TY - GEN A1 - Eichhorn, Sebastian A1 - Rusche, Karsten A1 - Weith, Thomas T1 - Integrative governance processes towards sustainable spatial development BT - solving conflicts between urban infill development and climate change adaptation T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Due to the high concentration of people and infrastructures in European cities, the possible impacts of climate change are particularly high (cities' social, economic and technical vulnerabilities). Adaptation measures to reduce the sensitivity of a city to climate risks are therefore of particular importance. Nevertheless, it is also common to develop compact and dense urban areas to reduce urban sprawl. Urban infill development and sustainable spatial climate policies are thus in apparent conflict with each other. This article examines how German cities deal with the tensions between these two policy fields. Using six case studies, a new heuristic analysis method is applied. This study identifies three key governance aspects that are essential for promoting the joint implementation: instruments, organisation and interaction. Based on our case studies, we conclude that successful implementation can only be achieved through integrative governance including all three domains. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1387 KW - urban infill development KW - climate change adaptation KW - governance KW - social KW - innovation KW - heuristic analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-594964 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eichhorn, Sebastian A1 - Rusche, Karsten A1 - Weith, Thomas T1 - Integrative governance processes towards sustainable spatial development BT - solving conflicts between urban infill development and climate change adaptation JF - Journal of environmental planning and management N2 - Due to the high concentration of people and infrastructures in European cities, the possible impacts of climate change are particularly high (cities' social, economic and technical vulnerabilities). Adaptation measures to reduce the sensitivity of a city to climate risks are therefore of particular importance. Nevertheless, it is also common to develop compact and dense urban areas to reduce urban sprawl. Urban infill development and sustainable spatial climate policies are thus in apparent conflict with each other. This article examines how German cities deal with the tensions between these two policy fields. Using six case studies, a new heuristic analysis method is applied. This study identifies three key governance aspects that are essential for promoting the joint implementation: instruments, organisation and interaction. Based on our case studies, we conclude that successful implementation can only be achieved through integrative governance including all three domains. KW - urban infill development KW - climate change adaptation KW - governance KW - social KW - innovation KW - heuristic analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1866509 SN - 0964-0568 SN - 1360-0559 VL - 64 IS - 12 SP - 2233 EP - 2256 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Han, Sungju A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian T1 - Reducing Hydro-Meteorological Risk by Nature-Based Solutions: What Do We JF - Water N2 - Nature-based solutions (NBS) have recently received attention due to their potential ability to sustainably reduce hydro-meteorological risks, providing co-benefits for both ecosystems and affected people. Therefore, pioneering research has dedicated efforts to optimize the design of NBS, to evaluate their wider co-benefits and to understand promoting and/or hampering governance conditions for the uptake of NBS. In this article, we aim to complement this research by conducting a comprehensive literature review of factors shaping people’s perceptions of NBS as a means to reduce hydro-meteorological risks. Based on 102 studies, we identified six topics shaping the current discussion in this field of research: (1) valuation of the co-benefits (including those related to ecosystems and society); (2) evaluation of risk reduction efficacy; (3) stakeholder participation; (4) socio-economic and location-specific conditions; (5) environmental attitude, and (6) uncertainty. Our analysis reveals that concerned empirical insights are diverse and even contradictory, they vary in the depth of the insights generated and are often not comparable for a lack of a sound theoretical-methodological grounding. We, therefore, propose a conceptual model outlining avenues for future research by indicating potential inter-linkages between constructs underlying perceptions of NBS to hydro-meteorological risks. KW - disaster risk reduction KW - climate change adaptation KW - river restoration KW - green infrastructure KW - ecosystem services KW - acceptability KW - attitudes KW - co-benefits KW - preferences KW - participation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w11122599 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Botzen, W. J. Wouter T1 - Cost-benefit analysis of flood-zoning policies: A review of current practice JF - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Water N2 - One commonly proposed method to limit flood risk is land-use or zoning policies which regulates construction in high-risk areas, in order to reduce economic exposure and its vulnerability to flood events. Although such zoning regulations can be effective in limiting trends in flood risk, they also have adverse impacts on society, for instance by limiting local development of areas near the water. In order to judge whether proposed land-use or zoning policies are a net benefit to society, they should be accepted or rejected based on a societal cost-benefit analysis (CBA). However, conducting a CBA of zoning regulation is complex and comprehensive guidelines of how to do such an analysis are lacking. We offer guidelines for good practice. In order to assess the costs and benefits of zoning as a climate change adaption strategy, they should be assessed at a societal level in order to account for public good features of flood risk reduction strategies, and because costs in one area can be benefits in another region. We propose a multistep process: first, determine the spatial extent of the zoning policy and how interconnected the zoned area is to other locations; second, conduct a CBA using monetary costs and benefits estimated from an integrated hydro-economic model to investigate if total benefits exceed total costs; third, conduct a sensitivity analysis regarding the main assumptions; fourth, conduct a multicriteria analysis (MCA) of the normative outcomes of a zoning policy. A desirable policy is preferred in both the CBA and MCA. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Human Water > Value of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes Human Water > Methods KW - climate change adaptation KW - cost-benefit analysis KW - flood KW - risk reduction KW - spatial planning KW - zoning Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1387 SN - 2049-1948 VL - 6 IS - 6 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - De Ruig, Lars T. A1 - De Ruiter, Marco C. A1 - Kuik, Onno J. A1 - Botzen, W. J. Wouter A1 - Le Den, X. A1 - Persson, Magnus A1 - Benoist, Anthony A1 - Nielsen, C. N. T1 - An assessment of best practices of extreme weather insurance and directions for a more resilient society T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Extreme weather resilience has been defined as being based on three pillars: resistance (the ability to lower impacts), recovery (the ability to bounce back), and adaptive capacity (the ability to learn and improve). These resilience pillars are important both before and after the occurrence of extreme weather events. Extreme weather insurance can influence these pillars of resilience depending on how particular insurance mechanisms are structured. We explore how the lessons learnt from the current best insurance practices can improve resilience to extreme weather events. We employ an extensive inventory of private property and agricultural crop insurance mechanisms to conduct a multi-criteria analysis of insurance market outcomes. We draw conclusions regarding the patterns in the best practice from six European countries to increase resilience. We suggest that requirements to buy a bundle extreme weather event insurance with general insurance packages are strengthened and supported with structures to financing losses through public-private partnerships. Moreover, support for low income households through income vouchers could be provided. Similarly, for the agricultural sector we propose moving towards comprehensive crop yield insurance linked to general agricultural subsidies. In both cases a nationally representative body can coordinate the various stakeholders into acting in concert. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 757 KW - extreme weather KW - insurance KW - resilience KW - climate change adaptation KW - risk management Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433510 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 757 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kemper, Tarek T1 - KLIMAGRAR – Neue Methoden der Begleitforschung am Beispiel des klimagerechten Handelns in der Landwirtschaft N2 - In Forschungsprogrammen werden zahlreiche Akteure mit unterschiedlichen Hintergründen und fachlichen Expertisen in Einzel- oder Verbundvorhaben vereint, die jedoch weitestgehend unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass gesamtgesellschaftliche Herausforderungen wie die globale Erwärmung zunehmend disziplinübergreifende Lösungsansätze erfordern, sollten Vernetzungs- und Transferprozesse in Forschungsprogrammen stärker in den Fokus rücken. Mit der Implementierung einer Begleitforschung kann dieser Forderung Rechnung getragen werden. Begleitforschung unterscheidet sich in ihrer Herangehensweise und ihrer Zielvorstellung von den „üblichen“ Projekten und kann in unterschiedlichen theoretischen Reinformen auftreten. Verkürzt dargestellt agiert sie entweder (1) inhaltlich komplementär zu den jeweiligen Forschungsprojekten, (2) auf einer Metaebene mit Fokus auf die Prozesse im Forschungsprogramm oder (3) als integrierende, synthetisierende Instanz, für die die Vernetzung der Projekte im Forschungsprogramm sowie der Wissenstransfer von Bedeutung sind. Zwar sind diese Formen analytisch in theoretische Reinformen trennbar, in der Praxis ergibt sich in der Regel jedoch ein Mix aus allen dreien. In diesem Zusammenhang schließt die vorliegende Dissertation als ergänzende Studie an bisherige Ansätze zum methodischen Handwerkszeug der Begleitforschung an und fokussiert auf folgende Fragestellungen: Auf welcher Basis kann die Vernetzung der Akteure in einem Forschungsprogramm durchgeführt werden, um diese effektiv zusammenzubringen? Welche weiteren methodischen Elemente sollten daran ansetzen, um einen Mehrwert zu generieren, der die Summe der Einzelergebnisse des Forschungsprogrammes übersteigt? Von welcher Art kann dann ein solcher Mehrwert sein und welche Rolle spielt dabei die Begleitforschung? Das erste methodische Element bildet die Erhebung und Aufbereitung einer Ausgangsdatenbasis. Durch eine auf semantischer Analyse basierenden Verschlagwortung projektbezogener Texte lässt sich eine umfassende Datenbasis aus den Inhalten der Forschungsprojekte generieren. Die Schlagwörter werden dabei anhand eines kontrollierten Vokabulars in einem Schlagwortkatalog strukturiert. Parallel dazu werden sie wiederum den jeweiligen Projekten zugeordnet, wodurch diese thematische Merkmale erhalten. Um thematische Überschneidungen zwischen Forschungsprojekten sichtbar und interpretierbar zu machen, beinhaltet das zweite Element Ansätze zur Visualisierung. Dazu werden die Informationen in einen Netzwerkgraphen transferiert, der sowohl alle im Forschungsprogramm involvierten Projekte als auch die identifizierten Schlagwörter in Relation zueinander abbilden kann. So kann zum Beispiel sichtbar gemacht werden, welche Forschungsprojekte sich auf Basis ihrer Inhalte „näher“ sind als andere. Genau diese Information wird im dritten methodischen Element als Planungsgrundlage für unterschiedliche Veranstaltungsformate wie Arbeitstagungen oder Transferwerkstätten genutzt. Das vierte methodische Element umfasst die Synthesebildung. Diese gestaltet sich als Prozess über den gesamten Zeitraum der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Begleitforschung und den weiteren Forschungsprojekten hinweg, da in die Synthese unter anderem Zwischen-, Teil- und Endergebnisse der Projekte einfließen, genauso wie Inhalte aus den unterschiedlichen Veranstaltungen. Letztendlich ist dieses vierte Element auch das Mittel, um aus den integrierten und synthetisierten Informationen Handlungsempfehlungen für zukünftige Vorhaben abzuleiten. Die Erarbeitung der methodischen Elemente erfolgte im laufenden Prozess des Begleitforschungsprojektes KlimAgrar, welches der vorliegenden Dissertation als Fallbeispiel dient und dessen Hintergründe in der Thematik Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung in der Landwirtschaft im Text ausführlich erläutert werden. N2 - Research programs combine numerous actors with diverse backgrounds and scientific expertise in single or joint projects that are to a considerable extent conducted independently and remain largely unrelated. At a time when societal challenges such as global warming require interdisciplinary collaboration and solution-oriented approaches, research programs should strengthen networking and transfer processes. Implementing a project doing accompanying research that has a different set of tasks compared to usual research projects can help address this demand. The work of such a project can be shaped in three theoretical forms: (1) to complement the research projects by filling in content-related gaps, (2) to investigate and assess the ongoing processes within the research program compiling insights for future research design, or (3) to enhance synergies within the community supporting the cooperation between research projects. De facto, hybrid forms of these approaches are used. In this context, the present doctoral thesis is set to enhance the existing methodology of accompanying research focusing on the following research questions: on what basis could the networking process be conducted most effectively? Which additional methodological elements should follow this networking process to reach an additional value that exceeds the sum of single project results? How could this additional value look and what role does the accompanying research project play? The first methodological element comprises the acquisition and processing of the initial data base. A ‘keywording’ process using semantic analysis of project-related texts provides an enormous amount of ‘index terms’ (keywords) that build the basis for networking approaches within this community. To organize these key data, a structured knowledge organization process has been implemented. This type of systematic or ‘controlled’ approach provides a structured subject catalogue. At the same time, these keywords were reassigned to the respective research projects as content-related attributes. Visualizing thematic overlaps between research projects is the essence of the second methodological element. Transferring this information into a network graph allows visualizing all research projects and identified keywords in relation to each other. Such a network graph demonstrates the closeness between research projects based on their topics and reveals thematic clusters that are suitable for joint workshops addressing stakeholders across different disciplines and fields. Based on this, element three comprises the organization and conduct of such workshops and other meeting formats focusing on, for example, transfer processes. The fourth methodological element is synthesis building. The synthesis process is conducted over the entire time of a research program and is used to integrate all kinds of partial, intermediate, or final results of the research projects as well as essential points derived from the different workshop formats. Eventually, this element is the means to frame recommendations with regard to future funding policy and research. This methodological approach has been elaborated during the ongoing processes of the accompanying research project KlimAgrar, which serves as case study in the present doctoral thesis. KlimAgrar’s thematic background in the field of climate action in agriculture is presented comprehensively in this thesis. T2 - KLIMAGRAR – A new methodological approach for accompanying research in the field of climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture KW - Begleitforschung KW - Verschlagwortung KW - Vernetzung KW - Landwirtschaft KW - Klimaschutz KW - Klimaanpassung KW - Synthese KW - accompanying research KW - agriculture KW - climate change adaptation KW - climate change mitigation KW - keywording KW - networking KW - synthesis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-601924 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rözer, Viktor A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Sairam, Nivedita A1 - Doss-Gollin, James A1 - Lall, Upmanu A1 - Merz, Bruno T1 - Probabilistic Models Significantly Reduce Uncertainty in Hurricane Harvey Pluvial Flood Loss Estimates JF - Earths future N2 - Pluvial flood risk is mostly excluded in urban flood risk assessment. However, the risk of pluvial flooding is a growing challenge with a projected increase of extreme rainstorms compounding with an ongoing global urbanization. Considered as a flood type with minimal impacts when rainfall rates exceed the capacity of urban drainage systems, the aftermath of rainfall-triggered flooding during Hurricane Harvey and other events show the urgent need to assess the risk of pluvial flooding. Due to the local extent and small-scale variations, the quantification of pluvial flood risk requires risk assessments on high spatial resolutions. While flood hazard and exposure information is becoming increasingly accurate, the estimation of losses is still a poorly understood component of pluvial flood risk quantification. We use a new probabilistic multivariable modeling approach to estimate pluvial flood losses of individual buildings, explicitly accounting for the associated uncertainties. Except for the water depth as the common most important predictor, we identified the drivers for having loss or not and for the degree of loss to be different. Applying this approach to estimate and validate building structure losses during Hurricane Harvey using a property level data set, we find that the reliability and dispersion of predictive loss distributions vary widely depending on the model and aggregation level of property level loss estimates. Our results show that the use of multivariable zero-inflated beta models reduce the 90% prediction intervalsfor Hurricane Harvey building structure loss estimates on average by 78% (totalling U.S.$3.8 billion) compared to commonly used models. KW - pluvial flooding KW - loss modeling KW - urban flooding KW - probabilistic KW - Hurricane Harvey KW - climate change adaptation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001074 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 384 EP - 394 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wutzler, Bianca A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany JF - Frontiers in water N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication. KW - risk management KW - climate change adaptation KW - floods KW - disaster risk KW - reduction KW - Germany KW - precaution KW - emergency management Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061 SN - 2624-9375 VL - 4 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wutzler, Bianca A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany JF - Frontiers in Water N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication. KW - risk management KW - climate change adaptation KW - floods KW - disaster risk reduction KW - Germany KW - precaution KW - emergency management Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.932061 SN - 2624-9375 PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wutzler, Bianca A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1304 KW - risk management KW - climate change adaptation KW - floods KW - disaster risk reduction KW - Germany KW - precaution KW - emergency management Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577350 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1304 ER -