TY - JOUR A1 - Kamjunke, Norbert A1 - Bohn, Christiane A1 - Grey, John T1 - Utilisation of dissolved organic carbon from different sources by pelagic bacteria in an acidic mining lake N2 - We compared growth rates and efficiencies of pelagic bacteria from an extremely acidic mining lake (pH 2.6, mean depth 4.6m) supplied with different sources of carbon: (1) excreted by phytoplankton, (2) derived from benthic algae, (3) entering the lake via ground water, and (4) leached from leaf litter. Bacteria exhibited high growth rate and efficiency on exudates of pelagic and benthic algae. In contrast, they showed a lower growth rate and efficiency with organic carbon from ground water, and grew at a very high rate but a very low efficiency on leaf leachate. Results from stable isotope analyses indicate a greater importance of benthic exudates and leaf leachate for bacteria in the epilimnion, and a higher impact of ground water sources in the hypolimnion. Given the magnitude of differential source inputs into the lake, we suggest that benthic primary production was the most important carbon source for pelagic bacteria. The benthic-pelagic coupling seems to be more relevant in this shallow acidic lake with low pelagic carbon dioxide concentrations than in neutral lakes Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/j/archiv-hydrobiologie/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0165-0355 SN - 0003-9136 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamunke, Norbert A1 - Bohn, Christiane T1 - Utilisation of dissolved organic carbon from different sources by pelagic bacteria in an acidic mining lake Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Dean, W. Richard J. A1 - Wichmann, Matthias A1 - Huttunen, S. M A1 - Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa A1 - Moloney, Kirk A. A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Use of large Acacia trees by the cavity dwelling Black-tailed Tree Rat in the southern Kalahari N2 - Recent extensive harvesting of large, often dead Acacia trees in and savanna of southern Africa is cause for concern about the conservation status of the arid savanna and its animal community. We mapped vegetation and nests of the Black-tailed Tree Rat Thallomy's nigricauda to assess the extent to which the rats depend on particular tree species and on the existence of dead, standing trees. The study was conducted in continuous Acacia woodland on the southern and eastern edge of the Kalahari, South Africa. Trees in which there were tree rat nests were compared with trees of similar size and vigour to identify the characteristics of nest sites. Spatial analysis of tree rat distribution was conducted using Ripley's-L function. We found that T nigricauda was able to utilize all available tree species, as long as trees were large and old enough so that cavities were existing inside the stem. The spatial distribution of nest trees did not show clumping at the investigated scale, and we therefore reject the notion of the rats forming colonies when inhabiting continuous woodlands. The selection of a particular tree as a nest site was furthermore depending on the close proximity of the major food plant, Acacia mellifera. This may limit the choice of suitable nest sites. since A. mellifera was less likely to grow within a vegetation patch containing a large trees than in patches without large trees. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01401963 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.019 SN - 0140-1963 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - VanderVen, Peter F. M. A1 - Ehler, Elisabeth A1 - Vakeel, Padmanabhan A1 - Eulitz, Stefan A1 - Schenk, Jörg A. A1 - Milting, Hendrik A1 - Micheel, Burkhard A1 - Fürst, Dieter Oswald T1 - Unusual splicing events result in distinct Xin isoforms that associate differentially with filamin c and Mena/ VASP N2 - Filamin c is the predominantly expressed filamin isoform in striated muscles. It is localized in myofibrillar Z- discs, where it binds FATZ and myotilin, and in myotendinous junctions and intercalated discs. Here, we identify Xin, the protein encoded by the human gene 'cardiomyopathy associated 1' (CMYA1) as filamin c binding partner at these specialized structures where the ends of myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma. Xin directly binds the EVH1 domain proteins Mena and VASP. In the adult heart, Xin and Mena/VASP colocalize with filamin c in intercalated discs. In cultured cardiomyocytes, the proteins also localize in the nonstriated part of myofibrils, where sarcomeres are assembled and an extensive reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs. Unusual intraexonic splicing events result in the existence of three Xin isoforms that associate differentially with its ligands. The identification of the complex filamin c-Xin-Mena/VASP provides a first glance on the role of Xin in the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental and adaptive remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cardiac morphogenesis and sarcomere assembly. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nagel, Birgit A1 - Warsinke, Axel T1 - Towards separation-free electrochemical affinity sensors by using antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers : a review Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00032710600853903 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Veronika A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - The role of predation for seasonal variability patterns among phytoplankton and ciliates N2 - Investigating the mechanisms which underlie the biomass fluctuations of populations and communities is important to better understand the processes which buffer community biomass in a variable environment. Based on long- term data of plankton biomass in Lake Constance (Bodensee), this study aims at explaining the different degree of synchrony among populations observed within two freshwater plankton groups, phytoplankton and ciliates. Established measures of temporal variability such as the variance ratio and cross-correlation coefficients were combined with first- order autoregressive models that allow estimating species interactions from time-series data. We found that predation was an important driver of the observed seasonal variability patterns in phytoplankton and ciliates, and that competitive interactions only played a subordinate role. In Lake Constance copepods and cladocerans, two major invertebrate predator groups, focus their grazing pressure at different times of the season. Model results suggested that compensatory dynamics detected in phytoplankton originate from the differential vulnerability of species to either one of these two predator groups. For ciliates model results advocated that synchrony among species occurs because ciliates tend to be vulnerable to both predator groups. Our findings underline the necessity of extending studies of community variability to multiple trophic levels because accounting for predator-prey interactions may often be more important than accounting for competitive interactions at one trophic level Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0030-1299 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14753.x SN - 0030-1299 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kopka, Claudia T1 - The nucleoside diphosphate kinases - a small gene family involved in the energyphosphotransfer of arabidopsis thaliana Y1 - 2006 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lou, Ying A1 - Ma, Hui A1 - Lin, Wen-Hui A1 - Chu, Zhao-Quing A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Xu, Zhi-Hong A1 - Xue, Hong-Wei T1 - The highly charged region of plant beta-type phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is involved in membrane targeting and phospholipid binding N2 - In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two types of PI 4-kinase (PI4Ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. The alpha-type PI4Ks (similar to 220 kDa) contain a PH domain, which is lacking in beta-type PI4Ks (similar to 120 kDa). beta-Type PI4Ks, exemplified by Arabidopsis AtPI4K beta and rice OsPI4K2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated PPC (Plant PI4K Charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type PI4Ks at present. The PPC region has a length of similar to 300 amino acids and harboring 11 (AtPI4K beta) and 14 (OsPI4K2) repeats, respectively, of a 20-aa motif. Studies employing a modified yeast-based "Sequence of Membrane- Targeting Detection'' system demonstrate that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region, as well as the former 8 and latter 6 repetitive motifs within the PPC region, are able to target fusion proteins to the plasma membrane. Further detection on the transiently expressed GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells showed that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region alone, as well as the region containing repetitive motifs 1-8, was able to direct GFP to the plasma membrane, while the regions containing less repetitive motifs, i.e. 6, 4, 2 or single motif(s) led to predominantly intracellular localization. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PPC-GFP fusion protein further confirms the membrane-targeting capacities of PPC region. In addition, the predominant plasma membrane localization of AtPI4Kb was mediated by the PPC region. Recombinant PPC peptide, expressed in E. coli, strongly binds phosphatidic acid, PI and PI4P, but not phosphatidylcholine, PI5P, or PI(4,5) P-2 in vitro, providing insights into potential mechanisms for regulating sub- cellular localization and lipid binding for the plant beta-type PI4Ks Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100330 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-5548-x SN - 0167-4412 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stalz, Holger A1 - Roth, Udo A1 - Schleuder, Detlev A1 - Macht, Marcus A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Strupat, Kerstin A1 - Peter-Katalinic, Jasna A1 - Hanisch, Franz-Georg T1 - The Geodia cydonium galectin exhibits prototype and chimera-type characteristics and a unique sequence polymorphism within its carbohydrate recognition domain N2 - The ancestral galectin from the sponge Geodia cydonium (GCG) is classified on a structural basis to the prototype subfamily, whereas its carbohydrate-binding specificity is related to that of the mammalian chimera-type galectin-3. This dual coordination reveals GCG as a potential precursor of the later evolved galectin subfamilies, which is reflected in the primary structure of the protein. This study provides evidence that GCG is the LECT1 gene product, while neither a previously described LECT2 gene nor a functional LECT2 gene product was found in the specimen under investigation. The electrophoretically separated protein isomers with apparent molecular masses of 13, 15, and 16 kDa correspond to variants of the LECT1 protein-exhibiting peptide sequence polymorphisms that concern critical positions of the carbohydrate recognition domain (13 kDa: Leu51, Asn55, His130, Gly137; 15 kDa: Ser51, Asn55, Asn130, Gly137; 16 kDa: Ser51, Tyr55, Asn130, Glu137). Four residues, highly conserved in the galectin family, are substituted. None of the residues claimed to be involved in interactions with GalNAc alpha 1-3 moieties at an extended binding subsite of galectin-3 was identified in the corresponding positions of GCG. Apparently, the substitutions do not confer distinct binding characteristics to the GCG variants as evidenced by binding studies with a recombinantly expressed 15-kDa isoform. The natural isoforms as well as the recombinant 15-kDa isoform oligomerize by the formation of non-covalent heteromeric or homomeric complexes. A phosphorylation of the galectin was confirmed neither by mass spectrometry nor by alkaline phosphatase treatment combined with isoelectric focusing Y1 - 2006 UR - http://glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/5/402.full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwj086 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleidorn, Christoph A1 - Podsiadlowski, Lars A1 - Bartolomaeus, Thomas T1 - The complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii (Annelida, Orbiniidae) : a novel gene order for Annelida and implications for annelid phylogeny N2 - Relationships of annelid subtaxa are controversially discussed and additional markers are necessarily needed to get further insights into their evolution. Due to their high content of information, mitochondrial genomes have been proven very useful in phylogenetic analyses. Whereas many complete mitochondrial genomes of arthropods are available, lophotrochozoan taxa are only scarcely represented and this is especially true for annelids. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii. The circular genome is 15,558 bp in size and contains the same 37 genes as found in most other metazoans. As in the case for all studied annelids all genes are transcribed from the same strand. Compared with the known data from other annelids at least five gene translocations must be hypothesized for O. latreillii. A comparison of the available data shows that gene translocations within Annelida seem to be less frequent than in molluscs, but more frequent as previously assumed. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data and amino acid data support an inclusion Of Sipuncula within Annelida and a closer relationship to orbiniids is recovered for this taxon. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781119 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.018 SN - 0378-1119 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wronski, Torsten A1 - Apio, Ann A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - The communicatory significance of localised defecation sites in bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) N2 - Like several other mammals, bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) deposit faeces in specific localised defecation sites (LDS). A previous study has ruled out a function of LDS in the context of parasite avoidance. In this study, we investigated the communicatory significance of LDS. In a free ranging population, we tested whether LDS serve to demarcate home ranges, and/or if LDS are used for communication in a non-territorial context. In both sexes, LDS increased significantly in number towards the periphery of individual home ranges. However, the distribution pattern of LDS, as revealed by a nearest-neighbour mapping technique (nearest distances between LDS), did not support the idea that LDS serve home range/territory-demarcation because LDS did not follow a pattern of minimal nearest-neighbour distances along the margins of home ranges. We found females to urinate more often in LDS than males. Notably, information transfer was most frequent between sending (urinating or defecating) females and receiving/responding males (urination or defecation at places where a female had previously signalled). Our results suggest that LDS mainly serve for inter- sexual communication in bushbuck Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/517tm6115561t421/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0174-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lisso, Janina A1 - Altmann, Thomas A1 - Müssig, Carsten T1 - The AtNFXL1 gene encodes a NF-X1 type zinc finger protein required for growth under salt stress JF - FEBS letters : the journal for rapid publication of short reports in molecular biosciences N2 - The human NF-X1 protein and homologous proteins in eukaryotes represent a class of transcription factors which are characterised. by NF-X1 type zinc finger motifs. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two NF-X1 homologs, which we termed AtNFXL1 and AtNFXL2. Growth and survival was impaired in atnfxl1 knock-out mutants and AtNFXL1-antisense plants under salt stress in comparison to wild-type plants. In contrast, 35S: :AtNFXL1 plants showed higher survival rates. The AtNFXL2 protein potentially plays an antagonistic role. The Arabidopsis NF-X1 type zinc finger proteins likely are part of regulatory mechanisms, which protect major processes such as photosynthesis. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - NF-X1 KW - salt stress Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.079 SN - 0014-5793 VL - 580 IS - 22 SP - 4851 EP - 4856 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bell, Elanor M. A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Temporal dynamics and growth of Actinophrys sol (Sarcodina: Heliozoa), the top predator in an extremely acidic lake N2 - 1. The in situ abundance, biomass and mean cell volume of Actinophrys sol (Sarcodina: Heliozoa), the top predator in an extremely acidic German mining lake (Lake 111; pH 2.65), were determined over three consecutive years (spring to autumn, 2001-03). 2. Actinophrys sol exhibited pronounced temporal and vertical patterns in abundance, biomass and mean cell volume. Increasing from very low spring densities, maxima in abundance and biomass were observed in late June/early July and September. The highest mean abundance recorded during the study was 7 x 10(3) Heliozoa L-1. Heliozoan abundance and biomass were higher in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion. Actinophrys sol cells from this acidic lake were smaller than individuals of the same species found in other aquatic systems. 3. We determined the growth rate of A. sol using all potential prey items available in, and isolated and cultured from, Lake 111. Prey items included: single-celled and filamentous bacteria of unknown taxonomic affinity, the mixotrophic flagellates Chlamydomonas acidophila and Ochromonas sp., the ciliate Oxytricha sp. and the rotifers Elosa worallii and Cephalodella hoodi. Actinophrys sol fed over a wide-size spectrum from bacteria to metazoans. Positive growth was not supported by all naturally available prey. Actinophrys sol neither increased in cell number (k) nor biomass (k(b)) when starved, with low concentrations of single-celled bacteria or with the alga Ochromonas sp. Positive growth was achieved with single- celled bacteria (k = 0.22 +/- 0.02 d(-1); k(b) = -0.06 +/- 0.02 d(-1)) and filamentous bacteria (k = 0.52 +/- < 0.01 d(- 1); k(b) = 0.66 d(-1)) at concentrations greater than observed in situ, and the alga C. acidophila (up to k = 0.43 +/- 0.03 d(-1); k(b) = 0.44 +/- 0.04 d(-1)), the ciliate Oxytricha sp. (k = 0.34 +/- 0.01 d(-1)) and in mixed cultures containing rotifers and C. acidophila (k = 0.23 +/- 0.02-0.32 +/- 0.02 d(-1); maximum k(b) = 0.42 +/- 0.05 d(-1)). The individual- and biomass-based growth of A. sol was highest when filamentous bacteria were provided. 4. Existing quantitative carbon flux models for the Lake 111 food web can be updated in light of our results. Actinophrys sol are omnivorous predators supported by a mixed diet of filamentous bacteria and C. acidophila in the epilimnion. Heliozoa are important components in the planktonic food webs of 'extreme' environments Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0046-5070 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01561.x SN - 0046-5070 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerloff-Elias, Antje A1 - Barua, Deepak A1 - Mölich, Andreas A1 - Spijkerman, Elly T1 - Temperature- and pH-dependent accumulation of heat-shock proteins in the acidophilic green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila N2 - Chlamydomonas acidophila, a unicellular green alga, is a dominant phytoplankton species in acidic water bodies, facing severe environmental conditions such as low pH and high heavy metal concentrations. We examined the pH-, and temperature-dependent accumulation of heat-shock proteins in this alga to determine whether heat-shock proteins play a role in adaptation to their environment. Our results show increased heat-shock proteins accumulation at suboptimal pHs, which were not connected with any change in intracellular pH. In comparison to the mesophilic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the acidophilic species exhibited significantly higher accumulations of heat-shock proteins under control conditions, indicating an environmental adaptation of increased basal levels of heat-shock proteins. The results suggest that heat- shock proteins might play a role in the adaptation of C. acidophila, and possibly other acidophilic algae, to their extreme environment Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0168-6496 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00078.x SN - 0168-6496 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Kürschner, Harald A1 - Mischke, Steffen T1 - Temperature variability and vertical vegetation belt shifts during the last similar to 50,000 yr in the Qilian Mountains (NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China) N2 - A 13.94-m-long sediment core, collected from a medium-sized lake in the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibetan Plateau, China), was analysed palynologically at 81 horizons. The interpretation of indicator taxa yielded various vertical shifts of the vegetation belts. These palaeovegetation results have been checked with lake surface pollen spectra from 8 takes representing different altitudinal vegetation belts. Our main findings are the following: A short period of the late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (around similar to 46,000 yr ago) was characterized by interglacial temperature conditions with a tree line above its present-day altitude. During the LGM, the vicinity of the lake was not covered by ice but by sparse alpine vegetation and alpine deserts, indicating that the climate was colder by similar to 4-7 degrees C than today Markedly higher temperatures were inferred from higher arboreal pollen frequencies between similar to 13,000 and similar to 7000 yr ago with a Holocene temperature optimum and a maximal Picea-Betula mixed-forest expansion between similar to 9000 and similar to 7000 yr ago, when temperatures exceeded the present-day conditions by at least 1-2 degrees C. Alpine steppes and meadows and sub-alpine shrub vegetation dominated around the lake since the middle Holocene, suggesting that vegetation and climate conditions were exceptionally stable in comparison to previous periods. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00335894 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.001 SN - 0033-5894 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köchy, Martin T1 - Stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel N2 - This contribution describes a generator of stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel from c. 90 to 900 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) as a tool for studies of daily rain variability. The probability of rainfall on a given day of the year is described by a regular Gaussian peak curve function. The amount of rain is drawn randomly from an exponential distribution whose mean is the daily mean rain amount (averaged across years for each day of the year) described by a flattened Gaussian peak curve. Parameters for the curves have been calculated from monthly aggregated, long-term rain records from seven meteorological stations. Parameters for arbitrary points on the MAP gradient are calculated from a regression equation with MAP as the only independent variable. The simple structure of the generator allows it to produce time series with daily rain patterns that are projected under climate change scenarios and simultaneously control MAP. Increasing within-year variability of daily precipitation amounts also increases among-year variability of MAP as predicted by global circulation models. Thus, the time series incorporate important characteristics for climate change research and represent a flexible tool for simulations of daily vegetation or surface hydrology dynamics. Y1 - 2006 UR - 1960 = dx.doi.org/10.1560/IJES_55_2_103 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Köchy, Martin T1 - Stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel N2 - This contribution describes a generator of stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel from c. 90 to 900 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) as a tool for studies of daily rain variability. The probability of rainfall on a given day of the year is described by a regular Gaussian peak curve function. The amount of rain is drawn randomly from an exponential distribution whose mean is the daily mean rain amount (averaged across years for each day of the year) described by a flattened Gaussian peak curve. Parameters for the curves have been calculated from monthly aggregated, long-term rain records from seven meteorological stations. Parameters for arbitrary points on the MAP gradient are calculated from a regression equation with MAP as the only independent variable. The simple structure of the generator allows it to produce time series with daily rain patterns that are projected under climate change scenarios and simultaneously control MAP. Increasing within-year variability of daily precipitation amounts also increases among-year variability of MAP as predicted by global circulation models. Thus, the time series incorporate important characteristics for climate change research and represent a flexible tool for simulations of daily vegetation or surface hydrology dynamics. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 029 KW - stochastische Zeitreihen KW - täglicher Niederschlag KW - Israel KW - Klimawandel KW - stochastic time series KW - daily precipitation KW - Israel KW - climate change Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13155 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mungur, Rajsree T1 - Spatio-temporal analysis of florigenic signals in Arabidopsis thaliana, Sinapis alba and Brassica napus T1 - Zeitabhängige Analyse von blühinduzierenden Signalen in Arabidopsis thaliana, Sinapis alba und Brassica napus N2 - Daylength is one of several parameters controlling flowering time in many plant species. The day length is perceived in leaves, but how the floral signal is transduced to the shoot apex via the phloem to induce flowering remains to be elucidated. This study aimed at the identification of new candidates involved in the induction of flowering by employing three plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Sinapis alba and Brassica napus in combination with transcript profiling by Affymetrix chip hybridization, metabolite profiling by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and targeted protein analysis using antibodies. All analyses were performed on tissue-specific samples and focused on phloem sap or phloem exudates. To find common transcript and metabolite candidates potentially associated with the floral transition, two independent induction systems in Arabidopsis were used: a photoextension system, whereby plants received fourteen additional hours of light, and a parallel dexamethasone-inducible system, which was centered on the induction of the known flowering gene CONSTANS (CO). Identification of signals preceding the CO cascade was possible using the light extension regime, while downstream events dependent on CO activation were compared in both systems. Altogether, a number of interesting transcript and metabolite candidates were identified in both systems with some degree of overlap. Sinapis alba was used to investigate the universality of the floral signals between species. Comparisons of metabolite data revealed a few common candidates that may prove interesting for further studies. In addition, a targeted approach was carried out to investigate the presence of the Flowering Locus T (FT) protein during different stages of flower development using an antibody. Interesting changes in the sizes of antigens from rape phloem were seen and appeared consistent in Arabidopsis and to a lesser extent in Sinapis. Overall, the broad surveying approaches for transcripts and metabolites used in this study revealed several new potential candidates involved in the induction and/or regulation of flowering. As far as the protein work, additional experiments will reveal the link between FT and floral induction as well as its role in maintaining the floral state using the abovementioned plant species. N2 - Die Tageslänge ist in vielen Pflanzenarten einer der Parameter, welche die Blütenbildung kontrollieren. Die Tageslänge wird in Blättern gemessen, aber wie das blühinduzierende Signal über das Phloem in den Apex übertragen wird ist bisher nicht aufgeklärt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel neue Kandidaten zu identifizieren, die an der Blühinduktion beteiligt sind. Dazu wurden die drei Pflanzenarten Arabidopsis thaliana, Sinapis alba und Brassica napus auf der Ebene von Transkripten durch Affymetrix Chip Hybridisierungen, Metaboliten durch Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie und ausgesuchten Proteinen durch Antikörper analysiert. Alle Untersuchungen wurden an gewebespezifischen Proben vorgenommen und waren auf Phloemsaft bzw. Phloemexsudate fokussiert. Um gemeinsame Transkript- und Metabolitkandidaten zu ermitteln, welche mit der Blühinduktion in Zusammenhang stehen, wurden zwei unabhängige Induktionssysteme in Arabidopsis verwendet: Ein Photoextensions-System, in dem die Pflanzen vierzehn zusätzlichen Stunden Licht ausgesetzt wurden und ein paralleles Dexamethason-induzierbares System, das die gezielte Aktivierung des bekannten blühinduzierenden Gens CONSTANS (CO) ermöglicht. Die Identifikation von CO-vorgelagerten Signalen war in dem Photoextensions-System möglich, während der CO-Aktivierung nachgelagerte Ereignisse in beiden Systemen verglichen werden konnten. Zusammengenommen konnten mit beiden Systemen eine Reihe von interessanten Transkript- und Metabolitkandidaten ermittelt werden, welche auch teilweise überlappten. Anschließend wurde Sinapis alba verwendet, um die Universalität der blühinduzierenden Signale in verschiedenen Pflanzenarten zu untersuchen. Vergleiche der Metabolitendaten ergaben ein paar gemeinsame Kandidaten, welche für weitergehende Untersuchungen interessant sein könnten. Zusätzlich wurden mittels Antikörpern gezielte Untersuchungen bezüglich der Präsenz des Flowering Locus T (FT) Proteins während verschiedener Stadien der Blütenentwicklung durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchungen zeigten interessante Änderungen der Größe des Antigens in Raps Phloemsaft, welche auch in Arabidopsis und in geringerem Maße in Sinapis sichtbar waren. Zusammengefasst resultierten die umfassenden Transkript- und Metabolitenmessungen, die in dieser Arbeit verwendet wurden, in einer Reihe von neuen möglichen Kandidaten, welche an der Induktion und/oder Regulation der Blütenbildung beteiligt sein könnten. Bezüglich des Proteins FT sind zusätzliche Experimente notwendig, um seine Rolle bei der Blühinduktion bzw. bei der Aufrechterhaltung des blühenden Zustandes aufzudecken. KW - Florigen KW - Florigen Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9861 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neye, Gundula A1 - Wallschläger, Hans-Dieter A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Song dialect boundaries in the Yellowhammer: Do they restrict gene flow? T2 - Journal of ornithology Y1 - 2006 SN - 0021-8375 VL - 147 IS - Supplement 1 SP - 219 EP - 219 PB - Blackwell CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Schmidt, Marcus A1 - von Oheimb, Goddert A1 - Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich A1 - Ellenberg, Hermann T1 - Soil seed banks near rubbing trees indicate dispersal of plant species into forests by wild boar N2 - Current knowledge about processes that generate long-distance dispersal of plants is still limited despite its importance for persistence of populations and colonization of new potential habitats. Today wild Large mammals are presumed to be important vectors for long-distance transport of diaspores within and between European temperate forest patches, and in particular wild boars recently came into focus. Here we use a specific habit of wild boar, i.e. wallowing in mud and subsequent rubbing against trees, to evaluate epizoochorous dispersal of vascular plant diaspores. We present soil seed bank data from 27 rubbing trees versus 27 control trees from seven forest areas in Germany. The mean number of viable seeds and the plant species number were higher in soil samples near rubbing trees compared with control trees. Ten of the 20 most frequent species were more frequent, and many species exclusively appeared in the soil samples near rubbing trees. The large number of plant species and seeds - more than 1000 per tree - in the soils near rubbing trees is difficult to explain unless the majority were dispersed by wild boar. Hooked and bristly diaspores, i.e. those adapted to epizoochory, were more frequent; however, many species with unspecialized diaspores occurred exclusively near rubbing trees. As opposed to plant species closely tied to forests species which occur both in forest and open vegetation and non-forest species were more frequent near rubbing trees compared with controls. These findings are consistent with previous studies on diaspore loads in the coats and hooves of shot wild boars. However, our method allows to identify the transport of diaspores from the open landscape into forest stands, where they might especially emerge after disturbance, and a clustered distribution of epizoochorically dispersed seeds. Moreover, accumulation of seeds of wetness indicators near rubbing trees demonstrates directed dispersal of plant species inhabiting wet places among remote wallows. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14391791 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2005.04.006 SN - 1439-1791 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Schmidt, Marcus A1 - von Oheimb, Goddert A1 - Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich A1 - Ellenberg, Hermann T1 - Soil seed banks near rubbing trees indicate dispersal of plant species into forests by wild boar N2 - Current knowledge about processes that generate long-distance dispersal of plants is still limited despite its importance for persistence of populations and colonization of new potential habitats. Today wild large mammals are presumed to be important vectors for long-distance transport of diaspores within and between European temperate forest patches, and in particular wild boars recently came into focus. Here we use a specific habit of wild boar, i.e. wallowing in mud and subsequent rubbing against trees, to evaluate epizoic dispersal of vascular plant diaspores. We present soil seed bank data from 27 rubbing trees versus 27 control trees from seven forest areas in Germany. The mean number of viable seeds and the plant species number were higher in soil samples near rubbing trees compared with control trees. Ten of the 20 most frequent species were more frequent, and many species exclusively appeared in the soil samples near rubbing trees. The large number of plant species and seeds – approximated > 1000 per tree – in the soils near rubbing trees is difficult to explain unless the majority were dispersed by wild boar. Hooked and bristly diaspores, i.e. those adapted to epizoochory, were more frequent, above that many species with unspecialised diaspores occurred exclusively near rubbing trees. Different to plant species closely tied to forest species which occur both in forest and open vegetation, and non-forest species were more frequent near rubbing trees compared with controls. These findings are consistent with previous studies on diaspore loads in the coats and hooves of shot wild boars. However, our method allows to identify the transport of diaspores from the open landscape into forest stands where they might especially emerge after disturbance, and a clustered distribution of epizoochorically dispersed seeds. Moreover, accumulation of seeds of wetness indicators near rubbing trees demonstrates directed dispersal of plant species inhabiting wet places between remote wallows. N2 - Das aktuelle Wissen über Prozesse, die zur Fernausbreitung von Pflanzen führen, ist trotz ihrer Bedeutung für das Überleben von Populationen und die Besiedlung neuer potenzieller Habitate noch immer sehr begrenzt. Wildlebende Großsäuger sind heutzutage vermutlich wichtige Vektoren für den Ferntransport von Diasporen innerhalb und zwischen den einzelnen Waldflächen in Mitteleuropa, und speziell das Wildschwein (Sus scrofa L.) spielt dabei offenbar eine herausragende Rolle. Wir nutzen hier ein spezifisches Verhalten des Wildschweins – Suhlen im Schlamm und nachfolgendes Scheuern an sogenannten Malbäumen – um die epizoochore Ausbreitung von Gefäßpflanzen-Diasporen einzuschätzen. Dargestellt werden die Ergebnisse von Samenbank-Untersuchungen von 27 Malbäumen im Vergleich zu 27 Kontrollbäumen aus sieben Waldgebieten in Deutschland. Sowohl die mittlere Zahl lebensfähiger Samen als auch die Artenzahl waren höher in Bodenproben neben Malbäumen. Zehn der 20 in der Samenbank verbreitetsten Pflanzenarten hatten hier ihren Schwerpunkt, und viele Arten kamen ausschließlich in den neben Malbäumen gewonnenen Proben vor. Die große Zahl von Pflanzenarten und Samen – zumindest > 1000 pro Baum – im Boden an Malbäumen lässt sich nur durch die Aktivität der Wildschweine erklären. Mit Haken oder Borsten ausgestattete, d.h. an Epizoochorie angepasste Diasporen waren häufiger, aber auch viele Arten mit unspezialisierten Diasporen kamen ausschließlich in der Samenbank bei Malbäumen vor. Anders als weitgehend an Wald gebundene Pflanzenarten waren solche, die sowohl im Wald und im Offenland vorkommen, sowie nicht im Wald vorkommende Arten häufiger neben Malbäumen als neben Kontrollbäumen. Diese Befunde stimmen mit denen früherer Untersuchungen von Diasporenladungen im Fell und in den Hufen geschossener Wildschweine überein. Unsere Methode erlaubt darüber hinaus aber die Identifizierung des Diasporentransports aus dem Offenland in die Waldbestände, wo sie insbesondere nach Störungen keimen dürften, sowie einer ungleichmäßigen Verteilung epizoochor ausgebreiteter Diasporen. Außerdem zeigt die Akkumulation von Samen von Nässezeigern neben den Malbäumen eine gezielte Ausbreitung nasse Standorte bewohnender Pflanzenarten zwischen entfernt gelegenen Suhlen. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 150 KW - Diaspore morphology KW - directed dispersal KW - epizoochory KW - long-distance dispersal KW - Sus scrofa Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46476 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hausen, Harald A1 - Bleidorn, Christoph T1 - Significance of chaetal arrangement for maldanid systematics (Annelida : Maldanidae) JF - Scientia marina : international journal on marine sciences N2 - Maldanids are usually divided into several subfamilies: Euclymeninae, Lumbriclymeninae, Maldaninae, Nicomachinae, Rhodininae, Clymenurinae, Notoproctinae, and Boguinae. The taxonomy of maldanids and the delimination of these taxa are mainly based on head morphology, total number of segments, chaetal structure, shape of the pygidium, and position of the anus. The maldanid ingroup relationships, as well as the monophyly of the proposed subfamilies, have so far not been investigated. Pilgrim (1977) described a shift of the notopodial chaetal rows from a transverse direction in anterior chaetigers to a more longitudinal one in posterior chaetigers in Clymene torquata (Leidy, 1855) and Euclymene oerstedii (Claparede, 1863), both belonging to the Euclymeninae. We investigated several maldanid species to assess the usefulness of this character for maldanid systematics and used 3D-reconstruction techniques to reveal the complete geometry of the chaetal sacs. Our investigation shows that a shift is apparent in Euclymene, Axiothella, Johnstonia (all Euclymeninae) and Clymenura (Clymenurinae), but absent in species like Maldane sarsi (Malmgren, 1865), Metasychis disparidentata (Moore, 1904) (both Maldaninae) and Petaloproctus borealis Ardwisson, 1906 (Nicomachinae). The shift is not typical for sedentary polychaetes and is apomorphic within maldanid polychaetes. It thus argues for a close relationship between Euclymeninae and Clymenurinae. The investigation of further maldanid species of different subfamilies may shed additional light on maldanid systematics. KW - Annelida KW - Polychaeta KW - Maldanidae KW - systematics KW - chaetae KW - chaetal arrangement Y1 - 2006 SN - 0214-8358 VL - 70 SP - 75 EP - 79 PB - Institut de Ciències del Mar CY - Barcelona ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lokstein, Heiko A1 - Hedke, Boris A1 - Mustroph, Angelika A1 - Kühn, Christina T1 - Signals, sensing, and plant primary metabolism Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rossmanith, Eva A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Keil, Manfred A1 - Langerwisch, F. A1 - Meyer, Jork A1 - Popp, Alexander A1 - Schmidt, Michael A1 - Schultz, Christoph A1 - Schwager, Monika A1 - Vogel, Melanie A1 - Wasiolka, Bernd A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Scaling up local population dynamics to regional scales BT - an integrated approach N2 - In semi-arid savannas, unsustainable land use can lead to degradation of entire landscapes, e.g. in the form of shrub encroachment. This leads to habitat loss and is assumed to reduce species diversity. In BIOTA phase 1, we investigated the effects of land use on population dynamics on farm scale. In phase 2 we scale up to consider the whole regional landscape consisting of a diverse mosaic of farms with different historic and present land use intensities. This mosaic creates a heterogeneous, dynamic pattern of structural diversity at a large spatial scale. Understanding how the region-wide dynamic land use pattern affects the abundance of animal and plant species requires the integration of processes on large as well as on small spatial scales. In our multidisciplinary approach, we integrate information from remote sensing, genetic and ecological field studies as well as small scale process models in a dynamic region-wide simulation tool.
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7320 N1 - [Poster] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Meina A1 - Schulte, Marc A1 - Jünemann, Nora A1 - Stöcklein, Walter F. M. A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Rhodobacter capsulatus XdhC is involved in molybdenum cofactor binding and insertion into xanthine dehydrogenase N2 - Rhodobacter capsulatus xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a cytoplasmic enzyme with an (alpha beta) 2 heterodimeric structure that is highly identical to homodimeric eukaryotic xanthine oxidoreductases. The crystal structure revealed that the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is deeply buried within the protein. A protein involved in Moco insertion and XDH maturation has been identified, which was designated XdhC. XdhC was shown to be essential for the production of active XDH but is not a subunit of the purified enzyme. Here we describe the purification of XdhC and the detailed characterization of its role for XDH maturation. We could show that XdhC binds Moco in stoichiometric amounts, which subsequently can be inserted into Moco-free apo-XDH. A specific interaction between XdhC and XdhB was identified. We show that XdhC is required for the stabilization of the sulfurated form of Moco present in enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family. Our findings imply that enzyme-specific proteins exist for the biogenesis of molybdoenzymes, coordinating Moco binding and insertion into their respective target proteins. So far, the requirement of such proteins for molybdoenzyme maturation has been described only for prokaryotes Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.jbc.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M601617200 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poschadel, Jens R. A1 - Meyer-Lucht, Yvonne A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Response to chemical cues from conspecifics reflects male mating preference for large females and avoidance of large competitors in the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis N2 - We examined chemical communication in male and female European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis). In simultaneous binary choice tests, a focal animal was given a choice between pheromones from a conspecific and a choice chamber containing untreated water. Females did not show a preference, both when male and when female stimuli were presented. On the contrary, males preferred the odor of a female over untreated water, suggesting that males actively search for females. The strength of preference was positively correlated with the body size difference between the female and the focal male, indicating that males prefer to mate with larger females. Female fecundity is positively correlated with female size in E. orbicularis, which may account for male choosiness. No overall preference for the stimulus animal was observed when males were presented cues from another male. However, the strength of preference was negatively correlated with the difference in body size. Males avoided large males, but oriented towards smaller stimulus males. This reflects that males form dominance hierarchies, where large males aggressively attack smaller ones. Far-range chemical communication probably enables males to minimize the risk of costly aggressive interactions. This is, to our knowledge, the first study on the role of chemical cues for inter-and intrasexual communication in the European pond turtle Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2007939 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/156853906776759510 SN - 0005-7959 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gessner, Jörn A1 - Arndt, Gerd-Michael A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Bartel, Ryszard A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank T1 - Remediation measures for the Baltic sturgeon: status review and perspectives JF - Journal of applied ichthyology N2 - More than one century ago, sturgeons were prevalent species in the fish communities of all major German rivers both in the North and the Baltic seas drainages. Since then, the populations declined rapidly due to river damming, overfishing and pollution. The last sturgeon catches in the Baltic drainage system occurred during the late 1960ies. Only a few individual captures have been reported during the last 30 years with the most recent records in the Lake Ladoga ( Russia), where the last confirmed catch was recorded in 1984, and a single individual caught off Estonia in 1996. Today, sturgeons are considered missing or extinct in German waters. First attempts for remediation of the species were undertaken in the mid 1990ies. Subsequently, phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of the species were carried out using mtDNA, microsatellites, and nuclear markers ( SNPs). These genetic analyses using recent and historic material have proven the existence of two different species in the Baltic Sea in what was previously considered to represent the European Atlantic sturgeon only. In the Baltic Sea, the American Atlantic sturgeon ( A. oxyrinchus) succeeded to colonize this brackish water system during the Middle Ages. In the North Sea, the European Atlantic sturgeon ( A. sturio) is considered to be the endemic species. These results led to the separation of the remediation activities in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea tributaries. Further studies on the mechanism that lead to the extinction of A. sturio in Germany and the subsequent succession of the A. oxyrinchus mtDNA haplotype are currently been carried out. Broodstock development using the northernmost populations of A. oxyrinchus is currently under way. As a further prerequisite to re-introduce this species into the Baltic, the evaluation of the status of critical habitats for the early life stages of the American Atlantic sturgeon in the River Odra has been performed in collaboration with the Institute for Inland Fisheries of Poland. Alternative fisheries techniques, based on the data of by-catch of exotic sturgeons in the fishery, are presently developed in close cooperation with the fishery to reduce fisheries related mortality in juvenile sturgeons upon release. Monitoring of habitat utilization and migration characteristics of juvenile fish upon experimental release will have to be carried out shortly, using acoustic telemetry, with the aim to follow the fate of the released fish and to determine the best time-size-release-window for future release programmes. Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00925.x SN - 0175-8659 VL - 22 IS - S1 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stepan, H A1 - Faber, R A1 - Wessel, Niels A1 - Wallukat, Gerd A1 - Schultheiss, H. P. A1 - Walther, T T1 - Relation between circulating angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibodies and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia N2 - Context: Placental and circulatory soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) has proven to be elevated in pregnant women with preeclampsia, a disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies also demonstrated an autoantibody against the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor (AT1-AA) in that disease. Objective: Both factors are discussed as key players in the etiology of preeclampsia. However, it has not yet been clarified whether these two circulating factors correlate and whether synergy determines the severity of pathology. Design: AT1-AA was retrospectively determined by a bioassay and sFlt1 by an ELISA. Patients: Serum from second-trimester pregnancies with normal or abnormal uterine perfusion and in women at term with or without pregnancy pathology was analyzed. Results: Most of the preeclamptic patients were characterized by high sFlt1 levels and the presence of AT1-AA, although the agonistic effects of the antibody did not correlate with the sFlt1 concentrations (P = 0.85). Although AT1- AA was also detected in second-trimester pregnancies evidencing abnormal uterine perfusion without later pathology, sFlt1 was not significantly elevated in these pregnancies, compared with those with normal uterine perfusion. However, whereas women with abnormal perfusion and later pregnancy pathology did not differ in AT1-AA, compared with those with normal outcome, sFlt1 was significantly increased. Again, the two factors did not correlate (P = 0.15). Conclusions: We conclude that AT1-AA bioactivity and sFlt1 concentrations do not correlate, are not mutually dependent, and are thus probably involved in distinct pathogenetic mechanisms. Both factors in combination may not be causative for the early impaired trophoblast invasion and pathological uterine perfusion Y1 - 2006 UR - http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/91/6/2424.full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1210/Jc.2005-2698 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riesch, Rüdiger A1 - Schlupp, Ingo A1 - Tobler, Michael A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Reduction of the association preference for conspecifics in cave-dwelling Atlantic mollies, Poecilia mexicana JF - Behavioral ecology and sociobiology N2 - Cave animals are widely recognised as model organisms to study regressive evolutionary processes like the reduction of eyes. In this paper, we report on the regressive evolution of species discrimination in the cave molly, Poecilia mexicana, which, unlike other cave fishes, still has functional eyes. This allowed us to examine the response to both visual and non-visual cues involved in species discrimination. When surface-dwelling females were given a chance to associate with either a conspecific or a swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) female, they strongly preferred the conspecific female both when multiple cues and when solely visual cues were available to the female. No association preference was observed when only non-visual cues were provided. In contrast, cave-dwelling females showed no preference under all testing conditions, suggesting that species recognition mechanisms have been reduced. We discuss the role of species discrimination in relation to habitat differences. KW - cave fish KW - Poeciliidae KW - Xiphophorus KW - shoaling KW - species recognition Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0223-z SN - 0340-5443 VL - 60 SP - 794 EP - 802 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreft, Oliver A1 - Georgieva, Radostina A1 - Bäumler, Hans A1 - Steup, Martin A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Sukhorukov, Gleb B. A1 - Möhwald, Helmuth T1 - Red blood cell templated polyelectrolyte capsules : a novel vehicle for the stable encapsulation of DNA and proteins N2 - A novel method for the encapsulation of biomacromolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, into polyelectrolyte microcapsules is described. Fluorescence-labelled double-stranded DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) are used as model substances for encapsulation in hollow microcapsules templated on human erythrocytes. The encapsulation procedure involves an intermediate drying C, step. The accumulation of DNA and HSA in the capsules is observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, UV spectroscopy, and flourimetry. The mechanism of encapsulation is discussed Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/10003270 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200500777 SN - 1022-1336 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schauer, Nicolas T1 - Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for metabolite accumulation and metabolic regulation : metabolite profiling of interspecific crosses of tomato T1 - Metabolomische Analyse von interspezifischen Tomaten N2 - The advent of large-scale and high-throughput technologies has recently caused a shift in focus in contemporary biology from decades of reductionism towards a more systemic view. Alongside the availability of genome sequences the exploration of organisms utilizing such approach should give rise to a more comprehensive understanding of complex systems. Domestication and intensive breeding of crop plants has led to a parallel narrowing of their genetic basis. The potential to improve crops by conventional breeding using elite cultivars is therefore rather limited and molecular technologies, such as marker assisted selection (MAS) are currently being exploited to re-introduce allelic variance from wild species. Molecular breeding strategies have mostly focused on the introduction of yield or resistance related traits to date. However given that medical research has highlighted the importance of crop compositional quality in the human diet this research field is rapidly becoming more important. Chemical composition of biological tissues can be efficiently assessed by metabolite profiling techniques, which allow the multivariate detection of metabolites of a given biological sample. Here, a GC/MS metabolite profiling approach has been applied to investigate natural variation of tomatoes with respect to the chemical composition of their fruits. The establishment of a mass spectral and retention index (MSRI) library was a prerequisite for this work in order to establish a framework for the identification of metabolites from a complex mixture. As mass spectral and retention index information is highly important for the metabolomics community this library was made publicly available. Metabolite profiling of tomato wild species revealed large differences in the chemical composition, especially of amino and organic acids, as well as on the sugar composition and secondary metabolites. Intriguingly, the analysis of a set of S. pennellii introgression lines (IL) identified 889 quantitative trait loci of compositional quality and 326 yield-associated traits. These traits are characterized by increases/decreases not only of single metabolites but also of entire metabolic pathways, thus highlighting the potential of this approach in uncovering novel aspects of metabolic regulation. Finally the biosynthetic pathway of the phenylalanine-derived fruit volatiles phenylethanol and phenylacetaldehyde was elucidated via a combination of metabolic profiling of natural variation, stable isotope tracer experiments and reverse genetic experimentation. N2 - Die Einführung von Hochdurchsatzmethoden zur Analyse von biologischen Systemen, sowie die umfangreiche Sequenzierung von Genomen haben zu einer Verlagerung der Forschung „im Detail“ zu einer ganzheitlicheren Betrachtungsweise auf Systemebene geführt. Aus einer jahrhundertlangen, intensiven Züchtung und Selektion von Nutzpflanzen resultierte gleichzeitig eine Abnahme der genetischen Varianz. Daraus resultierend sind Nutzpflanzen anfälliger gegenüber Stressfaktoren, wie Pathogenen, hohen Salzkonzentrationen oder Trockenheit, als ihre Wildarten. Das Potential konventioneller Züchtung scheint somit heute an seine Grenzen gekommen zu sein. Daher versucht man mittels moderner Molekulartechnik, wie zum Beispiel Marker-gestützte Selektion, Gene oder ganze Genombereiche von Wildarten mit hoher genetischer Variation in Nutzpflanzen einzukreuzen, vornehmlich mit dem Ziel einer Ertrags- bzw. Resistenzsteigerung. Neueste medizinische Studien belegen, dass die Ernährung eine wesentliche Rolle für die menschliche Gesundheit spielt. Besonders wichtig sind hierbei die gesundheitsfördernden Substanzen in pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln. Aus diesem Grund kommt der Erforschung der biochemischen Zusammensetzung von biologischen Proben eine immer größere Bedeutung zu. Diese Untersuchung kann elegant durch Metabolitenprofile, welche die multivariate Analyse komplexer biologischer Proben erlauben, durchgeführt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde zur Untersuchung der biochemischen Zusammensetzung von Tomatenwildarten und interspezifischen S. pennellii Tomatenintrogressionslinien (IL) eine GC/MS basierte Metabolitenanalyseplattform verwendet. Hierzu war es zunächst notwendig eine Massenspektrenbibliothek, zur Annotierung von Massenspektren und Retentionsindices von, in pflanzlichen Proben vorkommenden, Metaboliten anzulegen. Die Analyse der Tomatenwildarten ergab große Unterschiede gegenüber der Kulturtomate im Hinblick auf den Gehalt an Amino- und organischen Säuren, sowie der Zuckerzusammensetzung und den Gehalt an Sekundärmetaboliten. Die darauf folgende Analyse der ILs, von den jede ein genau definiertes genomisches Segment von S. pennellii beinhaltet, bestätigte diese enorme Variation mit 889 metabolischen und 326 ertragsassozierten-Veränderungen in den ILs. Die metabolischen Veränderungen zeichneten sich durch abnehmende bzw. steigende Gehalte von einzelnen Metaboliten, aber auch durch eine koordinierte Änderung aus. In dieser Arbeit wurde weiterhin der Biosyntheseweg der Volatilenstoffe Phenylethanol und Phenylacetaldehyd mit Hilfe einer IL untersucht. Hierbei konnten durch stabile Isotopenmarkierung und eines „reverse genetics“-Ansatzes Gene bzw. Enzyme identifiziert werden, die für die Dekarboxylierung des Eduktes Phenylalanin verantwortlich sind. Diese Arbeit beschreibt erstmals die umfassende Analyse von biochemischen Komponenten auf Genombasis in Tomatenintrogressionslinien und zeigt damit ein Werkzeug auf zur Identifizierung von qualitativen biochemischen Merkmalen in der modernen molekularen Züchtung. KW - Tomate KW - Metabolit KW - GC-MS KW - Introgression KW - Frucht KW - Metabolome KW - Züchtung KW - metabolic genomics KW - Tomato KW - metabolite profiling KW - metabolome KW - breeding KW - crops KW - fruit KW - metabolite breeding KW - metabolic genomics Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7643 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stobiecki, Maciej A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Kerhoas, L. A1 - Kachlicki, P. A1 - Muth, D. A1 - Einhorn, J. A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd T1 - Profiling of phenolic glycosidic conjugates in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using LC/MS JF - Metabolomics : the official journal of the Metabolomics Society N2 - Profiling of plant secondary metabolites is still a very difficult task. Liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with different kinds of detectors are methods of choice for analysis of polar, thermo labile compounds with high molecular masses. We demonstrate the applicability of LC combined with UV diode array or/and mass spectrometric detectors for the unambiguous identification and quantification of flavonoid conjugates isolated from Arahidopsis thaliana leaves of different genotypes and grown in different environmental conditions. During LC/UV/MS/MS analyses we were able to identify tetra-, tri, and di-glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Based on our results we can conclude that due to the co-elution of different chemical compounds in reversed phase H PLC systems the application of UV detectors does not allow to precisely profile all flavonoid conjugates existing in A. thaliana genotypes. Using MS detection it was possible to unambiguously recognize the glycosylation patterns of the aglycones. However, from the mass spectra we could not conclude neither the anomeric form of the C-1 carbon atoms of sugar moieties in glycosidic bonds between sugars or sugar and aglycone nor the position of the second carbon involved in disaccharides. The applicability of collision induced dissociation techniques (CID MS/MS) for structural analyses of the studied group of plant secondary metabolites with two types of analyzers (triple quadrupole or ion trap) was demonstrated. KW - liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry KW - metabolite profiling KW - metabolomics KW - flavonoid glycosides Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-006-0031-5 SN - 1573-3882 VL - 2 SP - 197 EP - 219 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wichmann, Matthias A1 - Dean, W. R. J. A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Predicting the breeding success of large raptors in arid southern Africa : a first assessment N2 - Raptors are often priorities for conservation efforts and breeding success is a target measure for assessing their conservation status. The breeding success of large raptors in and southern Africa is thought to be higher in years of high rainfall. While this correlation has been found in several studies, it has not yet been shown for data from a wider geographical area. In conservation research, it is important to explore the differences between spatially- separated populations to estimate and to compare their conservation status, and to deduce specific management strategies. Using a theoretical approach, we develop a simplistic model to explain the breeding success-rainfall relationship in large African raptors at larger spatial scales. Secondly, we validate this model and we show that the inclusion of field data leads to consistent predictions. In particular, we recommend that the average size of the 'effective territory' should be included in the relationship between annual rainfall and breeding success of raptors in and southern Africa. Accordingly, we suggest that breeding success is a function of precipitation and inter- nest distance. We present a new measure of territory quality depending on rainfall and territory size. We suggest that our model provides a useful first approach to assess breeding success in large raptors of and southern Africa. However, we strongly emphasise the need to gather more data to further verify our model. A general problem in conservation research is to compare the status of populations assessed in different study areas under changing environmental conditions. Our simplistic approach indicates that this problem can be overcome by using a weighted evaluation of a target measure (i.e. breeding success), taking regional differences into account Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidtke, Andrea A1 - Bell, Elanor M. A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Potential grazing impact of the mixotrophic flagellate Ochromonas sp. (Chrysophyceae) on bacteria in an extremely acidic lake N2 - Flagellates are important bacterial grazers in most planktonic food webs. The prey-size preference of the mixotrophic flagellate, Ochromonas sp. (Chrysophyceae), isolated from an extremely acidic lake, Lake 111 (pH 2.6), was determined using fluorescently labelled microspheres (beads). According to grazing experiments with cultured bacteria, also isolated from Lake 111, the potential grazing impact on Lake 111"s single-celled bacterial production was calculated. Ochromonas sp. ingested the smallest beads offered (0.5 µm diameter) at the highest rate. Ingestion rate declined with increasing bead size. The highest prey volume-specific ingestion was measured for Ochromonas sp. feeding on intermediate-sized beads (1.9 µm). Ingestion rates were low due in part to the large fraction of inactive flagellates observed. According to the bacterial ingestion rate, a mean of 88% (epilimnion) and 68% (hypolimnion) of in situ single- celled bacterial production is potentially grazed daily by Ochromonas sp. In the epilimnion of Lake 111, the heterotrophic carbon gain is three times higher than the autotrophic production. Alongside carbon uptake, Ochromonas sp. also benefits from ingesting bacteria through the uptake of phosphorus. A biovolume minimum corresponding to the prey size at which Ochromonas sp. feeds most efficiently occurred in the Lake 111 epilimnetic bacterial community, implying top-down control of the bacterial community by Ochromonas sp. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/11/991.full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbl034 SN - 0142-7873 SN - 1464-3774 VL - 28 IS - 11 SP - 991 EP - 1001 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sato, A A1 - Gambale, Franco A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Uozumi, N T1 - Posttranslational inodification affects K+ current of plant K+ channel Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hobbhahn, Nina A1 - Küchmeister, Heike A1 - Porembski, Stefan T1 - Pollination biology of mass flowering terrestrial Utricularia species (Lentibulariaceae) in the Indian Western Ghats JF - Plant biology N2 - The pollination biology of three mass flowering Utricularia species of the Indian Western Ghats, U. albocaerulea, U. purpurascens, and U. reticulata, was studied for the first time by extensive observation of flower visitors, pollination experiments, and nectar analyses. The ephemerality of the Utricularia habitats on lateritic plateaus, weather conditions adverse to insects, lack of observations of flower visitors to other Utricularia spp., and the predominance of at least. facultative autogamy in the few Utricularia species studied so far suggested that an autogamous breeding system is the common case in the genus. In contrast, we showed that the studied populations are incapable of autonomous selfing, or that it is an event of negligible rarity, although P/O was similarily low as in autogamous species investigated by other authors. In all three species the spatial arrangement of the reproductive organs makes an insect vector necessary for pollen transfer between and within flowers. However, U. purpurascens and U. reticulata are highly self-compatible, which allows for visitor-mediated auto-selfing and geitonogamy on inflorescence and clone level. Floral nectar is present in extremely small volumes in all three species, but sugar concentrations are high. More than 50 species of bees, butterflies, moths, hawk moths, and clipterans were observed to visit the flowers, and flower morphology facilitated pollination by all observed visitors. The results are discussed in the context of the phenological characteristics of the studied species, especially the phenomenon of mass flowering, and the environmental conditions of their habitats. KW - Lentibulariaceae KW - Utricularia KW - mass flowering KW - carnivory KW - India KW - Western Ghats KW - pollination Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924566 SN - 1435-8603 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 791 EP - 804 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dauvillee, David A1 - Chochois, Vincent A1 - Steup, Martin A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Eckermann, Nora A1 - Ritte, Gerhard A1 - Ral, Jean-Philippe A1 - Colleoni, Christophe A1 - Hicks, Glenn A1 - Wattebled, Fabrice A1 - Deschamps, Philippe A1 - Lienard, Luc A1 - Cournac, Laurent A1 - Putaux, Jean-Luc A1 - Dupeyre, Danielle A1 - Ball, Steven G. T1 - Plastidial phosphorylase is required for normal starch synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii JF - The plant journal N2 - Among the three distinct starch phosphorylase activities detected in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, two distinct plastidial enzymes (PhoA and PhoB) are documented while a single extraplastidial form (PhoC) displays a higher affinity for glycogen as in vascular plants. The two plastidial phosphorylases are shown to function as homodimers containing two 91-kDa (PhoA) subunits and two 110-kDa (PhoB) subunits. Both lack the typical 80-amino-acid insertion found in the higher plant plastidial forms. PhoB is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by ADP-glucose and has a low affinity for malto-oligosaccharides. PhoA is more similar to the higher plant plastidial phosphorylases: it is moderately sensitive to ADP-glucose inhibition and has a high affinity for unbranched malto-oligosaccharides. Molecular analysis establishes that STA4 encodes PhoB. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains carrying mutations at the STA4 locus display a significant decrease in amounts of starch during storage that correlates with the accumulation of abnormally shaped granules containing a modified amylopectin structure and a high amylose content. The wild-type phenotype could be rescued by reintroduction of the cloned wild-type genomic DNA, thereby demonstrating the involvement of phosphorylase in storage starch synthesis. KW - Chlamydomonas KW - starch KW - amylopectin KW - (glycogen) starch phosphorylase Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02870.x SN - 0960-7412 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 274 EP - 285 PB - Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krikunova, Maria A1 - Lokstein, Heiko A1 - Leupold, Dieter A1 - Hiller, Roger G. A1 - Voigt, B. T1 - Pigment-pigment interactions in PCP of Amphidinium carterae investigated by nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain N2 - Peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) is a unique antenna complex in dinoflagellates that employs peridinin (a carotenoid) as its main light-harvesting pigment. Strong excitonic interactions between peridinins, as well as between peridinins and chlorophylls (Chls) a, can be expected from the short intermolecular distances revealed by the crystal structure. Different experimental approaches of nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) were used to investigate the various interactions between pigments in PCP of Amphidinium carterae at room temperature. Lineshapes of NLPF spectra indicate strong excitonic interactions between the peridinin's optically allowed S-2 (1Bu(+)) states. A comprehensive subband analysis of the distinct NLPF spectral substructure in the peridinin region allows us to assign peridinin subbands to the two Chls a in PCP having different S-1-state lifetimes. Peridinin subbands at 487, 501, and 535 nm were assigned to the longer-lived Chl, whereas a peridinin subband peaking at 515 nm was detected in both clusters. Certain peridinin(s), obviously corresponding to the subband centered at 487 nm, show(s) specific (possibly Coulombic?) interaction between the optically dark S-1(2A(g)(-)) and/or intramolecular charge- transfer (ICT) state and S-1 of Chl a. The NLPF spectrum, hence, indicates that this peridinin state is approximately isoenergetic or slightly above S-1 of Chl a. A global subband analysis of absorption and NLPF spectra reveals that the Chl a Q(y)-band consists of two subbands ( peaking at 669 and 675 nm and having different lifetimes), confirmed by NLPF spectra recorded at high pump intensities. At the highest applied pump intensities an additional band centered at <= 660 nm appears, suggesting-together with the above results-an assignment to a low-dipole moment S-0-> S-1/ICT transition of peridinin Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumann, Otto A1 - Lutz, Kathleen T1 - Photoreceptor morphogenesis in the Drosophila compound eye : R1-R6 rhabdomeres become twisted just before eclosion N2 - The photosensitive microvilli of Drosophila photoreceptors R1-R6 are not aligned in parallel over the entire length of the visual cells. In the distal half of each cell, the microvilli are slightly tilted toward one side and, in the proximal half, extremely toward the opposite side. This phenomenon, termed rhabdomere twisting, has been known for several decades, but the developmental and cell biological basis of rhabdomere twisting has not been studied so far. We show that rhabdomere twisting is also manifested as molecular polarization of the visual cell, because phosphotyrosine- containing proteins are selectively partitioned to different sides of the rhabdomere stalk in the distal. and proximal sections of each R1-R6 photoreceptor. Both the asymmetrical segregation of phosphotyrosine proteins and the tilting of the microvilli occur shortly before eclosion of the flies, when eye development in all other aspects is considered to be essentially complete. Establishment of rhabdomere twisting occurs in a light-independent manner, because phosphotyrosine staining is unchanged in dark-reared wild-type flies and in mutants with defects in the phototransduction cascade, ninaE(17) and norpA(P24). We conclude that antiphosphotyrosine immunofluorescence can be used as a light microscopic probe for the analysis of rhabdomere twisting and that microvilli tilting represents a type of planar cell polarity that is established by an active process in the last phase of photoreceptor morphogenesis, just prior to eclosion of the flies. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/31248 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/Cne.21030 SN - 0021-9967 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Köchy, Martin T1 - Photodegradation of grass litter in semi-arid grasslands : a global perspective N2 - In a recent contribution in Nature (vol. 442, pp. 555-558) Austin & Vivanco showed that sunlight is the dominant factor for decomposition of grass litter in a semi-arid grassland in Argentine. The quantification of this effect was portrayed as a novel finding. I put this result in the context of three other publications from as early as 1980 that quantified photodegradation. My synopsis shows that photodegradation is an important process in semi-arid grasslands in South America, North America and eastern Europe. KW - Laubstreu KW - semi-arides Grasland KW - abiotische Zersetzung KW - UV-Licht KW - Schatten KW - leaf litter KW - semi-arid grassland KW - abiotic decomposition KW - UV radiation KW - shade Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ritte, Gerhard A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Mahlow, Sebastian A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Koetting, Oliver A1 - Steup, Martin T1 - Phosphorylation of C6- and C3-positions of glucosyl residues in starch is catalysed by distinct dikinases JF - FEBS letters : the journal for rapid publication of short reports in molecular biosciences N2 - Glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) are required for normal starch metabolism. We analysed starch phosphorylation in Arabidopsis wildtype plants and mutants lacking either GWD or PWD using P-31 NMR. Phosphorylation at both C6- and C3-positions of glucose moieties in starch was drastically decreased in GWD-deficient mutants. In starch from PWD-deficient plants C3-bound phosphate was reduced to levels close to the detection limit. The latter result contrasts with previous reports according to which GWD phosphorylates both C6- and C3-positions. In these studies, phosphorylation had been analysed by HPLC of acid-hydrolysed glucans. We now show that maltose-6-phosphate, a product of incomplete starch hydrolysis, co-eluted with glucose-3-phosphate under the chromatographic conditions applied. Re-examination of the specificity of the dikinases using an improved method demonstrates that C6- and C3-phosphorylation is selectively catalysed by GWD and PWD, respectively. KW - starch phosphorylation KW - GWD KW - PWD KW - P-31 NMR Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.085 SN - 0014-5793 VL - 580 IS - 20 SP - 4872 EP - 4876 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andresen, Heiko A1 - Grötzinger, Carsten A1 - Zarse, Kim A1 - Birringer, Marc A1 - Hessenius, Carsten A1 - Kreuzer, Oliver Johannes A1 - Ehrentreich-Förster, Eva A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian T1 - Peptide microarrays with site-specifically immobilized synthetic peptides for antibody diagnostics N2 - Peptide microarrays bear the potential to discover molecular recognition events on protein level, particularly in the field of molecular immunology, in a manner and with an efficiency comparable to the performance of DNA microarrays. We developed a novel peptide microarray platform for the detection of antibodies in liquid samples. The system comprises site-specific solution phase coupling of biotinylated peptides to NeutrAvidin, localized microdispensing of peptide-NeutrAvidin conjugates onto activated glass slides and a fluorescence immuno sandwich assay format for antibody capture and detection. Our work includes synthetic peptides deduced from amino acid sequences of immunodominant linear epitopes, such as the T7 phage capsid protein, Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, c-myc protein and three domains of the Human coronavirus 229E polymerase polyprotein. We demonstrate that our method produces peptide arrays with excellent spot morphology which are capable of specific and sensitive detection of monoclonal antibodies from fluid samples. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09254005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.033 SN - 0925-4005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greil, Holle T1 - Patterns of sexual dimorphism from birth to senescence JF - Collegium antropologicum N2 - Sexual dimorphism is expressed as median of the female values in percent of the median of the male values, of 4 length measurements, 3 circumferences, and 5 measurements of corpulence respectively fat. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of more than 41.000 German subjects, aged from birth to age 62. The pattern of sexual dimorphism is similar in the length measurements. Girls are shorter at birth, but they increase in length at higher rates than boys and even temporarily overgrow the boys up to age 12. Thereafter, males show an obvious growth advantage leading to some 6 to 9% more length in adult males. In contrast, female circumferences are always smaller, from birth to senescence. Though, the differences between the sexes are low in circumferences, up to age 13, sexual dimorphism increases to 17% in the thoracic circumference at adulthood. Sexual dimorphism in weight and BMI is comparably with that in length measurements while subcutaneous fat and total body fat content are always higher in females. The results highlight that sexual dimorphism develops at different pace in the various components of the body and that it associates with a sex specific growth tempo. KW - sexual dimorphism KW - biological age KW - growth-age KW - adulthood Y1 - 2006 SN - 0350-6134 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 637 EP - 641 PB - Institute for Anthropological Research CY - Zagreb ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apio, Ann A1 - Plath, Martin A1 - Wronski, Torsten T1 - Patterns of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus from the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda JF - Journal of helminthology N2 - Seasonal, host sex and age-related variations in helminth egg and coccidian oocyst counts were investigated in a naturally infected wild bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) population in Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda from April 2000 to February 2002. The prevalence and mean intensity quantified as the number of eggs and oocysts per gram of faeces were taken as a measure of parasite burdens. Host sex and age-related differences in prevalence values were not found but the overall prevalence of Eimeria sp. was significantly higher during the rainy season, and peak counts were recorded either during or soon after a peak rainfall. A similar trend was observed for Moniezia spp., although the results were marginally not significant. There were also no significant differences in mean intensity values, relative to host sex, age or season. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1076/JOH2006343 SN - 0022-149X VL - 80 IS - 3 SP - 213 EP - 218 PB - Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krylov, Andrey. V. A1 - Adamzig, H. A1 - Walter, A. D. A1 - Loechel, B. A1 - Kurth, E. A1 - Pulz, O. A1 - Szeponik, Jan A1 - Wegerich, Franziska A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Parallel generation and detection of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in a fluidic chip JF - Sensors and actuators : B, Chemical N2 - A fluidic chip system was developed, which combines a stable generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide with their sensorial detection. The generation of both reactive oxygen species was achieved by immobilization of xanthine oxidase on controlled pore glass in a reaction chamber. Antioxidants can be introduced into the fluidic chip system by means of mixing chamber. The detection of both species is based on the amperometric principle using a biosensor chip with two working electrodes. As sensing protein for both electrodes cytochrome c was used. The novel system was designed for the quantification of the antioxidant efficiency of different potential scavengers of the respective reactive species in an aqueous medium. Several model antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or catalase have been tested under flow conditions. KW - biosensor KW - cytochrome c KW - flow system KW - reactive oxygen species KW - antioxidant Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.062 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 119 IS - 1 SP - 118 EP - 126 PB - Elsevier CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Palaeo-moisture evolution in monsoonal Central Asia during the last 50,000 years N2 - The late-Quaternary climate history of monsoonal Central Asia was inferred from 75 palaeoclimatic records which provide information about moisture conditions in the last 50 ka (or part of this period). Wet conditions occurred during middle and late Marine Isotope Stage 3, while the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was characterized by dry climate conditions in the region. A stepwise climate amelioration is suggested by the climate records following the LGM. Several climate signals of this period, which were reported from high-latitude ice core records, are preserved in archives from monsoonal Central Asia as well. During the early Holocene, high effective moisture was inferred from most records from the area dominated by the Indian Monsoon (e.g. the Tibetan Plateau) suggesting that Holocene optimal climate conditions occurred there during this period. In contrast, areas which are dominated by the South-East Asian monsoon (SE Monsoon) and the Westerlies (in north-western and north-central China, Mongolia) do not uniformly show an early Holocene climate optimum. For this area optimal conditions prevailed during the mid-Holocene. These apparent contradictions can possibly be explained by the regional uplift and descent of air masses in the Holocene. During the early Holocene, strengthened insolation possibly caused an enhanced low-level convergence over the Tibetan Plateau which led to the intensification of the summer monsoon. The strong air uplift caused intensified precipitation and air divergence in the upper troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau. The areas adjacent to the north therefore experienced an intensified descent of air masses and consequently increased aridity. The majority of the palaeoclimatic records suggest reduced effective moisture since the late Holocene in the region. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02773791 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.02.006 SN - 0277-3791 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knösche, Rüdiger T1 - Organic sediment nutrient concentrations and their relationship with the hydrological connectivity of floodplain waters (River Havel, NE Germany) N2 - Investigations on large canalised rivers, for example the Danube, have shown that transported particulate matter, which is typically inorganic, is predominantly deposited in waters near the river's main channel. This investigation deals with the lower section of the River Havel (NE Germany), a canalised lowland river with a very flat floodplain. This river is highly polluted by nutrients from urban areas (Berlin) and a long chain of river lakes produces high concentrations of phytoplankton. Due to the high proportion of planktogenic detritus, it was hypothesised that greater quantities of nutrient-rich fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) would be deposited in floodplain waters located further from the main channel than has been reported for large rivers.The total nutrient, P-binding metal (Fe, Al, and Mn), organic and inorganic carbon (TOC, TIC) contents of the upper organic sediment layer (0 - 4 cm) were analysed in samples collected from 48 floodplain water and river sites. The sediment bulk density, calculated on the basis of dry mass content and loss on ignition, was used to characterize the waters according to the impact of the river current. The results showed that the variability of total phosphorus (TP) was best explained by the variability of total iron (TFe, R2 = 0.52). The floodplain water sediments could clearly be separated into two groups on the basis of the sediment particle size composition, and of the element ratios TOC:TP, TN:TP, primarily TFe:TP. The sediments from impounded river sections and from mouth sections of backwaters (approx. 100 - 200 m) were characterized by a high proportion particles from the 0.1 - 0.5 mm size fraction and by homogeneous, low TFe:TP, TOC:TP and TN:TP ratios. Sediments from distal sections of backwaters and of oxbow lakes tended to exhibit high element ratios with much higher variability. These results were interpreted as a spatially limited impact of the river on the floodplain water sediments. Contrary to expectation, the phosphorus bound in river seston was predominantly and very homogeneously deposited in the impounded river and mouth sections of backwaters. This implies that the inundation of the floodplain waters during spring floods seems to have no important material impact on the sediments in waters of low hydrologically connectivity with the River Havel. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Köchy, Martin T1 - Opposite trends in life stages of annual plants caused by daily rainfall variability - interaction with climate change N2 - Global Circulation Models of climate predict not only a change of annual precipitation amounts but also a shift in the daily distribution. To improve the understanding of the importance of daily rain pattern for annual plant communities, which represent a large portion of semi-natural vegetation in the Middle East, I used a detailed, spatially explicit model. The model explicitly considers water storage in the soil and has been parameterized and validated with data collected in field experiments in Israel and data from the literature. I manipulated daily rainfall variability by increasing the mean daily rain intensity on rainy days (MDI, rain volume/day) and decreasing intervals between rainy days while keeping the mean annual amount constant. In factorial combination, I also increased mean annual precipitation (MAP). I considered five climatic regions characterized by 100, 300, 450, 600, and 800 mm MAP. Increasing MDI decreased establishment when MAP was >250 mm but increased establishment at more arid sites. The negative effect of increasing MDI was compensated by increasing mortality with increasing MDI in dry and typical Mediterranean regions (c. 360-720 mm MAP). These effects were strongly tied to water availability in upper and lower soil layers and modified by competition among seedlings and adults. Increasing MAP generally increased water availability, establishment, and density. The order of magnitudes of MDI and MAP effects overlapped partially so that their combined effect is important for projections of climate change effects on annual vegetation. The effect size of MAP and MDI followed a sigmoid curve along the MAP gradient indicating that the semi-arid region (?300 mm MAP) is the most sensitive to precipitation change with regard to annual communities. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.martinkoechy.de/research/papers/Koechy2006.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Köchy, Martin T1 - Opposite trends in life stages of annual plants caused by daily rainfall variability BT - interaction with climate change N2 - Global Circulation Models of climate predict not only a change of annual precipitation amounts but also a shift in the daily distribution. To improve the understanding of the importance of daily rain pattern for annual plant communities, which represent a large portion of semi-natural vegetation in the Middle East, I used a detailed, spatially explicit model. The model explicitly considers water storage in the soil and has been parameterized and validated with data collected in field experiments in Israel and data from the literature. I manipulated daily rainfall variability by increasing the mean daily rain intensity on rainy days (MDI, rain volume/day) and decreasing intervals between rainy days while keeping the mean annual amount constant. In factorial combination, I also increased mean annual precipitation (MAP). I considered five climatic regions characterized by 100, 300, 450, 600, and 800 mm MAP. Increasing MDI decreased establishment when MAP was >250 mm but increased establishment at more arid sites. The negative effect of increasing MDI was compensated by increasing mortality with increasing MDI in dry and typical Mediterranean regions (c. 360–720 mm MAP). These effects were strongly tied to water availability in upper and lower soil layers and modified by competition among seedlings and adults. Increasing MAP generally increased water availability, establishment, and density. The order of magnitudes of MDI and MAP effects overlapped partially so that their combined effect is important for projections of climate change effects on annual vegetation. The effect size of MAP and MDI followed a sigmoid curve along the MAP gradient indicating that the semi-arid region (≈300 mm MAP) is the most sensitive to precipitation change with regard to annual communitie KW - Klimaänderung KW - Klimawandel KW - Einjahrespflanzen KW - Schwankung KW - tägliche Regenmenge KW - Israel KW - climate change KW - daily rainfall variability KW - annual plant KW - Israel Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14699 SP - 347 EP - 357 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiffers, Katja A1 - Tielbörger, Katja T1 - Ontogenetic shifts in interactions among annual plants N2 - 1.Interactions among plants are key processes that strongly influence the structure and dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, most empirical studies of plant-plant inter­actions failed to repeatedly measure the plants? response to neighboring individuals and thereby neglected possible changes in interactions through­out the life history of the plants.2.Here, we tested the hypo­thesis that competition between annual species intensifies from early to late life history stages. To test this hypothesis, we sequentially measured interactions at different levels of water stress. 3.For this purpose, we con­ducted neighbor-removal experiments in three study sites located along a climatic gradient in Israel. The two annual species Biscutella didyma and Hymenocarpos circinnatus were used as target plants. They grew with and without neighbors in their natural habitats. Five response variables, according to the consecutive life-history stages, (seedling survival, juvenile biomass, adult survival, number of seeds and final biomass) were recorded through­out the whole growing season. 4.The results suggest that direction and inten­sity of inter­actions varied consider­ably between environ­ments and life stages. On average, growth-related response variables indicated higher competition intensity at the productive end of the climatic gradient, while survival indicated either facilitation at the dry end or no trend along the gradient. 5.Considering the temporal aspect, moderate facili­tation short after germi­nation shifted to strong compe­tition at the end of the growing season. 6.Our results highlight that the outcome of experi­mental studies on plant-plant inter­actions may not only depend on the environ­mental productivity but even more on the life stage at which a target plant is found. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01097.x/pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01097.x ER -