TY - JOUR A1 - Wiebking, Christine A1 - Lin, Chiao-I A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Training intervention effects on cognitive performance and neuronal plasticity — A pilot study JF - Frontiers in Neurology, section Neurorehabilitation N2 - Studies suggest that people suffering from chronic pain may have altered brain plasticity, along with altered functional connectivity between pain-processing brain regions. These may be related to decreased mood and cognitive performance. There is some debate as to whether physical activity combined with behavioral therapy (e.g. cognitive distraction, body scan) may counteract these changes. However, underlying neuronal mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current pilot study with a 3-armed randomized controlled trial design was to examine the effects of sensorimotor training for nonspecific chronic low back pain on (1) cognitive performance; (2) fMRI activity co-fluctuations (functional connectivity) between pain-related brain regions; and (3) the relationship between functional connectivity and subjective variables (pain and depression). Six hundred and sixty two volunteers with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to a unimodal (sensorimotor training), multidisciplinary (sensorimotor training and behavioral therapy) intervention, or to a control group within a multicenter study. A subsample of patients (n = 21) from one study center participated in the pilot study presented here. Measurements were at baseline, during (3 weeks, M2) and after intervention (12 weeks, M4 and 24 weeks, M5). Cognitive performance was measured by the Trail Making Test and functional connectivity by MRI. Pain perception and depression were assessed by the Von Korff questionnaire and the Hospital and Anxiety. Group differences were calculated by univariate and repeated ANOVA measures and Bayesian statistics; correlations by Pearson's r. Change and correlation of functional connection were analyzed within a pooled intervention group (uni-, multidisciplinary group). Results revealed that participants with increased pain intensity at baseline showed higher functional connectivity between pain-related brain areas used as ROIs in this study. Though small sample sizes limit generalization, cognitive performance increased in the multimodal group. Increased functional connectivity was observed in participants with increased pain ratings. Pain ratings and connectivity in pain-related brain regions decreased after the intervention. The results provide preliminary indication that intervention effects can potentially be achieved on the cognitive and neuronal level. The intervention may be suitable for therapy and prevention of non-specific chronic low back pain. KW - chronic back pain KW - sensorimotor training intervention KW - multimodal intervention KW - MRI KW - neuroplasticity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.773813 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frodl, Thomas A1 - Janowitz, Deborah A1 - Schmaal, Lianne A1 - Tozzi, Leonardo A1 - Dobrowolny, Henrik A1 - Stein, Dan J. A1 - Veltman, Dick J. A1 - Wittfeld, Katharina A1 - van Erp, Theo G. M. A1 - Jahanshad, Neda A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Hegenscheid, Katrin A1 - Voelzke, Henry A1 - Lagopoulos, Jim A1 - Hatton, Sean N. A1 - Hickie, Ian B. A1 - Frey, Eva Maria A1 - Carballedo, Angela A1 - Brooks, Samantha J. A1 - Vuletic, Daniella A1 - Uhlmann, Anne A1 - Veer, Ilya M. A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Schnell, Knut A1 - Grotegerd, Dominik A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Kugel, Harald A1 - Schramm, Elisabeth A1 - Konrad, Carsten A1 - Zurowski, Bartosz A1 - Baune, Bernhard T. A1 - van der Wee, Nic J. A. A1 - van Tol, Marie-Jose A1 - Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. A1 - Thompson, Paul M. A1 - Hibar, Derrek P. A1 - Dannlowski, Udo A1 - Grabe, Hans J. T1 - Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression JF - Journal of psychiatric research N2 - Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - Depression KW - Childhood adversity KW - MRI KW - Caudate KW - Hippocampus KW - ENIGMA Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.010 SN - 0022-3956 SN - 1879-1379 VL - 86 SP - 58 EP - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER -