate frames’ power in their ability to connect different institutional spheres temporally and spatially. I outline a multi-level research agenda that traces the framing processes of international norms and their domestic implementation through gender-based violence policies in the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention. This agenda includes avenues to study how complex transnational policy frameworks like the Istanbul Convention play out in domestic policy implementation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821X16693059192022 SN - 2515-1088 SN - 2515-1096 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - 91 PB - Bristol University Press CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilgers, Leon A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Pfaender, Jobst A1 - Lentge-Maass, Nora A1 - Marwoto, Ristiyanti M. A1 - von Rintelen, Thomas A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Evolutionary divergence and radula diversification in two ecomorphs from an adaptive radiation of freshwater snails JF - Genes N2 - (1) Background: Adaptive diversification of complex traits plays a pivotal role in the evolution of organismal diversity. In the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania, adaptive radiations were likely promoted by trophic specialization via diversification of their key foraging organ, the radula. (2) Methods: To investigate the molecular basis of radula diversification and its contribution to lineage divergence, we used tissue-specific transcriptomes of two sympatric Tylomelania sarasinorum ecomorphs. (3) Results: We show that ecomorphs are genetically divergent lineages with habitat-correlated abundances. Sequence divergence and the proportion of highly differentially expressed genes are significantly higher between radula transcriptomes compared to the mantle and foot. However, the same is not true when all differentially expressed genes or only non-synonymous SNPs are considered. Finally, putative homologs of some candidate genes for radula diversification (hh, arx, gbb) were also found to contribute to trophic specialization in cichlids and Darwin's finches. (4) Conclusions: Our results are in line with diversifying selection on the radula driving Tylomelania ecomorph divergence and indicate that some molecular pathways may be especially prone to adaptive diversification, even across phylogenetically distant animal groups. KW - speciation KW - adaptive radiation KW - molluscs KW - RNAseq KW - regulatory evolution KW - trophic specialization Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13061029 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 13 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardi, Rafael L. A1 - Berdja, Amokrane A1 - Dani Guzman, Christian A1 - Torres-Torriti, Miguel A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Restoration of images with a spatially varying PSF of the T80-S telescope optical model using neural networks JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Most image restoration methods in astronomy rely upon probabilistic tools that infer the best solution for a deconvolution problem. They achieve good performances when the point spread function (PSF) is spatially invariant in the image plane. However, this condition is not always satisfied in real optical systems. We propose a new method for the restoration of images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using Deep Neural Networks that can be directly applied to sky images. The network is trained using simulated sky images corresponding to the T80-S Telescope optical model, a 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile), which are synthesized using a Zernike polynomial representation of the optical system. Once trained, the network can be used directly on sky images, outputting a corrected version of the image that has a constant and known PSF across its field of view. The method is to be tested on the T80-S Telescope. We present the method and results on synthetic data. KW - methods: statistical KW - techniques: image processing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3400 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 510 IS - 3 SP - 4284 EP - 4294 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -