TY - THES A1 - Morgenstern, Anne T1 - Thermokarst and thermal erosion : degradation of Siberian ice-rich permafrost T1 - Thermokarst und Thermoerosion : Degradation von sibirischem eisreichem Permafrost N2 - Current climate warming is affecting arctic regions at a faster rate than the rest of the world. This has profound effects on permafrost that underlies most of the arctic land area. Permafrost thawing can lead to the liberation of considerable amounts of greenhouse gases as well as to significant changes in the geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology of the corresponding landscapes, which may in turn act as a positive feedback to the climate system. Vast areas of the east Siberian lowlands, which are underlain by permafrost of the Yedoma-type Ice Complex, are particularly sensitive to climate warming because of the high ice content of these permafrost deposits. Thermokarst and thermal erosion are two major types of permafrost degradation in periglacial landscapes. The associated landforms are prominent indicators of climate-induced environmental variations on the regional scale. Thermokarst lakes and basins (alasses) as well as thermo-erosional valleys are widely distributed in the coastal lowlands adjacent to the Laptev Sea. This thesis investigates the spatial distribution and morphometric properties of these degradational features to reconstruct their evolutionary conditions during the Holocene and to deduce information on the potential impact of future permafrost degradation under the projected climate warming. The methodological approach is a combination of remote sensing, geoinformation, and field investigations, which integrates analyses on local to regional spatial scales. Thermokarst and thermal erosion have affected the study region to a great extent. In the Ice Complex area of the Lena River Delta, thermokarst basins cover a much larger area than do present thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands (20.0 and 2.2 %, respectively), which indicates that the conditions for large-area thermokarst development were more suitable in the past. This is supported by the reconstruction of the development of an individual alas in the Lena River Delta, which reveals a prolonged phase of high thermokarst activity since the Pleistocene/Holocene transition that created a large and deep basin. After the drainage of the primary thermokarst lake during the mid-Holocene, permafrost aggradation and degradation have occurred in parallel and in shorter alternating stages within the alas, resulting in a complex thermokarst landscape. Though more dynamic than during the first phase, late Holocene thermokarst activity in the alas was not capable of degrading large portions of Pleistocene Ice Complex deposits and substantially altering the Yedoma relief. Further thermokarst development in existing alasses is restricted to thin layers of Holocene ice-rich alas sediments, because the Ice Complex deposits underneath the large primary thermokarst lakes have thawed completely and the underlying deposits are ice-poor fluvial sands. Thermokarst processes on undisturbed Yedoma uplands have the highest impact on the alteration of Ice Complex deposits, but will be limited to smaller areal extents in the future because of the reduced availability of large undisturbed upland surfaces with poor drainage. On Kurungnakh Island in the central Lena River Delta, the area of Yedoma uplands available for future thermokarst development amounts to only 33.7 %. The increasing proximity of newly developing thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands to existing degradational features and other topographic lows decreases the possibility for thermokarst lakes to reach large sizes before drainage occurs. Drainage of thermokarst lakes due to thermal erosion is common in the study region, but thermo-erosional valleys also provide water to thermokarst lakes and alasses. Besides these direct hydrological interactions between thermokarst and thermal erosion on the local scale, an interdependence between both processes exists on the regional scale. A regional analysis of extensive networks of thermo-erosional valleys in three lowland regions of the Laptev Sea with a total study area of 5,800 km² found that these features are more common in areas with higher slopes and relief gradients, whereas thermokarst development is more pronounced in flat lowlands with lower relief gradients. The combined results of this thesis highlight the need for comprehensive analyses of both, thermokarst and thermal erosion, in order to assess past and future impacts and feedbacks of the degradation of ice-rich permafrost on hydrology and climate of a certain region. N2 - Die gegenwärtige Klimaerwärmung wirkt sich auf arktische Regionen stärker aus als auf andere Gebiete der Erde. Das hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für Permafrost, der weite Teile der terrestrischen Arktis unterlagert. Das Tauen von Permafrost kann zur Freisetzung erheblicher Mengen an Treibhausgasen sowie zu gravierenden Änderungen in der Geomorphologie, Hydrologie und Ökologie betroffener Landschaften führen, was wiederum als positive Rückkopplung auf das Klimasystem wirken kann. Ausgedehnte Gebiete der ostsibirischen Tiefländer, die mit Permafrost des Yedoma Eiskomplex unterlagert sind, gelten aufgrund des hohen Eisgehalts dieser Permafrostablagerungen als besonders empfindlich gegenüber Klimaerwärmungen. Thermokarst und Thermoerosion sind zwei Hauptformen der Permafrostdegradation in periglazialen Landschaften. Die zugehörigen Landschaftsformen sind auf der regionalen Skala bedeutende Indikatoren klimainduzierter Umweltvariationen. Thermokarstseen und senken (Alasse) sowie Thermoerosionstäler sind in den Küstentiefländern der Laptewsee weit verbreitet. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die räumliche Verbreitung und die morphometrischen Eigenschaften dieser Degradationsformen mit dem Ziel, ihre Entwicklungsbedingungen während des Holozäns zu rekonstruieren und Hinweise auf potenzielle Auswirkungen zukünftiger Permafrostdegradation im Zuge der erwarteten Klimaerwärmung abzuleiten. Der methodische Ansatz ist eine Kombination aus Fernerkundungs-, Geoinformations- und Geländeuntersuchungen, die Analysen auf lokalen bis regionalen räumlichen Skalen integriert. Thermokarst und Thermoerosion haben die Untersuchungsregion tiefgreifend geprägt. Im Eiskomplexgebiet des Lena-Deltas nehmen Thermokarstsenken eine weitaus größere Fläche ein als Thermokarstseen auf Yedoma-Hochflächen (20,0 bzw. 2,2 %), was darauf hin deutet, dass die Bedingungen für die Entwicklung von großflächigem Thermokarst in der Vergangenheit wesentlich günstiger waren als heute. Die Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung eines einzelnen Alas im Lena-Delta belegt eine andauernde Phase hoher Thermokarstaktivität seit dem Übergang vom Pleistozän zum Holozän, die zur Entstehung einer großen und tiefen Senke führte. Nach der Drainage des primären Thermokarstsees im mittleren Holozän erfolgten Permafrostaggradation und degradation parallel und in kürzeren abwechselnden Etappen innerhalb des Alas und führten zu einer komplexen Thermokarstlandschaft. Trotzdem die spätholozäne Thermokarstentwicklung im Alas dynamischer ablief als die erste Entwicklungsphase, resultierte sie nicht in der Degradation großer Teile pleistozäner Eiskomplexablagerungen und einer wesentlichen Veränderung des Yedoma-Reliefs. Weitere Thermokarstentwicklung in bestehenden Alassen ist begrenzt auf geringmächtige Lagen holozäner eisreicher Alas-Sedimente, da die Eiskomplexablagerungen unter den großen primären Thermokarstseen vollständig getaut waren und die unterlagernden Sedimente aus eisarmen, fluvialen Sanden bestehen. Thermokarstprozesse auf ungestörten Yedoma-Hochflächen wirken am stärksten verändernd auf Eiskomplexablagerungen, werden aber in Zukunft auf geringere Ausmaße begrenzt sein, da die Verfügbarkeit großer ungestörter, schwach drainierter Yedoma-Hochflächen abnimmt. Auf der Insel Kurungnakh im zentralen Lena-Delta beträgt der für zukünftige Thermokarstentwicklung verfügbare Anteil an Yedoma-Hochflächen nur 33,7 %. Die zunehmende Nähe von sich entwickelnden Thermokarstseen auf Yedoma-Hochflächen zu bestehenden Degradationsstrukturen und anderen negativen Reliefformen verringert die Möglichkeit der Thermokarstseen, große Ausmaße zu erreichen bevor sie drainieren. Die Drainage von Thermokarstseen durch Thermoerosion ist in der Untersuchungsregion weit verbreitet, aber Thermoerosionstäler versorgen Thermokarstseen und –senken auch mit Wasser. Neben diesen direkten hydrologischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Thermokarst und Thermoerosion auf der lokalen Ebene existiert auch eine Interdependenz zwischen beiden Prozessen auf der regionalen Ebene. Eine regionale Analyse weitreichender Netze von Thermoerosionstälern in drei Tieflandgebieten der Laptewsee mit einer Fläche von insgesamt 5800 km² zeigte, dass diese Formen häufiger in Gebieten mit höheren Geländeneigungen und Reliefgradienten auftreten, während Thermokarstentwicklung stärker in flachen Tiefländern mit geringeren Reliefgradienten ausgeprägt ist. Die kombinierten Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen die Notwendigkeit von umfassenden Analysen beider Prozesse und Landschaftsformen, Thermokarst und Thermoerosion, im Hinblick auf die Abschätzung vergangener und zukünftiger Auswirkungen der Degradation eisreichen Permafrosts auf Hydrologie und Klima der betrachteten Region und deren Rückkopplungen. KW - Fernerkundung KW - GIS KW - räumliche Analyse KW - periglaziale Landschaften KW - Arktis KW - remote sensing KW - GIS KW - spatial analyses KW - periglacial landscapes KW - Arctic Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62079 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mucic, Nenad T1 - Thermodynamics, kinetics and rheology of surfactant adsorption layers at water/oil interfaces Y1 - 2012 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohrmann, Alexander A1 - Kapp, Paul A1 - Carrapa, Barbara A1 - Reiners, Peter W. A1 - Guynn, Jerome A1 - Ding, Lin A1 - Heizler, Matthew T1 - Thermochronologic evidence for plateau formation in central Tibet by 45 Ma JF - Geology N2 - The timing of Tibetan plateau development remains elusive, despite its importance for evaluating models of continental lithosphere deformation and associated changes in surface elevation and climate. We present new thermochronologic data [biotite and K-feldspar Ar-40/Ar-39, apatite fission track, and apatite (U-Th)/He] from the central Tibetan plateau (Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes). The data indicate that over large regions, rocks underwent rapid to moderate cooling and exhumation during Cretaceous to Eocene time. This was coeval with >50% upper crustal shortening, suggesting substantial crustal thickening and surface elevation gain. Thermal modeling of combined thermochronometers requires exhumation of most samples to depths of <3 km between 85 and 45 Ma, followed by a decrease in erosional exhumation rate to low values of <0.05 mm/yr. The thermochronological results, when interpreted in the context of the deformation and paleoaltimetric history, are best explained by a scenario of plateau growth that began locally in central Tibet during the Late Cretaceous and expanded to encompass most of central Tibet by 45 Ma. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/G32530.1 SN - 0091-7613 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 187 EP - 190 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riera, Arnau A1 - Gogolin, Christian A1 - Eisert, Jens T1 - Thermalization in nature and on a quantum computer JF - Physical review letters N2 - In this work, we show how Gibbs or thermal states appear dynamically in closed quantum many-body systems, building on the program of dynamical typicality. We introduce a novel perturbation theorem for physically relevant weak system-bath couplings that is applicable even in the thermodynamic limit. We identify conditions under which thermalization happens and discuss the underlying physics. Based on these results, we also present a fully general quantum algorithm for preparing Gibbs states on a quantum computer with a certified runtime and error bound. This complements quantum Metropolis algorithms, which are expected to be efficient but have no known runtime estimates and only work for local Hamiltonians. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.080402 SN - 0031-9007 VL - 108 IS - 8 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - THES A1 - Deneke, Carlus T1 - Theory of mRNA degradation T1 - Theoretische Beschreibung des Abbaus von mRNA N2 - One of the central themes of biology is to understand how individual cells achieve a high fidelity in gene expression. Each cell needs to ensure accurate protein levels for its proper functioning and its capability to proliferate. Therefore, complex regulatory mechanisms have evolved in order to render the expression of each gene dependent on the expression level of (all) other genes. Regulation can occur at different stages within the framework of the central dogma of molecular biology. One very effective and relatively direct mechanism concerns the regulation of the stability of mRNAs. All organisms have evolved diverse and powerful mechanisms to achieve this. In order to better comprehend the regulation in living cells, biochemists have studied specific degradation mechanisms in detail. In addition to that, modern high-throughput techniques allow to obtain quantitative data on a global scale by parallel analysis of the decay patterns of many different mRNAs from different genes. In previous studies, the interpretation of these mRNA decay experiments relied on a simple theoretical description based on an exponential decay. However, this does not account for the complexity of the responsible mechanisms and, as a consequence, the exponential decay is often not in agreement with the experimental decay patterns. We have developed an improved and more general theory of mRNA degradation which provides a general framework of mRNA expression and allows describing specific degradation mechanisms. We have made an attempt to provide detailed models for the regulation in different organisms. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, different degradation pathways are known to compete and furthermore most of them rely on the biochemical modification of mRNA molecules. In bacteria such as E. coli, degradation proceeds primarily endonucleolytically, i.e. it is governed by the initial cleavage within the coding region. In addition, it is often coupled to the level of maturity and the size of the polysome of an mRNA. Both for S. cerevisiae and E. coli, our descriptions lead to a considerable improvement of the interpretation of experimental data. The general outcome is that the degradation of mRNA must be described by an age-dependent degradation rate, which can be interpreted as a consequence of molecular aging of mRNAs. Within our theory, we find adequate ways to address this much debated topic from a theoretical perspective. The improvements of the understanding of mRNA degradation can be readily applied to further comprehend the mRNA expression under different internal or environmental conditions such as after the induction of transcription or stress application. Also, the role of mRNA decay can be assessed in the context of translation and protein synthesis. The ultimate goal in understanding gene regulation mediated by mRNA stability will be to identify the relevance and biological function of different mechanisms. Once more quantitative data will become available, our description allows to elaborate the role of each mechanism by devising a suitable model. N2 - Ein zentrales Ziel der modernen Biologie ist es, ein umfassendes Verständnis der Genexpression zu erlangen. Die fundamentalen Prozesse sind im zentralen Dogma der Genexpression zusammengefasst: Die genetische Information wird von DNA in Boten-RNAs (mRNA) transkribiert und im Prozess der Translation von mRNA in Proteine übersetzt. Zum Erhalt ihrer Funktionalität und der Möglichkeit von Wachstum und Fortpflanzung muss in jeder Zelle und für jedes Gen die optimale Proteinkonzentration akkurat eingestellt werden. Hierzu hat jeder Organismus detaillierte Regulationsmechanismen entwickelt. Regulation kann auf allen Stufen der Genexpression erfolgen, insbesondere liefert der Abbau der mRNA-Moleküle einen effizienten und direkten Kontrollmechanismus. Daher sind in allen Lebewesen spezifische Mechanismen - die Degradationsmechanismen - entstanden, welche aktiv den Abbau befördern. Um ein besseres Verständnis von den zugrunde liegenden Prozessen zu erlangen, untersuchen Biochemiker die Degradationsmechanismen im Detail. Gleichzeitig erlauben moderne molekularbiologische Verfahren die simultane Bestimmung der Zerfallskurven von mRNA für alle untersuchten Gene einer Zelle. Aus theoretischer Perspektive wird der Zerfall der mRNA-Menge als exponentieller Zerfall mit konstanter Rate betrachtet. Diese Betrachtung dient der Interpretation der zugrunde liegenden Experimente, berücksichtigt aber nicht die fundierten Kenntnisse über die molekularen Mechanismen der Degradation. Zudem zeigen viele experimentelle Studien ein deutliches Abweichen von einem exponentiellen Zerfall. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wird daher eine erweiterte theoretische Beschreibung für die Expression von mRNA-Molekülen eingeführt. Insbesondere lag der Schwerpunkt auf einer verbesserten Beschreibung des Prozesses der Degradation. Die Genexpression kann als ein stochastischer Prozess aufgefasst werden, in dem alle Einzelprozesse auf zufällig ablaufenden chemischen Reaktionen basieren. Die Beschreibung erfolgt daher im Rahmen von Methoden der stochastischen Modellierung. Die fundamentale Annahme besteht darin, dass jedes mRNA-Molekül eine zufällige Lebenszeit hat und diese Lebenszeit für jedes Gen durch eine statistische Lebenszeitverteilung gegeben ist. Ziel ist es nun, spezifische Lebenszeitverteilungen basierend auf den molekularen Degradationsmechanismen zu finden. In dieser Arbeit wurden theoretische Modelle für die Degradation in zwei verschiedenen Organismen entwickelt. Zum einen ist bekannt, dass in eukaryotischen Zellen wie dem Hefepilz S. cerevisiae mehrere Mechanismen zum Abbau der mRNA-Moleküle in Konkurrenz zueinander stehen. Zudem ist der Abbau durch mehrere geschwindigkeitsbestimmende biochemische Schritte charakterisiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden diese Feststellungen durch ein theoretisches Modell beschrieben. Eine Markow-Kette stellte sich als sehr erfolgreich heraus, um diese Komplexität in eine mathematisch-fassbare Form abzubilden. Zum anderen wird in Kolibakterien die Degradation überwiegend durch einen initialen Schnitt in der kodierenden Sequenz der mRNA eingeleitet. Des Weiteren gibt es komplexe Wechselwirkungen mit dem Prozess der Translation. Die dafür verantwortlichen Enzyme - die Ribosomen - schützen Teile der mRNA und vermindern dadurch deren Zerfall. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden diese Zusammenhänge im Rahmen eines weiteren spezifischen, theoretischen Modells untersucht. Beide Mechanismen konnten an experimentellen Daten verifiziert werden. Unter anderem konnten dadurch die Interpretation der Zerfallsexperimente deutlich verbessert und fundamentale Eigenschaften der mRNA-Moleküle bestimmt werden. Ein Vorteil der statistischen Herangehensweise in dieser Arbeit liegt darin, dass theoretische Konzepte für das molekulare Altern der mRNAs entwickelt werden konnten. Mit Hilfe dieser neuentwickelten Methode konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Komplexität der Abbaumechanismen in einem Alterungsprozess manifestiert. Dieser kann mit der Lebenserwartung von einzelnen mRNA-Molekülen beschrieben werden. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde eine verallgemeinerte theoretische Beschreibung des Abbaus von mRNAMolek ülen entwickelt. Die zentrale Idee basiert auf der Verknüpfung von experimentellen Zerfallsmessungen mit den biochemischen Mechanismen der Degradation. In zukünftigen experimentellen Untersuchungen können die entwickelten Verfahren angewandt werden, um eine genauere Interpretation der Befunde zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere zeigt die Arbeit auf, wie verschiedene Hypothesen über den Degradationsmechanismus anhand eines geeigneten mathematischen Modells durch quantitative Experimente verifiziert oder falsifiziert werden können. KW - Abbau von Boten-RNS KW - Stochastische Genexpression KW - Posttranskriptionale Genregulation KW - Nichtexponentieller Zerfall von mRNA KW - Molekulares Altern KW - Degradation of messenger RNA KW - Stochastic gene expression KW - Post-transcriptional gene regulation KW - Non-exponential mRNA decay KW - Molecular Aging Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - The zoom lens of attention simulating shuffled versus normal text reading using the SWIFT model JF - Visual cognition N2 - Assumptions on the allocation of attention during reading are crucial for theoretical models of eye guidance. The zoom lens model of attention postulates that attentional deployment can vary from a sharp focus to a broad window. The model is closely related to the foveal load hypothesis, i.e., the assumption that the perceptual span is modulated by the difficulty of the fixated word. However, these important theoretical concepts for cognitive research have not been tested quantitatively in eye movement models. Here we show that the zoom lens model, implemented in the SWIFT model of saccade generation, captures many important patterns of eye movements. We compared the model's performance to experimental data from normal and shuffled text reading. Our results demonstrate that the zoom lens of attention might be an important concept for eye movement control in reading. KW - Computational modelling KW - Eye movements KW - Foveal load hypothesis KW - Perceptual span KW - Reading KW - Zoom lens model of attention Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2012.670143 SN - 1350-6285 SN - 1464-0716 VL - 20 IS - 4-5 SP - 391 EP - 421 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jackson, Gregory A1 - Sorge, Arndt T1 - The trajectory of institutional change in Germany, 1979-2009 JF - Journal of European public policy N2 - Over the last three decades, the German political economy can be characterized by both institutional continuity and change. Understanding the dynamics of institutional change therefore requires an examination of the interplay of changes in formal institutional rules and how organizations respond to these changes by strategic attempts to promote or hinder further change in institutions. The macro-level political story of institutional change shows a number of paradoxes resulting in unexpected and often incomplete forms of market liberalization shaped by continued support for some core features of Germany's social market economy. The resulting erosion of Germany's co-ordinated model of economic organization through networks and business associations has gone hand-in-hand with the attempts to preserve these institutions for core workers and sectors of the economy in the face of changing environments. The result is a more varied institutional landscape characterized by international diffusion of liberal policies and the politics of their variable re-embedding within a long-term path of institutional continuity. KW - Germany KW - institutional change KW - varieties of capitalism Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2012.709009 SN - 1350-1763 SN - 1466-4429 VL - 19 IS - 8 SP - 1146 EP - 1167 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Cunnings, Ian A1 - Batterham, Claire A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - The timing of island effects in nonnative sentence processing T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Using the eye-movement monitoring technique in two reading comprehension experiments, this study investigated the timing of constraints on wh-dependencies (so-called island constraints) in first- and second-language (L1 and L2) sentence processing. The results show that both L1 and L2 speakers of English are sensitive to extraction islands during processing, suggesting that memory storage limitations affect L1 and L2 comprehenders in essentially the same way. Furthermore, these results show that the timing of island effects in L1 compared to L2 sentence comprehension is affected differently by the type of cue (semantic fit versus filled gaps) signaling whether dependency formation is possible at a potential gap site. Even though L1 English speakers showed immediate sensitivity to filled gaps but not to lack of semantic fit, proficient German-speaking learners of English as a L2 showed the opposite sensitivity pattern. This indicates that initial wh-dependency formation in L2 processing is based on semantic feature matching rather than being structurally mediated as in L1 comprehension. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 526 KW - trace positions KW - empty categories KW - garden-paths KW - 2nd-language KW - grammar KW - dependencies KW - plausibility KW - constraints KW - english KW - comprehension Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415179 SN - 1866-8364 EP - 526 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Cunnings, Ian A1 - Batterham, Claire A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - The timing of Island effects in nonnative sentence processing JF - Studies in second language acquisition N2 - Using the eye-movement monitoring technique in two reading comprehension experiments, this study investigated the timing of constraints on wh-dependencies (so-called island constraints) in first- and second-language (L1 and L2) sentence processing. The results show that both L1 and L2 speakers of English are sensitive to extraction islands during processing, suggesting that memory storage limitations affect L1 and L2 comprehenders in essentially the same way. Furthermore, these results show that the timing of island effects in L1 compared to L2 sentence comprehension is affected differently by the type of cue (semantic fit versus filled gaps) signaling whether dependency formation is possible at a potential gap site. Even though L1 English speakers showed immediate sensitivity to filled gaps but not to lack of semantic fit, proficient German-speaking learners of English as a L2 showed the opposite sensitivity pattern. This indicates that initial wh-dependency formation in L2 processing is based on semantic feature matching rather than being structurally mediated as in L1 comprehension. KW - trace positions KW - empty categories KW - garden-paths KW - 2nd-language KW - grammar KW - dependencies KW - plausibility KW - constraints KW - english KW - comprehension Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263111000507 SN - 0272-2631 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 98 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Krivochen, Diego Gabriel T1 - The Syntax and Semantics of the Nominal Construction BT - A Radically Minimalist Perspective T3 - Potsdam Linguistic Investigations Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-631-62448-7 VL - 8 PB - Peter Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Oellers-Frahm, Karin A1 - Tomuschat, Christian A1 - Tams, Christian J. T1 - The statute of the international court of justice : a commentary Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-19-969299-6 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ET - 2. ed. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griffiths, Toni T1 - The state of jewish memory in York and Winchester JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. N2 - Am Beispiel der englischen Städte York und Winchester wird in diesem Artikel das Konzept der Erinnerung von Pierre Nora untersucht, um die Individualität lokaler Ansätze der Erinnerung an mittelalterliche englische Judenheiten zu veranschaulichen. Allgemein wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, wie Erinnerung einerseits aus einem Zeitalter anhaltenden Schweigens befreien und andererseits wieder in ein größeres historisches Narrativ integriert werden kann. Vice versa wird ebenfalls untersucht, wie das die jüdische Erinnerung umschließende Schweigen dennoch seine Fortsetzung im scharfen Gegensatz zu diesem neuen Verständnis von Erinnerung findet. Abschließend wird im Artikel die Frage gestellt, warum dieses Schweigen anhält und ob Noras Theorie, dass sich Erinnerung kontinuierlich entwickelt, auf die Erfahrungen jüdischer Erinnerung in York und Winchester angewendet werden kann. N2 - This article examines Pierre Nora’s concept of memory using the examples of York and Winchester to demonstrate the individuality of local approaches to the memory of medieval Anglo-Jewries. Overall, this paper will highlight how memory can be rescued from a period of prolonged silence and reintegrated back into a wider historical narrative. Conversely it will also examine how in stark contrast to this new attitude of remembering the silence surrounding Jewish memory continues to exist elsewhere. Finally this paper will ask why this silence remains, and question whether Nora’s theory that memory is constantly evolving is applicable to the experiences of Jewish memory in York and Winchester. Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61523 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 18 SP - 67 EP - 78 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Guerrero, Martín A. A1 - Hénault-Brunet, Vincent A1 - Sun, W. A1 - Chu, You-Hua A1 - Evans, Chris A1 - Gallagher, John S. A1 - Gruendl, Robert A. A1 - Reyes-Iturbide, Jorge T1 - The slow X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 and associated supernova remnant in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - SXP 1062 is an exceptional case of a young neutron star in a wind-fed high-mass X-ray binary associated with a supernova remnant. A unique combination of measured spin period, its derivative, luminosity and young age makes this source a key probe for the physics of accretion and neutron star evolution. Theoretical models proposed to explain the properties of SXP 1062 shall be tested with new data. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 591 KW - stars: emission-line KW - Be KW - X-rays: binaries KW - pulsars: individual (SXP 1062) Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415135 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 591 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paschke, Marco A1 - Stiller, Manfred A1 - Ryberg, Trond A1 - Weber, Michael H. T1 - The shallow P-velocity structure of the southern Dead Sea basin derived from near-vertical incidence reflection seismic data in project DESIRE JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - As a part of the DEad Sea Integrated REsearch (DESIRE) project a near-vertical incidence reflection (NVR) experiment with a profile length of 122 km was completed in spring 2006. The profile crossed the southern Dead Sea basin (DSB), a pull-apart basin due to the strike-slip motion along the Dead Sea Transform (DST). The DST with a total displacement of 107 km since about 18 Ma is part of a left-lateral fault system which connects the spreading centre in the Red Sea with the Taurus collision zone in Turkey over a distance of about 1100 km. The seismic experiment comprises 972 source locations and 1045 receiver locations. Each source was recorded by similar to 180 active receivers and a field data set with 175 000 traces was created. From this data set, 124 444 P-wave first-break traveltimes have been picked. With these traveltimes a tomographic inversion was carried out, resulting in a 2-D P-wave velocity model with a rms error of 20.9 ms. This model is dominated by a low-velocity region associated with the DSB. Within the DSB, the model shows clearly the position of the Lisan salt diapir, identified by a high-velocity zone. A further feature is an unexpected laterally low-velocity zone with P-velocities of 3 km s1 embedded in regions with 4 km s1 in the shallow part on the west side of the DSB. Another observation is an anticlinal structure west of the DSB interpretated to the related Syrian arc fold belt. KW - Tomography KW - Controlled source seismology KW - Transform faults Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05270.x SN - 0956-540X VL - 188 IS - 2 SP - 524 EP - 534 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lopez-Tarazon, Jose Andres A1 - Batalla Villanueva, Ramon J. A1 - Vericat, Damia A1 - Francke, Till T1 - The sediment budget of a highly dynamic mesoscale catchment the River Isabena JF - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology N2 - The paper presents the sediment budget of the Isabena basin, a highly dynamic 445-km(2) catchment located in the Central Pyrenees that is patched by highly erodible areas (i.e., badlands). The budget for the period 2007-2009 is constructed following a methodology that allows the interpolation of intermittent measurements of suspended sediment concentrations and enables a subsequent calculation of sediment loads. Data allow specification of the contribution of each subbasin to the water and sediment yield in the catchment outlet. Mean annual sediment load was 235,000 t y(-1). Specific sediment yield reached 2000 t km(-2) y(-1), a value that indicates very high sedimentary activity, especially in the case of Villacarli and Lascuarre subcatchments, were most badlands are located. The specific sediment yield obtained for the entire Isabena is 527 t km(-2) y(-1), a high value for such a mesoscale basin. Results show that a small part of the area (i.e., 1%) controls most of the catchment's gross sediment contribution. Sediment delivery ratio (ratio between sediment input from primary sources and basin export) has been estimated at around 90%, while in-channel storage represents the 5% of the annual load on average. The high connectivity between sediment sources (i.e., badlands) and transfer paths (i.e., streamcourses) exacerbates the influence of the local sediment production on the catchment's sediment yield, a quite unusual fact for a basin of this scale. KW - Sediment budget KW - Sediment transport KW - Random forests KW - Quantile regression forests KW - River Isabena KW - Ebro basin Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.020 SN - 0169-555X VL - 138 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stede, Manfred A1 - Peldszus, Andreas T1 - The role of illocutionary status in the usage conditions of causal connectives and in coherence relations JF - Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies N2 - The meaning of linguistic connectives has often been characterized in terms of their position in a bipartite (semantic, pragmatic) or a tripartite (content, epistemic, speech act) structure of domains, depending on what kinds of entities are being connected (largely: propositions or speech acts). This paper argues that a more fine-grained analysis can be achieved by directing some more attention to the characterization of the entities being related. We propose an inventory of categories of illocutionary status for labelling the spans that are being connected. On this basis, the distinction between the content and the epistemic domain, in particular, can be made more explicit. Focusing on the group of causal connectives in German, we conducted a corpus annotation study from which we derived distinct pragmatic 'usage profiles' of the most frequent causal connectives. Finally, we offer some suggestions on the role of illocutions in relation-based accounts of discourse structure. KW - Connective KW - Coherence relation KW - Speech act KW - Illocutionary force Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.01.004 SN - 0378-2166 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 214 EP - 229 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koss, Michael T1 - The role of governments in legislative agenda setting JF - West European politics Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.648482 SN - 0140-2382 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 436 EP - 437 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Jeon, Jae-Hyung T1 - The role of ergodicity in anomalous stochastic processes - analysis of single-particle trajectories JF - Physica scripta : an international journal for experimental and theoretical physics N2 - Single-particle experiments produce time series x(t) of individual particle trajectories, frequently revealing anomalous diffusion behaviour. Typically, individual x(t) are evaluated in terms of time-averaged quantities instead of ensemble averages. Here we discuss the behaviour of the time-averaged mean squared displacement of different stochastic processes giving rise to anomalous diffusion. In particular, we pay attention to the ergodic properties of these processes, i.e. the (non)equivalence of time and ensemble averages. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/86/05/058510 SN - 0031-8949 VL - 86 IS - 5 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - THES A1 - Langerwisch, Fanny T1 - The Role of climate and land use change on the riverine carbon fluxes in Amazonia Y1 - 2012 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romero-Sanchez, Monica A1 - Megias, Jesus L. A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - The role of alcohol and victim sexual interest in spanish students' perceptions of sexual assault JF - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence N2 - Two studies investigated the effects of information related to rape myths on Spanish college students' perceptions of sexual assault. In Study 1, 92 participants read a vignette about a nonconsensual sexual encounter and rated whether it was a sexual assault and how much the woman was to blame. In the scenario, the man either used physical force or offered alcohol to the woman to overcome her resistance. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was measured as an individual difference variable. Participants were more convinced that the incident was a sexual assault and blamed the woman less when the man had used force rather than offering her alcohol. In Study 2, 164 college students read a scenario in which the woman rejected a man's sexual advances after having either accepted or turned down his offer of alcohol. In addition, the woman was either portrayed as being sexually attracted to him or there was no mention of her sexual interest. Participants' RMA was again included. High RMA participants blamed the victim more than low RMA participants and were less certain that the incident was a sexual assault, especially when the victim had accepted alcohol and was described as being sexually attracted to the man. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and legal prosecution of sexual assault. KW - sexual assault KW - rape myth acceptance KW - alcohol KW - victim blame KW - token resistance Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511432149 SN - 0886-2605 VL - 27 IS - 11 SP - 2230 EP - 2258 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baibolatov, Yernur A1 - Spahn, Frank T1 - The role of adhesion for ensembles of mesoscopic particles JF - Granular matter N2 - We present a toy-model for an ensemble of adhering mesoscopic constituents in order to estimate the effect of the granular temperature on the sizes of embedded aggregates. The major goal is to illustrate the relation between the mean aggregate size and the granular temperature in dense planetary rings. For sake of simplicity we describe the collective behavior of the ensemble by means of equilibrium statistical mechanics, motivated by the stationary temperature established by the balance between a Kepler-shear driven viscous heating and inelastic cooling in these cosmic granular disks. The ensemble consists of N' equal constituents which can form cluster(s) or move like a gas-or both phases may coexist-depending on the (granular) temperature of the system. We assume the binding energy levels of a cluster E-c = -N-c gamma a to be determined by a certain contact number N-c, given by the configuration of N constituents of the aggregate (energy per contact: -gamma a). By applying canonical and grand-canonical ensembles, we show that the granular temperature T of a gas of constituents (their mean kinetic energy) controls the size distribution of the aggregates. They are the smaller the higher the granular temperature T is. A mere gas of single constituents is sustained for T >> gamma a. In the case of large clusters (low temperatures T << gamma a) the size distribution becomes a Poissonian. KW - Adhesion KW - Statistical mechanics KW - Planetary rings Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-012-0325-4 SN - 1434-5021 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 197 EP - 202 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Graae, Bente J. A1 - Brunet, Jörg A1 - Shevtsova, Anna A1 - De Schrijver, An A1 - Chabrerie, Olivier A1 - Cousins, Sara A. O. A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - Diekmann, Martin A1 - Hermy, Martin A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Kolb, Annette A1 - Nilsson, Christer A1 - Stanton, Sharon A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - The response of forest plant regeneration to temperature variation along a latitudinal gradient JF - Annals of botany N2 - The response of forest herb regeneration from seed to temperature variations across latitudes was experimentally assessed in order to forecast the likely response of understorey community dynamics to climate warming. Seeds of two characteristic forest plants (Anemone nemorosa and Milium effusum) were collected in natural populations along a latitudinal gradient from northern France to northern Sweden and exposed to three temperature regimes in growth chambers (first experiment). To test the importance of local adaptation, reciprocal transplants were also made of adult individuals that originated from the same populations in three common gardens located in southern, central and northern sites along the same gradient, and the resulting seeds were germinated (second experiment). Seedling establishment was quantified by measuring the timing and percentage of seedling emergence, and seedling biomass in both experiments. Spring warming increased emergence rates and seedling growth in the early-flowering forb A. nemorosa. Seedlings of the summer-flowering grass M. effusum originating from northern populations responded more strongly in terms of biomass growth to temperature than southern populations. The above-ground biomass of the seedlings of both species decreased with increasing latitude of origin, irrespective of whether seeds were collected from natural populations or from the common gardens. The emergence percentage decreased with increasing home-away distance in seeds from the transplant experiment, suggesting that the maternal plants were locally adapted. Decreasing seedling emergence and growth were found from the centre to the northern edge of the distribution range for both species. Stronger responses to temperature variation in seedling growth of the grass M. effusum in the north may offer a way to cope with environmental change. The results further suggest that climate warming might differentially affect seedling establishment of understorey plants across their distribution range and thus alter future understorey plant dynamics. KW - Anemone nemorosa KW - climate change KW - common garden KW - growth chambers KW - latitudinal gradient KW - local adaptation KW - Milium effusum KW - plant regeneration KW - range edges KW - recruitment KW - seedling establishment KW - temperature Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs015 SN - 0305-7364 VL - 109 IS - 5 SP - 1037 EP - 1046 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boehm, Andreas A1 - Polzin, A. A1 - Lueth, Anja A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Rassaf, T. A1 - Kelm, M. A1 - Kroemer, H. K. A1 - Schroer, K. A1 - Rauch, B. H. T1 - The release of sphingosine-1-phosphate from human platelets during acute coronary syndrome is attenuated by aspirin T2 - NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY Y1 - 2012 SN - 0028-1298 VL - 385 SP - 12 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - The RARE model a generalized approach to random relaxation processes in disordered systems JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - This paper introduces and analyses a general statistical model, termed the RAndom RElaxations (RARE) model, of random relaxation processes in disordered systems. The model considers excitations that are randomly scattered around a reaction center in a general embedding space. The model's input quantities are the spatial scattering statistics of the excitations around the reaction center, and the chemical reaction rates between the excitations and the reaction center as a function of their mutual distance. The framework of the RARE model is versatile and a detailed stochastic analysis of the random relaxation processes is established. Analytic results regarding the duration and the range of the random relaxation processes, as well as the model's thermodynamic limit, are obtained in closed form. In particular, the case of power-law inputs, which turn out to yield stretched exponential relaxation patterns and asymptotically Paretian relaxation ranges, is addressed in detail. KW - chemical relaxation KW - Pareto analysis KW - reaction kinetics theory KW - reaction rate constants KW - stochastic processes Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4770266 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 137 IS - 23 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liermann, A. A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Oskinova, Lida T1 - The Quintuplet cluster III. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and cluster age JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - The Quintuplet, one of three massive stellar clusters in the Galactic center (GC), is located about 30 pc in projection from Sagittarius A*. We aim at the construction of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) of the cluster to study its evolution and to constrain its star-formation history. For this purpose we use the most complete spectral catalog of the Quintuplet stars. Based on the K-band spectra we determine stellar temperatures and luminosities for all stars in the catalog under the assumption of a uniform reddening towards the cluster. We find two groups in the resulting HRD: early-type OB stars and late-type KM stars, well separated from each other. By comparison with Geneva stellar evolution models we derive initial masses exceeding 8 M-circle dot for the OB stars. In the HRD these stars are located along an isochrone corresponding to an age of about 4 Myr. This confirms previous considerations, where a similar age estimate was based on the presence of evolved Wolf-Rayet stars in the cluster. We derive number ratios for the various spectral subtype groups (e.g. N-WR/N-O, N-WC/N-WN) and compare them with predictions of population synthesis models. We find that an instantaneous burst of star formation at about 3.3 to 3.6 Myr ago is the most likely scenario to form the Quintuplet cluster. Furthermore, we apply a mass-luminosity relation to construct the initial mass function (IMF) of the cluster. We find indications for a slightly top-heavy IMF. The late-type stars in the LHO catalog are red giant branch (RGB) stars or red supergiants (RSGs) according to their spectral signatures. Under the assumption that they are located at about the distance of the Galactic center we can derive their luminosities. The comparison with stellar evolution models reveals that the initial masses of these stars are lower than 15 M-circle dot implying that they needed about 15 Myr (RSG) or even more than 30 Myr (RGB) to evolve into their present stage. It might be suspected that these late-type stars do not physically belong to the Quintuplet cluster. Indeed, most of them disqualify as cluster members because their radial velocities differ too much from the cluster average. Nevertheless, five of the brightest RGB/RSG stars from the LHO catalog share the mean radial velocity of the Quintuplet, and thus remain highly suspect for being gravitationally bound members. If so, this would challenge the cluster formation and evolution scenario. KW - stars: late-type KW - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams KW - infrared: stars KW - stars: early-type KW - open cluster and associations: individual: Quintuplet Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117534 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 540 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rocchetti, Alessandra A1 - Sharma, Tripti A1 - Wulfetange, Camilla A1 - Scholz-Starke, Joachim A1 - Grippa, Alexandra A1 - Carpaneto, Armando A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Vitale, Alessandro A1 - Czempinski, Katrin A1 - Pedrazzini, Emanuela T1 - The putative K+ channel subunit AtKCO3 forms stable dimers in arabidopsis JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The permeation pore of K+ channels is formed by four copies of the pore domain. AtKCO3 is the only putative voltage-independent K+ channel subunit of Arabidopsis thaliana with a single pore domain. KCO3-like proteins recently emerged in evolution and, to date, have been found only in the genus Arabidopsis (A. thaliana and A. lyrata). We show that the absence of KCO3 does not cause marked changes in growth under various conditions. Only under osmotic stress we observed reduced root growth of the kco3-1 null-allele line. This phenotype was complemented by expressing a KCO3 mutant with an inactive pore, indicating that the function of KCO3 under osmotic stress does not depend on its direct ability to transport ions. Constitutively overexpressed AtKCO3 or AtKCO3::G FP are efficiently sorted to the tonoplast indicating that the protein is approved by the endoplasmic reticulum quality control. However, vacuoles isolated from transgenic plants do not have significant alterations in current density. Consistently, both AtKCO3 and AtKCO3::GFP are detected as homodimers upon velocity gradient centrifugation, an assembly state that would not allow for activity. We conclude that if AtKCO3 ever functions as a K+ channel, active tetramers are held by particularly weak interactions, are formed only in unknown specific conditions and may require partner proteins. KW - Arabidopsis KW - membrane proteins KW - potassium channels KW - protein assembly KW - tonoplast Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00251 SN - 1664-462X VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rettig, R. A1 - Pohl, M. T1 - The properties of non-thermal X-ray filaments in young supernova remnants JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. Young supernova remnants (SNRs) exhibit narrow filaments of non-thermal X-ray emission whose widths can be limited either by electron energy losses or damping of the magnetic field. Aims. We want to investigate whether or not different models of these filaments can be observationally tested. Methods. Using observational parameters of four historical remnants, we calculated the filament profiles and compared the spectra of the filaments with those of the total non-thermal emission. For that purpose, we solved a one-dimensional stationary transport equation for the isotropic differential number density of the electrons. Results. We find that the difference between the spectra of filament and total non-thermal emission above 1 keV is more pronounced in the damping model than in the energy-loss model. Conclusions. A considerable damping of the magnetic field can result in an observable difference between the spectra of filament and total non-thermal emission, thus potentially permitting an observational discrimination between the energy-loss model and the damping model of the X-ray filaments. KW - acceleration of particles KW - ISM: supernova remnants KW - ISM: magnetic fields KW - X-rays: ISM Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201219409 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 545 IS - 5 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hejazi, Mahdi A1 - Steup, Martin A1 - Fettke, Jörg T1 - The plastidial glucan, water dikinase (GWD) catalyses multiple phosphotransfer reactions JF - The FEBS journal N2 - The plant genome encodes at least two distinct and evolutionary conserved plastidial starch-related dikinases that phosphorylate a low percentage of glucosyl residues at the starch granule surface. Esterification of starch favours the transition of highly ordered a-glucans to a less ordered state and thereby facilitates the cleavage of interglucose bonds by hydrolases. Metabolically most important is the phosphorylation at position C6, which is catalysed by the glucan, water dikinase (GWD). The reactions mediated by recombinant wild-type GWD from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGWD) and from Solanum tuberosum (StGWD) were studied. Two mutated proteins lacking the conserved histidine residue that is indispensible for glucan phosphorylation were also included. The wild-type GWDs consume approximately 20% more ATP than is required for glucan phosphorylation. Similarly, although incapable of phosphorylating a-glucans, the two mutated dikinase proteins are capable of degrading ATP. Thus, consumption of ATP and phosphorylation of a-glucans are not strictly coupled processes but, to some extent, occur as independent phosphotransfer reactions. As revealed by incubation of the GWDs with [gamma-33P]ATP, the consumption of ATP includes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate group to the GWD protein but this autophosphorylation does not require the conserved histidine residue. Thus, the GWD proteins possess two vicinal phosphorylation sites, both of which are transiently phosphorylated. Following autophosphorylation at both sites, native dikinases flexibly use various terminal phosphate acceptors, such as water, alpha-glucans, AMP and ADP. A model is presented describing the complex phosphotransfer reactions of GWDs as affected by the availability of the various acceptors. KW - glucan phosphorylation KW - glucan KW - water dikinase KW - protein autophosphorylation KW - starch metabolism KW - starch phosphorylation Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08576.x SN - 1742-464X VL - 279 IS - 11 SP - 1953 EP - 1966 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez, Wendy A1 - Riedelsberger, Janin A1 - Morales-Navarro, Samuel E. A1 - Caballero, Julio A1 - Alzate-Morales, Jans H. A1 - Gonzalez-Nilo, Fernando D. A1 - Dreyer, Ingo T1 - The pH sensor of the plant K+-uptake channel KAT1 is built from a sensory cloud rather than from single key amino acids JF - The biochemical journal N2 - The uptake of potassium ions (K+) accompanied by an acidification of the apoplasm is a prerequisite for stomatal opening. The acidification (approximately 2-2.5 pH units) is perceived by voltage-gated inward potassium channels (K-in) that then can open their pores with lower energy cost. The sensory units for extracellular pH in stomatal K-in channels are proposed to be histidines exposed to the apoplasm. However, in the Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal K-in channel KAT1, mutations in the unique histidine exposed to the solvent (His(267)) do not affect the pH dependency. We demonstrate in the present study that His(267) of the KAT1 channel cannot sense pH changes since the neighbouring residue Phe(266) shifts its pK(a) to undetectable values through a cation-pi interaction. Instead, we show that Glu(240) placed in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segments S5 and S6 is involved in the extracellular acid activation mechanism. Based on structural models we propose that this region may serve as a molecular link between the pH- and the voltage-sensor. Like Glu(240), several other titratable residues could contribute to the pH-sensor of KAT1, interact with each other and even connect such residues far away from the voltage-sensor with the gating machinery of the channel. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - channel protein structure KW - channel protein-proton interaction KW - KAT1 KW - pH regulation KW - potassium chanel Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20111498 SN - 0264-6021 VL - 442 IS - 7 SP - 57 EP - 63 PB - Portland Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gonzalez, W. A1 - Riedelsberger, J. A1 - Morales-Navarro, S. E. A1 - Caballero, Julio A1 - Alzate-Morales, Jans H. A1 - Gonzalez-Nilo, F. D. A1 - Dreyer, Ingo T1 - The pH sensor of the plant K plus uptake channel KAT1 is built from a sensory cloud rather than from single key amino acids T2 - The FEBS journal Y1 - 2012 SN - 1742-464X VL - 279 SP - 455 EP - 455 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zamagni, Jessica A1 - Mutti, Maria A1 - Ballato, Paolo A1 - Kosir, Adrijan T1 - The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) in shallow-marine successions of the Adriatic carbonate platform (SW Slovenia) JF - Geological Society of America bulletin N2 - The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum represents one of the most rapid and extreme warming events in the Cenozoic. Shallow-water stratigraphic sections from the Adriatic carbonate platform offer a rare opportunity to learn about the nature of Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and the effects on shallow-water ecosystems. We use carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, in conjunction with detailed larger benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, to establish a high-resolution paleoclimatic record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. A prominent negative excursion in delta C-13 curves of bulk-rock (similar to 1 parts per thousand-3 parts per thousand), matrix (similar to 4 parts per thousand), and foraminifera (similar to 6 parts per thousand) is interpreted as the carbon isotope excursion during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. The strongly C-13-depleted delta(1)d(3)C record of our shallow-marine carbonates compared to open-marine records could result from organic matter oxidation, suggesting intensified weathering, runoff, and organic matter flux. The Ilerdian larger benthie foraminiferal turnover is documented in detail based on high-resolution correlation with the carbon isotopic excursion. The turnover is described as a two-step process, with the first step (early Ilerdian) marked by a rapid diversification of small alveolinids and nummulitids with weak adult dimorphism, possibly as adaptations to fluctuating Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum nutrient levels, and a second step (middle Ilerdian) characterized by a further specific diversification, increase of shell size, and well-developed adult dimorphism. Within an evolutionary scheme controlled by long-term biological processes, we argue that high seawater temperatures could have stimulated the early Ilerdian rapid specific diversification. Together, these data help elucidate the effects of global warming and associated feedbacks in shallow-water ecosystems, and by inference, could serve as an assessment analog for future changes. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B30553.1 SN - 0016-7606 VL - 124 IS - 7-8 SP - 1071 EP - 1086 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winck, Flavia V. A1 - Riano-Pachon, Diego M. A1 - Sommer, Frederik A1 - Rupprecht, Jens A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd T1 - The nuclear proteome of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii JF - Proteomics N2 - Nuclear proteins play a central role in regulating gene expression. Their identification is important for understanding how the nuclear repertoire changes over time under different conditions. Nuclear proteins are often underrepresented in proteomic studies due to the frequently low abundance of proteins involved in regulatory processes. So far, only few studies describing the nuclear proteome of plant species have been published. Recently, the genome sequence of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been obtained and annotated, allowing the development of further detailed studies for this organism. However, a detailed description of its nuclear proteome has not been reported so far. Here, we present an analysis of the nuclear proteome of the sequenced Chlamydomonas strain cc503. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 672 proteins from nuclei isolates with a maximum 1% peptide spectrum false discovery rate. Besides well-known proteins (e.g. histones), transcription factors and other transcriptional regulators (e.g. tubby and HMG) were identified. The presence of protein motifs in nuclear proteins was investigated by computational tools, and specific over-represented protein motifs were identified. This study provides new insights into the complexity of the nuclear environment and reveals novel putative protein targets for further studies of nuclear mechanisms. KW - Nuclear proteomics KW - Plant proteomics KW - Systems biology KW - Transcription factor Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201000782 SN - 1615-9853 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 95 EP - 100 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - INPR A1 - Alsaedy, Ammar A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich T1 - The method of Fischer-Riesz equations for elliptic boundary value problems N2 - We develop the method of Fischer-Riesz equations for general boundary value problems elliptic in the sense of Douglis-Nirenberg. To this end we reduce them to a boundary problem for a (possibly overdetermined) first order system whose classical symbol has a left inverse. For such a problem there is a uniquely determined boundary value problem which is adjoint to the given one with respect to the Green formula. On using a well elaborated theory of approximation by solutions of the adjoint problem, we find the Cauchy data of solutions of our problem. T3 - Preprints des Instituts für Mathematik der Universität Potsdam - 1(2012)24 KW - Boundary value problems for first order systems KW - Green formula KW - Fischer-Riesz equations KW - regularisation Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61792 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitrova, Ilinka A1 - Fernandes, Vitor H. A1 - Koppitz, Jörg T1 - The maximal subsemigroups of semigroups of transformations preserving or reversing the orientation on a finite chain JF - Publicationes mathematicae N2 - The study of the semigroups OPn, of all orientation-preserving transformations on an n-element chain, and ORn, of all orientation-preserving or orientation-reversing transformations on an n-element chain, has began in [17] and [5]. In order to bring more insight into the subsemigroup structure of OPn and ORn, we characterize their maximal subsemigroups. KW - finite transformation semigroup KW - orientation-preserving and orientation-reversing transformations KW - maximal subsemigroups Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5486/PMD.2012.4897 SN - 0033-3883 VL - 81 IS - 1-2 SP - 11 EP - 29 PB - Institutum Mathematicum Universitatis Debreceniensis, Debreceni Tudományegyetem Matematikai Intézete CY - Debrecen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Landau, Udi A1 - Pnini, Smadar A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Zilberstein, Aviah A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Chet, Ilan A1 - Viterbo, Ada T1 - The LysM Receptor-Like Kinase LysM RLK1 is required to activate defense and abiotic-stress responses induced by overexpression of fungal chitinases in arabidopsis plants JF - Molecular plant N2 - Application of crab shell chitin or pentamer chitin oligosaccharide to Arabidopsis seedlings increased tolerance to salinity in wild-type but not in knockout mutants of the LysM Receptor-Like Kinase1 (CERK1/LysM RLK1) gene, known to play a critical role in signaling defense responses induced by exogenous chitin. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the endochitinase chit36 and hexoaminidase excy1 genes from the fungus Trichoderma asperelleoides T203 showed increased tolerance to salinity, heavy-metal stresses, and Botrytis cinerea infection. Resistant lines, overexpressing fungal chitinases at different levels, were outcrossed to lysm rlk1 mutants. Independent homozygous hybrids lost resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, despite enhanced chitinase activity. Expression analysis of 270 stress-related genes, including those induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chitin, revealed constant up-regulation (at least twofold) of 10 genes in the chitinase-overexpressing line and an additional 76 salt-induced genes whose expression was not elevated in the lysm rlk1 knockout mutant or the hybrids harboring the mutation. These findings elucidate that chitin-induced signaling mediated by LysM RLK1 receptor is not limited to biotic stress response but also encompasses abiotic-stress signaling and can be conveyed by ectopic expression of chitinases in plants. KW - abiotic stress KW - chitin-induced signaling KW - chitinases KW - LysM receptor kinase KW - Trichoderma Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sss021 SN - 1674-2052 VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 1113 EP - 1124 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - INPR A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich A1 - Wallenta, Daniel T1 - The Lefschetz number of sequences of trace class curvature N2 - For a sequence of Hilbert spaces and continuous linear operators the curvature is defined to be the composition of any two consecutive operators. This is modeled on the de Rham resolution of a connection on a module over an algebra. Of particular interest are those sequences for which the curvature is "small" at each step, e.g., belongs to a fixed operator ideal. In this context we elaborate the theory of Fredholm sequences and show how to introduce the Lefschetz number. T3 - Preprints des Instituts für Mathematik der Universität Potsdam - 1 (2012) 3 KW - Perturbed complexes KW - curvature KW - Lefschetz number Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56969 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaplan, Aaron A1 - Harel, Moshe A1 - Kaplan-Levy, Ruth N. A1 - Hadas, Ora A1 - Sukenik, Assaf A1 - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke T1 - The languages spoken in the water body (or the biological role of cyanobacterial toxins) JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Although intensification of toxic cyanobacterial blooms over the last decade is a matter of growing concern due to bloom impact on water quality, the biological role of most of the toxins produced is not known. In this critical review we focus primarily on the biological role of two toxins, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin, in inter- and intra-species communication and in nutrient acquisition. We examine the experimental evidence supporting some of the dogmas in the field and raise several open questions to be dealt with in future research. We do not discuss the health and environmental implications of toxin presence in the water body. KW - aoa KW - cylindrospermopsin KW - microcystin KW - cyr KW - mcy Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00138 SN - 1664-302X VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Appeltauer, Malte A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - The JCop language specification : Version 1.0, April 2012 N2 - Program behavior that relies on contextual information, such as physical location or network accessibility, is common in today's applications, yet its representation is not sufficiently supported by programming languages. With context-oriented programming (COP), such context-dependent behavioral variations can be explicitly modularized and dynamically activated. In general, COP could be used to manage any context-specific behavior. However, its contemporary realizations limit the control of dynamic adaptation. This, in turn, limits the interaction of COP's adaptation mechanisms with widely used architectures, such as event-based, mobile, and distributed programming. The JCop programming language extends Java with language constructs for context-oriented programming and additionally provides a domain-specific aspect language for declarative control over runtime adaptations. As a result, these redesigned implementations are more concise and better modularized than their counterparts using plain COP. JCop's main features have been described in our previous publications. However, a complete language specification has not been presented so far. This report presents the entire JCop language including the syntax and semantics of its new language constructs. N2 - Das Verhalten von modernen Software-Anwendungen benötigt häufig Informationen über den Kontext ihrer Ausführung, z.B. die geografische Position, die Tageszeit oder die aktuelle Netzwerkbandbreite. Dennoch bieten heutige Programmiersprachen nur wenig Unterstützung für die Repräsentation kontextspezifischen Verhaltens. Kontextorientiertes Programmieren ist ein Ansatz, der die explizite Modularisierung und Laufzeitaktivierung von kontextspezifischem Verhalten auf der Ebene von Programmiersprachkonstrukten ermöglicht. Die bisherigen Umsetzungen von kontextorientiertem Programmieren schränken jedoch die Kontrolle der Laufzeitaktivierungen solches kontextspezifischen Verhaltens ein. Daraus folgt eine Einschränkung der Anwendungsbereiche für kontextorientiertes Programmieren, unter anderem für solche Domänen, in denen Programme sehr häufig kontextabhängiges Verhalten bereitstellen, z.B. ereignisbasierte, mobile und dienstorientierte Systeme. Die Programmiersprache JCop erweitert Java um Sprachkonstrukte für kontextorientieres Programmieren und bietet zusätzlich eine domänenspezifische Aspektsprach an, mit deren Hilfe Laufzeitadaptionen deklarativ spezifiziert werden können. Die Kernkonzepte von JCop wurden bereits in mehrern Publikationen vorgestellt, dieser Bericht enthält nun eine umfassende Sprachspezifikation von JCop. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 59 KW - Programming Languages KW - Context-oriented Programming KW - Aspect-oriented Programming KW - Java KW - JCop KW - runtime adaptations Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60208 SN - 978-3-86956-193-6 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoll, Nina A1 - Wiedemannm, A. U. A1 - Heckhausen, Juliane A1 - Burkert, Silke A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Schrader, M. T1 - The interplay of autonomy goals and spousal support a prospective study with couples facing cancer T2 - Psychology & health : official journal of the European Health Psychology Society Y1 - 2012 SN - 0887-0446 VL - 27 IS - 33 SP - 70 EP - 71 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hennemann, Anja T1 - The interaction between the linguistic domains of evidentiality and deixis as exemplified by Spanish detective novels Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-89323-140-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, M. A1 - Ellerbrock, Ruth H. A1 - Wulf, M. A1 - Dultz, S. A1 - Hierath, C. A1 - Sommer, M. T1 - The influence of mineral characteristics on organic matter content, composition, and stability of topsoils under long-term arable and forest land use JF - Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences N2 - In this study, we analyzed the influence of soil mineral characteristics (e. g., clay concentration and mineralogical composition, iron and aluminum oxide concentration and crystallinity, specific surface area, and exchangeable cation concentration) on (i) organic carbon (OC) content (kg m(-2)) and (ii) the concentration (g kg(-1)), composition, and stability of the mineral-associated organic matter (OM) of arable and forest topsoils. We selected seven soil types with different mineral characteristics for this study. For each soil type, samples were taken from topsoils of a deciduous forest and an adjacent arable site. The arable and forest sites have been used continuously for more than 100 years. Na-pyrophosphate soluble OM fractions (OM(PY)), representing mineral-associated OM, were extracted, analyzed for OC and C-14 concentrations, and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. For the forest and arable topsoils, a linear relationship was found between the OC content and exchangeable Ca. For the arable topsoils (pH 6.7-7.5), correlation analyses indicated that the OCPY concentration increased with an increase in oxalate soluble Fe and Al, exchangeable Ca, and Na-pyrophosphate soluble Mg and Fe concentrations. The stability of OM(PY) determined by the C-14 measurements of the near-neutral arable topsoils was shown to increase with the specific surface area and the concentration of exchangeable Ca. For the acidic forest topsoils (pH < 5), the stability of OM(PY) was found to increase as the pH, and the concentration of C=O groups and Na-pyrophosphate soluble Mg increase. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001712 SN - 0148-0227 VL - 117 IS - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Tobias A1 - Terao, Mineko A1 - Garattini, Enrico A1 - Teutloff, Christian A1 - Alfaro, Joshua F. A1 - Jones, Jeffrey P. A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on human aldehyde oxidase JF - Drug metabolism and disposition : the biological fate of chemicals N2 - Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a complex molybdo-flavoprotein that belongs to the xanthine oxidase family. AO is active as a homodimer, and each 150-kDa monomer binds two distinct [2Fe2S] clusters, FAD, and the molybdenum cofactor. AO has an important role in the metabolism of drugs based on its broad substrate specificity oxidizing aromatic aza-heterocycles, for example, N-1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, or aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, and vanillin. Sequencing the 35 coding exons of the human AOX1 gene in a sample of 180 Italian individuals led to the identification of relatively frequent, synonymous, missense and nonsense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Human aldehyde oxidase (hAOX1) was purified after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was obtained with a purity of 95% and a yield of 50 mu g/l E. coli culture. Site-directed mutagenesis of the hAOX1 cDNA allowed the purification of protein variants bearing the amino acid changes R802C, R921H, N1135S, and H1297R, which correspond to some of the identified SNPs. The hAOX1 variants were purified and compared with the wild-type protein relative to activity, oligomerization state, and metal content. Our data show that the mutation of each amino acid residue has a variable impact on the ability of hAOX1 to metabolize selected substrates. Thus, the human population is characterized by the presence of functionally inactive hAOX1 allelic variants as well as variants encoding enzymes with different catalytic activities. Our results indicate that the presence of these allelic variants should be considered for the design of future drugs. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.043828 SN - 0090-9556 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 856 EP - 864 PB - American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics CY - Bethesda ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pfäffle, Frank A1 - Stephan, Christoph A. T1 - The holst action by the spectral action principle (vol 307, pg 261, 2011) T2 - Communications in mathematical physics Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-012-1507-y SN - 0010-3616 VL - 313 IS - 1 SP - 291 EP - 292 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pfäffle, Frank A1 - Stephan, Christoph A. T1 - The Holst action by the spectral action principle N2 - We investigate the Holst action for closed Riemannian 4-manifolds with orthogonal connections. For connections whose torsion has zero Cartan type component we show that the Holst action can be recovered from the heat asymptotics for the natural Dirac operator acting on left-handed spinor fields. T3 - Preprints des Instituts für Mathematik der Universität Potsdam - 1(2012)19 Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60032 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bukovinszky, Tibor A1 - Verschoor, Antonie M. A1 - Helmsing, Nico R. A1 - Bezemer, T. Martijn A1 - Bakker, Elisabeth S. A1 - Vos, Matthijs A1 - Domis, Lisette Nicole de Senerpont T1 - The Good, the bad and the plenty Interactive effects of food quality and quantity on the growth of different daphnia species JF - PLoS one N2 - Effects of food quality and quantity on consumers are neither independent nor interchangeable. Although consumer growth and reproduction show strong variation in relation to both food quality and quantity, the effects of food quality or food quantity have usually been studied in isolation. In two experiments, we studied the growth and reproduction in three filter-feeding freshwater zooplankton species, i.e. Daphnia galeata x hyalina, D. pulicaria and D. magna, on their algal food (Scenedesmus obliquus), varying in carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios and quantities (concentrations). In the first experiment, we found a strong positive effect of the phosphorus content of food on growth of Daphnia, both in their early and late juvenile development. Variation in the relationship between the P-content of animals and their growth rate reflected interspecific differences in nutrient requirements. Although growth rates typically decreased as development neared maturation, this did not affect these species-specific couplings between growth rate and Daphnia P-content. In the second experiment, we examined the effects of food quality on Daphnia growth at different levels of food quantity. With the same decrease in P-content of food, species with higher estimated P-content at zero growth showed a larger increase in threshold food concentrations (i.e. food concentration sufficient to meet metabolic requirements but not growth). These results suggest that physiological processes such as maintenance and growth may in combination explain effects of food quality and quantity on consumers. Our study shows that differences in response to variation in food quality and quantity exist between species. As a consequence, species-specific effects of food quality on consumer growth will also determine how species deal with varying food levels, which has implications for resource-consumer interactions. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042966 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 7 IS - 9 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaklan, Aleksandar A1 - Cullmann, Astrid A1 - Neumann, Anne A1 - von Hirschhausen, Christian T1 - The globalization of steam coal markets and the role of logistics an empirical analysis JF - Energy economics N2 - In this paper, we provide a comprehensive multivariate cointegration analysis of three parts of the steam coal value chain - export, transport and import prices. The analysis is based on a rich dataset of international coal prices: in particular, we combine data on steam coal prices with freight rates, covering the period December 2001 until August 2009 at weekly frequency. We then test whether the demand and supply side components of steam coal trade are consistently integrated with one another. In addition, export and import prices as well as freight rates for individual trading routes, across regions and globally are combined. We find evidence of significant yet incomplete integration. We also find heterogeneous short-term dynamics of individual markets. Furthermore, we examine whether logistics enter coal price dynamics through transportation costs, which are mainly determined by oil prices. Our results suggest that this is generally not the case. KW - Steam coal KW - Market integration KW - Multivariate cointegration Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.03.001 SN - 0140-9883 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 105 EP - 116 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Hogenacker, Jens T1 - The German labor market after the Great Recession BT - successful reforms and future challenges T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The reaction of the German labor market to the Great Recession 2008/09 was relatively mild – especially compared to other countries. The reason lies not only in the specific type of the recession – which was favorable for the German economy structure – but also in a series of labor market reforms initiated between 2002 and 2005 altering, inter alia, labor supply incentives. However, irrespective of the mild response to the Great Recession, there are a number of substantial future challenges the German labor market will soon have to face. Female labor supply still lies well below that of other countries and a massive demographic change over the next 50 years will have substantial effects on labor supply as well as the pension system. In addition, due to a skill-biased technological change over the next decades, firms will face problems of finding employees with adequate skills. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, we outline why the German labor market reacted in such a mild fashion, describe current economic trends of the labor market in light of general trends in the European Union, and reveal some of the main associated challenges. Thereafter, the paper analyzes recent reforms of the main institutional settings of the labor market which influence labor supply. Finally, based on the status quo of these institutional settings, the paper gives a brief overview of strategies to combat adequately the challenges in terms of labor supply and to ensure economic growth in the future. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 129 KW - unemployment KW - labor force participation KW - Labor supply KW - benefit systems KW - public policy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435195 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 129 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altenberger, Uwe A1 - Mejia Jimenez, D. M. A1 - Günter, C. A1 - Sierra Rodriguez, G. I. A1 - Scheffler, F. A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland T1 - The Garzn Massif, Colombia-a new ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic complex in the early Neoproterozoic of northern South America JF - Mineralogy and petrology N2 - The Garzn Complex of the Garzn Massif in SW Colombia is composed of the Vergel Granulite Unit (VG) and the Las Margaritas Migmatite Unit (LMM). Previous studies reveal peak temperature conditions for the VG of about 740 A degrees C. The present study considers the remarkable exsolution phenomena in feldspars and pyroxenes and titanium-in-quartz thermometry. Recalculated ternary feldspar compositions indicate temperatures around 900-1,000 A degrees C just at or above the ultra-high temperature-metamorphism (UHTM) boundary of granulites. The calculated temperatures range of exsolved ortho- and clinopyroxenes also supports the existence of an UHTM event. In addition, titanium-in-quartz thermometry points towards ultra-high temperatures. It is the first known UHTM crustal segment in the northern part of South America. Although a mean geothermal gradient of ca 38 A degrees C km(-1) could imply additional heat supply in the lower crust controlling this extreme of peak metamorphism, an alternative model is suggested. The formation of the Vergel Granulite Unit is supposed to be formed in a continental back-arc environment with a thinned and weakened crust behind a magmatic arc (Guapotn-Mancagua Gneiss) followed by collision. In contrast, rocks of the adjacent Las Margaritas Migmatite Unit display "normal" granulite facies temperatures and are formed in a colder lower crust outside the arc, preserved by the Guapotn-Mancagu Gneiss. Back-arc formation was followed by inversion and thickening of the basin. The three units that form the modern-day Garzn Massif, were juxtaposed upon each other during collision (at ca. 1,000 Ma) and exhumation. The collision leading to the deformation of the studied area is part of the Grenville orogeny leading to the amalgamation of Rodinia. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-012-0202-1 SN - 0930-0708 VL - 105 IS - 3-4 SP - 171 EP - 185 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sander, A. A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias T1 - The Galactic WC stars Stellar parameters from spectral analyses indicate a new evolutionary sequence JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. The life cycles of massive stars from the main sequence to their explosion as supernovae or gamma ray bursts are not yet fully clear, and the empirical results from spectral analyses are partly in conflict with current evolutionary models. The spectral analysis of Wolf-Rayet stars requires the detailed modeling of expanding stellar atmospheres in non-LTE. The Galactic WN stars have been comprehensively analyzed with such models of the latest stage of sophistication, while a similarly comprehensive study of the Galactic WC sample remains undone. Aims. We aim to establish the stellar parameters and mass-loss rates of the Galactic WC stars. These data provide the empirical basis of studies of (i) the role of WC stars in the evolution of massive stars, (ii) the wind-driving mechanisms, and (iii) the feedback of WC stars as input to models of the chemical and dynamical evolution of galaxies. Methods. We analyze the nearly complete sample of un-obscured Galactic WC stars, using optical spectra as well as ultraviolet spectra when available. The observations are fitted with theoretical spectra, using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. A large grid of line-blanked models has been established for the range of WC subtypes WC4 - WC8, and smaller grids for the WC9 parameter domain. Both WO stars and WN/WC transit types are also analyzed using special models. Results. Stellar and atmospheric parameters are derived for more than 50 Galactic WC and two WO stars, covering almost the whole Galactic WC population as far as the stars are single, and un-obscured in the visual. In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the WC stars reside between the hydrogen and the helium zero-age main sequences, having luminosities L from 10(4.9) to 10(5.6) L-circle dot. The mass-loss rates scale very tightly with L-0.8. The two WO stars in our sample turn out to be outstandingly hot (approximate to 200 kK) and do not fit into the WC scheme. Conclusions. By comparing the empirical WC positions in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with evolutionary models, and from recent supernova statistics, we conclude that WC stars have evolved from initial masses between 20 solar masses and 45 M-circle dot. In contrast to previous assumptions, it seems that WC stars in general do not descend from the most massive stars. Only the WO stars might stem from progenitors that have been initially more massive than 45 M-circle dot. KW - stars: massive KW - stars: mass-loss KW - stars: Wolf-Rayet KW - stars: evolution KW - stars: atmospheres KW - stars: winds, outflows Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117830 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 540 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - THES A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda T1 - The future sea-level contribution from antartica: projections of solid ice discharge Y1 - 2012 CY - Potsdam ER -