TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Naimeng A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Xu, Qinghai A1 - Huang, Xiaozhong A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Shen, Zhongwei A1 - Peng, Wei A1 - Liu, Sisi A1 - Wu, Duo A1 - Wang, Jian A1 - Xia, Huan A1 - Zhang, Dongju A1 - Chen, Fahu T1 - Vegetation change and human-environment interactions in the Qinghai Lake Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, since the last deglaciation JF - Catena N2 - The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau. KW - Quantitative vegetation reconstruction KW - Local and regional vegetation KW - dynamics KW - Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic human-environment  KW - interactions KW - Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105892 SN - 0341-8162 SN - 1872-6887 VL - 210 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard T1 - Vegetation changes and treeline dynamics in northern Siberia since the last interglacial revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding and organelle genome assembly of modern larches Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Courtin, Jérémy A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Raschke, Elena A1 - Bala, Sarah A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Liu, Sisi A1 - Zimmermann, Heike A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene. KW - last glacial KW - Holocene KW - Lake Bolshoe Toko KW - paleoenvironments KW - sedimentary ancient DNA KW - metabarcoding KW - trnL KW - pollen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Oliveira-Silva, Anna Elizabeth A1 - Piratelli, Augusto João A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues T1 - Vegetation cover restricts habitat suitability predictions of endemic Brazilian Atlantic Forest birds JF - Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation N2 - Ecological niche models (ENMs) are often used to investigate how climatic variables from known occurrence records can estimate potential species range distribution. Although climate-based ENMs provide critical baseline information, the inclusion of non-climatic predictors related to vegetation cover might generate more realistic scenarios. This assumption is particularly relevant for species with life-history traits related to forest habitats and sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we developed ENMs for 36 Atlantic Forest endemic birds considering two sets of predictor variables: (i) climatic variables only and (ii) climatic variables combined with the percentage of remaining native vegetation. We hypothesized that the inclusion of native vegetation data would decrease the potential range distribution of forest-dependent species by limiting their occurrence in regions harboring small areas of native vegetation habitats, despite otherwise favorable climatic conditions. We also expected that habitat restriction in the climate-vegetation models would be more pronounced for highly forest-dependent birds. The inclusion of vegetation data in the modeling procedures restricted the final distribution ranges of 22 out of 36 modeled species, while the 14 remaining presented an expansion of their ranges. We observed that species with high and medium forest dependency showed higher restriction in range size predictions between predictor sets than species with low forest dependency, which showed no alteration or range expansion. Overall, our results suggest that ENMs based on climatic and landscape variables may be a useful tool for conservationists to better understand the dynamic of bird species distributions in threatened and highly fragmented regions such as the Atlantic Forest hotspot.(c) 2021 Associacao Brasileira de Cie circumflex accent ncia Ecol ogica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). KW - Conservation KW - Ecological niche modeling KW - Forest dependency KW - Fragmentation KW - Habitat loss KW - Landscape KW - Life-history traits Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2021.09.002 SN - 2530-0644 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tabares Jimenez, Ximena del Carmen A1 - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth A1 - Ratzmann, Gregor A1 - Belz, Lukas A1 - Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea A1 - Dupont, Lydie A1 - Wilkes, Heinz A1 - Mapani, Benjamin A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Shrub encroachment has far-reaching ecological and economic consequences in many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, compositional changes associated with shrub encroachment are often overlooked despite having important effects on ecosystem functioning. We document the compositional change and potential drivers for a northern Namibian Combretum woodland transitioning into a Terminalia shrubland. We use a multiproxy record (pollen, sedimentary ancient DNA, biomarkers, compound-specific carbon (delta C-13) and deuterium (delta D) isotopes, bulk carbon isotopes (delta(13)Corg), grain size, geochemical properties) from Lake Otjikoto at high taxonomical and temporal resolution. We provide evidence that state changes in semiarid environments may occur on a scale of one century and that transitions between stable states can span around 80 years and are characterized by a unique vegetation composition. We demonstrate that the current grass/woody ratio is exceptional for the last 170 years, as supported by n-alkane distributions and the delta C-13 and delta(13)Corg records. Comparing vegetation records to environmental proxy data and census data, we infer a complex network of global and local drivers of vegetation change. While our delta D record suggests physiological adaptations of woody species to higher atmospheric pCO(2) concentration and drought, our vegetation records reflect the impact of broad-scale logging for the mining industry, and the macrocharcoal record suggests a decrease in fire activity associated with the intensification of farming. Impact of selective grazing is reflected by changes in abundance and taxonomical composition of grasses and by an increase of nonpalatable and trampling-resistant taxa. In addition, grain-size and spore records suggest changes in the erodibility of soils because of reduced grass cover. Synthesis. We conclude that transitions to an encroached savanna state are supported by gradual environmental changes induced by management strategies, which affected the resilience of savanna ecosystems. In addition, feedback mechanisms that reflect the interplay between management legacies and climate change maintain the encroached state. KW - climate change KW - fossil pollen KW - land-use change KW - savanna ecology KW - sedimentary ancient DNA KW - state and transition KW - tree-grass interactions Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5955 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 962 EP - 979 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienhold, Sandra-Maria A1 - Macri, Mario A1 - Nouailles, Geraldine A1 - Dietert, Kristina A1 - Gurtner, Corinne A1 - Gruber, Achim D. A1 - Heimesaat, Markus M. A1 - Lienau, Jasmin A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Opitz, Bastian A1 - Suttorp, Norbert A1 - Witzenrath, Martin A1 - Müller-Redetzky, Holger C. T1 - Ventilator-induced lung injury is aggravated by antibiotic mediated microbiota depletion in mice JF - Critical Care N2 - BackgroundAntibiotic exposure alters the microbiota, which can impact the inflammatory immune responses. Critically ill patients frequently receive antibiotic treatment and are often subjected to mechanical ventilation, which may induce local and systemic inflammatory responses and development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether disruption of the microbiota by antibiotic therapy prior to mechanical ventilation affects pulmonary inflammatory responses and thereby the development of VILI.MethodsMice underwent 6-8weeks of enteral antibiotic combination treatment until absence of cultivable bacteria in fecal samples was confirmed. Control mice were housed equally throughout this period. VILI was induced 3 days after completing the antibiotic treatment protocol, by high tidal volume (HTV) ventilation (34ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure=2 cmH(2)O) for 4h. Differences in lung function, oxygenation index, pulmonary vascular leakage, macroscopic assessment of lung injury, and leukocyte and lymphocyte differentiation were assessed. Control groups of mice ventilated with low tidal volume and non-ventilated mice were analyzed accordingly.ResultsAntibiotic-induced microbiota depletion prior to HTV ventilation led to aggravation of VILI, as shown by increased pulmonary permeability, increased oxygenation index, decreased pulmonary compliance, enhanced macroscopic lung injury, and increased cytokine/chemokine levels in lung homogenates.ConclusionsDepletion of the microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to HTV ventilation renders mice more susceptible to developing VILI, which could be clinically relevant for critically ill patients frequently receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. KW - Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy KW - Ventilator-induced lung injury KW - Microbiota Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-2213-8 SN - 1466-609X SN - 1364-8535 VL - 22 IS - 282 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Yang, Lei T1 - Verification of systemic mRNAs mobility and mobile functions Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilson, Pierre A1 - Allemeersch, Joke A1 - Altmann, Thomas A1 - Aubourg, Sebastien A1 - Avon, Alexandra A1 - Beynon, Jim A1 - Bhalerao, Rishikesh P. A1 - Bitton, Frederique A1 - Caboche, Michel A1 - Cannoot, Bernard A1 - Chardakov, Vasil A1 - Cognet-Holliger, Cecile A1 - Colot, Vincent A1 - Crowe, Mark A1 - Darimont, Caroline A1 - Durinck, Steffen A1 - Eickhoff, Holger A1 - deLongevialle, Andeol Falcon A1 - Farmer, Edward E. A1 - Grant, Murray A1 - Kuiper, Martin T. R. A1 - Lehrach, Hans A1 - Leon, Celine A1 - Leyva, Antonio A1 - Lundeberg, Joakim A1 - Lurin, Claire A1 - Moreau, Yves T1 - Versatile gene-specific sequence tags for arabidopsis functional genomics : transcript profiling and reserve genetics applications N2 - Microarray transcript profiling and RNA interference are two new technologies crucial for large-scale gene function studies in multicellular eukaryotes. Both rely on sequence-specific hybridization between complementary nucleic acid strands, inciting us to create a collection of gene-specific sequence tags (GSTs) representing at least 21,500 Arabidopsis genes and which are compatible with both approaches. The GSTs were carefully selected to ensure that each of them shared no significant similarity with any other region in the Arabidopsis genome. They were synthesized by PCR amplification from genomic DNA. Spotted microarrays fabricated from the GSTs show good dynamic range, specificity, and sensitivity in transcript profiling experiments. The GSTs have also been transferred to bacterial plasmid vectors via recombinational cloning protocols. These cloned GSTs constitute the ideal starting point for a variety of functional approaches, including reverse genetics. We have subcloned GSTs on a large scale into vectors designed for gene silencing in plant cells. We show that in planta expression of GST hairpin RNA results in the expected phenotypes in silenced Arabidopsis lines. These versatile GST resources provide novel and powerful tools for functional genomics Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Vertical niche separation of two consumers (Rotatoria) in an extreme habitat N2 - Herbivore populations are commonly restricted by resource limitation, by predation or a combination of the two. Food supplement experiments are suitable for investigating the extent of food limitation at any given time. The main part of this study was performed in an extremely acidic lake (pH 2.7) where the food web consists of only a few components and potential food sources for herbivores are restricted to two flagellates. Life table experiments proved that Chlamydomonas was a suitable food source whereas Ochromonas was an unsuitable food source. The two flagellates and the two rotifers exhibit a pronounced vertical distribution pattern. In this study, a series of food supplement experiments were performed in order to: (1) quantify and compare potential resource limitation of two primary consumers (Cephalodella hoodi and Elosa worallii, Rotatoria) over time, (2) compare their response at different temperatures, (3) evaluate the effect of having an unsuitable food source alongside a valuable one, (4) estimate the effect of predation on rotifers by Heliozoa, and (5) compare the results with those from other acidic lakes. Additionally, the spatio- temporal population dynamics of both species were observed. The field data confirmed a vertical separation of the two species with E. worallii dominating in the upper water layers, and C. hoodi in the deeper, cooler water layers. The results from the food supplement experiments in which Chlamydomonas served as the supplemented suitable food source showed that the two rotifers were food limited in the epilimnion throughout the season to different extents, with Cephalodella being more severely food limited than Elosa. The experiments at different temperatures provided evidence that Elosa had a higher optimum temperature for growth than Cephalodella. When the unsuitable food algae Ochromonas was added alongside the suitable food source Chlamydomonas, C. hoodi was unaffected but E. worallii was negatively affected. Predation of Heliozoa on rotifers was observed but the total effect on the rotifer dynamics is probably low. The comparison with other lakes showed that resource limitation also occurred in one other lake, although to a lesser extent. Overall, the vertical separation of the two rotifers could be explained by both their differential extent of resource limitation and differential response to temperature. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dong, Chao A1 - Yang, Jing A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Kirk, Martin L. T1 - Vibrational Probes of Molybdenum Cofactor-Protein Interactions in Xanthine Dehydrogenase JF - Inorganic chemistry N2 - The pyranopterin dithiolene (PDT) ligand is an integral component of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) found in all molybdoenzymes with the sole exception of nitrogenase. However, the roles of the PDT in catalysis are still unknown. The PDT is believed to be bound to the proteins by an extensive hydrogen bonding network, and it has been suggested that these interactions may function to fine-tune Moco for electron- and atom-transfer reactivity in catalysis. Here, we use resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy to probe Moco-protein interactions using heavy-atom congeners of lumazine, molecules that bind tightly to both wild-type xanthine dehydrogenase (wt-XDH) and its Q102G and Q197A variants following enzymatic hydroxylation to the corresponding violapterin product molecules. The resulting enzyme-product complexes possess intense near-IR absorption, allowing high-quality rR spectra to be collected on wt-XDH and the Q102G and Q197A variants. Small negative frequency shifts relative to wt-XDH are observed for the low-frequency Moco vibrations. These results are interpreted in the context of weak hydrogen-bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between Q102 and the -NH2 terminus of the PDT, and between Q197 and the terminal oxo of the Mo equivalent to O group. The Q102A, Q102G, Q197A, and Q197E variants do not appreciably affect the kinetic parameters k(red) and k(red)/K-D, indicating that a primary role for these glutamine residues is to stabilize and coordinate Moco in the active site of XO family enzymes but to not directly affect the catalytic throughput. Raman frequency shifts between wt-XDH and its Q102G variant suggest that the changes in the electron density at the Mo ion that accompany Mo oxidation during electron-transfer regeneration of the catalytically competent active site are manifest in distortions at the distant PDT amino terminus. This implies a primary role for the PDT as a conduit for facilitating enzymatic electron-transfer reactivity in xanthine oxidase family enzymes. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00028 SN - 0020-1669 SN - 1520-510X VL - 56 SP - 6830 EP - 6837 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Nguyen, Thi Hong A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - Vietnamese migrants are as tall as they want to be JF - Human biology and public health N2 - Background: Members of the same social group tent to have the same body height. Migrants tend to adjust in height to their host communities. Objectives: Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors influence growth. We hypothesized that Vietnamese young adult migrants in Germany (1) are taller than their parents, (2) are as tall as their German peers, and (3) are as tall as predicted by height expectation at age 13 years. Sample: The study was conducted in 30 male and 54 female Vietnamese migrants (mean age 26.23 years. SD=4.96) in Germany in 2020. Methods: Information on age, sex, body height, school and education, job, height and ethnicity of best friend, migration history and cultural identification, parental height and education, and recalled information on their personal height expectations at age 13 years were obtained by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) and multiple regression. Results: Vietnamese young adults are taller than their parents (females 3.85cm, males 7.44cm), but do not fully attain height of their German peers. The body height is positively associated with the height of best friend (p < 0.001), the height expectation at age 13 year (p < 0.001), and father’s height (p=0.001). Conclusion: Body height of Vietnamese migrants in Germany reflects competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. The magnitude of this intergenerational trend supports the concept that human growth depends on SEPE factors. KW - body height KW - regulation of growth KW - migrants KW - Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph.v2.12 SN - 2748-9957 IS - 2 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adel, Mustafa A1 - Elbehery, Ali H. A. A1 - Aziz, Sherry K. A1 - Aziz, Ramy K. A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Siam, Rania T1 - Viruses-to-mobile genetic elements skew in the deep Atlantis II brine pool sediments JF - Scientific reports N2 - The central rift of the Red Sea has 25 brine pools with different physical and geochemical characteristics. Atlantis II (ATIID), Discovery Deeps (DD) and Chain Deep (CD) are characterized by high salinity, temperature and metal content. Several studies reported microbial communities in these brine pools, but few studies addressed the brine pool sediments. Therefore, sediment cores were collected from ATIID, DD, CD brine pools and an adjacent brine-influenced site. Sixteen different lithologic sediment sections were subjected to shotgun DNA pyrosequencing to generate 1.47 billion base pairs (1.47 x 10(9) bp). We generated sediment-specific reads and attempted to annotate all reads. We report the phylogenetic and biochemical uniqueness of the deepest ATIID sulfur-rich brine pool sediments. In contrary to all other sediment sections, bacteria dominate the deepest ATIID sulfur-rich brine pool sediments. This decrease in virus-to-bacteria ratio in selected sections and depth coincided with an overrepresentation of mobile genetic elements. Skewing in the composition of viruses-to-mobile genetic elements may uniquely contribute to the distinct microbial consortium in sediments in proximity to hydrothermally active vents of the Red Sea and possibly in their surroundings, through differential horizontal gene transfer. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32704 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 8882 EP - 8888 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koc-Januchta, Marta A1 - Höffler, Tim A1 - Thoma, Gun-Brit A1 - Prechtl, Helmut A1 - Leutner, Detlev T1 - Visualizers versus verbalizers BT - Effects of cognitive style on learning with texts and pictures - An eye-tracking study JF - Computers in human behavior N2 - This study was conducted in order to examine the differences between visualizers and verbalizers in the way they gaze at pictures and texts while learning. Using a collection of questionnaires, college students were classified according to their visual or verbal cognitive style and were asked to learn about two different, in terms of subject and type of knowledge, topics by means of text-picture combinations. Eye-tracking was used to investigate their gaze behavior. The results show that visualizers spent significantly more time inspecting pictures than verbalizers, while verbalizers spent more time inspecting texts. Results also suggest that both visualizers' and verbalizers' way of learning is active but mostly within areas providing the source of information in line with their cognitive style (pictures or text). Verbalizers tended to enter non-informative, irrelevant areas of pictures sooner than visualizers. The comparison of learning outcomes showed that the group of visualizers achieved better results than the group of verbalizers on a comprehension test. KW - Cognitive style KW - Verbalizer KW - Visualizer KW - Eye-tracking KW - Multimedia learning Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.028 SN - 0747-5632 SN - 1873-7692 VL - 68 SP - 170 EP - 179 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karuwanarint, Piyaporn A1 - Phonrat, Benjaluck A1 - Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee A1 - Suriyaprom, Kanjana A1 - Chuengsamarn, Somlak A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Tungtrongchitr, Rungsunn T1 - Vitamin D-binding protein and its polymorphisms as a predictor for metabolic syndrome JF - Biomarkers in medicine N2 - Aim: To investigate the relationship of vitamin D-binding protein (GC) and genetic variation of GC (rs4588, rs7041 and rs2282679) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Thai population. Materials & methods: GCglobulin concentrations were measured by quantitative western blot analysis in 401 adults. All participants were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Results: GC-globulin levels were significatly lower in MetS subjects than in control subjects, in which significant negative correlations of GC-globulin levels with systolic blood pressure, glucose and age were found. Male participants who carried the GT genotype for rs4588 showed an increased risk of MetS compared with the GG wild-type (odds ratio: 3.25; p = 0.004). Conclusion: GC-globulin concentrations and variation in GC rs4588 were supported as a risk factor for MetS in Thais. KW - GC gene KW - GC-globulin KW - metabolic syndrome KW - polymorphism KW - Thai population KW - vitamin D-binding protein Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2018-0029 SN - 1752-0363 SN - 1752-0371 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 465 EP - 473 PB - Future Medicine CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tenenboim, Hezi A1 - Smirnova, Julia A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Steup, Martin A1 - Brotman, Yariv T1 - VMP1-deficient Chlamydomonas exhibits severely aberrant cell morphology and disrupted cytokinesies JF - BMC plant biology N2 - Background: The versatile Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) has been previously investigated in six species. It has been shown to be essential in macroautophagy, where it takes part in autophagy initiation. In addition, VMP1 has been implicated in organellar biogenesis; endo-, exo- and phagocytosis, and protein secretion; apoptosis; and cell adhesion. These roles underly its proven involvement in pancreatitis, diabetes and cancer in humans. Results: In this study we analyzed a VMP1 homologue from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. CrVMP1 knockdown lines showed severe phenotypes, mainly affecting cell division as well as the morphology of cells and organelles. We also provide several pieces of evidence for its involvement in macroautophagy. KW - VMP1 KW - Autophagy KW - Cytokinesis Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-14-121 SN - 1471-2229 VL - 14 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - voice break as the marker of biological age JF - Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child N2 - Aim: We aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status. Methods: We re-analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10-17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys. Results: Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m(2) higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity-related references led to an average of 5.4% of boys being falsely classified as overweight. KW - Body mass index KW - Developmental tempo KW - Growth reference values KW - Overweight KW - Voice break Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13488 SN - 0803-5253 SN - 1651-2227 VL - 105 SP - e459 EP - e463 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lefoulon, Cecile A1 - Karnik, Rucha A1 - Honsbein, Annegret A1 - Gutla, Paul Vijay A1 - Grefen, Christopher A1 - Riedelsberger, Janin A1 - Poblete, Tomas A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Gonzalez, Wendy A1 - Blatt, Michael R. T1 - Voltage-sensor transitions of the inward-rectifying K+ channel KAT1 indicate a latching mechanism biased by hydration within the voltage sensor JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants N2 - The Kv-like (potassium voltage-dependent) K+ channels at the plasma membrane, including the inward-rectifying KAT1 K+ channel of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), are important targets for manipulating K+ homeostasis in plants. Gating modification, especially, has been identified as a promising means by which to engineer plants with improved characteristics in mineral and water use. Understanding plant K+ channel gating poses several challenges, despite many similarities to that of mammalian Kv and Shaker channel models. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to explore residues that are thought to form two electrostatic countercharge centers on either side of a conserved phenylalanine (Phe) residue within the S2 and S3 alpha-helices of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) of Kv channels. Consistent with molecular dynamic simulations of KAT1, we show that the voltage dependence of the channel gate is highly sensitive to manipulations affecting these residues. Mutations of the central Phe residue favored the closed KAT1 channel, whereas mutations affecting the countercharge centers favored the open channel. Modeling of the macroscopic current kinetics also highlighted a substantial difference between the two sets of mutations. We interpret these findings in the context of the effects on hydration of amino acid residues within the VSD and with an inherent bias of the VSD, when hydrated around a central Phe residue, to the closed state of the channel. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.244319 SN - 0032-0889 SN - 1532-2548 VL - 166 IS - 2 SP - 960 EP - U776 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Jiawei A1 - Frøkjær, Emil Egede A1 - Engelbrekt, Christian A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Ulstrup, Jens A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Xiao, Xinxin A1 - Zhang, Jingdong T1 - Voltammetry and single-molecule in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy of the redox metalloenzyme human sulfite oxidase JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - Human sulfite oxidase (hSO) is a homodimeric two-domain enzyme central in the biological sulfur cycle. A pyranopterin molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the catalytic site and a heme b(5) group located in the N-terminal domain. The two domains are connected by a flexible linker region. Electrons produced at the Moco in sulfite oxidation, are relayed via heme b(5) to electron acceptors or an electrode surface. Inter-domain conformational changes between an open and a closed enzyme conformation, allowing "gated" electron transfer has been suggested. We first recorded cyclic voltammetry (CV) of hSO on single-crystal Au(111)-electrode surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) both of a short rigid thiol, cysteamine and of a longer structurally flexible thiol, omega-amino-octanethiol (AOT). hSO on cysteamine SAMs displays a well-defined pair of voltammetric peaks around -0.207 V vs. SCE in the absence of sulfite substrate, but no electrocatalysis. hSO on AOT SAMs displays well-defined electrocatalysis, but only "fair" quality voltammetry in the absence of sulfite. We recorded next in situ scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) of hSO on AOT modified Au(111)-electrodes, disclosing, a 2-5 % surface coverage of strong molecular scale contrasts, assigned to single hSO molecules, notably with no contrast difference in the absence and presence of sulfite. In situ STS corroborated this observation with a sigmoidal tunnelling current/overpotential correlation. KW - cyclic voltammetry KW - human sulfite oxidase KW - in  situ scanning KW - tunnelling spectroscopy KW - self-assembled molecular monolayers KW - single-crystal gold electrodes Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202001258 SN - 2196-0216 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 164 EP - 171 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boese, Stefan H. A1 - Gray, Michael A. A1 - Simmons, N. L. T1 - Volume and non-volume activated anion conductances and their interactions in the renal IMCD Y1 - 2004 SN - 0-387- 23299-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aberle-Malzahn, Nicole A1 - Bauer, Barbara A1 - Lewandowska, A. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Sommer, U. T1 - Warming induces shifts in microzooplankton phenology and reduces time-lags between phytoplankton and protozoan production JF - Marine biology : international journal on life in oceans and coastal waters N2 - Indoor mesocosm experiments were conducted to test for potential climate change effects on the spring succession of Baltic Sea plankton. Two different temperature (Delta 0 A degrees C and Delta 6 A degrees C) and three light scenarios (62, 57 and 49 % of the natural surface light intensity on sunny days), mimicking increasing cloudiness as predicted for warmer winters in the Baltic Sea region, were simulated. By combining experimental and modeling approaches, we were able to test for a potential dietary mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Two general predator-prey models, one representing the community as a tri-trophic food chain and one as a 5-guild food web were applied to test for the consequences of different temperature sensitivities of heterotrophic components of the plankton. During the experiments, we observed reduced time-lags between the peaks of phytoplankton and protozoan biomass in response to warming. Microzooplankton peak biomass was reached by 2.5 day A degrees C-1 earlier and occurred almost synchronously with biomass peaks of phytoplankton in the warm mesocosms (Delta 6 A degrees C). The peak magnitudes of microzooplankton biomass remained unaffected by temperature, and growth rates of microzooplankton were higher at Delta 6 A degrees C (mu(a dagger 0 A degrees C) = 0.12 day(-1) and mu(a dagger 6 A degrees C) = 0.25 day(-1)). Furthermore, warming induced a shift in microzooplankton phenology leading to a faster species turnover and a shorter window of microzooplankton occurrence. Moderate differences in the light levels had no significant effect on the time-lags between autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass and on the timing, biomass maxima and growth rate of microzooplankton biomass. Both models predicted reduced time-lags between the biomass peaks of phytoplankton and its predators (both microzooplankton and copepods) with warming. The reduction of time-lags increased with increasing Q(10) values of copepods and protozoans in the tritrophic food chain. Indirect trophic effects modified this pattern in the 5-guild food web. Our study shows that instead of a mismatch, warming might lead to a stronger match between protist grazers and their prey altering in turn the transfer of matter and energy toward higher trophic levels. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-1947-0 SN - 0025-3162 VL - 159 IS - 11 SP - 2441 EP - 2453 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mehner, T. A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Brauns, Mario A1 - Brothers, Soren M. A1 - Diekmann, J. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Koehler, J. A1 - Lischke, Betty A1 - Meyer, N. A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Syvaranta, J. A1 - Vanni, M. J. A1 - Hilt, S. T1 - Weak Response of Animal Allochthony and Production to Enhanced Supply of Terrestrial Leaf Litter in Nutrient-Rich Lakes JF - Ecosystems N2 - Ecosystems are generally linked via fluxes of nutrients and energy across their boundaries. For example, freshwater ecosystems in temperate regions may receive significant inputs of terrestrially derived carbon via autumnal leaf litter. This terrestrial particulate organic carbon (POC) is hypothesized to subsidize animal production in lakes, but direct evidence is still lacking. We divided two small eutrophic lakes each into two sections and added isotopically distinct maize litter to the treatment sections to simulate increased terrestrial POC inputs via leaf litter in autumn. We quantified the reliance of aquatic consumers on terrestrial resources (allochthony) in the year subsequent to POC additions by applying mixing models of stable isotopes. We also estimated lake-wide carbon (C) balances to calculate the C flow to the production of the major aquatic consumer groups: benthic macroinvertebrates, crustacean zooplankton, and fish. The sum of secondary production of crustaceans and benthic macroinvertebrates supported by terrestrial POC was higher in the treatment sections of both lakes. In contrast, total secondary and tertiary production (supported by both autochthonous and allochthonous C) was higher in the reference than in the treatment sections of both lakes. Average aquatic consumer allochthony per lake section was 27-40%, although terrestrial POC contributed less than about 10% to total organic C supply to the lakes. The production of aquatic consumers incorporated less than 5% of the total organic C supply in both lakes, indicating a low ecological efficiency. We suggest that the consumption of terrestrial POC by aquatic consumers facilitates a strong coupling with the terrestrial environment. However, the high autochthonous production and the large pool of autochthonous detritus in these nutrient-rich lakes make terrestrial POC quantitatively unimportant for the C flows within food webs. KW - stable isotopes KW - terrestrial subsidy KW - carbon budget KW - ecological efficiency KW - benthic food web KW - pelagic food web Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9933-2 SN - 1432-9840 SN - 1435-0629 VL - 19 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wichmann, Matthias A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Dean, Richard A1 - Moloney, Kirk A. A1 - Wissel, Christian T1 - Weather does matter : simulating population dynamics of tawny eagle (Aquila rapax) under various rainfall scenarios Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mofina, Sabine T1 - Weighing the Role of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1a in Tumor and Stroma for tumorigenesis Y1 - 2012 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Bilogub, Maria A1 - Lindl, A. C. A1 - Harper, D. A1 - Mansukoski, L. A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Weight and height growth of malnourished school-age children during re-feeding BT - three historic studies published shortly after World War I JF - European journal of clinical nutrition N2 - Background In view of the ongoing debate on "chronic malnutrition" and the concept of "stunting" as "a better measure than underweight of the cumulative effects of undernutrition and infection (WHO)", we translate, briefly comment and republish three seminal historic papers on catch-up growth following re-feeding after severe food restriction of German children during and after World War I. The observations were published in 1920 and 1922, and appear to be of particular interest to the modern nutritionist. Results The papers of Abderhalden (1920) and Bloch (1920) describe German children of all social strata who were born shortly before World War I, and raised in apparently "normal" families. After severe long-standing undernutrition, they participated in an international charity program. They experienced exceptional catch-up growth in height of 3-5 cm within 6-8 weeks. Goldstein (1922) observed 512 orphans and children from underprivileged families. Goldstein described very different growth patterns. These children were much shorter (mean height between -2.0 and -2.8 SDS, modern WHO reference). They mostly failed to catch-up in height, but tended to excessively increase in weight particularly during adolescence. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0274-z SN - 0954-3007 SN - 1476-5640 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1603 EP - 1619 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appelhagen, Ingo A1 - Huep, Gunnar A1 - Lu, Gui-Hua A1 - Strompen, Georg A1 - Weisshaar, Bernd A1 - Sagasser, Martin T1 - Weird fingers : functional analysis of WIP domain proteins N2 - WIP proteins form a plant specific subfamily of C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) proteins. In this study, we functionally characterized the WIP domain, which consists of four ZF motifs, and discuss molecular functions for WIP proteins. Mutations in each of the ZFs lead to loss of function of the TT1/WIP1 protein in Arabiopsis thaliana. SV40 type nuclear localisation signals were detected in two of the ZFs and functionally characterized using GFP fusions as well as new mutant alleles identified by TILLING. Promoter swap experiments showed that selected WIP proteins are partially able to take over TT1 function. Activity of the AtBAN promoter, a potential TT1 target, could be increased by the addition of TT1 to the TT2-TT8-TTG1 regulatory complex. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00145793 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2010.06.007 SN - 0014-5793 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Julia A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Welcome to the dark side BT - partial nighttime illumination affects night-and daytime foraging behavior of a small mammal JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics. KW - light pollution KW - inter-individual differences KW - animal personality KW - Myodes glareolus KW - ALAN Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Julia A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Welcome to the Dark Side BT - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1231 KW - light pollution KW - inter-individual differences KW - animal personality KW - Myodes glareolus KW - ALAN Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544702 SN - 1866-8372 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Julia A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Welcome to the Dark Side BT - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics. KW - light pollution KW - inter-individual differences KW - animal personality KW - Myodes glareolus KW - ALAN Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martens, Dörte T1 - Well-being and acceptance - contradictory aims in forest management? JF - Eco.mont : journal on protected mountain areas research N2 - Urban forests fulfil various functions, among them the restoration process and aesthetical needs of urban residents. This article reflects the attitudes towards different managed forests on the one hand and their influence on psychological well-being on the other. Results of empirical approaches from both fields show some inconsistency, suggesting that people have a more positive attitude towards wild forest areas, while the effect on well-being is more positive after a walk in tended forest areas. A discussion follows on the link between perception and the effect of urban forests. An outlook on necessary research reveals the need for longitudinal research. The article concludes by showing management implications. KW - urban forest KW - management KW - well-being KW - attitude KW - wilderness Y1 - 2011 SN - 2073-106X VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 63 EP - 65 PB - Austrian Academy of Sciences Press CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boeker, Sonja A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane ED - Scheffler, Christiane ED - Koziel, Slawomir ED - Hermanussen, Michael ED - Bogin, Barry T1 - Westernization of self-perception in modern affluent Indonesian school children T2 - Human Biology and Public Health N2 - Background Subjective Social Status is used as an important predictor for psychological and physiological findings, most commonly measured with the MacArthur Scale (Ladder Test). Previous studies have shown that this test fits better in Western cultures. The idea of a social ladder itself and ranking oneself “higher” or “lower” is a concept that accords to the Western thinking. Objectives We hypothesize that in a culture where only the elites have adapted to a Western lifestyle, the test results reflect a higher level of accuracy for this stratum. We also expect that self-perception differs per sex. Sample and Methods We implemented the Ladder Test in a study of Indonesian schoolchildren aged between 5 and 13 years (boys N = 369, girls N= 364) from non-private and private schools in Kupang in 2020. Results Our analysis showed that the Ladder Test results were according to the Western expectations only for the private school, as the Ladder Scores significantly decreased with age (LM: p = 0.04). The Ladder Test results are best explained by “Education Father” for the non-private school pupils (p = 0.01) and all boys (p = 0.04), by “School Grades” for the private school cohort (p = 0.06) and by “Household Score” for girls (p =0.09). Conclusion This finding indicates that the concept of ranking oneself “high” or “low” on a social ladder is strongly implicated with Western ideas. A ladder implies social movement by “climbing” up or down. According to that, reflection of self-perception is influenced by culture. KW - self-perception KW - social status KW - westernization KW - cultural dependence Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph.v1.4 SN - 2748-9957 VL - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Camara Mattos Martins, Marina T1 - What are the downstream targets of trehalose-6-phosphate signalling in plants? Y1 - 2011 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chorus, Ingrid A1 - Spijkerman, Elly T1 - What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control JF - Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica N2 - Colin Reynolds exquisitely consolidated our understanding of driving forces shaping phytoplankton communities and those setting the upper limit to biomass yield, with limitation typically shifting from light in winter to phosphorus in spring. Nonetheless, co-limitation is frequently postulated from enhanced growth responses to enrichments with both N and P or from N:P ranging around the Redfield ratio, concluding a need to reduce both N and P in order to mitigate eutrophication. Here, we review the current understanding of limitation through N and P and of co-limitation. We conclude that Reynolds is still correct: (i) Liebig's law of the minimum holds and reducing P is sufficient, provided concentrations achieved are low enough; (ii) analyses of nutrient limitation need to exclude evidently non-limiting situations, i.e. where soluble P exceeds 3-10 mu g/l, dissolved N exceeds 100-130 mu g/l and total P and N support high biomass levels with self-shading causing light limitation; (iii) additionally decreasing N to limiting concentrations may be useful in specific situations (e.g. shallow waterbodies with high internal P and pronounced denitrification); (iv) management decisions require local, situation-specific assessments. The value of research on stoichiometry and co-limitation lies in promoting our understanding of phytoplankton ecophysiology and community ecology. KW - phytoplankton KW - nitrogen limitation KW - redfield ratio KW - co-limitation KW - enrichment experiments Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04377-w SN - 0018-8158 SN - 1573-5117 VL - 848 IS - 1 SP - 95 EP - 111 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chorus, Ingrid A1 - Spijkerman, Elly T1 - What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Colin Reynolds exquisitely consolidated our understanding of driving forces shaping phytoplankton communities and those setting the upper limit to biomass yield, with limitation typically shifting from light in winter to phosphorus in spring. Nonetheless, co-limitation is frequently postulated from enhanced growth responses to enrichments with both N and P or from N:P ranging around the Redfield ratio, concluding a need to reduce both N and P in order to mitigate eutrophication. Here, we review the current understanding of limitation through N and P and of co-limitation. We conclude that Reynolds is still correct: (i) Liebig's law of the minimum holds and reducing P is sufficient, provided concentrations achieved are low enough; (ii) analyses of nutrient limitation need to exclude evidently non-limiting situations, i.e. where soluble P exceeds 3-10 mu g/l, dissolved N exceeds 100-130 mu g/l and total P and N support high biomass levels with self-shading causing light limitation; (iii) additionally decreasing N to limiting concentrations may be useful in specific situations (e.g. shallow waterbodies with high internal P and pronounced denitrification); (iv) management decisions require local, situation-specific assessments. The value of research on stoichiometry and co-limitation lies in promoting our understanding of phytoplankton ecophysiology and community ecology. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1344 KW - phytoplankton KW - nitrogen limitation KW - redfield ratio KW - co-limitation KW - enrichment experiments Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541979 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - What does stunting tell us? JF - Human biology and public health N2 - Stunting is commonly linked with undernutrition. Yet, already after World War I, German pediatricians questioned this link and stated that no association exists between nutrition and height. Recent analyses within different populations of Low- and middle-income countries with high rates of stunted children failed to support the assumption that stunted children have a low BMI and skinfold sickness as signs of severe caloric deficiency. So, stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Parental education level has a positive influence on body height in stunted populations, e.g., in India and in Indonesia. Socially disadvantaged children tend to be shorter and lighter than children from affluent families. Humans are social mammals; they regulate growth similar to other social mammals. Also in humans, body height is strongly associated with the position within the social hierarchy, reflecting the personal and group-specific social, economic, political, and emotional environment. These non-nutritional impact factors on growth are summarized by the concept of SEPE (Social-Economic-Political-Emotional) factors. SEPE reflects on prestige, dominance-subordination, social identity, and ego motivation of individuals and social groups. KW - SEPE Factors KW - physical fitness KW - height in history KW - malnutrition Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2022.3.36 SN - 2748-9957 VL - 2022 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - What does the mean menarcheal age mean?An analysis of temporal pattern in variability in a historical swiss population from the 19th and 20th centuries JF - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council N2 - ObjectivesAge at menarche is one of the most important factors when observing growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal pattern in variability of menarcheal age for a historic Swiss population from the 19th and 20th centuries. ResultsMean menarcheal age declined from 17.34 years (n=358) around 1830 to 13.80 years (n=141) around 1950. Within-cohort variance decreased from 7.5 to 2.1 year(2). Skewness was negatively correlated with birth year (r=-0.58). ConclusionThis study provided evidence for a secular trend in various statistical parameters for age at menarche since the 19th century. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of temporal pattern in variability revealed that the secular trend in menarcheal age happened in two phases. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:705-713, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22854 SN - 1042-0533 SN - 1520-6300 VL - 28 SP - 705 EP - 713 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Dieter A1 - Walters, R. J. A1 - Gotthard, K. T1 - What limits insect fecundity? : Body size- and temperature-dependent egg maturation and oviposition in a butterfly N2 - * 1. Large female insects usually have high potential fecundity. Therefore selection should favour an increase in body size given that these females get opportunities to realize their potential advantage by maturing and laying more eggs. However, ectotherm physiology is strongly temperature-dependent, and activities are carried out sufficiently only within certain temperature ranges. Thus it remains unclear if the fecundity advantage of a large size is fully realized in natural environments, where thermal conditions are limiting. * 2. Insect fecundity might be limited by temperature at two levels; first eggs need to mature, and then the female needs time for strategic ovipositing of the egg. Since a female cannot foresee the number of oviposition opportunities that she will encounter on a given day, the optimal rate of egg maturation will be governed by trade-offs associated with egg- and time-limited oviposition. As females of different sizes will have different amounts of body reserves, size-dependent allocation trade-offs between the mother"s condition and her egg production might be expected. * 3. In the temperate butterfly Pararge aegeria, the time and temperature dependence of oviposition and egg maturation, and the interrelatedness of these two processes were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments, allowing a decoupling of the time budgets for the respective processes. * 4. The results show that realized fecundity of this species can be limited by both the temperature dependence of egg maturation and oviposition under certain thermal regimes. Furthermore, rates of oviposition and egg maturation seemed to have regulatory effects upon each other. Early reproductive output was correlated with short life span, indicating a cost of reproduction. Finally, large females matured more eggs than small females when deprived of oviposition opportunities. Thus, the optimal allocation of resources to egg production seems dependent on female size. * 5. This study highlights the complexity of processes underlying rates of egg maturation and oviposition in ectotherms under natural conditions. We further discuss the importance of temperature variation for egg- vs. time-limited fecundity and the consequences for the evolution of female body size in insects. Y1 - 2008 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01392.x U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01392.x SN - 0269-8463 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreyer, Ingo A1 - Blatt, Michael R. T1 - What makes a gate? : the ins and outs of Kv-like K+ channels in plants N2 - Gating of K+ and other ion channels is 'hard-wired' within the channel protein. So it remains a puzzle how closely related channels in plants can show an unusually diverse range of biophysical properties. Gating of these channels lies at the heart of K+ mineral nutrition, signalling, abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. Thus, our knowledge of the molecular mechanics underpinning K+ channel gating will be important for rational engineering of related traits in agricultural crops. Several key studies have added significantly to our understanding of channel gating in plants and have challenged current thinking about analogous processes found in animal K+ channels. Such studies highlight how much of K+ channel gating remains to be explored in plants. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13601385 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2009.04.001 SN - 1360-1385 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Jan A1 - Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Dengler, Jürgen A1 - Fritz, Susanne A. A1 - Gruber, Bernd A1 - Hof, Christian A1 - Jansen, Florian A1 - Knapp, Sonja A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Schneider, Anne-Kathrin A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Dormann, Carsten F. T1 - What's on the horizon for macroecology? JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum N2 - Over the last two decades, macroecology the analysis of large-scale, multi-species ecological patterns and processes has established itself as a major line of biological research. Analyses of statistical links between environmental variables and biotic responses have long and successfully been employed as a main approach, but new developments are due to be utilized. Scanning the horizon of macroecology, we identified four challenges that will probably play a major role in the future. We support our claims by examples and bibliographic analyses. 1) Integrating the past into macroecological analyses, e.g. by using paleontological or phylogenetic information or by applying methods from historical biogeography, will sharpen our understanding of the underlying reasons for contemporary patterns. 2) Explicit consideration of the local processes that lead to the observed larger-scale patterns is necessary to understand the fine-grain variability found in nature, and will enable better prediction of future patterns (e.g. under environmental change conditions). 3) Macroecology is dependent on large-scale, high quality data from a broad spectrum of taxa and regions. More available data sources need to be tapped and new, small-grain large-extent data need to be collected. 4) Although macroecology already lead to mainstreaming cutting-edge statistical analysis techniques, we find that more sophisticated methods are needed to account for the biases inherent to sampling at large scale. Bayesian methods may be particularly suitable to address these challenges. To continue the vigorous development of the macroecological research agenda, it is time to address these challenges and to avoid becoming too complacent with current achievements. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07364.x SN - 0906-7590 SN - 1600-0587 VL - 35 IS - 8 SP - 673 EP - 683 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Cécile H. A1 - Grassein, Fabrice A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Vieilledent, Ghislain A1 - Violle, Cyrille T1 - When and how should intraspecific variability be considered in trait-based plant ecology? JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. Trait-based approaches often rely on the tacit assumption that intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is negligible compared to interspecific variability, so that species can be characterized by mean trait values. Yet, numerous recent studies have challenged this assumption by showing that ITV significantly affects various ecological processes. Accounting for ITV may thus strengthen trait-based approaches, but measuring trait values on a large number of individuals per species and site is not feasible. Therefore, it is important and timely to synthesize existing knowledge on ITV in order to (1) decide critically when ITV should be considered, and (2) establish methods for incorporating this variability. Here we propose a practical set of rules to identify circumstances under which ITV should be accounted for. We formulate a spatial trait variance partitioning hypothesis to highlight the spatial scales at which ITV cannot be ignored in ecological studies. We then refine a set of four consecutive questions on the research question, the spatial scale, the sampling design, and the type of studied traits, to determine case-by-case if a given study should quantify ITV and test its effects. We review methods for quantifying ITV and develop a step-by-step guideline to design and interpret simulation studies that test for the importance of ITV. Even in the absence of quantitative knowledge on ITV, its effects can be assessed by varying trait values within species within realistic bounds around the known mean values. We finish with a discussion of future requirements to further incorporate ITV within trait-based approaches. This paper thus delineates a general framework to account for ITV and suggests a direction towards a more quantitative trait-based ecology. KW - Comparative ecology KW - Functional ecology KW - Genetic variability KW - Intraspecific functional variability KW - Phenotypic plasticity KW - Plant functional hairs KW - Within-species variability Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.04.003 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 217 EP - 225 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plue, Jan A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Acharya, Kamal A1 - Brunet, Jörg A1 - Chabrerie, Olivier A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - Diekmann, Martin A1 - Graae, Bente J. A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hermy, Martin A1 - Kolb, Annette A1 - Lemke, Isgard A1 - Liira, Jaan A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Verheyen, Kris A1 - Wulf, Monika A1 - Cousins, Sara A. O. T1 - Where does the community start, and where does it end? BT - including the seed bank to reassess forest herb layer responses to the environment JF - Journal of vegetation science N2 - QuestionBelow-ground processes are key determinants of above-ground plant population and community dynamics. Still, our understanding of how environmental drivers shape plant communities is mostly based on above-ground diversity patterns, bypassing below-ground plant diversity stored in seed banks. As seed banks may shape above-ground plant communities, we question whether concurrently analysing the above- and below-ground species assemblages may potentially enhance our understanding of community responses to environmental variation. LocationTemperate deciduous forests along a 2000km latitudinal gradient in NW Europe. MethodsHerb layer, seed bank and local environmental data including soil pH, canopy cover, forest cover continuity and time since last canopy disturbance were collected in 129 temperate deciduous forest plots. We quantified herb layer and seed bank diversity per plot and evaluated how environmental variation structured community diversity in the herb layer, seed bank and the combined herb layer-seed bank community. ResultsSeed banks consistently held more plant species than the herb layer. How local plot diversity was partitioned across the herb layer and seed bank was mediated by environmental variation in drivers serving as proxies of light availability. The herb layer and seed bank contained an ever smaller and ever larger share of local diversity, respectively, as both canopy cover and time since last canopy disturbance decreased. Species richness and -diversity of the combined herb layer-seed bank community responded distinctly differently compared to the separate assemblages in response to environmental variation in, e.g. forest cover continuity and canopy cover. ConclusionsThe seed bank is a below-ground diversity reservoir of the herbaceous forest community, which interacts with the herb layer, although constrained by environmental variation in e.g. light availability. The herb layer and seed bank co-exist as a single community by means of the so-called storage effect, resulting in distinct responses to environmental variation not necessarily recorded in the individual herb layer or seed bank assemblages. Thus, concurrently analysing above- and below-ground diversity will improve our ecological understanding of how understorey plant communities respond to environmental variation. KW - Above-ground KW - Below-ground KW - Canopy KW - Disturbance KW - Diversity KW - Light availability KW - NWEurope KW - Plant community KW - Species co-existence KW - Storage effect Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12493 SN - 1100-9233 SN - 1654-1103 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 424 EP - 435 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, A. -K. A1 - van Schaik, L. A1 - Zangerle, A. A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Schroeder, B. T1 - Which abiotic filters shape earthworm distribution patterns at the catchment scale? JF - European journal of soil science N2 - Earthworms affect various soil ecosystem processes in their role as ecosystem engineers. The spatial distribution of earthworms determines the spatial distribution of their functional effects. In particular, earthworm-induced macropore networks may act as preferential flow pathways. In this research we aimed to determine earthworm distributions at the catchment scale with species distribution models (SDMs). We used land-use types, temporally invariant topography-related variables and plot-scale soil characteristics such as pH and organic matter content. We used data from spring 2013 to estimate probability distributions of the occurrence of ten earthworm species. To assess the robustness of these models, we tested temporal transferability by evaluating the accuracy of predictions from the models derived for the spring data with the predictions from data of two other field surveys in autumn 2012 and 2013. In addition, we compared the performance of SDMs based (i) on temporally varying plot-scale predictor variables with (ii) those based on temporally invariant catchment-scale predictors. Models based on catchment-scale predictors, especially land use and slope, experience a small loss of predictive performance only compared with plot-scale SDMs but have greater temporal transferability. Earthworm distribution maps derived from this kind of SDM are a prerequisite for understanding the spatial distribution patterns of functional effects related to earthworms. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12346 SN - 1351-0754 SN - 1365-2389 VL - 67 SP - 431 EP - 442 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Itonaga, Naomi T1 - White storks (Ciconia ciconia) of Eastern Germany: age-dependent breeding ability, and age- and density-dependent effects on dispersal behavior T1 - Der Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) aus dem östlichen Deutschland: altersabhängiges Reproduktionsvermögen und alters- und bestandsdichteabhängiges Ausbreitungsverhalten N2 - Dispersal behavior plays an important role for the geographical distribution and population structure of any given species. Individual’s fitness, reproductive and competitive ability, and dispersal behavior can be determined by the age of the individual. Age-dependent as well as density-dependent dispersal patterns are common in many bird species. In this thesis, I first present age-dependent breeding ability and natal site fidelity in white storks (Ciconia ciconia); migratory birds breeding in large parts of Europe. I predicted that both the proportion of breeding birds and natal site fidelity increase with the age. After the seventies of the last century, following a steep population decline, a recovery of the white stork population has been observed in many regions in Europe. Increasing population density in the white stork population in Eastern Germany especially after 1983 allowed examining density- as well as age-dependent breeding dispersal patterns. Therefore second, I present whether: young birds show more often and longer breeding dispersal than old birds, and frequency of dispersal events increase with the population density increase, especially in the young storks. Third, I present age- and density-dependent dispersal direction preferences in the give population. I asked whether and how the major spring migration direction interacts with dispersal directions of white storks: in different age, and under different population densities. The proportion of breeding individuals increased in the first 22 years of life and then decreased suggesting, the senescent decay in aging storks. Young storks were more faithful to their natal sites than old storks probably due to their innate migratory direction and distance. Young storks dispersed more frequently than old storks in general, but not for longer distance. Proportion of dispersing individuals increased significantly with increasing population densities indicating, density- dependent dispersal behavior in white storks. Moreover, the finding of a significant interaction effects between the age of dispersing birds and year (1980–2006) suggesting, older birds dispersed more from their previous nest sites over time due to increased competition. Both young and old storks dispersed along their spring migration direction; however, directional preferences were different in young storks and old storks. Young storks tended to settle down before reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the south-eastward dispersal) while old birds tended to keep migrating along the migration direction after reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the north-westward dispersal). Cues triggering dispersal events may be age-dependent. Changes in the dispersal direction over time were observed. Dispersal direction became obscured during the second half of the observation period (1993–2006). Increase in competition may affect dispersal behavior in storks. I discuss the potential role of: age for the observed age-dependent dispersal behavior, and competition for the density dependent dispersal behavior. This Ph.D. thesis contributes significantly to the understanding of population structure and geographical distribution of white storks. Moreover, presented age- and density (competition)-dependent dispersal behavior helps understanding underpinning mechanisms of dispersal behavior in bird species. N2 - Das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die dem Ausbreitungsverhalten und der Wahl des Neststandorts zugrunde liegen, gibt wichtige Einsichten in Strukturen und Dynamiken von Tierpopulationen. Der Gesundheitszustand, die Produktivität und Konkurrenzfähigkeit sowie das Ausbreitungsverhalten eines Individuums können über das Alter ermittelt werden. Alters- und dichteabhängige Veränderungen in Verbreitungsmustern kommen bei vielen Vogelarten vor. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir zunächst den Effekt des Alters auf die Reproduktivität, auf die Wahl des Neststandorts sowie auf die Geburtsorttreue des Weißstorchs (Ciconia ciconia). Wir fragten, ob sowohl der Anteil der brütenden Individuen als auch die Geburtsorttreue mit dem Alter zunimmt. Weißstörche sind Zugvögel, die während der Migration zumeist segelnd die Thermik nutzen und in weiten Teilen Europas brüten. Nach einem starken Bestandsrückgang konnte in vielen Regionen Europas ab den 1970er Jahren wieder ein positiver Trend in der Populationsentwicklung beobachtet werden. Die zunehmende Populationsdichte, besonders nach 1983 in der ostziehenden Subpopulation in den fünf Bundesländern der ehemaligen DDR, erlaubte die Analyse von dichte- und altersabhängigen Präferenzen in der Richtung der Brutstandorte sowie in der Verbreitungsfrequenz und -distanz. Wir untersuchten zudem die Alters- und Dichteabhängigkeit der Ausbreitungsrichtung einer Teilpopulation. Wir fragten, ob und wie die Hauptzugrichtung im Frühjahr mit der Verbreitungsrichtung interagiert: Beeinflussen Alter und Populationsdichte die Ausbreitungsrichtung? Der Anteil der brütenden Individuen, die älter als 22 Jahre sind, nahm innerhalb der beobachteten Teilpopulation ab, vermutlich aufgrund einer altersbedingten Abnahme des Gesundheitszustands. Junge Vögel zeigten eine starke Geburtsorttreue, was auf eine genetische Komponente in den Zugmustern junger Störche hinweist. Generell trat bei jungen Störchen häufiger Ausbreitungsverhalten auf als bei älteren Störchen. Eine signifikante Zunahme der Ausbreitungsdistanz von Individuen über die Zeit lässt auf eine dichteabhängige Komponente im Ausbreitungsverhalten der Weißstörche schließen. Weiterhin wurde eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen dem Alter sich ausbreitender Individuen und dem betrachteten Jahr gefunden. Demzufolge breiteten sich alte Vögel über die Zeit über größere Distanzen aus, vermutlich um der ansteigenden Konkurrenz, bedingt durch den wachsenden Bestandsdruck, zu entgehen. KW - Weißstorch KW - Altersabhängigkeit KW - Dichteabhängigkeit KW - Ausbreitungsverhalten KW - Reproduktivität KW - White stork KW - age-dependent KW - density-dependent KW - dispersal behavior KW - breeding ability Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39052 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raatz, Larissa A1 - Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin A1 - Müller, Marina E.H. A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi-natural habitats? JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape-wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in-field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed-effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000-m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1-m and 5-m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices. KW - arable weeds KW - cereal leaf beetle KW - fungal pathogens KW - herbivory KW - structural equation model KW - wheat Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8046 SN - 1467-6435 VL - 11 SP - 13232 EP - 13246 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ET - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raatz, Larissa A1 - Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin A1 - Müller, Marina E.H. A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi-natural habitats? JF - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape-wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in-field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed-effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000-m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1-m and 5-m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1240 KW - arable weeds KW - cereal leaf beetle KW - fungal pathogens KW - herbivory KW - structural equation model KW - wheat Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549622 SN - 1866-8372 SP - 13232 EP - 13246 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bjorneras, C. A1 - Weyhenmeyer, G. A. A1 - Evans, C. D. A1 - Gessner, M. O. A1 - Großart, Hans-Peter A1 - Kangur, K. A1 - Kokorite, I. A1 - Kortelainen, P. A1 - Laudon, H. A1 - Lehtoranta, J. A1 - Lottig, N. A1 - Monteith, D. T. A1 - Noges, P. A1 - Noges, T. A1 - Oulehle, F. A1 - Riise, G. A1 - Rusak, J. A. A1 - Raike, A. A1 - Sire, J. A1 - Sterling, S. A1 - Kritzberg, E. S. T1 - Widespread Increases in Iron Concentration in European and North American Freshwaters JF - Global biogeochemical cycles N2 - Recent reports of increasing iron (Fe) concentrations in freshwaters are of concern, given the fundamental role of Fe in biogeochemical processes. Still, little is known about the frequency and geographical distribution of Fe trends or about the underlying drivers. We analyzed temporal trends of Fe concentrations across 340 water bodies distributed over 10 countries in northern Europe and North America in order to gain a clearer understanding of where, to what extent, and why Fe concentrations are on the rise. We found that Fe concentrations have significantly increased in 28% of sites, and decreased in 4%, with most positive trends located in northern Europe. Regions with rising Fe concentrations tend to coincide with those with organic carbon (OC) increases. Fe and OC increases may not be directly mechanistically linked, but may nevertheless be responding to common regional-scale drivers such as declining sulfur deposition or hydrological changes. A role of hydrological factors was supported by covarying trends in Fe and dissolved silica, as these elements tend to stem from similar soil depths. A positive relationship between Fe increases and conifer cover suggests that changing land use and expanded forestry could have contributed to enhanced Fe export, although increases were also observed in nonforested areas. We conclude that the phenomenon of increasing Fe concentrations is widespread, especially in northern Europe, with potentially significant implications for wider ecosystem biogeochemistry, and for the current browning of freshwaters. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005749 SN - 0886-6236 SN - 1944-9224 VL - 31 SP - 1488 EP - 1500 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mrochen, Daniel M. A1 - Schulz, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Stefan A1 - Jeske, Kathrin A1 - El Gohary, Heba A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Truebe, Patricia A1 - Suchomel, Josef A1 - Tricaud, Emilie A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Heroldova, Marta A1 - Bröker, Barbara M. A1 - Strommenger, Birgit A1 - Walther, Birgit A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Holtfreter, Silva T1 - Wild rodents and shrews are natural hosts of Staphylococcus aureus JF - International Journal of Medical Microbiology N2 - Laboratory mice are the most commonly used animal model for Staphylococcus aureus infection studies. We have previously shown that laboratory mice from global vendors are frequently colonized with S. aureus. Laboratory mice originate from wild house mice. Hence, we investigated whether wild rodents, including house mice, as well as shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus and whether S. aureus adapts to the wild animal host. 295 animals of ten different species were caught in different locations over four years (2012-2015) in Germany, France and the Czech Republic. 45 animals were positive for S. aureus (15.3%). Three animals were co-colonized with two different isolates, resulting in 48 S. aureus isolates in total. Positive animals were found in Germany and the Czech Republic in each studied year. The S. aureus isolates belonged to ten different spa types, which grouped into six lineages (clonal complex (CC) 49, CC88, CC130, CC1956, sequence type (ST) 890, ST3033). CC49 isolates were most abundant (17/48, 35.4%), followed by CC1956 (14/48, 29.2%) and ST890 (9/48, 18.8%). The wild animal isolates lacked certain properties that are common among human isolates, e.g., a phage-encoded immune evasion cluster, superantigen genes on mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes, which suggests long-term adaptation to the wild animal host. One CC130 isolate contained the mecC gene, implying wild rodents might be both reservoir and vector for methicillin-resistant. In conclusion, we demonstrated that wild rodents and shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus, and that those S. aureus isolates show signs of host adaptation. KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Colonization KW - Wild mice KW - Host adaptation KW - Immune evasion cluster KW - mecC Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.014 SN - 1438-4221 SN - 1618-0607 VL - 308 IS - 6 SP - 590 EP - 597 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glückler, Ramesh A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Vyse, Stuart Andrew A1 - Winkler, Bettina A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth T1 - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record JF - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union N2 - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 13 SP - 4185 EP - 4209 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Verena A1 - Klaus, Valentin Helmut A1 - Schaefer, Deborah A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Chiste, Melanie A1 - Mody, Karsten A1 - Blüthgen, Nico A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Hölzel, Norbert A1 - Kleinebecker, Till T1 - Will I stay or will I go? Plant species-specific response and tolerance to high land-use intensity in temperate grassland ecosystems JF - Journal of vegetation science KW - community composition KW - ecological strategies KW - Ellenberg indicator values KW - land-use intensity niche KW - plant functional traits KW - species-specific niche breadth KW - species-specific niche optima KW - temperate grasslands KW - vegetation dynamics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12749 SN - 1100-9233 SN - 1654-1103 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 674 EP - 686 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werger, Luise A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Heinze, Johannes T1 - Wind intensity affects fine root morphological traits with consequences for plant-soil feedback effects JF - Annals of Botany Plants N2 - Wind influences the development, architecture and morphology of plant roots and may modify subsequent interactions between plants and soil (plant–soil feedbacks—PSFs). However, information on wind effects on fine root morphology is scarce and the extent to which wind changes plant–soil interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of two wind intensity levels by manipulating surrounding vegetation height in a grassland PSF field experiment. We grew four common plant species (two grasses and two non-leguminous forbs) with soil biota either previously conditioned by these or other species and tested the effect of wind on root:shoot ratio, fine root morphological traits as well as the outcome for PSFs. Wind intensity did not affect biomass allocation (i.e. root:shoot ratio) in any species. However, fine-root morphology of all species changed under high wind intensity. High wind intensity increased specific root length and surface area and decreased root tissue density, especially in the two grasses. Similarly, the direction of PSFs changed under high wind intensity in all four species, but differences in biomass production on the different soils between high and low wind intensity were marginal and most pronounced when comparing grasses with forbs. Because soils did not differ in plant-available nor total nutrient content, the results suggest that wind-induced changes in root morphology have the potential to influence plant–soil interactions. Linking wind-induced changes in fine-root morphology to effects on PSF improves our understanding of plant–soil interactions under changing environmental conditions. KW - Wind KW - root traits KW - root morphology KW - specific root length KW - plant–soil feedback Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa050 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Werger, Luise A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Heinze, Johannes T1 - Wind intensity affects fine root morphological traits with consequences for plant-soil feedback effects T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Wind influences the development, architecture and morphology of plant roots and may modify subsequent interactions between plants and soil (plant–soil feedbacks—PSFs). However, information on wind effects on fine root morphology is scarce and the extent to which wind changes plant–soil interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of two wind intensity levels by manipulating surrounding vegetation height in a grassland PSF field experiment. We grew four common plant species (two grasses and two non-leguminous forbs) with soil biota either previously conditioned by these or other species and tested the effect of wind on root:shoot ratio, fine root morphological traits as well as the outcome for PSFs. Wind intensity did not affect biomass allocation (i.e. root:shoot ratio) in any species. However, fine-root morphology of all species changed under high wind intensity. High wind intensity increased specific root length and surface area and decreased root tissue density, especially in the two grasses. Similarly, the direction of PSFs changed under high wind intensity in all four species, but differences in biomass production on the different soils between high and low wind intensity were marginal and most pronounced when comparing grasses with forbs. Because soils did not differ in plant-available nor total nutrient content, the results suggest that wind-induced changes in root morphology have the potential to influence plant–soil interactions. Linking wind-induced changes in fine-root morphology to effects on PSF improves our understanding of plant–soil interactions under changing environmental conditions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1019 KW - Wind KW - root traits KW - root morphology KW - specific root length KW - plant–soil feedback Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-484092 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1019 ER -