TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Bernd T1 - William Hiscott. Saul Ascher. Berliner Aufklärer. Eine philosophiehistorische Darstellung / [rezensiert von] Bernd Fischer JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417952 SP - 252 EP - 256 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riemer, Nathanael T1 - Wei Zhuang: Erinnerungskulturen des jüdischen Exils in Shanghai (1933–1950). Plurimedialität und Transkulturalität / rezensiert von Nathanael Riemer JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - Rezensiertes Werk: Wei Zhuang: Erinnerungskulturen des jüdischen Exils in Shanghai (1933–1950). Plurimedialität und Transkulturalität. Berlin: LIT Verlag 2015, 286 S. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408844 VL - 2017 IS - 23 SP - 241 EP - 244 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Christopher L. T1 - Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun BT - Japan and the Jews During the Holocaust Era JF - Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2018.0044 SN - 0882-8539 SN - 1534-5165 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 195 EP - 204 PB - Purdue University Press CY - West Lafayette ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Syed, Moin A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Svensson, Ylva T1 - Toward a new understanding of ethnic-racial settings for ethnic-racial identity development JF - Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence N2 - The purpose of this conceptual article is to advance theory and research on one critical aspect of the context of ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development: ethnic–racial settings, or the objective and subjective nature of group representation within an individual's context. We present a new conceptual framework that consists of four dimensions: (1) perspective (that settings can be understood in both objective and subjective terms); (2) differentiation (how groups are defined in a setting); (3) heterogeneity (the range of groups in a setting); and (4) proximity (the distance between the individual and the setting). Clarifying this complexity is crucial for advancing a more coherent understanding of how ethnic–racial settings are related to ERI development. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12387 SN - 1050-8392 SN - 1532-7795 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 262 EP - 276 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heidbach, Oliver A1 - Rajabi, Mojtaba A1 - Cui, Xiaofeng A1 - Fuchs, Karl A1 - Mueller, Birgit A1 - Reinecker, John A1 - Reiter, Karsten A1 - Tingay, Mark A1 - Wenzel, Friedemann A1 - Xie, Furen A1 - Ziegler, Moritz O. A1 - Zoback, Mary-Lou A1 - Zoback, Mark T1 - The World Stress Map database release 2016 BT - Crustal stress pattern across scales JF - Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth N2 - Knowledge of the present-day crustal in-situ stress field is a key for the understanding of geodynamic processes such as global plate tectonics and earthquakes. It is also essential for the management of geo-reservoirs and underground storage sites for energy and waste. Since 1986, the World Stress Map (WSM) project has systematically compiled the orientation of maximum horizontal stress (S-Hmax). For the 30th anniversary of the project, the WSM database has been updated significantly with 42,870 data records which is double the amount of data in comparison to the database release in 2008. The update focuses on areas with previously sparse data coverage to resolve the stress pattern on different spatial scales. In this paper, we present details of the new WSM database release 2016 and an analysis of global and regional stress pattern. With the higher data density, we can now resolve stress pattern heterogeneities from plate-wide to local scales. In particular, we show two examples of 40 degrees-60 degrees S-Hmax rotations within 70 km. These rotations can be used as proxies to better understand the relative importance of plate boundary forces that control the long wave-length pattern in comparison to regional and local controls of the crustal stress state. In the new WSM project phase IV that started in 2017, we will continue to further refine the information on the S-Hmax orientation and the stress regime. However, we will also focus on the compilation of stress magnitude data as this information is essential for the calibration of geomechanical-numerical models. This enables us to derive a 3-D continuous description of the stress tensor from point-wise and incomplete stress tensor information provided with the WSM database. Such forward models are required for safety aspects of anthropogenic activities in the underground and for a better understanding of tectonic processes such as the earthquake cycle. KW - Tectonic stress KW - Database KW - Stress tensor KW - Geomechanical modelling Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.07.007 SN - 0040-1951 SN - 1879-3266 VL - 744 SP - 484 EP - 498 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Postolica, Roxana A1 - Iorga, Magdalena A1 - Savin, Mihaela A1 - Azoicai, Doina A1 - Enea, Violeta T1 - The utility of Leventhal’s model in the analysis of the psycho-behavioral implications of familial cancer BT - a literature review JF - Archives of Medical Science N2 - Introduction: We aim to highlight the utility of this model in the analysis of the psycho-behavioral implications of family cancer, presenting the scientific literature that used Leventhal’s model as the theoretical framework of approach. Material and methods: A systematic search was performed in six databases (EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science) with empirical studies published between 2006 and 2015 in English with regard to the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSMR) and familial/hereditary cancer. The key words used were: illness representations, common sense model, self regulatory model, familial/hereditary/genetic cancer, genetic cancer counseling. The selection of studies followed the PRISMA-P guidelines (Moher et al., 2009; Shamseer et al., 2015), which suggest a three-stage procedure. Results: Individuals create their own cognitive and emotional representation of the disease when their health is threatened, being influenced by the presence of a family history of cancer, causing them to adopt or not a salutogenetic behavior. Disease representations, particularly the cognitive ones, can be predictors of responses to health threats that determine different health behaviors. Age, family history of cancer, and worrying about the disease are factors associated with undergoing screening. No consensus has been reached as to which factors act as predictors of compliance with cancer screening programs. Conclusions: This model can generate interventions that are conceptually clear as well as useful in regulating the individuals’ behaviors by reducing the risk of developing the disease and by managing as favorably as possible health and/or disease. KW - representation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2016.63149 SN - 1734-1922 SN - 1896-9151 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 1144 EP - 1154 PB - Termedia publishing house LTD CY - Poznan ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Markus A1 - Rosenberger, Elke T1 - The tunneling effect for a class of difference operators JF - Reviews in Mathematical Physics N2 - We analyze a general class of self-adjoint difference operators H-epsilon = T-epsilon + V-epsilon on l(2)((epsilon Z)(d)), where V-epsilon is a multi-well potential and v(epsilon) is a small parameter. We give a coherent review of our results on tunneling up to new sharp results on the level of complete asymptotic expansions (see [30-35]). Our emphasis is on general ideas and strategy, possibly of interest for a broader range of readers, and less on detailed mathematical proofs. The wells are decoupled by introducing certain Dirichlet operators on regions containing only one potential well. Then the eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian H-epsilon is treated as a small perturbation of these comparison problems. After constructing a Finslerian distance d induced by H-epsilon, we show that Dirichlet eigenfunctions decay exponentially with a rate controlled by this distance to the well. It follows with microlocal techniques that the first n eigenvalues of H-epsilon converge to the first n eigenvalues of the direct sum of harmonic oscillators on R-d located at several wells. In a neighborhood of one well, we construct formal asymptotic expansions of WKB-type for eigenfunctions associated with the low-lying eigenvalues of H-epsilon. These are obtained from eigenfunctions or quasimodes for the operator H-epsilon acting on L-2(R-d), via restriction to the lattice (epsilon Z)(d). Tunneling is then described by a certain interaction matrix, similar to the analysis for the Schrodinger operator (see [22]), the remainder is exponentially small and roughly quadratic compared with the interaction matrix. We give weighted l(2)-estimates for the difference of eigenfunctions of Dirichlet-operators in neighborhoods of the different wells and the associated WKB-expansions at the wells. In the last step, we derive full asymptotic expansions for interactions between two "wells" (minima) of the potential energy, in particular for the discrete tunneling effect. Here we essentially use analysis on phase space, complexified in the momentum variable. These results are as sharp as the classical results for the Schrodinger operator in [22]. KW - Semiclassical difference operator KW - tunneling KW - interaction matrix KW - asymptotic expansion KW - multi-well potential KW - Finsler distance KW - Agmon estimates Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X18300029 SN - 0129-055X SN - 1793-6659 VL - 30 IS - 4 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shoaee, Safa A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - The Role of Mobility on Charge Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer-Based Solar Cells JF - dvanced energy materials N2 - Organic semiconductors are of great interest for a broad range of optoelectronic applications due to their solution processability, chemical tunability, highly scalable fabrication, and mechanical flexibility. In contrast to traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors are intrinsically disordered systems and therefore exhibit much lower charge carrier mobilities-the Achilles heel of organic photovoltaic cells. In this progress review, the authors discuss recent important developments on the impact of charge carrier mobility on the charge transfer state dissociation, and the interplay of free charge extraction and recombination. By comparing the mobilities on different timescales obtained by different techniques, the authors highlight the dispersive nature of these materials and how this reflects on the key processes defining the efficiency of organic photovoltaics. KW - charge generation KW - charge recombination KW - extraction KW - mobility KW - organic solar cells KW - polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703355 SN - 1614-6832 SN - 1614-6840 VL - 8 IS - 28 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krupkova, Olga A1 - Smolders, Lucas A1 - Würtz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Cook, James A1 - Pozzi, Antonio T1 - The pathobiology of the meniscus BT - a comparison between the human and dog JF - Frontiers in veterinary science N2 - Serious knee pain and related disability have an annual prevalence of approximately 25% on those over the age of 55 years. As curative treatments for the common knee problems are not available to date, knee pathologies typically progress and often lead to osteoarthritis (OA). While the roles that the meniscus plays in knee biomechanics are well characterized, biological mechanisms underlying meniscus pathophysiology and roles in knee pain and OA progression are not fully clear. Experimental treatments for knee disorders that are successful in animal models often produce unsatisfactory results in humans due to species differences or the inability to fully replicate disease progression in experimental animals. The use of animals with spontaneous knee pathologies, such as dogs, can significantly help addressing this issue. As microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the canine and human menisci are similar, spontaneous meniscal pathologies in canine patients are thought to be highly relevant for translational medicine. However, it is not clear whether the biomolecular mechanisms of pain, degradation of extracellular matrix, and inflammatory responses are species dependent. The aims of this review are (1) to provide an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the human and canine meniscus, (2) to compare the known signaling pathways involved in spontaneous meniscus pathology between both species, and (3) to assess the relevance of dogs with spontaneous meniscal pathology as a translational model. Understanding these mechanisms in human and canine meniscus can help to advance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for painful knee disorders and improve clinical decision making. KW - meniscus KW - inflammation KW - oxidative stress KW - pain KW - dog Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00073 SN - 2297-1769 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paolini, Alessio A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim T1 - The mechanobiology of zebrafish cardiac valve leaflet formation JF - Current opinion in cell biology : review articles, recommended reading, bibliography of the world literature N2 - Over a lifetime, rhythmic contractions of the heart provide a continuous flow of blood throughout the body. An essential morphogenetic process during cardiac development which ensures unidirectional blood flow is the formation of cardiac valves. These structures are largely composed of extracellular matrix and of endocardial cells, a specialized population of endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart and that are subjected to changing hemodynamic forces. Recent studies have significantly expanded our understanding of this morphogenetic process. They highlight the importance of the mechanobiology of cardiac valve formation and show how biophysical forces due to blood flow drive biochemical and electrical signaling required for the differentiation of cells to produce cardiac valves. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.007 SN - 0955-0674 SN - 1879-0410 VL - 55 SP - 52 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaebler, Martijn A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - The effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on physical fitness and athletic performance in Youth BT - a systematic review and Meta-Analysis JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Combining training of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness within a training cycle could increase athletic performance more than single-mode training. However, the physiological effects produced by each training modality could also interfere with each other, improving athletic performance less than single-mode training. Because anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical differences between young and adult athletes can affect the responses to exercise training, young athletes might respond differently to concurrent training (CT) compared with adults. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on selected physical fitness components and athletic performance in youth. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 886 records. The studies included in the analyses examined children (girls age 6-11 years, boys age 6-13 years) or adolescents (girls age 12-18 years, boys age 14-18 years), compared CT with single-mode endurance (ET) or strength training (ST), and reported at least one strength/power-(e.g., jump height), endurance-(e.g., peak. VO2, exercise economy), or performance-related (e.g., time trial) outcome. We calculated weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs). CT compared to ET produced small effects in favor of CT on athletic performance (n = 11 studies, SMD = 0.41, p = 0.04) and trivial effects on cardiorespiratory endurance (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.04, p = 0.86) and exercise economy (n = 5 studies, SMD = 0.16, p = 0.49) in young athletes. A sub-analysis of chronological age revealed a trend toward larger effects of CT vs. ET on athletic performance in adolescents (SMD = 0.52) compared with children (SMD = 0.17). CT compared with ST had small effects in favor of CT on muscle power (n = 4 studies, SMD = 0.23, p = 0.04). In conclusion, CT is more effective than single-mode ET or ST in improving selected measures of physical fitness and athletic performance in youth. Specifically, CT compared with ET improved athletic performance in children and particularly adolescents. Finally, CT was more effective than ST in improving muscle power in youth. KW - child KW - adolescent KW - muscle strength KW - cardiorespiratory fitness KW - physical conditioning human KW - resistance training KW - youth sports Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01057 SN - 1664-042X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Kipp, Anna P. A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Meyer, Soeren A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements JF - Trends in Analytical Chemistry N2 - Nowadays, the role of trace elements (TE) is of growing interest because dyshomeostasis of selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) is supposed to be a risk factor for several diseases. Thereby, research focuses on identifying new biomarkers for the TE status to allow for a more reliable description of the individual TE and health status. This review mirrors a lack of well-defined, sensitive, and selective biomarkers and summarizes technical limitations to measure them. Thus, the capacity to assess the relationship between dietary TE intake, homeostasis, and health is restricted, which would otherwise provide the basis to define adequate intake levels of single TE in both healthy and diseased humans. Besides that, our knowledge is even more limited with respect to the real life situation of combined TE intake and putative interactions between single TE. KW - Trace elements KW - Copper KW - Zinc KW - Manganese KW - Selenium KW - Biomarker KW - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KW - Hyphenated techniques KW - Isotope ratios Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007 SN - 0165-9936 SN - 1879-3142 VL - 104 SP - 183 EP - 190 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hetenyi, Gyorgy A1 - Molinari, Irene A1 - Clinton, John A1 - Bokelmann, Gotz A1 - Bondar, Istvan A1 - Crawford, Wayne C. A1 - Dessa, Jean-Xavier A1 - Doubre, Cecile A1 - Friederich, Wolfgang A1 - Fuchs, Florian A1 - Giardini, Domenico A1 - Graczer, Zoltan A1 - Handy, Mark R. A1 - Herak, Marijan A1 - Jia, Yan A1 - Kissling, Edi A1 - Kopp, Heidrun A1 - Korn, Michael A1 - Margheriti, Lucia A1 - Meier, Thomas A1 - Mucciarelli, Marco A1 - Paul, Anne A1 - Pesaresi, Damiano A1 - Piromallo, Claudia A1 - Plenefisch, Thomas A1 - Plomerova, Jaroslava A1 - Ritter, Joachim A1 - Rumpker, Georg A1 - Sipka, Vesna A1 - Spallarossa, Daniele A1 - Thomas, Christine A1 - Tilmann, Frederik A1 - Wassermann, Joachim A1 - Weber, Michael A1 - Weber, Zoltan A1 - Wesztergom, Viktor A1 - Zivcic, Mladen A1 - Abreu, Rafael A1 - Allegretti, Ivo A1 - Apoloner, Maria-Theresia A1 - Aubert, Coralie A1 - Besancon, Simon A1 - de Berc, Maxime Bes A1 - Brunel, Didier A1 - Capello, Marco A1 - Carman, Martina A1 - Cavaliere, Adriano A1 - Cheze, Jerome A1 - Chiarabba, Claudio A1 - Cougoulat, Glenn A1 - Cristiano, Luigia A1 - Czifra, Tibor A1 - Danesi, Stefania A1 - Daniel, Romuald A1 - Dannowski, Anke A1 - Dasovic, Iva A1 - Deschamps, Anne A1 - Egdorf, Sven A1 - Fiket, Tomislav A1 - Fischer, Kasper A1 - Funke, Sigward A1 - Govoni, Aladino A1 - Groschl, Gidera A1 - Heimers, Stefan A1 - Heit, Ben A1 - Herak, Davorka A1 - Huber, Johann A1 - Jaric, Dejan A1 - Jedlicka, Petr A1 - Jund, Helene A1 - Klingen, Stefan A1 - Klotz, Bernhard A1 - Kolinsky, Petr A1 - Kotek, Josef A1 - Kuhne, Lothar A1 - Kuk, Kreso A1 - Lange, Dietrich A1 - Loos, Jurgen A1 - Lovati, Sara A1 - Malengros, Deny A1 - Maron, Christophe A1 - Martin, Xavier A1 - Massa, Marco A1 - Mazzarini, Francesco A1 - Metral, Laurent A1 - Moretti, Milena A1 - Munzarova, Helena A1 - Nardi, Anna A1 - Pahor, Jurij A1 - Pequegnat, Catherine A1 - Petersen, Florian A1 - Piccinini, Davide A1 - Pondrelli, Silvia A1 - Prevolnik, Snjezan A1 - Racine, Roman A1 - Regnier, Marc A1 - Reiss, Miriam A1 - Salimbeni, Simone A1 - Santulin, Marco A1 - Scherer, Werner A1 - Schippkus, Sven A1 - Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef A1 - Solarino, Stefano A1 - Spieker, Kathrin A1 - Stipcevic, Josip A1 - Strollo, Angelo A1 - Sule, Balint A1 - Szanyi, Gyongyver A1 - Szucs, Eszter A1 - Thorwart, Martin A1 - Ueding, Stefan A1 - Vallocchia, Massimiliano A1 - Vecsey, Ludek A1 - Voigt, Rene A1 - Weidle, Christian A1 - Weyland, Gauthier A1 - Wiemer, Stefan A1 - Wolf, Felix A1 - Wolyniec, David A1 - Zieke, Thomas T1 - The AlpArray seismic network BT - a large-scale european experiment to image the alpine orogen JF - Surveys in Geophysics N2 - The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps-Apennines-Carpathians-Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth. KW - Seismology KW - Alps KW - Seismic network KW - Geodynamics KW - Seismic imaging KW - Mountain building Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9472-4 SN - 0169-3298 SN - 1573-0956 VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 1009 EP - 1033 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewandowsky, Stephan A1 - Cowtan, Kevin A1 - Risbey, James S. A1 - Mann, Michael E. A1 - Steinman, Byron A. A1 - Oreskes, Naomi A1 - Rahmstorf, Stefan T1 - The 'pause' in global warming in historical context BT - (II). comparing models to observations JF - Environmental research letters N2 - We review the evidence for a putative early 21st-century divergence between global mean surface temperature (GMST) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) projections. We provide a systematic comparison between temperatures and projections using historical versions of GMST products and historical versions of model projections that existed at the times when claims about a divergence were made. The comparisons are conducted with a variety of statistical techniques that correct for problems in previous work, including using continuous trends and a Monte Carlo approach to simulate internal variability. The results show that there is no robust statistical evidence for a divergence between models and observations. The impression of a divergence early in the 21st century was caused by various biases in model interpretation and in the observations, and was unsupported by robust statistics. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf372 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 13 IS - 12 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero-Lopez, Carolina A1 - del Papa, Cecilia A1 - Hongn, Fernando D. A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Aramayo, Alejandro T1 - Synsedimentary broken-foreland tectonics during the Paleogene in the Andes of NW Argentine BT - new evidence from regional to centimetre-scale deformation features JF - Basin research N2 - Unravelling the spatiotemporal evolution of the Cenozoic Andean (Altiplano-Puna) plateau has been one of the most intriguing problems of South American geology. Despite a number of investigations, the early deformation and uplift history of this area remained largely enigmatic. This paper analyses the Paleogene tectono-sedimentary history of the Casa Grande Basin, in the present-day transition zone between the northern sector of the Puna Plateau and the northern part of the Argentine Eastern Cordillera. Our detailed mapping of synsedimentary structures records the onset of regional contractional deformation during the middle Eocene, revealing reactivation of Cretaceous extensional structures and the development of doubly vergent thrusts. This is in agreement with records from other southern parts of the Puna Plateau and the Eastern Cordillera. These observations indicate the existence of an Eocene broken foreland setting within the region, characterized by low-lying compressional basins and ranges with spatially disparate sectors of deformation, which was subsequently subjected to regional uplift resulting in the attainment of present-day elevations during the Neogene. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12212 SN - 0950-091X SN - 1365-2117 VL - 30 SP - 142 EP - 159 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Bogin, Barry A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Stunting, starvation and refeeding BT - a review of forgotten 19th and early 20th century literature JF - Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child N2 - Aim: To scrutinize to what extent modern ideas about nutrition effects on growth are supported by historic observations in European populations. Method: We reviewed 19th and early 20th century paediatric journals in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, the third largest European library with an almost complete collection of the German medical literature. During a three-day visit, we inspected 15 bookshelf meters of literature not available in electronic format. Results: Late 19th and early 20th century breastfed European infants and children, independent of social strata, grew far below World Health Organisation (WHO) standards and 15-30% of adequately-fed children would be classified as stunted by the WHO standards. Historic sources indicate that growth in height is largely independent of the extent and nature of the diet. Height catch-up after starvation was greater than catch-up reported in modern nutrition intervention studies, and allowed for unimpaired adult height. Conclusion: Historical studies are indispensable to understand why stunting does not equate with undernutrition and why modern diet interventions frequently fail to prevent stunting. Appropriateness and effect size of modern nutrition interventions on growth need revision. KW - Child growth KW - Historic literature KW - Refeeding KW - Stunting KW - Undernutrition Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14311 SN - 0803-5253 SN - 1651-2227 VL - 107 IS - 7 SP - 1166 EP - 1176 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Ay, Destina Sevde A1 - Otterbeck, Mara Jasmin A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Standardized Patients in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy BT - a Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators for Implementation JF - Academic psychiatry N2 - ObjectivesThe use of simulated and standardized patients (SP) is widely accepted in the medical field and, from there, is beginning to disseminate into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was therefore to systematically review barriers and facilitators that should be considered in the implementation of SP interventions specific to clinical psychology and psychotherapy.MethodsFollowing current guidelines, a scoping review was conducted. The literature search focused on the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, including Dissertation Abstracts International. After screening for titles and abstracts, full texts were screened independently and in duplicate according to our inclusion criteria. For data extraction, a pre-defined form was piloted and used. Units of meaning with respect to barriers and facilitators were extracted and categorized inductively using content-analysis techniques. From the results, a matrix of interconnections and a network graph were compiled.ResultsThe 41 included publications were mainly in the fields of psychiatry and mental health nursing, as well as in training and education. The detailed category system contrasts four supercategories, i.e., which organizational and economic aspects to consider, which persons to include as eligible SPs, how to develop adequate scenarios, and how to authentically and consistently portray mental health patients.ConclusionsPublications focused especially on the interrelation between authenticity and consistency of portrayals, on how to evoke empathy in learners, and on economic and training aspects. A variety of recommendations for implementing SP programs, from planning to training, monitoring, and debriefing, is provided, for example, ethical screening of and ongoing support for SPs. KW - Standardized patients KW - Simulated patients KW - Systematic review KW - Psychotherapy research Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-018-0886-6 SN - 1042-9670 SN - 1545-7230 VL - 42 IS - 6 SP - 773 EP - 781 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Katrin Anne A1 - Riethmueller, Joachim A1 - Seitz, Aaron P. A1 - Gardner, Aaron A1 - Boudreau, Ryan A1 - Kamler, Markus A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Schuchman, Edward A1 - Caldwell, Charles C. A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Grassme, Heike A1 - Brodlie, Malcolm A1 - Gulbins, Erich T1 - Sphingolipids as targets for inhalation treatment of cystic fibrosis JF - Advanced drug delivery reviews N2 - Studies over the past several years have demonstrated the important role of sphingolipids in cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute lung injury. Ceramide is increased in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages of CF mice and humans, while sphingosine is dramatically decreased. This increase in ceramide results in chronic inflammation, increased death of epithelial cells, release of DNA into the bronchial lumen and thereby an impairment of mucociliary clearance; while the lack of sphingosine in airway epithelial cells causes high infection susceptibility in CF mice and possibly patients. The increase in ceramide mediates an ectopic expression of beta 1-integrins in the luminal membrane of CF epithelial cells, which results, via an unknown mechanism, in a down-regulation of acid ceramidase. It is predominantly this down-regulation of acid ceramidase that results in the imbalance of ceramide and sphingosine in CF cells. Correction of ceramide and sphingosine levels can be achieved by inhalation of functional acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors, recombinant acid ceramidase or by normalization of beta 1-integrin expression and subsequent re-expression of endogenous acid ceramidase. These treatments correct pulmonary inflammation and prevent or treat, respectively, acute and chronic pulmonary infections in CF mice with Staphylococcus aureus and mucoid or non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhalation of sphingosine corrects sphingosine levels only and seems to mainly act against the infection. Many antidepressants are functional inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase and were designed for systemic treatment of major depression. These drugs could be repurposed to treat CF by inhalation. KW - Ceramide KW - Acid sphingomyelinase KW - Cystic fibrosis KW - COPD KW - Inhalation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.015 SN - 0169-409X SN - 1872-8294 VL - 133 SP - 66 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockhorst, Stefanie T1 - so wollen wir singen und loben deine Macht BT - Literatur- und sprachwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zur religiösen Lyrik in der Frühen Neuzeit JF - Daphnis : Zeitschrift für mittlere deutsche Literatur Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04601007 SN - 0300-693X SN - 1879-6583 VL - 46 IS - 1-2 SP - 335 EP - 338 PB - Brill Rodopi CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thulin, Mirjam T1 - Sammelrezension der Reihe Andrew Bush / Deborah Dash Moore / Macdonald Moore, Hrsg.: Key Words in Jewish Studies, New Brunswick u. a.: Rutgers University Press, 2011 / rezensiert von Mirjam Thulin JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - Rezensierte Werke: Sammelrezension der Reihe Andrew Bush / Deborah Dash Moore / Macdonald Moore, Hrsg.: Key Words in Jewish Studies, New Brunswick u. a.: Rutgers University Press, 2011, je ca. 150–230 S. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409177 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 248 EP - 254 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spahn, Hannah T1 - Rezension zu: Valsania, Maurizio: Jefferson’s Body: a Corporeal Biography. - Charlottesville : University of Virginia Press, 2017. - xi, 266 S. JF - American Political Thought Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/698488 SN - 2161-1580 SN - 2161-1599 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 514 EP - 517 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike T1 - Rezension zu: Roehrs, Dorian ; Sapp, Christopher: Quantifying expressions in the history of German: Syntactic reanalysis and morphological change. - Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2016. - 299 S. - . ISBN 978-9-02725-713-0 JF - Language : journal of the Linguistic Society of America Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2018.0009 SN - 0097-8507 SN - 1535-0665 VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 228 EP - 231 PB - Linguistic Society of America CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike T1 - Rezension zu: Mühling, Christian: Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679–1714) : konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV. - Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. - 587 S. - ISBN 978-3-525-31054-0 JF - Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-515-12876-6 SN - 1438-4485 IS - 22 SP - 158 EP - 159 PB - Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - Rezension zu: Murray, Sarah, E.: The Semantics of Evidentials, Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2017. - (Oxford Studies in Semantics and Pragmatics ; 9). - ISBN 978-0-19-968157-0, ISBN 978-0-19-968158-7 JF - Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.12.006 SN - 0378-2166 SN - 1879-1387 VL - 140 SP - 156 EP - 159 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapp, Christoph A1 - Schneider, Ulrike T1 - Rezension zu: Mueller, Agnes: Die Unfähigkeit zu lieben. Juden und Antisemitismus in der Gegenwartsliteratur. - Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2017. - 209 S. - ISBN 978-3-8260-6012-0 JF - Weimarer Beiträge : Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft, Ästhetik und Kulturwissenschaften Y1 - 2018 SN - 0043-2199 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 477 EP - 480 PB - Passagen-Verl. CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - Rezension zu: Moegling, Klaus: Kultureller Transfer und Bildungsinnovation: Wie Schulen die nächste Generation auf die Zukunft der Globalisierung vorbereiten können. - Immenhausen: Prolog-Verlag, 2017, 872 S. - ISBN: 978-3-93457-593-6 JF - Zeitschrift für Pädagogik Y1 - 2018 SN - 0044-3247 VL - 64 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 279 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Stefanie T1 - Rezension zu: Langenthaler, Ernst: Battlefields: Everyday Business in the National Socialist Agrarian Society, 1938-1945. - Vienna : Böhlau Verlag, 2016. - 940 S. - (Sozial- und wirtschaftshistorische Studien, 38) JF - The American historical review T2 - Rezension zu: Langthaler, Ernst: Schlachtfelder: Alltägliches Wirtschaften in der nationalsozialistischen Agrargesellschaft, 1938–1945. - Vienna : Böhlau Verlag, 2016. - 940 S. - (Sozial- und wirtschaftshistorische Studien, 38) Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.3.1038 SN - 0002-8762 SN - 1937-5239 VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 1038 EP - 1039 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peitsch, Helmut T1 - Rezension zu: Korbb, Florian: Vorkoloniale Afrika-Penetrationen. Diskursive Vorstöße ins ,,Herz des großen Continents“ in der deutschen Reiseliteratur (ca. 1850–1890). - Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2017 T1 - Rezension zu: Korbb, Florian: Pre-colonial Africa Penetrations. Discursive Violations into the "Heart of the Great Continent" in German Travel Literature (approx. 1850- 1890). - Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2017 JF - Monatshefte Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3368/m.110.3.465 SN - 0026-9271 SN - 1934-2810 VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 465 EP - 468 PB - UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS CY - Madison ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebke, Thomas T1 - Rezension zu: Kelm, Holden: Hegel und Foucault. Die Geschichtlichkeit des Wissens als Entwicklung und Transformation. - Berlin: de Gruyter, 2015. - VIII, 455 S. - ISBN: 978-3-11-040092-2 JF - Hegel-Studien Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-7873-3470-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.28937/978-3-7873-3470-4 SN - 0073-1587 VL - 51 SP - 242 EP - 247 PB - Felix Meiner Verlag CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Rezension zu: Gusti, Maria Teresa: The Russia campaign 1941-1943. - Bologna: Il Molino, 2016. - 392 S. (Biblioteca storica). - ISBN: 978-88-15-26648-4 JF - Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift N2 - Die Operationen des italienischen Heeres an der Ostfront bleiben auch 70 Jahre nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges ein weitgehend unerschlossenes Forschungsfeld. So sind sowohl der Einsatz der 62 000 Mann des Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia (CSIR) seit August 1941 als auch die nachfolgenden Operationen der auf 229 000 Soldaten aufgestockten Armata Italiana in Russia (ARMIR, oder auch 8. Armee) zur Sicherung des Don während der Schlacht um Stalingrad recht unbekannt geblieben. Eine wegweisende Studie von Thomas Schlemmer konnte vor zehn Jahren erste Impulse geben, die allerdings von der Forschung nicht vollends aufgenommen oder weiterentwickelt wurden. So dominiert neben den offiziellen Werken des italienischen Militärs vor allem die Memoirenliteratur weiterhin das Forschungsfeld und die Erzählmuster. Nun hat Maria Teresa Giusti im renommierten Il Mulino Verlag eine Gesamtdarstellung vorgelegt. Dass Giusti Primärquellen aus italienischen und russischen Archiven verwendet, ist vor dem Hintergrund der italienischen Wissenschaftspraxis und des schwierigen Archivzugangs besonders anerkennenswert. Ihre Archivarbeit in Moskau – und die umfassende Heranziehung der russischen Sekundärliteratur – sind sicherlich ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal. Zudem hat Giusti bereits viel beachtete Werke zu den italienischen Kriegsgefangenen in sowjetischer Hand und der Besatzungszeit auf dem Balkan vorgelegt. Giustis Buch erhebt den Anspruch, eine Gesamtdarstellung des »Krieges im Osten« zu bieten. Beginn und Ende des Werkes erfüllen dies jedoch nicht umfassend: Die Einleitung enthält keinen Abriss des Forschungsstandes und wirkt oft zerfahren. Gut ein Drittel der gesamten Arbeit wird dazu verwendet, die Vorgeschichte des Ostkrieges zu erklären – ohne Berücksichtigung der hinlänglich bekannten Standardwerke oder Debatten. Die »Conclusio« ist eher ein Epilog, als dass sie eine Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse bietet. Auch die übrigen Kapitel sind teilweise kleinteilig und sorgen mitunter für Irrungen und Wirrungen: So wird nach der Beschreibung des CSIR-Aufmarsches und der ersten Operationen bis September 1941 ein ausschweifender Abschnitt (20 Seiten) über die Belagerung Leningrads, die gescheiterte Offensive auf Moskau und die US-Hilfen nach dem Lend-Lease Act eingeschoben. Hier überzeugt Giusti durch ihre weitreichenden Kenntnisse der russischen Perspektive. Doch ein Problem des Buches bleibt: Es wird selten deutlich, was das eigentliche Kernthema oder die Kernthesen sind. Die italienische Armee an der Ostfront? Die deutsche Idee des Lebensraums? Stalins Herrschaft in der Sowjetunion? Da ein Spagat zwischen allen Themenfeldern nicht gelingt, kann Giustis Darstellung nicht in allen Punkten überzeugen. Giusti vergleicht ausführlich das italienische und deutsche Okkupationsmodell: Während Mussolinis Konzept des spazio vitale eine Kooptierung der lokalen Bevölkerung, »humane« Behandlung durch den »Zivilisierenden« und daher keine »barbarische« Bestrafungen vorgesehen habe, wird Hitlers Idee des Lebensraums als Gegenentwurf skizziert, der zu den Massenverbrechen und einer fundamental unterschiedlichen Haltung der Wehrmacht in den besetzten Gebieten führte. Eine Differenzierung der Wehrmachtverbrechen sowie anderer deutscher Behörden unterbleibt. Giusti führt das Verhalten der Wehrmachtsoldaten – auf Omer Bartov Bezug nehmend – auf deren Beeinflussung durch die NS-Ideologie und ‑propaganda zurück und stellt dem den wenig politischen und nicht »fanatisierten« Einsatz der Italiener gegenüber. Dieser Teil des Buches wird wohl besonders und speziell in Deutschland zu einigen Debatten führen. Die Heranziehung der neueren italienischen Forschungsliteratur zur Besatzung am Don stützt allerdings Giustis Thesen einer weniger brutal ausgeprägten italienischen Besatzungsherrschaft. Das Verhältnis zum deutschen Bündnispartner wird entlang der gängigen Erklärungsmustern dargestellt. Italienische Quellen aus der Nachkriegszeit, die auf mangelnde Unterstützung der deutschen Stellen am Don hinweisen, werden jedoch zu unkritisch übernommen und dies, ohne die Gesamtlage der Ostfront im Winter 1942/43 einzubeziehen. Bei der Analyse von Operationen und den beteiligten Streitkräften fehlt oft die Tiefe. Giusti erklärt kurzerhand, dass es in der italienischen und sowjetischen Armee kein eigenständiges Handeln gegeben habe, da niemand sich traute, Mussolini bzw. Stalin zu widersprechen. Das Durcheinanderwerfen der taktischen, operativen und politischen Ebenen wird dabei ebenso in Kauf genommen, wie das Fehlen einer stringenten Beweisführung für diese Thesen. Neben kleineren Mängeln in militärhistorischen Fragen oder im Umgang mit den Verbündeten (Günther Blumentritt wird ad hoc geadelt, während Friedrich Paulus schon während des Vormarschs an die Wolga als Feldmarschall auftritt) ist zudem das Fehlen von Kartenmaterial als Manko anzusehen. Nur eine sehr grob gefasste Übersicht stellt den Frontverlauf im Winter 1942/43 dar, ansonsten verliert sich die Leserin oder der Leser zwangsläufig in der ukrainischen bzw. russischen Provinz. Zudem erschweren lange Blockzitate den Lesefluss. Häufig führt Giusti Memoiren und Feldpostbriefe als Belege an, ohne quellenkritisch auf mögliche Probleme bei der Auswertung dieser Selbstzeugnisse hinzuweisen. Giustis Werk zeigt, wie viel Forschung zur Geschichte Italiens im Zweiten Weltkrieg noch geleistet werden muss und wie wichtig hierbei der internationale Vergleich und Austausch ist. Ihr Buch stellt einerseits eine wichtige Ergänzung der Forschung dar, wirft aber andererseits viele Fragen für weitere Studien auf: Wie stand es um die Kampfkraft der italienischen Armee jenseits von Klischee und anekdotischer Evidenz? Worin und warum unterschied sich die deutsche und italienische Besatzungspolitik? Wie lässt sich die Ostfront als italienischer Erinnerungsort klassifizieren? Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2018-0127 SN - 2193-2336 SN - 2196-6850 VL - 77 IS - 2 SP - 607 EP - 609 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Degen, Andreas T1 - Rezension zu: Führmann, Franz ; Förster, Wieland: Nun lesen Sie mal schön! Briefwechsel 1968-1984, Eine Auswahl. - Rostock: Hinstorff, 2016. - 320 S. - ISBN 978-3-35602-022-9 JF - Zeitschrift für Germanistik Y1 - 2018 SN - 0323-7982 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 197 EP - 199 PB - Lang CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Rezension zu: DeHanas, Daniel Nilsson: London Youth, Religion, and Politics: Engagement and Activism from Brixton to Brick Lane. - Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2016. - ISBN: 978-019874367-5 JF - The British Journal of Sociology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12361 SN - 0007-1315 SN - 1468-4446 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 876 EP - 877 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumacher, Reinhard T1 - Rezension zu: Dale, Gareth: Karl Polanyi: a life on the left. - New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. - xii, 381 S. - ISBN: 978-0-231-17608-8 JF - Journal of the history of economic thought Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1053837217000220 SN - 1053-8372 SN - 1469-9656 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 296 EP - 298 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Rezension zu: Campbell, Ian: The Addis Ababa Massacre: Italy’s National Shame JF - Journal of Military History Y1 - 2018 SN - 0899-3718 SN - 1543-7795 VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 983 EP - 984 PB - Society Military History CY - Lexington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - Rezension zu: Bednaříková, Božena: Slovo a jeho konverze. - Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci. Filozofická fakulta, 2009. - S. 253. - ISBN 978-80-244-2220-6 JF - Zeitschrift für Slawistik N2 - The book by Božena Bednaříková, Slovo a jeho konverze (‘BSJK’), was originally published in 2009. However, in our view, there has not yet been given a due consideration and certainly not recognition as a genuine new territory of word formation. This is the reason to write a short review in order to give this book the consideration it has by large and far deserved. For in this book, two theoretically interesting working hypotheses are represented and covered by numerous examples of the Czech contemporary language: (i) conversion is the central process (not derivation), and (ii) conversion belongs to morphology and not (just) to word formation. The book is divided into 9 sections. The section 1 (p. 13–14) gives the road map of the book, in section 2 (p. 15–42), the central concern about the position of word as a central unit of morphology (form formation) is established. In this chapter, the traditional views of Czech descriptive and Academic grammars but also manuals and handbooks or teacher’s books for high schools are reviewed. In most of them, word formation is considered being a part of lexicology, and not an integral part of morphology or better form formation. The review serves not only the improvement towards a unifying grammatical terminology in academic circles (university and academy of science) but it should also improve the quality of teaching at elementary and high schools (cf. 2.6., p. 31–42: Školský exkurz). Bednaříková is famous for her leading role as missing link between the Academia and the consumers of grammars. In chapter 3, entitled Návrat slova ‘The return of the word’ (into the Morphology, p. 43–54), arguments in favor of a morphological approach are raised. In this important methodological chapter, the main reasons are given why the word must be a central part of the form formation (morphology/grammar) and not of the lexicology. In addition, key terms such as stem, root and affix are subject to revision. The chapter is very brief, but very precise in its reasoning and arguments, in which the formal teaching is assigned a central supporting role in the context of conversion and transposition. In chapter 4 Slovo jako slovní druh (‘The word as a pars orationis’, p. 55–70), the syntactic function of transposition of one pars orationis to another with the means of conversion is considered. In Chapter 5, the central role of morphology for word formation is analyzed taking as starting point Mel’čuks theory which is understood as the analysis of morphological processes (cf. Mel’čuk, I. 2000. Morphological processes. In G. Booji, Ch. Lehmann, J. Mugdan, & S. Skopeteas (eds.), Morphologie/Morphology. Vol. 1, 523–535. Berlin & New York). The innovative part of the book are without any doubt the chapters 6–9, in which the internal structure of the word is introduced (chapter 6, 79–122), furthermore the part of speech transfer (or PS Transfer) including the conversion (Chapter 7, 123–149), once more the transposition understood as the shift from one part of speech to the other and concentrating on nouns, verbs and adjectives (Chapter 8, 150–201), and, finally, transflexion, “transflexe” (chapter 9, 203–219), which belongs rather to the domain of derivation than to a new type of word formation, and which does not include the transposition from one part of speech to another but rather the transition from one declension class to another. However, it is to be criticized that in some chapters, certain systematics are missing (this is expressed for example in the repetition of the same phenomenon in several places), and the illustrations in the form of derivation trees or the abbreviations are not always transparent and explicitly defined. It took a very long time until I received information about the abbreviation “S”. I would now like to give a short statement concerning the innovative potential and the contribution of the book itself as compared to the western standard on the same topic. At the beginning of the monograph, the author raises the central concerns of her two hypotheses. In her study, she is concerned with the bases of morphemic analysis of word formation and with the function of the syntagma. In view of methodology, two central acts of actualization are, following Mathesius’ terminology, under review: first, the category called “pojmenovávací”, and second, the category called “usouvztažňovací” (cf. also Mathesius, V. 1982. Jazyk, kultura a slovesnost; Daneš, F. 1991.Mathesiova koncepce funkční gramatiky v kontextu dnešní jazykovědy. In SaS 52. 161–174 and Panevová, J. 2010. Kategorie pojmenovávací a usouvztažňovací [Jak František Daneš rozvíjí Viléma Mathesia]. In S. Čmejrková & J. Hoffmannová ad. [eds.], Užívání a prožívání jazyka, 21–26.). Her major concern is thus to establish a missing link between an analysis of word formation and form formation (morphology). Her morphemic analysis of word formation processes wants to “combat traditional school views of word formation as a (mechanical) connection of the root, prefix, and suffix”. Doing so, she analyzes in the book the relationship between transfer, transposition (as change of partes orationis) and conversion (as the operation process serving transposition). In the last chapter 8, BSJK re-introduces and refines the term transflection (BSJK 2009,13). This book is important for its consistent satisfactory treatment of the term conversion as a morphological process in the Czech tradition; still we cannot confirm that in European context, this topic would be “seriously under-researched” (cited from the introduction, Chapter 1, p. 13). The contrary is true, in context of English word formation besides the most influential work by Marchand (Marchand, H. 1996. The categories and types of present-day English word-formation: A synchronic diachronic approach. 2nd ed. München), conversion as the most productive process of word formation has become perhaps the most researched object recently: to mention just a few influential monographs: Martsa, S. 2013. Conversion in English: A Cognitive Semantic Approach. Cambridge; Vogel, P. M. 1996. Wortarten und Wortartenwechsel. Berlin & New York. The word formation called conversion originally comes from analytic languages such as English and French. Especially English is a language in which the derivation of a noun from a verb and vice versa causes a considerable large amount of homonymous forms in the dictionary and of course, this is not just a problem of morphology but especially a problem of any theoretical approach to language acquisition, cognitive semantics or even generative morphosyntax. Thus, in his seminal book, Language Instinct (1995), Steven Pinker argues persuasively that prescriptive grammar rules disallowing, among other things, the sentence-final use of prepositions, the splitting of infinitives and the conversion of nouns to verbs are both useless and nonsensical (371–379). As regards the conversion of nouns to verbs, he says: “[i]n fact the easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English English” (ibidem: 379). To illustrate the easiness characterizing this type of conversion, he lists verbs converted from nouns designating human body parts, some of which are reproduced in (1): (1) head a committee, scalp a missionary, eye a babe, nose around the office, mouth the lyrics, tongue each note on the flute, neck in the back seat, back the candidate, arm the militia, shoulder the burden, elbow your way in, finger the culprit, knuckle under, thumb a ride, belly up to the bar, stomach someone’s complaints, knee the goalie, leg it across the town, foot the bill, toe the line (cf. Pinker, S. 1995. The Language Instinct. New York, 379–380 and Pinker, S. 1996. Language learnability and language development. Cambridge MA) Pinker estimates that approximately a fifth of English verbs originate from nouns, which, as documented extensively in Clark & Clark (Clark, E. V. & H. H. Clark. 1979. When nouns surface as verbs. In Language 55. 767–811), may also have to do with the fact that new or innovative verbs in English arise predominantly from conversion of nouns to verbs. Without questioning the dominance of noun to verb conversion, I shall claim in this review that it is not only the easy conversion of verbs from nouns, but, more broadly, conversion as a word-formation process that makes English English. Consider, for instance, (2) below demonstrating that the easiness of forming conversion verbs equally characterizes, though in a lesser degree, the conversion of nouns from verbs. The expressions given in (2) are modelled on Pinker’s above examples by the seminal work of Sándor Martsa (2013. Conversion in English: A Cognitive Semantic Approach. Cambridge), and they contain nouns converted from verbs designating actions functionally related to different parts of the human body. (2) have your say, give a shout, let out a shriek / a cry, give a talk, take a look at the notes, keep a close watch, down the whisky with a swallow, have a chew on it, have a smell of this cheese, with a smile, the touch of her fingers, Hey! Nice catch! go for a run, it’s worth a go, go for a walk Thus, the major difference between the term konverze as introduced and defended in BSJK (2009, 149) on one hand, and the English type of conversion mostly called “Zero-Derivation” by a zero morpheme (as Marchand 1969 op. cit., has called it) is to be found inside of the two quite different systems of word formation. Czech very rarely allows for pure zero derivation such as demonstrated in the English examples (1)-(2). Despite this major difference, even Czech language being still a highly inflectional language with rich case, number and declension system and agreement, nevertheless more and more allows for similar word formations typical for English with a true zero affixation, e. g. tunnel > to tunnel : Cz tunel > tunelovat and this process is an integral part of the grammar because it includes even the category of verbal aspect deriving also the perfective forms and negated verbs such as nevytunelovalo peníze, ve snaze “politicky korektně” uctít Havlovu památku jednotliví ministři české vlády přislíbili, že přestanou tento stát vykrádat a tunelovat, tedy alespoň do začátku příštího roku; Nové vedení Obce spisovatelů a jeho sekretariát nevytunelovalo peníze Obce spisovatelů, vždyť nebylo ani co tunelovat, naopak zachránilo tuto organizaci před téměř nezvratným koncem (ČNK. Last accessed July 10, 2018). Thus conversion is becoming more and more an important process of word and form formation in the system of Czech word formation and morphology. One critical observation remains to be mentioned: The book is solid but in a certain sense restricted to just functional approaches not considering or even including the important contribution of alternative approaches in formal linguistics. Thus, mainstream generative syntax, based on the theory of government and binding or minimalism (introduced by Noam Chomsky in 1981 and 1995), are not reviewed in this book even though there are many allusions including the important role of syntax for word formation (this is an important demand on any theory of word formation, cf. also Dokulil, M. 1962. K vzájemnému poměru slovotvorby a skladby. In Acta Universitatis Carolinae: SLAVICA PRAGENSIA IV, 369–375. UK, Praha). Most of the recent work devoted to a theoretical approach of minimalism considers conversion as a “syntactic decomposition” based on root semantics (cf. e. g. Borer, H. 2005. In name only: Structuring sense Vol. I. & The normal course of events: Structuring sense Vol. II. Oxford; Harley, H. & R. Noyer. 1999. State-of-the article: Distributed Morphology. In GLOT 4. 3–9; Halle, M. & A. Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In Keyser, S. J. & K. Hale (eds.), The view from Building 20, 111–176. Cambridge.). A recent development in minimalism is the concept of roots and categorial features (cf. Panagiotidis, Ph. 2014. Categorial Features. A Generative Theory of Word Class Categories. Cambridge.). This theory differentiates between so-called true “denominal verbs tape-type verbs” as opposed to those verbs which are “directly derived from a root hammer-type”. The structural differences between them are argued by Panagiotidis (2014: 63) “to account for the idiosyncratic meaning of the latter, as opposed to the predictable and systematic meaning of the former”. The two types are demonstrated under (3) vs. (4) (3) nP vP / \ / \ N HAMMER v xP / \ HAMMER x (Panagiotidis op. cit., 2014: 63) In (3) to the left, the nominalizer head n takes a root complement, nominalizing it syntactically. In the tree to the right, the root h a m m e r is a manner adjunct to an xP (schematically rendered) inside the vP. On the other hand, verbs like tape behave differently. They seem to be truly denominal, formed by converting a noun into a verb, by recategorizing the noun and not by categorizing a root. By hypothesis, the verbalizing head takes as its complement a structure that already contains a noun – that is, an nP in which the root tape has already been nominalized: (4) nP vP / \ / \ N TAPE v xP / \ np. X / \ n TAPE (Panagiotidis 2014:63) As opposed to this approach, the present monograph uses the term “transpozice” (‘transposition’) as the change of parts of speech of different classes by the means of konverze (‘conversion’) (chapter 8, 151–201). We will just mention one typical class or type of such conversions as given under (5) and (6): (5) kapř / \ Kapř í (BSJK,156) (6) výlov [vylovit] / \ vý [vy] lov [lovit] (BSJK, 180) In summary, I would see the great merit of the publication especially in a new view on ancient phenomena. Additionally, the work also excels in a thorough multi-level analysis of conversion, transposition and transflexion, including consideration of morphonological alternations and differences of semantic interpretation by adding or removing a specific onomasiological feature (according to the onomasiological word formation theory of Dokulil, M. 1962. Tvoření slov v češtině. Teorie odvozování slov. Praha.). Above all, I value the book because of its consistent insistence on the role of shaping for conversion as a part of morphology (form formation). I also think that conversion will play an increasingly important role in the further development of the Czech language, both for system external reasons, as a language contact phenomenon for English, but also for system inherent reasons, triggered and flanked by the tendency towards analytism and simplification, and finally the gradual reduction of the complex inflectional system of nouns and verbs. For the theoretical linguist, this book may not be a substitute for word-formation theories such as Marchand, op. cit. (1969) or Dokulil, op. cit. (1962, 1968); but it is a very stimulating and original study in which a more thorough reading could lead to a differentiated view than that given here, showing the differences between a true zero-derivative language such as English based on a more elaborated morpho-syntactic generative theory of root semantics by Panagiotidis (2014) in which the term conversion is very different from that presented in Bednaříkovás book (see Examples 1 and 2), and a derivational language such as Czech with additional affixes and other word-forming means more clearly. The author is to be recommended for bridging the gap with traditional (and, in my view, not negligible) theories and newer views. The work must necessarily have place in every slavist’s and bohemist’s book shelf. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0049 SN - 0044-3506 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 675 EP - 681 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette T1 - Women and Grammar. Grammar in the Area of Conflict of Language, Culture and Society T1 - Rezension zu: Beck-Busse, Gabriele: Grammaire des Dames / Grammatica per le Dame. Grammatik im Spannungsfeld von Sprache, Kultur und Gesellschaft. - Frankfurt a. M./Bern/Brüssel u.a.: Lang, 2014, 416 S. JF - Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur Y1 - 2018 SN - 0044-2747 VL - 128 IS - 1 SP - 72 EP - 74 PB - Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - Rezension zu: A. L. Kalleberg & S. P. Vallas (Eds.): Precarious Work. - United Kingdom : Emerald Publishing, 2018 (Research in the Sociology of Work; 31). - 463 pp. - ISBN 978-1-78743-288-8 JF - Work and occupations : an international sociological journal N2 - Work has become more precarious in recent years. Although this claim is more or less uncontested among social scientists, there are a still many questions that have not yet been conclusively answered. What exactly constitutes precariousness? How should it be operationalized and measured? How does the character of precarious employment vary across organizations, occupations, demographic groups, and countries? The edited volume by Arne Kalleberg and Steven Vallas seeks to provide answers to these and related questions. Sociologists from around the world employed different methodologies in a broad range of economic sectors and countries to identify the origins, manifestations, and consequences of precarious work. The different contributions not only illustrate the great heterogeneity that exists within precarious employment but also point to some central features of precarious work independent of the geographical context in which it occurs. Moreover, they highlight some challenges for the study of precarious work. First, drawing on their earlier work, Kalleberg and Vallas conceptualize precarious employment as work that is characterized by uncertainty and insecurity with regard to pay and the stability of the work arrangement; workers in precarious jobs only have limited access to social benefits and statutory protections and bear the entrepreneurial risk of the employment relationship. This broad definition not only captures various forms of nonstandard employment, such as temporary employment, part-time work, or one-person businesses, but also covers informal workers or workers who are at risk of losing their jobs. Nonetheless, this definition does not seem to be broad enough or specific enough to fit the needs of all types of research and to appropriately capture the multifaceted nature of precarious work. Kiersztyn, for example, shows the necessity to distinguish between objective and subjective insecurities when measuring precarious work. Likewise, Rogan et al. point out that the concept of “precarious employment” has little resonance in the developing world, where most of the workforce is at or near poverty and informal work is the default employment type. Second, the book repeatedly illustrates that the increase in precarious work can be attributed to the rise of neoliberal doctrines and practices, the deinstitutionalization of organized workers, and the dismantling of the welfare state. This applies not only to the United States, where market logics have often been equated with economic freedom, but also to countries like Germany with its corporatist tradition and a strong welfare state (Brady and Biegert) as well as to emerging economies like India (Sapkal and Sundar). In the opening chapter, Pulignano, moreover, convincingly argues that the institutional determinants of precariousness should not only be sought at the national level but that the supranational context plays a major role when it comes to explain precarity. Third, by focusing on different aspects of precariousness and employment, the book shows the need for differentiation when studying precarious work. This is nicely illustrated by the following three chapters, which draw different conclusions on the gendered nature of precarious employment. Wallace and Kwak study the rise of “bad jobs” in U.S. metropolitan areas and show that men’s work became more precarious during the Great Financial Crisis. By contrast, Banch and Hanley, who have investigated the prevalence of different forms of nonstandard work since the 1980s in the United States, show that the risk of working in precarious jobs has declined over time for men. Likewise, Witteveen shows that the employment trajectories of young men are less precarious than those of young women in the United States. These seemingly contradictory claims stem from the fact that the authors focused on different aspects of precariousness, used different methodologies and datasets, and took on slightly different populations and time frames. The work on precarious work is hence not yet done. Fourth, precarious work is certainly no longer a characteristic of those with low levels of education but has increasingly become common among professional and technical workers as well. It might come in disguise and is oftentimes perceived as an opportunity, a means for career advancement, and a personal choice. These disguises and perceptions are evident in chapters by Zukin and Papadantonakis on the unpaid work performed by programmers in hackathons, the chapter by Rao on young professionals in international organizations, and to some degree also the chapter by Williams on professional female workers in the oil and gas industry. These insights (and more that are not mentioned here) make the book relevant and interesting to read. A summary chapter to synthesize the diverse findings and potentially also outline some of the methodological challenges in the study of precarious work would have had been a nice close of the book. Furthermore, such a summation would have been the place to speculate about the consequences of recent changes in the world of work, such as the rise of the gig economy and cloud or crowd work, which add new forms of precarity to the ones that we have known thus far. Although it has primarily been written for an academic audience, the book is a highly commendable and enjoyable read for both social scientists and practitioners such as labor activists, human resources managers, and policy makers. Moreover, the book is certainly a valuable teaching resource suitable for graduate and master’s seminars in sociology due to its broad coverage of various aspects of precariousness, geographical regions, and methodological approaches. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888418810071 SN - 0730-8884 SN - 1552-8464 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 103 EP - 105 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassler, Gerda T1 - Rezension zu: Bertrand, Aliènor: Condillac, philosopher of language? - Lyon: ENS Éditions, 2016. - ISBN 978-2-84788-811-9 JF - Historiographia Linguistica Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00022.has SN - 0302-5160 SN - 1569-9781 VL - 45 IS - 1-2 SP - 225 EP - 234 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manzoni, Stefano A1 - Capek, Petr A1 - Porada, Philipp A1 - Thurner, Martin A1 - Winterdahl, Mattias A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Bruchert, Volker A1 - Frouz, Jan A1 - Herrmann, Anke M. A1 - Lindahl, Bjorn D. A1 - Lyon, Steve W. A1 - Šantrůčková, Hana A1 - Vico, Giulia A1 - Way, Danielle T1 - Reviews and syntheses BT - Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems - definitions, theories, and empirical evidence JF - Biogeosciences N2 - The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) - the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization - from uni-cellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5929-2018 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 15 IS - 19 SP - 5929 EP - 5949 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woith, Heiko A1 - Petersen, Gesa Maria A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Review: Can Animals Predict Earthquakes? JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - In public perception, abnormal animal behavior is widely assumed to be a potential earthquake precursor, in strong contrast to the viewpoint in natural sciences. Proponents of earthquake prediction via animals claim that animals feel and react abnormally to small changes in environmental and physico-chemical parameters related to the earthquake preparation process. In seismology, however, observational evidence for changes of physical parameters before earthquakes is very weak. In this study, we reviewed 180 publications regarding abnormal animal behavior before earthquakes and analyze and discuss them with respect to (1) magnitude-distance relations, (2) foreshock activity, and (3) the quality and length of the published observations. More than 700 records of claimed animal precursors related to 160 earthquakes are reviewed with unusual behavior of more than 130 species. The precursor time ranges from months to seconds prior to the earthquakes, and the distances from a few to hundreds of kilometers. However, only 14 time series were published, whereas all other records are single observations. The time series are often short (the longest is 1 yr), or only small excerpts of the full data set are shown. The probability density of foreshocks and the occurrence of animal precursors are strikingly similar, suggesting that at least parts of the reported animal precursors are in fact related to foreshocks. Another major difficulty for a systematic and statistical analysis is the high diversity of data, which are often only anecdotal and retrospective. The study clearly demonstrates strong weaknesses or even deficits in many of the published reports on possible abnormal animal behavior. To improve the research on precursors, we suggest a scheme of yes and no questions to be assessed to ensure the quality of such claims. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170313 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 108 IS - 3A SP - 1031 EP - 1045 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Remote control of soft nano-objects by light using azobenzene containing surfactants JF - Journal of physics ; D, Applied physics N2 - We review recent progress in the field of light responsive soft nano-objects. These are systems the shape, size, surface area and surface energy of which can be easily changed by low-intensity external irradiation. Here we shall specifically focus on microgels, DNA molecules, polymer brushes and colloidal particles. One convenient way to render these objects photosensitive is to couple them via ionic and/or hydrophobic interactions with azobenzene containing surfactants in a non-covalent way. The advantage of this strategy is that these surfactants can make any type of charged object light responsive without the need for possibly complicated (and irreversible) chemical conjugation. In the following, we will exclusively discuss only photosensitive surfactant systems. These contain a charged head and a hydrophobic tail into which an azobenzene group is incorporated, which can undergo reversible photo-isomerization from a trans-to a cis-configuration under UV illumination. These kinds of photo-isomerizations occur on a picosecond timescale and are fully reversible. The two isomers in general possess different polarity, i.e. the trans-state is less polar with a dipole moment of usually close to 0 Debye, while the cis-isomer has a dipole moment up to 3 Debye or more, depending on additional phenyl ring substituents. As part of the hydrophobic tail of a surfactant molecule, the photo-isomerization also changes the hydrophobicity of the molecule as a whole and hence its solubility, surface energy, and strength of interaction with other substances. Being a molecular actuator, which converts optical energy in to mechanical work, the azobenzene group in the shape of surfactant molecule can be utilized in order to actuate matter on larger time and length scale. In this paper we show several interesting examples, where azobenzene containing surfactants play the role of a transducer mediating between different states of size, shape, surface energy and spatial arrangement of various nanoscale soft-material systems. KW - photosensitive surfactants KW - azobenzene KW - photosensitive soft objects KW - light responsive microgels KW - light responsive polymer brushes KW - light responsive DNA Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa95ca SN - 0022-3727 SN - 1361-6463 VL - 51 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Release of Singlet Oxygen from Organic Peroxides under Mild Conditions JF - ChemPhotoChem N2 - Singlet oxygen can be released in the dark in nearly quantitative yield from endoperoxides of naphthalenes, anthracenes and pyridones as an alternative to its generation by photosensitization. Recently, new donor systems have been designed which operate at very low temperatures but which are prepared from their parent forms at acceptable rates. Enhancement of the reactivity of donors is conveniently achieved by the design of the substitution pattern or through the use of plasmonic heating of nanoparticle-bound donors. The most important aim of these donor molecules is to transfer singlet oxygen in a controlled and directed manner to a target. Low temperatures and the linking between donors and acceptors reduce the random walk of oxygen and may force an attack at the desired position. By using chiral donor systems, new stereocenters might be introduced into prochiral acceptors. KW - donor-acceptor systems KW - oxygenation KW - peroxides KW - polycycles KW - retro reactions Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201700235 SN - 2367-0932 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 548 EP - 558 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hasenbring, Monika Ilona A1 - Levenig, Claudia A1 - Hallner, D. A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Weiffen, A. A1 - Kleinert, Jens A1 - Belz, J. A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Pfeifer, A. -C. A1 - Heidari, Jahan . A1 - Kellmann, M. A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für chronischen Rückenschmerz in der Allgemeingesellschaft und im Leistungssport T1 - Psychosocial Risk Factors for chronic Back Pain in the General Population and in Competitive Sports BT - Von der Modellbildung zum klinischen Screening – ein Review aus dem MiSpEx-Netzwerk BT - From theory to clinical screening—a review from the MiSpEx network A Review from the MiSpEx Network JF - Manuelle Medizin N2 - Hintergrund Lumbale Ruckenschmerzen und ihre Neigung zur Chronifizierung stellen nicht nur in der Allgemeinbevolkerung, sondern auch im Leistungssport ein bedeutendes Gesundheitsproblem dar. Im Gegensatz zu Nichtathleten ist die Erforschung psychosozialer Risikofaktoren sowie von Screeningfragebogen, die moglichst fruhzeitig die Entwicklung chronischer Schmerzen erkennen und vorhersagen konnen, im Leistungssport noch in den Anfangen. Das vorliegende systematische Review gibt einen uberblick uber den Stand der Risikofaktorenforschung in beiden Feldern und untersucht die pradiktive Qualitat verschiedener Screeningfragebogen bei Nichtathleten. Methodik Die Literatursuche erfolgte zwischen Marz und Juni 2016 in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, PubMed und PsycINFO mit den Suchbegriffen psychosocial screening, low back pain, sciatica und prognosis, athletes. Eingeschlossen wurden prospektive Studien an Patienten mit lumbalen Ruckenschmerzen mit und ohne Ausstrahlung in das Bein, 18Jahre und mit einem Follow-up von mindestens 3-monatiger Dauer. Ergebnisse In das Review zu Screeninginstrumenten wurden 16Studien einbezogen. Alle waren an klinischen Stichproben der Allgemeingesellschaft durchgefuhrt worden. Zu den am haufigsten publizierten Screeningfragebogen gehoren der orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (oMPSQ) mit einer zufriedenstellenden Fruherkennung der Wiederherstellung der Arbeitsfahigkeit sowie das STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) mit guter Vorhersage schmerzbedingter Beeintrachtigung. Fur die Vorhersage kunftiger Schmerzen eignen sich die Risikoanalyse der Schmerzchronifizierung (RISC-R) und der Heidelberger Kurzfragebogen (HKF). Schlussfolgerungen Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren fur chronische Ruckenschmerzen, wie z.B. chronischer Stress, ungunstige Schmerzverarbeitung und depressive Stimmungslagen, werden zunehmend auch im Leistungssport erkannt. Screeninginstrumente, die sich in der Allgemeingesellschaft als hinreichend vorhersagestark erwiesen haben, werden aktuell im MiSpEx-Forschungsverbund auf ihre Eignung uberpruft. N2 - Background Lumbar back pain and the high risk of chronic complaints is not only an important health concern in the general population but also in high performance athletes. In contrast to non-athletes, there is a lack of research into psychosocial risk factors in athletes. Moreover, the development of psychosocial screening questionnaires that would be qualified to detect athletes with a high risk of chronicity is in the early stages. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of research into psychosocial risk factors in both populations and to evaluate the performance of screening instruments in non-athletes. Methods The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched from March to June 2016 using the keywords “psychosocial screening”, “low back pain”, “sciatica” and “prognosis”, “athletes”. We included prospective studies conducted in patients with low back pain with and without radiation to the legs, aged ≥18 years and a follow-up of at least 3 months. Results We identified 16 eligible studies, all of them conducted in samples of non-athletes. Among the most frequently published screening questionnaires, the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) demonstrated a sufficient early prediction of return to work and the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) revealed acceptable performance predicting pain-related impairment. The prediction of future pain was sufficient with the Risk Analysis of Back Pain Chronification (RISC-BP) and the Heidelberg Short Questionnaire (HKF). Conclusion Psychosocial risk factors of chronic back pain, such as chronic stress, depressive mood, and maladaptive pain processing are becoming increasingly more recognized in competitive sports. Screening instruments that have been shown to be predictive in the general population are currently being tested for suitability in the German MiSpEx research consortium. KW - Chronischer Rückenschmerz KW - Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren KW - Screening KW - Prognose KW - Chronic back pain KW - Psychosocial risk factors KW - Screening KW - Prognosis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00337-018-0450-1 SN - 0025-2514 SN - 1433-0466 VL - 56 IS - 5 SP - 359 EP - 373 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hasenbring, Monika Ilona A1 - Levenig, Claudia A1 - Hallner, D. A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Weiffen, A. A1 - Kleinert, Jens A1 - Belz, J. A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Pfeifer, A. -C. A1 - Heidari, Jahan A1 - Kellmann, M. A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Psychosocial risk factors for chronic back pain in the general population and in competitive sports BT - from theory to clinical screening- a review fromthe MiSpEx network BT - Von der Modellbildung zum klinischen Screening – ein Review aus dem MiSpEx-Netzwerk JF - Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der Österreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Schmerztherapie N2 - Lumbar back pain and the high risk of chronic complaints is not only an important health concern in the general population but also in high performance athletes. In contrast to non-athletes, there is a lack of research into psychosocial risk factors in athletes. Moreover, the development of psychosocial screening questionnaires that would be qualified to detect athletes with a high risk of chronicity is in the early stages. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of research into psychosocial risk factors in both populations and to evaluate the performance of screening instruments in non-athletes. The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched from March to June 2016 using the keywords "psychosocial screening", "low back pain", "sciatica" and "prognosis", "athletes". We included prospective studies conducted in patients with low back pain with and without radiation to the legs, aged ae18 years and a follow-up of at least 3 months. We identified 16 eligible studies, all of them conducted in samples of non-athletes. Among the most frequently published screening questionnaires, the A-rebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (A-MPSQ) demonstrated a sufficient early prediction of return to work and the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) revealed acceptable performance predicting pain-related impairment. The prediction of future pain was sufficient with the Risk Analysis of Back Pain Chronification (RISC-BP) and the Heidelberg Short Questionnaire (HKF). Psychosocial risk factors of chronic back pain, such as chronic stress, depressive mood, and maladaptive pain processing are becoming increasingly more recognized in competitive sports. Screening instruments that have been shown to be predictive in the general population are currently being tested for suitability in the German MiSpEx research consortium. T2 - Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für chronischen Rückenschmerz in der Allgemeingesellschaft und im Leistungssport KW - Chronic back pain KW - Psychosocial risk factors KW - Screening KW - Prognosis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-018-0307-5 SN - 0932-433X SN - 1432-2129 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 259 EP - 273 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bock, Dennis T1 - Primo Levi: So war Auschwitz. Zeugnisse 1945–1986 / [rezensiert von] Dennis Bock JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417972 SP - 260 EP - 262 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Schrijver, Lotte A1 - Vander Beken, Tom A1 - Krahe, Barbara A1 - Keygnaert, Ines T1 - Prevalence of sexual violence in migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees in Europe BT - a critical interpretive synthesis of the evidence JF - International Journal of environmental research and public health N2 - (1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs. KW - sexual violence KW - migrants KW - refugees KW - asylum seekers KW - applicants for international protection KW - Europe KW - prevalence Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091979 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 15 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ma, Jianli A1 - Li, Qi A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Nakaten, Natalie Christine T1 - Power-to-gas based subsurface energy storage BT - a review JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - The Renewable energy power generation capacity has been rapidly increasing in China recently. Meanwhile, the contradiction between power supply and demand is becoming increasingly more prominent due to the intermittence of renewable energies. On the other hand, on the mitigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China needs immediate attention. Power-to-Gas (PtG), a chemical energy storage technology, can convert surplus electricity into combustible gases. Subsurface energy storage can meet the requirements of long term storage with its large capacity. This paper provides a discussion of the entire PtG energy storage technology process and the current research progress. Based on the comparative study of different geological storage schemes for synthetic methane, their respective research progress and limitations are noted. In addition, a full investigation of the distribution and implementation of global PtG and CO2 capture and storage (CCS) demonstration projects is performed. Subsequently, the opportunities and challenges of the development of this technology in China are discussed based on techno-economic and ecological effects analysis. While PtG is expected to be a revolutionary technology that will replace traditional power systems, the main issues of site selection, energy efficiency and the economy still need to be adequately addressed. Additionally, based on the comprehensive discussion of the results of the analysis, power-to-gas and subsurface energy storage implementation strategies, as well as outlook in China are presented. KW - Renewable energy KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Subsurface energy storage KW - Underground gas storage KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Methane Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.056 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 97 SP - 478 EP - 496 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cisek, Richard A1 - Tokarz, Danielle A1 - Kontenis, Lukas A1 - Barzda, Virginijus A1 - Steup, Martin T1 - Polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy BT - an analytical tool for starch bioengineering JF - Starch-Starke N2 - Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that inherently generates signal in non-centrosymmetric materials, such as starch granules, and therefore can be used for label-free imaging. Both intensity and polarization of SHG are determined by material properties that are characterized by the nonlinear susceptibility tensor, ((2)). Examination of the tensor is performed for each focal volume of the image by measuring the outgoing polarization state of the SHG signal for a set of incoming laser beam polarizations. Mapping of nonlinear properties expressed as the susceptibility ratio reveals structural features including the organization of crystalline material within a single starch granule, and the distribution of structural properties in a population of granules. Isolated granules, as well as in situ starch, can be analyzed using polarimetric SHG microscopy. Due to the fast sample preparation and short imaging times, polarimetric SHG microscopy allows for a quick assessment of starch structure and permits rapid feedback for bioengineering applications. This article presents the basics of SHG theory and microscopy applications for starch-containing materials. Quantification of ultrastructural features within individual starch granules is described. New results obtained by polarization resolved SHG microscopy of starch granules are presented for various maize genotypes revealing heterogeneity within a single starch particle and between various granules. KW - Determination of crystallinity KW - Determination of hydration KW - Label-free imaging KW - Nonlinear optical microscopy KW - Structural determination Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201700031 SN - 0038-9056 SN - 1521-379X VL - 70 IS - 1-2 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krstic, Jelena A1 - Reinisch, Isabel A1 - Schupp, Michael A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Prokesch, Andreas T1 - p53 functions in adipose tissue metabolism and homeostasis JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - As a tumor suppressor and the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, p53 is among the best-described molecules in medical research. As cancer is in most cases an age-related disease, it seems paradoxical that p53 is so strongly conserved from early multicellular organisms to humans. A function not directly related to tumor suppression, such as the regulation of metabolism in nontransformed cells, could explain this selective pressure. While this role of p53 in cellular metabolism is gradually emerging, it is imperative to dissect the tissue-and cell-specific actions of p53 and its downstream signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on studies reporting p53's impact on adipocyte development, function, and maintenance, as well as the causes and consequences of altered p53 levels in white and brown adipose tissue (AT) with respect to systemic energy homeostasis. While whole body p53 knockout mice gain less weight and fat mass under a high-fat diet owing to increased energy expenditure, modifying p53 expression specifically in adipocytes yields more refined insights: (1) p53 is a negative regulator of in vitro adipogenesis; (2) p53 levels in white AT are increased in diet-induced and genetic obesity mouse models and in obese humans; (3) functionally, elevated p53 in white AT increases senescence and chronic inflammation, aggravating systemic insulin resistance; (4) p53 is not required for normal development of brown AT; and (5) when p53 is activated in brown AT in mice fed a high-fat diet, it increases brown AT temperature and brown AT marker gene expression, thereby contributing to reduced fat mass accumulation. In addition, p53 is increasingly being recognized as crucial player in nutrient sensing pathways. Hence, despite existence of contradictory findings and a varying density of evidence, several functions of p53 in adipocytes and ATs have been emerging, positioning p53 as an essential regulatory hub in ATs. Future studies need to make use of more sophisticated in vivo model systems and should identify an AT-specific set of p53 target genes and downstream pathways upon different (nutrient) challenges to identify novel therapeutic targets to curb metabolic diseases KW - p53 KW - adipose tissue KW - metabolic syndrome KW - obesity KW - adipogenesis KW - insulin resistance Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092622 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 19 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krstic, Jelena A1 - Galhuber, Markus A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Schupp, Michael A1 - Prokesch, Andreas T1 - p53 as a dichotomous regulator of liver disease BT - the dose makes the medicine JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Lifestyle-related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, have become a primary risk factor for the development of liver pathologies that can progress from hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, to the most severe condition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While the prevalence of liver pathologies is steadily increasing in modern societies, there are currently no approved drugs other than chemotherapeutic intervention in late stage HCC. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify and investigate causative molecular pathways that can yield new therapeutic avenues. The transcription factor p53 is well established as a tumor suppressor and has recently been described as a central metabolic player both in physiological and pathological settings. Given that liver is a dynamic tissue with direct exposition to ingested nutrients, hepatic p53, by integrating cellular stress response, metabolism and cell cycle regulation, has emerged as an important regulator of liver homeostasis and dysfunction. The underlying evidence is reviewed herein, with a focus on clinical data and animal studies that highlight a direct influence of p53 activity on different stages of liver diseases. Based on current literature showing that activation of p53 signaling can either attenuate or fuel liver disease, we herein discuss the hypothesis that, while hyper-activation or loss of function can cause disease, moderate induction of hepatic p53 within physiological margins could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of liver pathologies. Hence, stimuli that lead to a moderate and temporary p53 activation could present new therapeutic approaches through several entry points in the cascade from hepatic steatosis to HCC. KW - p53 KW - liver disease KW - insulin resistance KW - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease KW - non-alcoholic steatohepatitis KW - hepatocellular carcinoma KW - liver regeneration KW - mouse models Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030921 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 19 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -