TY - JOUR A1 - Ning, Jiaoyi A1 - Yu, Hongtao A1 - Mei, Shilin A1 - Schütze, Yannik A1 - Risse, Sebastian A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay A1 - Hilger, André A1 - Manke, Ingo A1 - Bande, Annika A1 - Ruiz, Victor G. A1 - Dzubiella, Joachim A1 - Meng, Hong A1 - Lu, Yan T1 - Constructing binder- and carbon additive-free organosulfur cathodes based on conducting thiol-polymers through electropolymerization for lithium-sulfur batteries JF - ChemSusChem N2 - Herein, the concept of constructing binder- and carbon additive-free organosulfur cathode was proved based on thiol-containing conducting polymer poly(4-(thiophene-3-yl) benzenethiol) (PTBT). The PTBT featured the polythiophene-structure main chain as a highly conducting framework and the benzenethiol side chain to copolymerize with sulfur and form a crosslinked organosulfur polymer (namely S/PTBT). Meanwhile, it could be in-situ deposited on the current collector by electro-polymerization, making it a binder-free and free-standing cathode for Li-S batteries. The S/PTBT cathode exhibited a reversible capacity of around 870 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C and improved cycling performance compared to the physically mixed cathode (namely S&PTBT). This multifunction cathode eliminated the influence of the additives (carbon/binder), making it suitable to be applied as a model electrode for operando analysis. Operando X-ray imaging revealed the remarkable effect in the suppression of polysulfides shuttle via introducing covalent bonds, paving the way for the study of the intrinsic mechanisms in Li-S batteries. KW - electrochemistry KW - energy storage KW - lithium-sulfur batteries KW - operando KW - studies KW - organosulfur Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202200434 SN - 1864-5631 SN - 1864-564X VL - 15 IS - 14 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, Christian A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Hilger, André A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay T1 - Non-invasive detection and localization of microplastic particles in a sandy sediment by complementary neutron and X-ray tomography JF - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation N2 - Purpose Microplastics have become a ubiquitous pollutant in marine, terrestrial and freshwater systems that seriously affects aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Common methods for analysing microplastic abundance in soil or sediments are based on destructive sampling or involve destructive sample processing. Thus, substantial information about local distribution of microplastics is inevitably lost. Methods Tomographic methods have been explored in our study as they can help to overcome this limitation because they allow the analysis of the sample structure while maintaining its integrity. However, this capability has not yet been exploited for detection of environmental microplastics. We present a bimodal 3D imaging approach capable to detect microplastics in soil or sediment cores non-destructively. Results In a first pilot study, we demonstrate the unique potential of neutrons to sense and localize microplastic particles in sandy sediment. The complementary application of X-rays allows mineral grains to be discriminated from microplastic particles. Additionally, it yields detailed information on the 3D surroundings of each microplastic particle, which supports its size and shape determination. Conclusion The procedure we developed is able to identify microplastic particles with diameters of approximately 1 mm in a sandy soil. It also allows characterisation of the shape of the microplastic particles as well as the microstructure of the soil and sediment sample as depositional background information. Transferring this approach to environmental samples presents the opportunity to gain insights of the exact distribution of microplastics as well as their past deposition, deterioration and translocation processes. KW - Neutron imaging KW - Sediment core KW - Non-destructive analysis KW - Microplastic KW - detection KW - Shape and size Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02882-6 SN - 1439-0108 SN - 1614-7480 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 1476 EP - 1487 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tötzke, Christian A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay A1 - Hilger, André A1 - Rudolph-Mohr, Nicole A1 - Manke, Ingo A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Three-dimensional in vivo analysis of water uptake and translocation in maize roots by fast neutron tomography JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Root water uptake is an essential process for terrestrial plants that strongly affects the spatiotemporal distribution of water in vegetated soil. Fast neutron tomography is a recently established non-invasive imaging technique capable to capture the 3D architecture of root systems in situ and even allows for tracking of three-dimensional water flow in soil and roots. We present an in vivo analysis of local water uptake and transport by roots of soil-grown maize plants—for the first time measured in a three-dimensional time-resolved manner. Using deuterated water as tracer in infiltration experiments, we visualized soil imbibition, local root uptake, and tracked the transport of deuterated water throughout the fibrous root system for a day and night situation. This revealed significant differences in water transport between different root types. The primary root was the preferred water transport path in the 13-days-old plants while seminal roots of comparable size and length contributed little to plant water supply. The results underline the unique potential of fast neutron tomography to provide time-resolved 3D in vivo information on the water uptake and transport dynamics of plant root systems, thus contributing to a better understanding of the complex interactions of plant, soil and water. KW - Environmental sciences KW - Optics and photonics KW - Plant sciences Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90062-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tötzke, Christian A1 - Kardjilov, Nikolay A1 - Hilger, André A1 - Rudolph-Mohr, Nicole A1 - Manke, Ingo A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Three-dimensional in vivo analysis of water uptake and translocation in maize roots by fast neutron tomography T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Root water uptake is an essential process for terrestrial plants that strongly affects the spatiotemporal distribution of water in vegetated soil. Fast neutron tomography is a recently established non-invasive imaging technique capable to capture the 3D architecture of root systems in situ and even allows for tracking of three-dimensional water flow in soil and roots. We present an in vivo analysis of local water uptake and transport by roots of soil-grown maize plants—for the first time measured in a three-dimensional time-resolved manner. Using deuterated water as tracer in infiltration experiments, we visualized soil imbibition, local root uptake, and tracked the transport of deuterated water throughout the fibrous root system for a day and night situation. This revealed significant differences in water transport between different root types. The primary root was the preferred water transport path in the 13-days-old plants while seminal roots of comparable size and length contributed little to plant water supply. The results underline the unique potential of fast neutron tomography to provide time-resolved 3D in vivo information on the water uptake and transport dynamics of plant root systems, thus contributing to a better understanding of the complex interactions of plant, soil and water. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1217 KW - Environmental sciences KW - Optics and photonics KW - Plant sciences Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-529915 SN - 1866-8372 ER -