TY  - JOUR
A1  - Charron, Eric
A1  - Cirone, M. A.
A1  - Negretti, Antonio
A1  - Schmiedmayer, Jörg
A1  - Calarco, Tommaso
T1  - Theoretical analysis of a realistic atom-chip quantum gate
N2  - We present a detailed, realistic analysis of the implementation of a proposal for a quantum phase gate based on atomic vibrational states, specializing it to neutral rubidium atoms on atom chips. We show how to create a double-well potential with static currents on the atom chips, using for all relevant parameters values that are achieved with present technology. The potential barrier between the two wells can be modified by varying the currents in order to realize a quantum phase gate for qubit states encoded in the atomic external degree of freedom. The gate performance is analyzed through numerical simulations; the operation time is similar to 10 ms with a performance fidelity above 99.9%. For storage of the state between the operations the qubit state can be transferred efficiently via Raman transitions to two hyperfine states, where its decoherence is strongly inhibited. In addition we discuss the limits imposed by the proximity of the surface to the gate fidelity.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://pra.aps.org/
SN  - 1050-2947
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Changphas, Thawhat
T1  - The order of hypersubstitutions of type tau = (3)
N2  - Hypersubstitutions were introduced in [3] as a way of making precise the concepts of hyperidentity and M- hyperidentity. The monoid of hypersubstitutions has been widely studied by many authors. Knowledge of the monoid of hypersubstitutions can be applied to the concept of M-hyperidentities. In this paper, we show that the order of hypersubstitutions of type tau = (3) is 1, 2, 3 or infinite
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://ejournals.wspc.com.sg/ac/13/1302/S1005386706000277.html
SN  - 1005-3867
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cederkvist, F. Henning
A1  - Zamfir, Alina D.
A1  - Bahrke, Sven
A1  - Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
A1  - Sorlie, Morten
A1  - Peter-Katalinic, Jasna
A1  - Peter, Martin G.
T1  - Identification of a high-affinity-binding oligosaccharide by (+) nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry of a noncovalent enzyme-ligand complex
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/26737/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503168
SN  - 1433-7851
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carroll, Susanne E.
T1  - Shallow processing : a consequence of bilingualism or second language learning?
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_APS
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716406060061
SN  - 0142-7164
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carrapa, Barbara
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
A1  - Sobel, Edward
T1  - Cenozoic orogenic growth in the Central Andes : evidence from sedimentary rock provenance and apatite fission track thermochronology in the Fiambala Basin, southernmost Puna Plateau margin (NW Argentina)
N2  - Intramontane sedimentary basins along the margin of continental plateaus often preserve strata that contain fundamental information regarding the pattern of orogenic growth. The sedimentary record of the elastic Miocene-Pliocene sequence deposited in the Fiambala Basin, at the southern margin of the Puna Plateau (NW Argentina), documents the late Miocene paleodrainage evolution from headwaters to the west, towards headwaters in the ranges that constitute the border of the Puna Plateau to the north. Apatite Fission track (AFT) thermochronology of sedimentary and basement rocks show that the southern Puna Plateau was the source for the youngest, middle Miocene, detrital population detected in late Miocene rocks; and that the margin of the Puna Plateau expressed a high relief, possibly similar to or higher than at present, by late Miocene time. Cooling ages obtained from basement rocks at the southern Puna margin suggest that exhumation started in the Oligocene and continued until the middle Miocene. We interpret the basin reorganization and the creation of a high relief plateau margin to be the direct response of the source-basin system to a wholesale surface uplift event that may have occurred during the late Cenozoic in the Puna-Altiplano region. At this time coeval paleodrainage reorganization is observed not only in the Fiambala Basin, but also in different basins along the southern and eastern Puna margin, suggesting a genetic link between the last stage of plateau formation and basin response. However, this event did not cause sufficient exhumation of basin bounding ranges to be recorded by AFT thermochronology. Our new data thus document a decoupling between late Cenozoic surface uplift and exhumation in the southern Puna Plateau. High relief achieved at the Puna margin by late Miocene time is linked to Oligocene-Miocene exhumation; no significant erosion (< 3 km) has occurred since in this and highland.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0012821X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.010
SN  - 0012-821X
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carminati, Rémi
A1  - Greffet, Jean-Jacques
A1  - Henkel, Carsten
A1  - Vigoureux, Jean-Marie
T1  - Radiative and non-radiative decay of a single molecule close to a metallic nanoparticle
N2  - We study the spontaneous emission of a single emitter close to a metallic nanoparticle, with the aim to clarify the distance dependence of the radiative and non-radiative decay rates. We derive analytical formulas based on a dipole- dipole model, and show that the nonradiative decay rate follows a R-6 dependence at short distance, where R is the distance between the emitter and the center of the nanoparticle, as in Forster's energy transfer. The distance dependence of the radiative decay rate is more subtle. It is chiefly dominated by a R-3 dependence, a R-6 dependence being visible at plasmon resonance. The latter is a consequence of radiative damping in the effective dipole polarizability of the nanoparticle. The different distance behavior of the radiative and non-radiative decay rates implies that the apparent quantum yield always vanishes at short distance. Moreover, non-radiative decay is strongly enhanced when the emitter radiates at the plasmon-resonance frequency of the nanoparticle.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00304018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2005.12.009
SN  - 0030-4018
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Carlo, Anne-Sophie
T1  - Ontogeny of leptin signalling in the rat hypothalamus: Evidence for selective leptin insensitivity
Y1  - 2006
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Camacho González, Francisco
T1  - Charge-Storage mechanisms in polymer electrets
T1  - Ladungsspeicherung Mechanismen in Polymerelektreten
N2  - In view of the importance of charge storage in polymer electrets for electromechanical transducer applications, the aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the charge-retention mechanisms. Furthermore, we will try to explain how the long-term storage of charge carriers in polymeric electrets works and to identify the probable trap sites. Charge trapping and de-trapping processes were investigated in order to obtain evidence of the trap sites in polymeric electrets. The charge de-trapping behavior of two particular polymer electrets was studied by means of thermal and optical techniques. In order to obtain evidence of trapping or de-trapping, charge and dipole profiles in the thickness direction were also monitored.  In this work, the study was performed on polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) and on cyclic-olefin copolymers (COCs). PETP is a photo-electret and contains a net dipole moment that is located in the carbonyl group (C = O). The electret behavior of PETP arises from both the dipole orientation and the charge storage. In contrast to PETP, COCs are not photo-electrets and do not exhibit a net dipole moment. The electret behavior of COCs arises from the storage of charges only.  COC samples were doped with dyes in order to probe their internal electric field. COCs show shallow charge traps at 0.6 and 0.11 eV, characteristic for thermally activated processes. In addition, deep charge traps are present at 4 eV, characteristic for optically stimulated processes.  PETP films exhibit a photo-current transient with a maximum that depends on the temperature with an activation energy of 0.106 eV. The pair thermalization length (rc) calculated from this activation energy for the photo-carrier generation in PETP was estimated to be approx. 4.5 nm. The generated photo-charge carriers can recombine, interact with the trapped charge, escape through the electrodes or occupy an empty trap.  PETP possesses a small quasi-static pyroelectric coefficient (QPC): ~0.6 nC/(m²K) for unpoled samples, ~60 nC/(m²K) for poled samples and ~60 nC/(m²K) for unpoled samples under an electric bias (E ~10 V/µm). When stored charges generate an internal electric field of approx. 10 V/µm, they are able to induce a QPC comparable to that of the oriented dipoles. Moreover, we observe charge-dipole interaction. Since the raw data of the QPC-experiments on PETP samples is noisy, a numerical Fourier-filtering procedure was applied. Simulations show that the data analysis is reliable when the noise level is up to 3 times larger than the calculated pyroelectric current for the QPC.  PETP films revealed shallow traps at approx. 0.36 eV during thermally-stimulated current measurements. These energy traps are associated with molecular dipole relaxations (C = O). On the other hand, photo-activated measurements yield deep charge traps at 4.1 and 5.2 eV. The observed wavelengths belong to the transitions in PETP that are analogous to the π - π* benzene transitions. The observed charge de-trapping selectivity in the photocharge decay indicates that the charge detrapping is from a direct photon-charge interaction. Additionally, the charge de-trapping can be facilitated by photo-exciton generation and the interaction of the photo-excitons with trapped charge carriers. These results indicate that the benzene rings (C6H4) and the dipolar groups (C = O) can stabilize and share an extra charge carrier in a chemical resonance. In this way, this charge could be de-trapped in connection with the photo-transitions of the benzene ring and with the dipole relaxations.  The thermally-activated charge release shows a difference in the trap depth to its optical counterpart. This difference indicates that the trap levels depend on the de-trapping process and on the chemical nature of the trap site. That is, the processes of charge detrapping from shallow traps are related to secondary forces. The processes of charge de-trapping from deep traps are related to primary forces. Furthermore, the presence of deep trap levels causes the stability of the charge for long periods of time.
N2  - Angesichts der Bedeutung der Ladungsspeicherung in Polymerelektreten für viele Anwendungen, wie z.B. in elektromechanischen Wandler, ist es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, zum Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der kurz- und langfristigen Ladungsstabilisierung beizutragen sowie mögliche Haftstellen zu identifizieren. Ladungs- und Entladungsprozesse in Elektreten geben Hinweise auf Ladungshaftstellen. Diese Prozesse wurden mit thermischen und optischen Methoden bei gleichzeitiger Messung von Ladungs- und Polarisationprofilen untersucht. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden an Polyethylenterephthalat (PETP) und an Cyclischen-Olefin Copolymeren (COC) durchgeführt.  PETP ist ein Photoelektret und weist in der Carbonylgruppe (C = O) ein Dipolmoment auf. Die Elektreteigenschaften ergeben sich sowohl aus der Orientierungspolarisation als auch aus der Ladungsspeicherung. Im Gegensatz zu PETP ist COC kein Photoelektret und zeigt auch keine Orientierungspolarisation. Deshalb folgen die Elektreteigenschaften des COC ausschließlich aus der Ladungsspeicherung. Die COC-Proben wurden mit Farbstoffen dotiert, um das innere elektrische Feld zu untersuchen. Diese Systeme zeigen flache Ladungshaftstellen bei 0,6 und 0,11 eV, die durch thermisch stimulierte Prozesse entladen werden sowie tiefe Haftstellen bei 4 eV, die optisch stimuliert werden können.  PETP-Filme zeigen einen transienten Photostrom mit einem Maximalwert ( jp), der von der Temperatur mit einer Aktivierungsenergie von 0,106 eV abhängt. Der thermische Paarabstand (rc) kann für die Photoladungsgeneration in PETP auf ca. 4,5 nm abgeschätzt werden. Die Photoladungsträger können rekombinieren, mit den gespeicherten Ladungen interagieren, über die Elektroden entkommen oder eine leere Haftstelle einnehmen.  PETP zeigt einen kleinen quasi-statischen pyroelektrischen Koeffizienten (QPC) von ca. 0,6 nC/(m²K) für nicht polarisierte Proben, ca. 60 nC/(m²K) für polarisierte Proben und ca. 60 nC/(m²K) für nicht polarisierte Proben mit Vorspannung (E ~10 V/µm). Wenn die gespeicherten Ladungen ein internes elektrisches Feld von ca. 10 V/µm generieren können, sind sie in der Lage, einen QPC herbeizuführen, der vergleichbar mit dem von orientierten Dipolen ist. Es ist außerdem möglich, eine Ladungs-Dipol-Wechselwirkung zu beobachten. Da die QPM-Daten von PETP auf Grund des geringen Signals verrauscht sind, wurde ein numerisches Fourier-Filterverfahren angewandt. Simulationen zeigen, dass eine zuverlässige Datenanalyse noch bei einem Signal möglich ist, dessen Rauschen bis zu 3-mal größer ist als der berechnete pyroelektrische Strom.  Messungen der thermisch stimulierten Entladung von PETP-Filmen ergaben flache Haftstellen bei ca. 0,36 eV, welche mit der Dipolrelaxation der Carbonylgruppe (C = O) assoziiert sind. Messungen der photostimulierten Entladung ergaben tiefe Haftstellen bei 4,1 und 5,2 eV. Die beobachteten Wellenlängen entsprechen Übergängen in PETP analog den π - π* Übergängen in Benzol. Die beobachtete Selektivität bei der photostimulierten Entladung lässt auf eine direkte Wechselwirkung von Photonen und Ladungen schließen. Einen zusätzlichen Einfluß auf die Entladung hat die Erzeugung von Photo-Exzitonen und deren Wechselwirkung mit den gespeicherten Ladungsträgern. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Phenylringe (C6H4) und die Dipolgruppen (C = O) eine zusätzliche Ladung in einer chemischen Resonanz stabilisieren und miteinander teilen können. Daher kann die gebundene Ladung auch durch einen Photoübergang im Benzolring oder durch eine Dipolrelaxation freigesetzt werden.  Die mittels thermisch stimulierter Entladung bestimmte Tiefe der Haftstellen unterscheidet sich deutlich von den mittels photostimulierter Entladung gemessenen Werten. Flachere Haftstellen werden bei der thermisch stimulierten Entladung gefunden und können sekundären Kräften zugeordnet werden. Die tieferen Haftstellen sind chemischer Natur und können primären Kräften zugeordnet werden. Letztere sind für die Langzeitstabilität der Ladung in Polymerelektreten verantwortlich.
KW  - Charge-Storage
KW  - polymer-electret
KW  - photo-stimulated discharge
KW  - polyethylene terephthalate
KW  - cyclic-olefin copolymer
KW  - charge-dipole interaction
KW  - thermo-stimulated discharge
KW  - thermo-luminescence
KW  - trap-depth
KW  - charge profiling
KW  - charge storage
KW  - charge trap
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8756
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bölling, Christian
T1  - Comprehensive metabolite analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : method development and application to the study of environmental and genetic perturbations
T1  - Multiparallele Metabolitenanalyse in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
N2  - This study introduces a method for multiparallel analysis of small organic compounds in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, one of the premier model organisms in cell biology. The comprehensive study of the changes of metabolite composition, or metabolomics, in response to environmental, genetic or developmental signals is an important complement of other functional genomic techniques in the effort to develop an understanding of how genes, proteins and metabolites are all integrated into a seamless and dynamic network to sustain cellular functions. The sample preparation protocol was optimized to quickly inactivate enzymatic activity, achieve maximum extraction capacity and process large sample quantities. As a result of the rapid sampling, extraction and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) more than 800 analytes from a single sample can be measured, of which over a 100 could be positively identified. As part of the analysis of GC-TOF raw data, aliquot ratio analysis to systematically remove artifact signals and tools for the use of principal component analysis (PCA) on metabolomic datasets are proposed. Cells subjected to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) or iron (Fe) depleted growth conditions develop highly distinctive metabolite profiles with metabolites implicated in many different processes being affected in their concentration during adaptation to nutrient deprivation. Metabolite profiling allowed characterization of both specific and general responses to nutrient deprivation at the metabolite level. Modulation of the substrates for N-assimilation and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway indicated a priority for maintaining the capability for immediate activation of N assimilation even under conditions of decreased metabolic activity and arrested growth, while the rise in 4-hydroxyproline in S deprived cells could be related to enhanced degradation of proteins of the cell wall. The adaptation to sulfur deficiency was analyzed with greater temporal resolution and responses of wild-type cells were compared with mutant cells deficient in SAC1, an important regulator of the sulfur deficiency response. Whereas concurrent metabolite depletion and accumulation occurs during adaptation to S deprivation in wild-type cells, the sac1 mutant strain is characterized by a massive incapability to sustain many processes that normally lead to transient or permanent accumulation of the levels of certain metabolites or recovery of metabolite levels after initial down-regulation. For most of the steps in arginine biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas mutants have been isolated that are deficient in the respective enzyme activities. Three strains deficient in the activities of N-acetylglutamate-5-phosphate reductase (arg1), N2 acetylornithine-aminotransferase (arg9), and argininosuccinate lyase (arg2), respectively, were analyzed with regard to activation of endogenous arginine biosynthesis after withdrawal of externally supplied arginine. Enzymatic blocks in the arginine biosynthetic pathway could be characterized by precursor accumulation, like the amassment of argininosuccinate in arg2 cells, and depletion of intermediates occurring downstream of the enzymatic block, e.g. N2-acetylornithine, ornithine, and argininosuccinate depletion in arg9 cells. The unexpected finding of substantial levels of the arginine pathway intermediates N-acetylornithine, citrulline, and argininosuccinate downstream the enzymatic block in arg1 cells provided an explanation for the residual growth capacity of these cells in the absence of external arginine sources. The presence of these compounds, together with the unusual accumulation of N-Acetylglutamate, the first intermediate that commits the glutamate backbone to ornithine and arginine biosynthesis, in arg1 cells suggests that alternative pathways, possibly involving the activity of ornithine aminotransferase, may be active when the default reaction sequence to produce ornithine via acetylation of glutamate is disabled.
N2  - Entwicklung und Anwendung von Methoden zur multiparallelen Analyse von Metaboliten in der einzelligen Grünalge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, einem der wichtigsten Modellorganismen der Zellbiologie, sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. Metabolomanalyse, die umfassende Analyse von Veränderungen der Konzentrationen von Stoffwechselprodukten durch Umweltreize oder genetische und entwicklungsbedingte Signale, ist ein wichtiges Komplement anderer Genomanalysemethoden, um die Integration von Genen, Proteinen und Metaboliten in ein nahtloses und dynamisches Netzwerk zur Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensfunktionen eines Organismus zu verstehen. Die Methode wurde im Hinblick auf schnelle Inaktivierung enzymatischer Aktivität, Maximierung der Extraktionskapazität und Behandlung großer Probenmengen optimiert. Im Ergebnis der Probenaufarbeitung, Extraktion und Analyse mittels Gaschromatographie und Time-Of-Flight-Massenspektrometrie konnten mehr als 800 analytische Signale in Einzelproben dargestellt werden, von denen über 100 identifiziert werden konnten. Die Arbeit stellt methodische Innovationen zur systematischen Erkennung von Artefakten in GC-MS Chromatogrammen und Werkzeuge zur Anwendung der Hauptkomponentenanalyse auf Metabolom-Daten vor. Zellen unter Stickstoff- (N), Phosphor- (P), Schwefel- (S), oder Eisen- (Fe) Mangel zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in ihrer Metabolitenausstattung. Die Anpassung an die einzelnen Nährstoffmangelsituationen ist durch spezifische Änderungen einer Reihe von Metaboliten zentraler Prozesse des Primärstoffwechsels gekennzeichnet. Die Konzentrationsänderungen von Substraten für die Stickstoffassimilation und den oxidativen Pentosephosphatweg deuten darauf hin, dass die Fähigkeit zur schnellen Aktivierung der N-Assimilation auch unter Bedingungen herabgesetzter Stoffwechsel- und Wachstumsaktivität aufrechterhalten wird. Die Akkumulation von 4-Hydroxyprolin unter Schwefelmangel könnte im Zusammenhang stehen mit der Degradation von Proteinen der Chlamydomonas-Zellwand, deren wesentlicher Bestandteil hydroxyprolinreiche Glykoproteine sind und die unter Schwefelmangel aktiv umgebaut wird. Die Anpassung an Schwefelmangel wurde mit größerer zeitlicher Auflösung in Wildtyp-Zellen und Zellen des sac1-Stammes untersucht. SAC1 ist ein zentraler Regulator der Schwefelmangelantwort in Chlamydomonas. Zeitgleiche Ab- und Zunahme von Metaboliten ist ein charakteristisches Element der Anpassung an Schwefelmangel in Wildtypzellen. Die Reaktion von SAC1-Mutanten auf Schwefelmangel ist durch weit reichenden Verlust zur Steuerung von Prozessen gekennzeichnet, die normalerweise zur vorübergehenden oder dauerhaften Anreicherung bestimmter Metabolite führen. Die Verfügbarkeit von Chlamydomonas-Stämmen mit fehlender Enzymaktivität für fast jeden der Schritte der Argininbiosynthese eröffnet die Möglichkeit, das Potential der Metabolitenanalyse zur Untersuchung der Regulation der Aminosäurebiosynthese in photosynthetischen Eukaryoten zur Anwendung zu bringen. Drei Stämme, mit fehlender Aktivität für N-Acetylglutamat-5-phosphat Reduktase (arg1), N2 Acetylornithin-Aminotransferase (arg9) beziehungsweise Argininosuccinat Lyase (arg2) wurden in Bezug auf die Aktivierung ihrer endogenen Argininbiosynthese nach Entzug externer Argininquellen analysiert. Die einzelnen enzymatischen Blocks konnten durch Precursor-Anreicherung, wie die Anhäufung von Argininosuccinat in arg2-Zellen, und Erschöpfung von Intermediaten nachgelagerter Reaktionen, beispielsweise die deutliche Abnahme von N2-Acetylornithin, Ornithin und Argininosuccinat in arg9-Zellen charakterisiert werden. Das unerwartete Vorhandensein von zum Teil das Wildtyp-Niveau überschreitender Mengen von N2-Acetylornithin, Citrullin und Argininosuccinat, die Produkte bzw. Substrate dem enzymatischen Block nachgelagerter Reaktionen in arg1-Zellen sind, bot eine Erklärung für eine noch vorhandene Restkapazität zum Wachstum des arg1-Stamms auch ohne äußere Arginingabe. Der Nachweis dieser Verbindungen sowie die ungewöhnliche Anreicherung von N-Acetylglutamat, der ersten Verbindung, die das Glutamat-Gerüst für die Ornithin- und Argininsynthese bindet, in arg1-Zellen könnte auf alternative Reaktionen, möglicherweise unter Beteiligung von Ornithin-Aminotransferase, zur Synthese von Ornithin hindeuten, die in Erscheinung treten, wenn die Synthesekette nach Acetylierung von Glutamat blockiert ist.
KW  - Chlamydomonas
KW  - Metabolite
KW  - Schwefel
KW  - Argininbiosynthese
KW  - Stoffwechsel
KW  - Chlamydomonas
KW  - metabolite profiling
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - sulfur
KW  - arginine biosynthesis
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11329
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
A1  - Kirsche, Andreas
T1  - Iterative regularization method for lidar remote sensing
N2  - In this paper we present an inversion algorithm for ill-posed problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing. The proposed method is an iterative Runge-Kutta type regularization method. Those methods are better well known for solving differential equations. We adapted them for solving inverse ill-posed problems. The numerical performances of the algorithm are studied by means of simulations concerning the retrieval of aerosol particle size distributions from lidar observations.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2005.12.019
SN  - 0010-4655
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Busaman, Saofee
T1  - Hyperequational theory for partial algebras
T1  - Hyperequationale Theorie für partielle Algebren
N2  - Our work goes in two directions. At first we want to transfer definitions, concepts and results of the theory of hyperidentities and solid varieties from the total to the partial case. (1) We prove that the operators chi^A_RNF and chi^E_RNF are only monotone and additive and we show that the sets of all fixed points of these operators are characterized only by three instead of four equivalent conditions for the case of closure operators. (2) We prove that V is n − SF-solid iff clone^SF V is free with respect to itself, freely generated by the independent set {[fi(x_1, . . . , x_n)]Id^SF_n V | i \in I}. (3) We prove that if V is n-fluid and ~V |P(V ) =~V −iso |P(V ) then V is kunsolid for k >= n (where P(V ) is the set of all V -proper hypersubstitutions of type \tau ). (4) We prove that a strong M-hyperquasi-equational theory is characterized by four equivalent conditions. The second direction of our work is to follow ideas which are typical for the partial case. (1) We characterize all minimal partial clones which are strongly solidifyable. (2)We define the operator Chi^A_Ph where Ph is a monoid of regular partial hypersubstitutions.Using this concept, we define the concept of a Phyp_R(\tau )-solid strong regular variety of partial algebras and we prove that a PHyp_R(\tau )-solid strong regular variety satisfies four equivalent conditions.
KW  - partial algebras
KW  - hyperequational theory
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12048
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Budweg, Martin
A1  - Bock, Günter
A1  - Weber, Michael H.
T1  - The Eifel Plume : imaged with converted seismic waves
N2  - Receiver functions (RF) are used to investigate the upper mantle structure beneath the Eifel, the youngest volcanic area of Central Europe. Data from 96 teleseismic events recorded by 242 seismological stations from permanent and a temporary network has been analysed. The temporary network operated from 1997 November to 1998 June and covered an area of approximately 400 x 250 km(2) centred on the Eifel volcanic fields. The average Moho depth in the Eifel is approximately 30 km, thinning to ca. 28 km under the Eifel volcanic fields. RF images suggest the existence of a low velocity zone at about 60-90 km depth under the West Eifel. This observation is supported by P- and S-wave tomographic results and absorption (but the array aperture limits the resolution of the tomographic methods to the upper 400 km). There are also indications for a zone of elevated velocities at around 200 km depth, again in agreement with S-wave and absorption tomographic results. This anomaly is not visible in P-wave tomography and could be due to S-wave anisotropy. The RF anomalies at the Moho, at 60-90 km, and near 200 km depth have a lateral extent of about 100 km. The 410 km discontinuity under the Eifel is depressed by 15-25 km, which could be explained by a maximum temperature increase of +200 degrees C to +300 degrees C. In the 3-D RF image of the Eifel Plume we also notice two additional currently unexplained conversions between 410 and 550 km depth. They could represent remnants of previous subduction or anomalies due to delayed phase changes. The lateral extent of these conversions and the depression of the 410 km discontinuity is about 200 km. The 660 km discontinuity does not show any depth deviation from its expected value. Our observations are consistent with interpretation in terms of an upper mantle plume but they do not rule out connections to processes at larger depth
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-246X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02778.x
SN  - 0956-540X
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Buchholz, Henrik
T1  - Real-time visualization of 3D city models
T1  - Echtzeit-Visualisierung von 3D-Stadtmodellen
N2  - An increasing number of applications requires user interfaces that facilitate the handling of large geodata sets. Using virtual 3D city models, complex geospatial information can be communicated visually in an intuitive way. Therefore, real-time visualization of virtual 3D city models represents a key functionality for interactive exploration, presentation, analysis, and manipulation of geospatial data. This thesis concentrates on the development and implementation of concepts and techniques for real-time city model visualization. It discusses rendering algorithms as well as complementary modeling concepts and interaction techniques. Particularly, the work introduces a new real-time rendering technique to handle city models of high complexity concerning texture size and number of textures. Such models are difficult to handle by current technology, primarily due to two problems: - Limited texture memory: The amount of simultaneously usable texture data is limited by the memory of the graphics hardware. - Limited number of textures: Using several thousand different textures simultaneously causes significant performance problems due to texture switch operations during rendering. The multiresolution texture atlases approach, introduced in this thesis, overcomes both problems. During rendering, it permanently maintains a small set of textures that are sufficient for the current view and the screen resolution available. The efficiency of multiresolution texture atlases is evaluated in performance tests. To summarize, the results demonstrate that the following goals have been achieved: - Real-time rendering becomes possible for 3D scenes whose amount of texture data exceeds the main memory capacity. - Overhead due to texture switches is kept permanently low, so that the number of different textures has no significant effect on the rendering frame rate. Furthermore, this thesis introduces two new approaches for real-time city model visualization that use textures as core visualization elements: - An approach for visualization of thematic information. - An approach for illustrative visualization of 3D city models. Both techniques demonstrate that multiresolution texture atlases provide a basic functionality for the development of new applications and systems in the domain of city model visualization.
N2  - Eine zunehmende Anzahl von Anwendungen benötigt Benutzungsschnittstellen, um den Umgang mit großen Geodatenmengen zu ermöglichen. Virtuelle 3D-Stadtmodelle bieten eine Möglichkeit, komplexe raumbezogene Informationen auf intuitive Art und Weise visuell erfassbar zu machen. Echtzeit-Visualisierung virtueller Stadtmodelle bildet daher eine Grundlage für die interaktive Exploration, Präsentation, Analyse und Bearbeitung raumbezogener Daten. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Implementierung von Konzepten und Techniken für die Echtzeit-Visualisierung virtueller 3D-Stadtmodelle. Diese umfassen sowohl Rendering-Algorithmen als auch dazu komplementäre Modellierungskonzepte und Interaktionstechniken. Insbesondere wird in dieser Arbeit eine neue Echtzeit-Rendering-Technik für Stadtmodelle hoher Komplexität hinsichtlich Texturgröße und Texturanzahl vorgestellt. Solche Modelle sind durch die derzeit zur Verfügung stehende Technologie schwierig zu bewältigen, vor allem aus zwei Gründen: - Begrenzter Textur-Speicher: Die Menge an gleichzeitig nutzbaren Texturdaten ist beschränkt durch den Speicher der Grafik-Hardware. - Begrenzte Textur-Anzahl: Die gleichzeitige Verwendung mehrerer tausend Texturen verursacht erhebliche Performance-Probleme aufgrund von Textur-Umschaltungs-Operationen während des Renderings. Das in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Verfahren, das Rendering mit Multiresolutions-Texturatlanten löst beide Probleme. Während der Darstellung wird dazu permanent eine kleine Textur-Menge verwaltet, die für die aktuelle Sichtperspektive und die zur Verfügung stehende Bildschirmauflösung hinreichend ist. Die Effizienz des Verfahrens wird in Performance-Tests untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die folgenden Ziele erreicht werden: - Echtzeit-Darstellung wird für Modelle möglich, deren Texturdaten-Menge die Kapazität des Hauptspeichers übersteigt. - Der Overhead durch Textur-Umschaltungs-Operationen wird permanent niedrig gehalten, so dass die Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Texturen keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Bildrate der Darstellung hat. Die Arbeit stellt außerdem zwei neue Ansätze zur 3D-Stadtmodell-Visualisierung vor, in denen Texturen als zentrale Visualisierungselemente eingesetzt werden: - Ein Verfahren zur Visualisierung thematischer Informationen. - Ein Verfahren zur illustrativen Visualisierung von 3D-Stadtmodellen. Beide Ansätze zeigen, dass Rendering mit Multiresolutions-Texturatlanten eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Anwendungen und Systeme im Bereich der 3D-Stadtmodell-Visualisierung bietet.
KW  - Computergrafik
KW  - Geovisualisierung
KW  - 3D-Stadtmodelle
KW  - Texturen
KW  - computer graphics
KW  - geovisualization
KW  - 3d city models
KW  - textures
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13337
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bube, Kevin
A1  - Neto, Camilo Rodrigues
A1  - Donner, Reik Volker
A1  - Schwarz, Udo
A1  - Feudel, Ulrike
T1  - Linear and nonlinear characterization of surfaces from a laser beam melt ablation process
N2  - We apply linear and nonlinear methods to study the properties of surfaces generated by a laser beam melt ablation process. As a result we present a characterization and ordering of the surfaces depending on the adjusted process parameters. Our findings give some insight into the performance of two widely applied multifractal analysis methods-the detrended fluctuation analysis and the wavelet transform modulus maxima method-on short real world data
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/39/7/011
SN  - 0022-3727
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Brunnemann, Johannes
T1  - Singularities of Classical Relativity within the Framework of Loop Quantum Gravity
Y1  - 2006
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brovkin, Victor
A1  - Claussen, Martin
A1  - Driesschaert, Emmanuelle
A1  - Fichefet, Thierry
A1  - Kicklighter, David Wesley
A1  - Loutre, Marie-France
A1  - Matthews, H. Damon
A1  - Ramankutty, Navin Delire
A1  - Schaeffer, Michiel
A1  - Sokolov, Andrei
T1  - Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity
N2  - Six Earth system models of intermediate complexity that are able to simulate interaction between atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, were forced with a scenario of land cover changes during the last millennium. In response to historical deforestation of about 18 million sq km, the models simulate a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.13-0.25 degrees C. The rate of this cooling accelerated during the 19th century, reached a maximum in the first half of the 20th century, and declined at the end of the 20th century. This trend is explained by temporal and spatial dynamics of land cover changes, as the effect of deforestation on temperature is less pronounced for tropical than for temperate regions, and reforestation in the northern temperate areas during the second part of the 20th century partly offset the cooling trend. In most of the models, land cover changes lead to a decline in annual land evapotranspiration, while seasonal changes are rather equivocal because of spatial shifts in convergence zones. In the future, reforestation might be chosen as an option for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Our study indicates that biogeophysical mechanisms need to be accounted for in the assessment of land management options for climate change mitigation
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100405
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6
SN  - 0930-7575
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brosch, Renate
T1  - Making sense : sense perception in the British novel of the 1980s and 1990s
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 0171-5410
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Broekhuis, Hans
T1  - Derivations (MP) and evaluations (OT)
JF  - Linguistics in Potsdam
N2  - The main claim of this paper is that the minimalist framework and optimality theory adopt more or less the same architecture of grammar: both assume that a generator defines a set S of potentially well-formed expressions that can be generated on the basis of a given input, and that there is an evaluator that selects the expressions from S that are actually grammatical in a given language L. The paper therefore proposes a model of grammar in which the strengths of the two frameworks are combined: more specifically, it is argued that the computational system of human language CHL from MP creates a set S of potentially well-formed expressions, and that these are subsequently evaluated in an optimality theoretic fashion.
KW  - Minimalist Program
KW  - Optimality Theory
KW  - Derivation-and-Evaluation model
KW  - Object Shift
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32347
SN  - 1616-7392
SN  - 1864-1857
IS  - 25
SP  - 137
EP  - 193
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brilliantov, Nikolai V.
A1  - Pöschel, Thorsten
T1  - Breakdown of the Sonine expansion for the velocity distribution of granular gases
JF  - Europhysics Letters
N2  - The velocity distribution of a granular gas is analyzed in terms of the Sonine polynomials expansion. We derive an analytical expression for the third Sonine coefficient a(3). In contrast to frequently used assumptions this coefficient is of the same order of magnitude as the second Sonine coefficient a(2). For small inelasticity the theoretical result is in good agreement with numerical simulations. The next-order Sonine coefficients a(4), a(5) and a(6) are determined numerically. While these coefficients are negligible for small dissipation, their magnitude grows rapidly with increasing inelasticity for 0 < epsilon less than or similar to 0.6. We conclude that this behavior of the Sonine coefficients manifests the breakdown of the Sonine polynomial expansion caused by the increasing impact of the overpopulated high-energy tail of the distribution function
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://iopscience.iop.org/0295-5075/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10555-6
SN  - 0295-5075
VL  - 74
IS  - 3
SP  - 424
EP  - 430
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brilliantov, Nikolai V.
A1  - Pöschel, Thorsten
T1  - Breakdown of the Sonine expansion for the velocity distribution of granular gases
N2  - Erratu
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://iopscience.iop.org/0295-5075/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2006-10099-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bridges, Thomas J.
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Numerical methods for Hamiltonian PDEs
N2  - The paper provides an introduction and survey of conservative discretization methods for Hamiltonian partial differential equations. The emphasis is on variational, symplectic and multi-symplectic methods. The derivation of methods as well as some of their fundamental geometric properties are discussed. Basic principles are illustrated by means of examples from wave and fluid dynamics
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/S02
SN  - 0305-4470
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breiter, Karel
A1  - Förster, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Skoda, Radek
T1  - Extreme P-, Bi-, Nb-, Sc-, U- and F-rich zircon from fractionated perphosphorous granites: the peraluminous Podlesi granite system, Czech Republic
N2  - The strongly peraluminous and P-rich, protolithionite and zinnwaldite leucogranites from Podlesi, western Krusne Hory Mts., Czech Republic, contain accessory zircon with extraordinary enrichment of several elements, which constitute trace elements in common zircon. Elements showing a not yet reported anomalous enrichment include P (up to 20.2 wt.% P2O5; equivalent to 0.60 apfu, formula calculated on the basis of 4 oxygen atoms), Bi (up to 9.0 wt.% Bi2O3; 0.086 apfu), Nb (up to 6.7 wt.% Nb2O5, 0.12 apfu), Sc (up to 3.45 wt.% Sc2O3; 0.10 apfu), U (up to 14.8 wt.% UO2; 0.12 apfu) and F (up to 3.81 wt.% F; 0.42 apfu). Strong enrichment of P preferentially involved the berlinite-type substitution (2 Si4+ double left right arrow P5+ + Al3+) implying that significant Al may enter the Si position in zircon. Incorporation of other exotic elements is primarily governed by the xenotime (Si4++Zr4+ double left right arrow P5++Y3+), pretulite (Sc3++P5+ double left right arrow Zr4++Si4+), brabantite-type (Ca2++(U, Th)(4+)+2P(5+) double left right arrow 2Zr(4+)+2Si(4+)), and ximengite-type (Bi3++P5+double left right arrow Zr4++Si4+) substitution reactions. One part of the anomalous zircons formed late-magmatically, from a strongly peraluminous, P-F-U-rich hydrous residual melt that gave rise to the zinnwaldite granite. Interaction with aggressive residual fluids and metamictization have further aided in element enrichment or depletion, particularly in altered parts of zircon contained in the protolithionite granite. Most of the zircon from F-rich greisens have a composition close to endmember ZrSiO4 and are chemically distinct from zircon in its granite parent. This discrepancy implies that at Podlesi, granitic zircon became unstable and completely dissolved during greisenization. Part of the mobilized elements was reprecipitated in newly grown, hydrothermal zircon.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00244937
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.08.011
SN  - 0024-4937
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Breest, Martin
A1  - Bouché, Paul
A1  - Grund, Martin
A1  - Haubrock, Sören
A1  - Hüttenrauch, Stefan
A1  - Kylau, Uwe
A1  - Ploskonos, Anna
A1  - Queck, Tobias
A1  - Schreiter, Torben
T1  - Fundamentals of Service-Oriented Engineering
N2  - Since 2002, keywords like service-oriented engineering, service-oriented computing, and service-oriented architecture have been widely used in research, education, and enterprises. These and related terms are often misunderstood or used incorrectly. To correct these misunderstandings, a deeper knowledge of the concepts, the historical backgrounds, and an overview of service-oriented architectures is demanded and given in this paper.
T3  - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 16 
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33801
SN  - 978-3-939469-35-3
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Brauer, Uwe
A1  - Karp, Lavi
T1  - Local existence of classical solutions for the Einstin-Euler system using weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order
T3  - Preprint / Universität Potsdam, Institut für Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 1437-739X
PB  - Univ.
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Brauer, Uwe
A1  - Karp, Lavi
T1  - Local existence of classical solutions for the Einstein-Euler system using weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order
N2  - We prove the existence of a class of local in time solutions, including static solutions, of the Einstein-Euler system. This result is the relativistic generalisation of a similar result for the Euler-Poisson system obtained by Gamblin [8]. As in his case the initial data of the density do not have compact support but fall off at infinity in an appropriate manner. An essential tool in our approach is the construction and use of weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order. Moreover, these new spaces allow us to improve the regularity conditions for the solutions of evolution equations. The details of this construction, the properties of these spaces and results on elliptic and hyperbolic equations will be presented in a forthcoming article.
T3  - Preprint - (2006) 17 
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30175
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bousquet, Romain
A1  - De Capitani, Christian
A1  - Arcay, Diane
T1  - Feedback of the metamorphic changes on the subducting processes
T2  - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.228
SN  - 0016-7037
VL  - 70
IS  - 18
SP  - A62
EP  - A62
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bordihn, Henning
A1  - Holzer, Markus
T1  - Programmed grammars and their relation to the LBA problem
JF  - Acta informatica
N2  - We consider generating and accepting programmed grammars with bounded degree of non-regulation, that is, the maximum number of elements in success or in failure fields of the underlying grammar. In particular, it is shown that this measure can be restricted to two without loss of descriptional capacity, regardless of whether arbitrary derivations or left-most derivations are considered. Moreover, in some cases, precise characterizations of the linear bounded automaton problem in terms of programmed grammars are obtained. Thus, the results presented in this paper shed new light on some longstanding open problem in the theory of computational complexity.
KW  - programmed grammars
KW  - accepting grammars
KW  - LBA problem
KW  - degree of non-regulation
KW  - leftmost derivations
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-006-0017-9
SN  - 0001-5903
VL  - 43
SP  - 223
EP  - 242
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bordihn, Henning
A1  - Fernau, Henning
A1  - Holzer, Markus
A1  - Manca, Vincenzo
A1  - Martin-Vide, Carlos
T1  - Iterated sequential transducers as language generating devices
JF  - Theoretical computer science
N2  - Iterated finite state sequential transducers are considered as language generating devices. The hierarchy induced by the size of the state alphabet is proved to collapse to the fourth level. The corresponding language families are related to the families of languages generated by Lindenmayer systems and Chomsky grammars. Finally, some results on deterministic and extended iterated finite state transducers are established.
KW  - finite state sequential transducers
KW  - state complexity
KW  - Lindenmayer systems
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2006.07.059
SN  - 0304-3975
VL  - 369
IS  - 1
SP  - 67
EP  - 81
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Fleitmann, Dominik
A1  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
A1  - Thiede, Rasmus Christoph
T1  - Holocene monsoonal dynamics and fluvial terrace formation in the northwest Himalaya, India
N2  - Aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 surface exposure dating on cut-and-fill river-terrace surfaces from the lower Sutlej Valley (northwest Himalaya) documents the close link between Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) oscillations and intervals of enhanced fluvial incision. During the early Holocene ISM optimum, precipitation was enhanced and reached far into the internal parts of the orogen. The amplified sediment flux from these usually dry but glaciated areas caused alluviation of downstream valleys up to 120 m above present grade at ca. 9.9 k.y. B.P. Terrace formation (i.e., incision) in the coarse deposits occurred during century-long weak ISM phases that resulted in reduced moisture availability and most likely in lower sediment flux. Here, we suggest that the lower sediment flux during weak ISM phases allowed rivers to incise episodically into the alluvial fill
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://geology.gsapubs.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1130/G22698.1
SN  - 0091-7613
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Echtler, Helmut Peter
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
A1  - Spencer, Joel Q. G.
T1  - Using uplifted Holocene beach berms for paleoseismic analysis on the Santa Maria Island, south-central Chile
N2  - Major earthquakes ( M > 8) have repeatedly ruptured the Nazca-South America plate interface of south-central Chile involving meter scale land-level changes. Earthquake recurrence intervals, however, extending beyond limited historical records are virtually unknown, but would provide crucial data on the tectonic behavior of forearcs. We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of Holocene earthquakes on Santa Maria Island (SMI; 37 degrees S), located 20 km off the Chilean coast and approximately 70 km east of the trench. SMI hosts a minimum of 21 uplifted beach berms, of which a subset were dated to calculate a mean uplift rate of 2.3 +/- 0.2 m/ky and a tilting rate of 0.022 +/- 0.002 degrees/ky. The inferred recurrence interval of strandline-forming earthquakes is similar to 180 years. Combining coseismic uplift and aseismic subsidence during an earthquake cycle, the net gain in strandline elevation in this environment is similar to 0.4 m per event
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026734
SN  - 0094-8276
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bolduan, Rainer
A1  - Zehe, Erwin
T1  - Degradation of isoproturon in earthworm macropores and subsoil matrix : a field study
N2  - The objective is to compare the time scale of microbial degradation of the herbicide Isoproturon at the end of earthworm burrows with the time scale of microbial degradation in the surrounding soil matrix. To this end, we developed a method which allows the observation of microbial degradation on Isoproturon in macropores under field conditions. Study area was the well-investigated Weiherbach catchment (Kraichgau, SW Germany). The topsoil of a 12 m(2) large plot parcel was removed, the parcel was covered with a tent and instrumented with TDR and temperature sensors at two depths. After preliminary investigations to optimize application and sampling techniques, the bottom of 55 earthworm burrows, located at a depth of 80-100cm, was inoculated with Isoproturon. Within an interval of 8 d, soil material from the bottom of 5-6 earthworm burrows was taken into the laboratory and analyzed for the Isoproturon concentration for investigation of the degradation kinetics. Furthermore, the degradation of Isoproturon in the soil matrix, that surrounded the macropores at the field plot, was observed in the laboratory. Microbial degradation of Isoproturon at the bottom of the earthworm burrows was with a DT-50-value of 15.6 d almost as fast as in the topsoil. In the soil matrix that closely surrounded the center of the earthworm burrows, no measurable degradation was observed within 30 d. The clearly slower degradation in the soil matrix may be likely explained by a lower microbial activity that was observed in the surrounding soil matrix. The results give evidence that deterministic modeling of the fate of pesticides once transported into heterogeneous subsoils by preferential flow requires an accuracy of a few centimeters in terms of predicting spatial locations: time scales of microbial degradation in the subsoil drop almost one order of magnitude, in case the herbicides dislocates from the bottom of an earthworm burrow a few centimeter into the surrounding soil matrix. If at all, predictions of such an accuracy can only be achieved at locations at sites where the soil hydraulic properties and the macropore system are known at a very high spatial resolution
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/10008342
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpin.200521754
SN  - 1436-8730
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boeniger, Urs
A1  - Tronicke, Jens
A1  - Holliger, Klaus
A1  - Becht, Andreas
T1  - Multi-offset vertical radar profiling for subsurface reflection imaging
JF  - Journal of environmental & engineering geophysics : JEEG
N2  - The vertical radar profiling (VRP) technique uses surface-to-borehole acquisition geometries comparable to vertical seismic profiling (VSP). Major differences between the two methods do arise due to the fundamentally differing nature of the velocity-depth gradients and transmitter/receiver directivities. Largely for this reason, VRP studies have so far essentially been limited to the reconstruction of velocity-depth profiles by inverting direct arrival times from single-offset VRP surveys. In this study, we investigate the potential to produce high-resolution subsurface reflection images from multi-offset VRP data. Two synthetic data sets are used to evaluate a processing strategy suitably adapted from VSP processing. Despite the fundamental differences between VRP and VSP data, we found that our processing approach is capable of reconstructing subsurface structures of comparable complexity to those routinely imaged by VSP data. Finally, we apply our processing flow to two multi-offset VRP data sets recorded at a well constrained hydrogeophysical test site in SW-Germany. The inferred VRP images are compared with high-quality surface georadar reflection images and lithological logs available at the borehole locations. We find that the VRP images are in good agreement with the surface georadar data and reliably detect the major lithological boundaries. Due to the significantly shorter ray-paths, the depth penetration of the VRP data is, however, considerably higher than that of the surface georadar data. VRP reflection images thus provide an effective means for the depth-calibration and extension of conventional surface georadar data in the vicinity of boreholes.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG11.4.289
SN  - 1083-1363
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 289
EP  - 298
PB  - EEGS
CY  - Denver
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boccaletti, Stefano
A1  - Hwang, Dong-Uk
A1  - Chavez, Mario
A1  - Amann, Andreas
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
A1  - Pecora, Louis M.
T1  - Synchronization in dynamical networks : evolution along commutative graphs
N2  - Starting from an initial wiring of connections, we show that the synchronizability of a network can be significantly improved by evolving the graph along a time dependent connectivity matrix. We consider the case of connectivity matrices that commute at all times, and compare several approaches to engineer the corresponding commutative graphs. In particular, we show that synchronization in a dynamical network can be achieved even in the case in which each individual commutative graphs does not give rise to synchronized behavior
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://pre.aps.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/Physreve.74.016102
SN  - 1539-3755
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bobda, Augustin Simo
T1  - Irish presence in colonial Cameroon and its linguistic legacy
JF  - The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004
N2  - Content: 1. Survey of Foreign Influences on English in Cameroon 1.1. Early Foreign Influences in the Formation of English in Cameroon 1.2. Later Influences 2. Irish Linguistic Legacy 2.1. Language Policy 2.2. Structural Aspects of English
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41011
SP  - 217
EP  - 233
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blumenstein, Oswald
A1  - Van Rensburg, L.
A1  - Krüger, Wolfgang
A1  - Schachtzabel, Hartmut
T1  - Preface
Y1  - 2006
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Blumenstein, Oswald
A1  - Van Rensburg, L.
A1  - Krüger, Wolfgang
A1  - Schachtzabel, Hartmut
T1  - Basics for modelling of heavy metal dynamics in tailing dam systems
T3  - Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 0949-4731
VL  - 11
PB  - Selbstverl. der Arbeitsgruppe Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Blien, Uwe
A1  - Sanner, Helge
T1  - Structural change and regional employment dynamics
N2  - A casual look at regional unemployment rates reveals that there are vast differences, which cannot be explained by different institutional settings. Our paper attempts to trace these differences in the labor market performance back to the regions' specialization in products that are more or less advanced in their product cycle. The model we develop shows how individual profit and utility maximization endogenously yields higher employment levels in the beginning. In later phases, however, employment decreases in the presence of process innovation. Our model suggests that the only way to escape from this vicious circle is to specialize in products that are at the beginning of their "economic life". The model is based on an interaction of demand and supply side forces.
T3  - Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge - 82 
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14425
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Blenau, Wolfgang
A1  - Hauser, Frank
A1  - Cazzamali, Giuseppe
A1  - Williamson, Michael
A1  - Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J. P.
T1  - A review of neurohormone GPCRs present in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee Apis mellifera
N2  - G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes are large gene families in every animal, sometimes making up to 1-2% of the animal's genome. Of all insect GPCRs, the neurohormone (neuropeptide, protein hormone, biogenic amine) GPCRs are especially important, because they, together with their ligands, occupy a high hierarchic position in the physiology of insects and steer crucial processes such as development, reproduction, and behavior. In this paper, we give a review of our current knowledge on Drosophila melanogaster GPCRs and use this information to annotate the neurohormone GPCR genes present in the recently sequenced genome from the honey bee Apis mellifera. We found 35 neuropeptide receptor genes in the honey bee (44 in Drosophila) and two genes, coding for leucine-rich repeats-containing protein hormone GPCRs (4 in Drosophila). In addition, the honey bee has 19 biogenic amine receptor genes (21 in Drosophila). The larger numbers of neurohormone receptors in Drosophila are probably due to gene duplications that occurred during recent evolution of the fly. Our analyses also yielded the likely ligands for 40 of the 56 honey bee neurohormone GPCRs identified in this study. In addition, we made some interesting observations on neurohormone GPCR evolution and the evolution and co-evolution of their ligands. For neuropeptide and protein hormone GPCRs, there appears to be a general co-evolution between receptors and their ligands. This is in contrast to biogenic amine GPCRs, where evolutionarily unrelated GPCRs often bind to the same biogenic amine, suggesting frequent ligand exchanges ("ligand hops") during GPCR evolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - GPCR
KW  - neuropeptide
KW  - neurohormone
KW  - hormone
KW  - biogenic amine
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44326
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bleidorn, Christoph
A1  - Podsiadlowski, Lars
A1  - Bartolomaeus, Thomas
T1  - The complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii (Annelida, Orbiniidae) : a novel gene order for Annelida and implications for annelid phylogeny
N2  - Relationships of annelid subtaxa are controversially discussed and additional markers are necessarily needed to get further insights into their evolution. Due to their high content of information, mitochondrial genomes have been proven very useful in phylogenetic analyses. Whereas many complete mitochondrial genomes of arthropods are available, lophotrochozoan taxa are only scarcely represented and this is especially true for annelids. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii. The circular genome is 15,558 bp in size and contains the same 37 genes as found in most other metazoans. As in the case for all studied annelids all genes are transcribed from the same strand. Compared with the known data from other annelids at least five gene translocations must be hypothesized for O. latreillii. A comparison of the available data shows that gene translocations within Annelida seem to be less frequent than in molluscs, but more frequent as previously assumed. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data and amino acid data support an inclusion Of Sipuncula within Annelida and a closer relationship to orbiniids is recovered for this taxon.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781119
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.018
SN  - 0378-1119
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blasig, Ingolf E.
A1  - Winkler, Lars
A1  - Lassowski, Birgit
A1  - Müller, Sandra L.
A1  - Zuleger, Nikolaj
A1  - Krause, Eberhard
A1  - Krause, Gerd
A1  - Gast, Klaus
A1  - Kolbe, Michael
A1  - Piontek, Jörg
T1  - On the self-association potential of transmembrane tight junction proteins
N2  - Tight junctions seal intercellular clefts via membrane-related strands, hence, maintaining important organ functions. We investigated the self-association of strand-forming transmembrane tight junction proteins. The regulatory tight junction protein occludin was differently tagged and cotransfected in eucaryotic cells. These occludins colocalized within the plasma membrane of the same cell, coprecipitated and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Differently tagged strand-forming claudin-5 also colocalized in the plasma membrane of the same cell and showed fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This demonstrates self-association in intact cells both of occludin and claudin-5 in one plasma membrane. In search of dimerizing regions of occludin, dimerization of its cytosolic C-terminal coiled-coil domain was identified. In claudin-5, the second extracellular loop was detected as a dimer. Since the transmembrane junctional adhesion molecule also is known to dimerize, the assumption that homodimerization of transmembrane tight junction proteins may serve as a common structural feature in tight junction assembly is supported
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101193
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5472-x
SN  - 1420-682X
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blankertz, Benjamin
A1  - Müller, Klaus-Robert
A1  - Krusienski, Dean
A1  - Schalk, Gerwin
A1  - Wolpaw, Jonathan R.
A1  - Schlögl, Alois
A1  - Pfurtscheller, Gert
A1  - Millan, José del R.
A1  - Schröder, Michael
A1  - Birbaumer, Niels
T1  - The BCI competition III : validating alternative approaches to actual BCI problems
N2  - A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that allows its users to control external devices with brain activity. Although the proof-of-concept was given decades ago, the reliable translation of user intent into device control commands is still a major challenge. Success requires the effective interaction of two adaptive controllers: the user's brain, which produces brain activity that encodes intent, and the BCI system, which translates that activity into device control commands. In order to facilitate this interaction, many laboratories are exploring a variety of signal analysis techniques to improve the adaptation of the BCI system to the user. In the literature, many machine learning and pattern classification algorithms have been reported to give impressive results when applied to BCI data in offline analyses. However, it is more difficult to evaluate their relative value for actual online use. BCI data competitions have been organized to provide objective formal evaluations of alternative methods. Prompted by the great interest in the first two BCI Competitions, we organized the third BCI Competition to address several of the most difficult and important analysis problems in BCI research. The paper describes the data sets that were provided to the competitors and gives an overview of the results.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7333
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/Tnsre.2006.875642
SN  - 1534-4320
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blankertz, Benjamin
A1  - Dornhege, Guido
A1  - Krauledat, Matthias
A1  - Müller, Klaus-Robert
A1  - Kunzmann, Volker
A1  - Losch, Florian
A1  - Curio, Gabriel
T1  - The Berlin brain-computer interface : EEG-based communication without subject training
N2  - The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface (BBCI) project develops a noninvasive BCI system whose key features are 1) the use of well-established motor competences as control paradigms, 2) high-dimensional features from 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG), and 3) advanced machine learning techniques. As reported earlier, our experiments demonstrate that very high information transfer rates can be achieved using the readiness potential (RP) when predicting the laterality of upcoming left-versus right-hand movements in healthy subjects. A more recent study showed that the RP similarily accompanies phantom movements in arm amputees, but the signal strength decreases with longer loss of the limb. In a complementary approach, oscillatory features are used to discriminate imagined movements (left hand versus right hand versus foot). In a recent feedback study with six healthy subjects with no or very little experience with BCI control, three subjects achieved an information transfer rate above 35 bits per minute (bpm), and further two subjects above 24 and 15 bpm, while one subject could not achieve any BCI control. These results are encouraging for an EEG-based BCI system in untrained subjects that is independent of peripheral nervous system activity and does not rely on evoked potentials even when compared to results with very well-trained subjects operating other BCI systems
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7333
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/Tnsre.2006.875557
SN  - 1534-4320
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blanchard, Gilles
A1  - Kawanabe, Motoaki
A1  - Sugiyama, Masashi
A1  - Spokoiny, Vladimir G.
A1  - Müller, Klaus-Robert
T1  - In search of non-Gaussian components of a high-dimensional distribution
N2  - Finding non-Gaussian components of high-dimensional data is an important preprocessing step for efficient information processing. This article proposes a new linear method to identify the '' non-Gaussian subspace '' within a very general semi-parametric framework. Our proposed method, called NGCA (non-Gaussian component analysis), is based on a linear operator which, to any arbitrary nonlinear (smooth) function, associates a vector belonging to the low dimensional non-Gaussian target subspace, up to an estimation error. By applying this operator to a family of different nonlinear functions, one obtains a family of different vectors lying in a vicinity of the target space. As a final step, the target space itself is estimated by applying PCA to this family of vectors. We show that this procedure is consistent in the sense that the estimaton error tends to zero at a parametric rate, uniformly over the family, Numerical examples demonstrate the usefulness of our method
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://portal.acm.org/affiliated/jmlr/
SN  - 1532-4435
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bieniawska, Zuzanna
T1  - Functional analysis of the sucrose synthase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana
T1  - Funktionelle Analyse der Saccharose Synthase Genfamilie in Arabidopsis thaliana
N2  - Sucrose synthase (Susy) is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism, catalysing the reversible conversion of sucrose and UDP to UDP-glucose and fructose. Therefore, its activity, localization and function have been studied in various plant species. It has been shown that Susy can play a role in supplying energy in companion cells for phloem loading (Fu and Park, 1995), provides substrates for starch synthesis (Zrenner et al., 1995), and supplies UDP-glucose for cell wall synthesis (Haigler et al., 2001). Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome identifies six Susy isoforms. The expression of these isoforms was investigated using promoter-reporter gene constructs (GUS) and real time RT-PCR. Although these isoforms are closely related at the protein level they have radically different spatial and temporal patterns of expression in the plant with no two isoforms showing the same distribution. More than one isoform is expressed in all organs examined. Some of them have high but specific expression in particular organs or developmental stages whilst others are constantly expressed throughout the whole plant and across various stages of development. The in planta function of the six Susy isoforms were explored through analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants and RNAi lines. Plants without the expression of individual isoforms show no differences in growth and development, and are not significantly different from wild type plants in soluble sugars, starch and cellulose contents under all growth conditions investigated. Analysis of T-DNA insertion mutant lacking Sus3 isoform that was exclusively expressed in stomata cells only had a minor influence on guard cell osmoregulation and/or bioenergetics. Although none of the sucrose synthases appear to be essential for normal growth under our standard growth conditions, they may be necessary for growth under stress conditions. Different isoforms of sucrose synthase respond differently to various abiotic stresses. It has been shown that oxygen deprivation up regulates Sus1 and Sus4 and increases total Susy activity. However, the analysis of the plants with reduced expression of both Sus1 and Sus4 revealed no obvious effects on plant performance under oxygen deprivation. Low temperature up regulates Sus1 expression but the loss of this isoform has no effect on the freezing tolerance of non acclimated and cold acclimated plants. These data provide a comprehensive overview of the expression of this gene family which supports some of the previously reported roles for Susy and indicates the involvement of specific isoforms in metabolism and/or signalling.
N2  - Saccharose spielt eine zentrale Rolle in höheren Pflanzen. Es zählt zu den wichtigsten Kohlenhydraten und wird als Nährstoff, Speicherstoff (z.B. in Zuckerrüben, Zuckerrohr, Mohrrüben) oder auch als potentielles Signalmolekül verwendet. Saccharose ist eines der primären Endprodukte der Photosynthese in den grünen Blättern der Pflanzen, kann aber auch in nicht-photosynthetisch aktiven Geweben (z.B. in keimenden Samen) synthetisiert und verstoffwechselt werden. Die Saccharosesynthase (Susy) stellt ein Schlüsselenzym im Saccharosestoffwechsel dar. Es katalysiert die reversible Umwandlung von Saccharose zu UDP-Glukose und Fruktose. Die Aktivität, die Lokalisierung und die Funktionen der Susy wurden bereits in verschiedenen Pflanzenarten untersucht. Dabei hatte sich herausgestellt, daß die Susy eine wichtige Rolle in der Bereitstellung von Energie für Transportprozesse spielt. Außerdem stellt Susy die Substrate für die Stärkesynthese in Speichergeweben, sowie fast alle Substrate für die Zellwandsynthese bereit. Eine Untersuchung des Genoms von Arabidopsis thaliana ergab, daß die Ackerschmalwand sechs Isoformen der Susy besitzt. Die Expression dieser Isoformen wurde mittels Echtzeit RT-PCR analysiert. Obwohl die verschiedenen Isoformen auf Proteinebene in ihrer Sequenz sehr ähnlich sind, zeigen sie Unterschiede in ihrem zeitlichen und räumlichen Auftreten innerhalb der Pflanze. Einige der Isoformen sind hoch exprimiert in speziellen Organen oder Entwicklungsstufen der Pflanze. Andere hingegen sind gleichmäßig in der ganzen Pflanze und über verschiedene Entwicklungsstufen hinaus exprimiert. In allen untersuchten Organen der Pflanze ist mehr als eine Isoform exprimiert. Um die spezifische Funktion der einzelnen Isoformen aufzuklären, wurden für alle sechs Saccharosesynthasen Mutanten-Linien isoliert und analysiert. Alle Pflanzen, bei denen die Expression einer bestimmten Isoform fehlte, zeigten im Vergleich zu Wildtyppflanzen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Wachstum und Entwicklung. Des Weiteren waren die Gehalte an Stärke, Saccharose und Zellulose in Blättern und Wurzeln im Vergleich zu Wildtyppflanzen unverändert. Mutanten, denen die ausschließlich in Schließzellen lokalisierte Isoform Sus3 fehlte, zeigten nur geringe Veränderungen in der Osmoregulation und/oder der Bioenergetik der Schließzellen. Daraus kann gefolgert werden, dass in dem Ackerunkraut Arabidopsis keine der Saccharosesynthasen essentiell für normales Wachstum unter Standardbedingungen ist. Es ist jedoch möglich, dass Saccharosesynthasen unter Stressbedingungen benötigt werden. Es war bereits bekannt, dass einzelne Isoformen der Susy auf Stress reagieren und in ihrer Expression verändert sind. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß Sauerstoffmangel zu einer Erhöhung der Expression der Isoformen Sus1 und Sus4 und zu einer Zunahme der Susy Gesamtaktivität führt. Die Analyse von Pflanzen mit reduzierter Expression von Sus1 und Sus4 zeigte jedoch, dass Sauerstoffmangel keinen offensichtlichen Einfluss auf das Wachstum dieser Pflanzen hat. Niedrige Temperaturen führen zu einer Erhöhung der Sus1 Expression, aber auch ein Verlust dieser Isoform hat keinen Einfluss auf die Gefriertoleranz von normalen oder an Kälte akklimatisierten Pflanzen. Diese Ergebnisse bieten einen umfassenden Einblick in die Expression der Genfamilie der Saccharosesynthase; sie untermauern die genannten Funktionen der Saccharosesynthase und weisen auf eine mögliche Beteiligung mehrerer Isoformen am Saccharosestoffwechsel und/oder der Signaltransduktion hin.
KW  - Saccharose Synthase
KW  - Genfamilie
KW  - Ackerschmalwand
KW  - sucrose synthase
KW  - gene family
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13132
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bielawski, Martina
A1  - Jurišić, J.
A1  - Lenz, T.
A1  - Maxian Rusche, T.
A1  - Nippert, C.
T1  - Via : communis Europa ; Europe's architecture in 2020
N2  - Forum: EU-Diplomatie im Jahre 2020
KW  - Europäische Union
KW  - Europaidentität
KW  - Außenpolitik
KW  - Verteidigungspolitik
KW  - European Union
KW  - European identity
KW  - foreign policy
KW  - defence policy
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48454
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bianco, Pier Giorgio
A1  - Zupo, V
A1  - Ketmaier, Valerio
T1  - Occurrence of the scalloped ribbonfish Zu cristatus(Lampridiformes) in coastal waters of the central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
N2  - The occurrence of two individuals of Zu cristatus at 2 m depth in coastal waters of the Gulf of Castellamare (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) together with records of this rare pan-Oceanic mesopelagic species is reported. Analyses of two mitochondrial genes (12 s and 16 s; 936 bp) revealed a 2.6% sequence divergence between Mediterranean and Pacific (Japanese) samples of the species.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0022-1112
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.00980.x
SN  - 0022-1112
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bhattacharryya, Saroj Kumar
T1  - Development of detector for analytical ultracentrifuge. - [korr. Fassung]
T1  - Detektor-Entwicklung für die analytische Ultrazentrifuge. - [korr. Fassung]
N2  - In this work approaches for new detection system development for an Analytical Ultracentrifuge (AUC) were explored. Unlike its counterpart in chromatography fractionation techniques, the use of a Multidetection system for AUC has not yet been implemented to full extent despite its potential benefit. In this study we tried to couple existing fundamental spectroscopic and scattering techniques that are used in day to day science as tool for extracting analyte information. Trials were performed for adapting Raman, Light scattering and UV/Vis (with possibility to work with the whole range of wavelengths) to AUC. Conclusions were drawn for Raman and Light scattering to be a possible detection system for AUC, while the development for a fast fiber optics based multiwavelength detector was completed. The multiwavelength detector demonstrated the capability of data generation matching the literature and reference measurement data and faster data collection than that of the commercial instrument. It became obvious that with the generation of data in 3-D space in the UV/Vis detection system, the user can select the wavelength for the evaluation of experimental results as the data set contains the whole range of information from UV/Vis wavelength. The detector showed the data generation with much faster speed unlike the commercial instruments. The advantage of fast data generation was exemplified with the evaluation of data for a mixture of three colloids. These data were in conformity with measurement results from normal radial experiments and without significant diffusion broadening. Thus conclusions were drawn that with our designed Multiwavelength detector, meaningful data in 3-D space can be collected with much faster speed of data generation.
N2  - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Entwicklung neuer Detektoren für die Analytische Ultrazentrifugation (AUZ) untersucht und vorangetrieben. Im Gegensatz zu chromatgraphischen. Fraktionierungsmethoden werden Multidetektionssysteme bis heute nicht in der AUZ eingesetzt. Hier wird die Möglichkeit geprüft, bekannte spektroskopische sowie Streumethoden simultan zur Probenanalyse in der AUZ einzusetzen mit dem Ziel, simultan komplimentäre Informationen über die Probe zu erhalten. So wurde versucht, Raman- und UV/VIS-Spektroskopie (letztere mit der Möglichkeit, das gesamte Wellenlängenspektrum auszunutzen) und statische Lichtstreuung zu kombinieren, um das Analytverhalten während des Ultrazentrifugationsexperimentes zu untersuchen. Es wurden zum einen die Ramanspektroskopie als Detektionssystem für chemische Funktionalität in der AUZ geprüft und zum anderen gezeigt, daß die statische Kleinwinkel Lichtstreuung als direkter Molmassendetektor für den Einsatz in der AUZ geeignet erscheint. Zum anderen wurde die Entwicklung eines Multi-Wellenlängen-UV/VIS-Detektors abgeschlossen, um seine Eignung für den Einsatz in der AUZ und die damit verbundene Möglichkeiten der schnelleren und umfassenderen Datenerzeugung gegenüber kommerziellen Geräten zu zeigen. Dieser Multiwellendetektor liefert anstelle eines Absorptionswertes für jede radiale Position in der Messzelle direkt ein ganzes UV-Vis Spektrum und erzeugt eine zusaetzliche Dimension der Messdaten, was die Möglichkeiten der Analyse von komplexen Systemen mit multiplen Chromophoren, Teilchengrößenbestimmung über Wellenlängenabhängigkeit der Trübung oder auch der Datenmittelung enorm vergrößert. Desweiteren erlaubt der Detektor die Anwendung von Geschwindigkeitsprofilen zur Analyse extrem polydisperser Systeme. Die Entwicklung des Detektors beruht auf einem auf Linsen basierenden System mit modularem Aufbau. Dabei war die sorgfältige Ausrichtung des optischen Systems ein essentieller Punkt, um seine Eignung zu überprüfen zu können. An einer Mischung von drei Kolloiden, Halbleiternanopartikeln sowie Proteinen und deren Mischungen ist es hier gelungen, die erfolgreiche Entwicklung des UV/VIS-Detektors zu demonstrieren: Die Daten konnten schneller und mit wesentlich mehr Informationsgehalt, als auf allen kommerziellen Geräten generiert werden. Die Sedimentationskoeffizientenverteilungen stimmen dabei mit denen aus herkömmlichen Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeitsexperimenten überein, unterliegen jedoch nicht einer signifikanten diffusionsbedingten Verbreiterung. Es ist in dieser Arbeit somit gelungen, zum einen die Lichtstreuung als aussichtsreiche Methode für ein Detektorsystem in der AUZ aufzuzeigen, und zum anderen einen Multi-Wellenlängen-UV/VIS-Detektor zu entwickeln, der eine Datenerzeugung von bislang noch nicht erreichter Schnelligkeit im dreidimensionalen Raum ermöglicht.
KW  - Ultrazentrifuge
KW  - Detektor
KW  - Detektor-Entwicklung
KW  - SLS
KW  - UV/VIS
KW  - Raman
KW  - detector development
KW  - SLS
KW  - UV/VIS
KW  - Raman
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8215
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beyvers, Stephanie
A1  - Ohtsuki, Y
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Optimal control in a dissipative system : vibrational excitation of CO/Cu(100) by IR pulses
N2  - The question as to whether state-selective population of molecular vibrational levels by shaped infrared laser pulses is possible in a condensed phase environment is of central importance for such diverse fields as time-resolved spectroscopy, quantum computing, or "vibrationally mediated chemistry." This question is addressed here for a model system, representing carbon monoxide adsorbed on a Cu(100) surface. Three of the six vibrational modes are considered explicitly, namely, the CO stretch vibration, the CO-surface vibration, and a frustrated translation. Optimized infrared pulses for state-selective excitation of "bright" and "dark" vibrational levels are designed by optimal control theory in the framework of a Markovian open-system density matrix approach, with energy flow to substrate electrons and phonons, phase relaxation, and finite temperature accounted for. The pulses are analyzed by their Husimi "quasiprobability" distribution in time-energy space.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://jcp.aip.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2206593
SN  - 0021-9606
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Beyssade, Claire
A1  - Marandin, Jean-Marie
T1  - From complex to simple speech acts : a bidimensional analysis of illocutionary
N2  - We present a new analysis of illocutionary forces in dialogue. We analyze them as complex conversational moves involving two dimensions: what Speaker commits herself to and what she calls on Addressee to perform. We start from the analysis of speech acts such as confirmation requests or whimperatives, and extend the analysis to seemingly simple speech acts, such as statements and queries. Then, we show how to integrate our proposal in the framework of the Grammar for Conversation (Ginzburg, to app.), which is adequate for modelling agents' information states and how they get updated.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10319
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Best, Wendy
A1  - Schröder, Astrid
A1  - Herbert, Ruth
T1  - An investigation of a relative impairment in naming non-living items : theoretical and methodological implications
N2  - This paper presents a study of PH, a woman with aphasia, who shows a robust impairment in naming pictures of non-living relative to living things. Un-timed investigations of feature knowledge show similar performance across categories suggesting that, as in previous studies, the category effect may be arising at a post-semantic level. However, her performance on a timed feature verification task was slower for non-living than living things (relative to matched controls), in line with her naming. This suggests that the source of PH's category deficit is in fact semantic and that thorough investigation is necessary before claiming a post-semantic category specific deficit in word production. Finally, the results of an intervention study, which apparently eliminated the effect of semantic category on PH's naming, are reported.
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09116044
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.09.001
SN  - 0911-6044
ER  -