TY - GEN A1 - Tabben, Montassar A1 - Ihsan, Mohammed A1 - Ghoul, Nihel A1 - Coquart, Jeremy A1 - Chaouachi, Anis A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Tourny, Claire A1 - Chamari, Karim T1 - Cold Water Immersion Enhanced Athletes’ Wellness and 10-m Short Sprint Performance 24-h After a Simulated Mixed Martial Arts Combat T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Cold Water Immersion (CWI) on the recovery of physical performance, hematological stress markers and perceived wellness (i.e., Hooper scores) following a simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) competition. Methods: Participants completed two experimental sessions in a counter-balanced order (CWI or passive recovery for control condition: CON), after a simulated MMAs competition (3 x 5-min MMA rounds separated by 1-min of passive rest). During CWI, athletes were required to submerge their bodies, except the trunk, neck and head, in the seated position in a temperature-controlled bath (similar to 10 degrees C) for 15-min. During CON, athletes were required to be in a seated position for 15-min in same room ambient temperature. Venous blood samples (creatine kinase, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations) were collected at rest (PRE-EX, i.e., before MMAs), immediately following MMAs (POST-EX), immediately following recovery (POST-R) and 24 h post MMAs (POST-24), whilst physical fitness (squat jump, countermovement-jump and 5- and 10-m sprints) and perceptual measures (well-being Hooper index: fatigue, stress, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and sleep) were collected at PRE-EX, POST-R and POST-24, and at PRE-EX and POST-24, respectively. Results: The main results indicate that POST-R sprint (5- and 10-m) performances were 'likely to very likely' (d = 0.64 and 0.65) impaired by prior CWI. However, moderate improvements were in 10-m sprint performance were 'likely' evident at POST-24 after CWI compared with CON (d = 0.53). Additionally, the use of CWI 'almost certainly' resulted in a large overall improvement in Hooper scores (d = 1.93). Specifically, CWI 'almost certainly' resulted in improved sleep quality (d = 1.36), stress (d = 1.56) and perceived fatigue (d = 1.51), and 'likely' resulted in a moderate decrease in DOMS (d = 0.60). Conclusion: The use of CWI resulted in an enhanced recovery of 10-m sprint performance, as well as improved perceived wellness 24-h following simulated MMA competition. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 707 KW - recovery KW - combat sports KW - MMA KW - delayed onset muscle soreness KW - stress KW - fatigue Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446068 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 707 ER - TY - GEN A1 - König, Johanna A1 - Block, Andrea A1 - Becker, Matthias A1 - Fenske, Kristin A1 - Hertel, Johannes A1 - Van der Auwera, Sandra A1 - Zymara, Kathleen A1 - Völzke, Henry A1 - Freyberger, Harald Jürgen A1 - Grabe, Hans Jörgen T1 - Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events BT - development and psychometrics of the Stralsund Life Event List (SEL) T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research. Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey). Results: The report of lifetime MDD was associated with more negative emotional valence ratings of negative LEs (OR = 2.96, p < 0.0001). Negative LEs (b = 0.071, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.25) and more negative emotional valence ratings of positive LEs (b = 3.74, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.11) were positively associated with childhood trauma. In contrast, more positive emotional valence ratings of positive LEs were associated with higher resilience (b = -7.05, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.13), and a lower present impact of past negative LEs was associated with better subjective health (b = 2.79, p = 0.001, beta = 0.05). The internal consistency of the generated scores varied considerably, but the mean value was acceptable (averaged Cronbach's alpha > 0.75). Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 704 KW - positive life events KW - negative life events KW - general population KW - emotional valence KW - depressive disorder Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459856 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 704 ER - TY - GEN A1 - van der Kant, Anne A1 - Biro, Szilvia A1 - Levelt, Claartje A1 - Huijbregts, Stephan T1 - Negative affect is related to reduced differential neural responses to social and non-social stimuli in 5-to-8-month-old infants BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Both social perception and temperament in young infants have been related to social functioning later in life. Previous functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data (Lloyd-Fox et al., 2009) showed larger blood-oxygenation changes for social compared to non-social stimuli in the posterior temporal cortex of five-month-old infants. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by using fNIRS to study the neural basis of social perception in relation to infant temperament (Negative Affect) in 37 five-to-eight-month-old infants. Infants watched short videos displaying either hand and facial movements of female actors (social dynamic condition) or moving toys and machinery (non-social dynamic condition), while fNIRS data were collected over temporal brain regions. Negative Affect was measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Results showed significantly larger blood-oxygenation changes in the right posterior-temporal region in the social compared to the non-social condition. Furthermore, this differential activation was smaller in infants showing higher Negative Affect. Our results replicate those of Lloyd-Fox et al. and confirmed that five-to-eight-month-old infants show cortical specialization for social perception. Furthermore, the decreased cortical sensitivity to social stimuli in infants showing high Negative Affect may be an early biomarker for later difficulties in social interaction. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 643 KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy KW - fNIRS KW - social perception KW - infants KW - temperament KW - negative affect Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468136 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 643 SP - 23 EP - 30 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krasotkina, Anna A1 - Götz, Antonia A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Schwarzer, Gudrun T1 - Perceptual narrowing in speech and face recognition BT - evidence for intra-individual cross-domain relations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - During the first year of life, infants undergo perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. This is typically characterized by improvements in infants' abilities in discriminating among stimuli of familiar types, such as native speech tones and same-race faces. Simultaneously, infants begin to decline in their ability to discriminate among stimuli of types with which they have little experience, such as nonnative tones and other-race faces. The similarity in time-frames during which perceptual narrowing seems to occur in the domains of speech and face perception has led some researchers to hypothesize that the perceptual narrowing in these domains could be driven by shared domain-general processes. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 53 Caucasian 9-month-old infants from monolingual German households on their ability to discriminate among non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well among same-race German faces and other-race Chinese faces. We tested the infants using an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm, with infants' preferences for looking at novel stimuli versus the habituated stimuli (dishabituation scores) acting as indicators of discrimination ability. As expected for their age, infants were able to discriminate between same-race faces, but not between other-race faces or non-native speech tones. Most interestingly, we found that infants' dishabituation scores for the non-native speech tones and other-race faces showed significant positive correlations, while the dishabituation scores for non-native speech tones and same-race faces did not. These results therefore support the hypothesis that shared domain-general mechanisms may drive perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 639 KW - perceptual narrowing KW - perceptual reorganization KW - other-race effect KW - face perception KW - speech perception KW - habituation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459180 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 639 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Bär, Karl-Jürgen A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Elite young athletes have to cope with multiple psychological demands such as training volume, mental and physical fatigue, spatial separation of family and friends or time management problems may lead to reduced mental and physical recovery. While normative data regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression for the general population is available (Hinz and Brahler, 2011), hardly any information exists for adolescents in general and young athletes in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess overall symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes as well as possible sex differences. The survey was carried out within the scope of the study "Resistance Training in Young Athletes" (KINGS-Study). Between August 2015 and September 2016, 326 young athletes aged (mean +/- SD) 14.3 +/- 1.6 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows: late childhood (12-14 years) and late adolescence (15-18 years). The participating young athletes were recruited from Olympic weight lifting, handball, judo, track and field athletics, boxing, soccer, gymnastics, ice speed skating, volleyball, and rowing. Anxiety and depression scores were (mean +/- SD) 4.3 +/- 3.0 and 2.8 +/- 2.9, respectively. In the subscale anxiety, 22 cases (6.7%) showed subclinical scores and 11 cases (3.4%) showed clinical relevant score values. When analyzing the depression subscale, 31 cases (9.5%) showed subclinical score values and 12 cases (3.7%) showed clinically important values. No significant differences were found between male and female athletes (p >= 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the HADS scores were found between male athletes of late childhood and late adolescents (p >= 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing questionnaire based indicators of symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes. Our data implies the need for sports medical as well as sports psychiatric support for young athletes. In addition, our results demonstrated that the chronological classification concerning age did not influence HAD Scale outcomes. Future research should focus on sports medical and sports psychiatric interventional approaches with the goal to prevent anxiety and depression as well as teaching coping strategies to young athletes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 638 KW - youth athletes KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - gender differences KW - late childhood KW - adolescents Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445602 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 638 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lopukhina, Anastasiya A1 - Laurinavichyute, Anna A1 - Lopukhin, Konstantin A1 - Dragoy, Olga V. T1 - The mental representation of polysemy across word classes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Experimental studies on polysemy have come to contradictory conclusions on whether words with multiple senses are stored as separate or shared mental representations. The present study examined the semantic relatedness and semantic similarity of literal and non-literal (metonymic and metaphorical) senses of three word classes: nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Two methods were used: a psycholinguistic experiment and a distributional analysis of corpus data. In the experiment, participants were presented with 6-12 short phrases containing a polysemous word in literal, metonymic, or metaphorical senses and were asked to classify them so that phrases with the same perceived sense were grouped together. To investigate the impact of professional background on their decisions, participants were controlled for linguistic vs. non-linguistic education. For nouns and verbs, all participants preferred to group together phrases with literal and metonymic senses, but not any other pairs of senses. For adjectives, two pairs of senses were often grouped together: literal with metonymic, and metonymic with metaphorical. Participants with a linguistic background were more accurate than participants with non-linguistic backgrounds, although both groups shared principal patterns of sense classification. For the distributional analysis of corpus data, we used a semantic vector approach to quantify the similarity of phrases with literal, metonymic, and metaphorical senses in the corpora. We found that phrases with literal and metonymic senses had the highest degree of similarity for the three word classes, and that metonymic and metaphorical senses of adjectives had the highest degree of similarity among all word classes. These findings are in line with the experimental results. Overall, the results suggest that the mental representation of a polysemous word depends on its word class. In nouns and verbs, literal and metonymic senses are stored together, while metaphorical senses are stored separately; in adjectives, metonymic senses significantly overlap with both literal and metaphorical senses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 637 KW - polysemy KW - lexical representation KW - metaphor KW - metonymy KW - semantic vectors KW - word classes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445637 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 637 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schachner, Maja Katharina A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - van de Vijver, Fons J. R. T1 - Schools as acculturative and developmental contexts for youth of immigrant and refugee background T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Schools are important for the academic and socio-emotional development, as well as acculturation of immigrant-and refugee-background youth. We highlight individual differences which shape their unique experiences, while considering three levels of the school context in terms of how they may affect adaptation outcomes: (1) interindividual interactions in the classroom (such as peer relations, student-teacher relations, teacher beliefs, and teaching practices), (2) characteristics of the classroom or school (such as ethnic composition and diversity climate), and (3) relevant school-and nation-level policies (such as diversity policies and school tracking). Given the complexity of the topic, there is a need for more research taking an integrated and interdisciplinary perspective to address migration related issues in the school context. Teacher beliefs and the normative climate in schools seem particularly promising points for intervention, which may be easier to change than structural aspects of the school context. More inclusive schools are also an important step toward more peaceful interethnic relations in diverse societies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 611 KW - youth of immigrant and refugee background KW - school KW - acculturation KW - adaptation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434082 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 611 SP - 44 EP - 56 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoferichter, Frances A1 - Laetsch, Alexander A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Raufelder, Diana T1 - The big-fish-little-pond effect on the four facets of academic self-concept T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The social context plays a decisive role in the formation of the academic self-concept (ASC) and has been widely studied as the big-fish-little-pond-effect (BFLPE). This effect describes that comparable talented students in high-achieving school settings have a lower ASC compared to equally talented students attending low-achieving settings. Past research has focused on students' domain-specific ASC, while little is known about the relation of achievement-related classroom compositions and the various facets of ASC. Additionally, BFLPE-research has been critiqued to build its theoretical frame on social comparison theory, without providing sufficient empirical support. To address this gap, we analyzed how the single student's social, criterial, absolute, and individual ASC relate to class-level achievement of 8th graders. Applying Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MLSEM) we found that all facets of ASC were significantly related to average-class achievement, while student's social ASC revealed the strongest associated. The results reveal explicitly that average-class achievement is strongly related to social comparison processes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 554 KW - big-fish-little-pond-effect KW - social KW - criterial KW - absolute KW - individual academic self-concept (SESSKO) KW - high-ability tracked students Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426501 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 554 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Paulmann, Silke A1 - Budd, Mary-Jane A1 - Barry, Christopher T1 - Morphological encoding beyond slots and fillers BT - an ERP study of comparative formation in English T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - One important organizational property of morphology is competition. Different means of expression are in conflict with each other for encoding the same grammatical function. In the current study, we examined the nature of this control mechanism by testing the formation of comparative adjectives in English during language production. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during cued silent production, the first study of this kind for comparative adjective formation. We specifically examined the ERP correlates of producing synthetic relative to analytic comparatives, e.g. angriervs. more angry. A frontal, bilaterally distributed, enhanced negative-going waveform for analytic comparatives (vis-a-vis synthetic ones) emerged approximately 300ms after the (silent) production cue. We argue that this ERP effect reflects a control mechanism that constrains grammatically-based computational processes (viz. more comparative formation). We also address the possibility that this particular ERP effect may belong to a family of previously observed negativities reflecting cognitive control monitoring, rather than morphological encoding processes per se. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 550 KW - event-related potentials KW - brain potentials KW - language production KW - word production KW - past-tense KW - electrophysiological evidence KW - cognitive control KW - single word KW - time-course KW - adjectives Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426481 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 550 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Baumbach, Philipp A1 - Wöhrl, Toni A1 - May, Rico A1 - Kellmann, Michael A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Standardized assessment of resistance training BT - Induced subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses in young athletes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - From a health and performance-related perspective, it is crucial to evaluate subjective symptoms and objective signs of acute training-induced immunological responses in young athletes. The limited number of available studies focused on immunological adaptations following aerobic training. Hardly any studies have been conducted on resistance-training induced stress responses. Therefore, the aim of this observational study was to investigate subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses following resistance training in young athletes. Fourteen (7 females and 7 males) track and field athletes with a mean age of 16.4 years and without any symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infections participated in this study. Over a period of 7 days, subjective symptoms using the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) and objective signs of immunological responses using capillary blood markers were taken each morning and after the last training session. Differences between morning and evening sessions and associations between subjective and objective parameters were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). In post hoc analyses, daily change-scores of the ARSS dimensions were compared between participants and revealed specific changes in objective capillary blood samples. In the GEE models, recovery (ARSS) was characterized by a significant decrease while stress (ARSS) showed a significant increase between morning and evening-training sessions. A concomitant increase in white blood cell count (WBC), granulocytes (GRAN) and percentage shares of granulocytes (GRAN%) was found between morning and evening sessions. Of note, percentage shares of lymphocytes (LYM%) showed a significant decrease. Furthermore, using multivariate regression analyses, we identified that recovery was significantly associated with LYM%, while stress was significantly associated with WBC and GRAN%. Post hoc analyses revealed significantly larger increases in participants’ stress dimensions who showed increases in GRAN%. For recovery, significantly larger decreases were found in participants with decreases in LYM% during recovery. More specifically, daily change-scores of the recovery and stress dimensions of the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objective immunological markers (GRAN%, LYM%) between morning and evening-training sessions. Our results indicate that changes of subjective symptoms of recovery and stress dimensions using the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objectively measured immunological markers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 542 KW - immune system KW - strength training KW - track and field KW - youth KW - Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426289 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 542 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Ay, Destina Sevde Ay A1 - Otterbeck, Mara Jasmin A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Standardized Patients in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy BT - a Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators for Implementation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam: Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objectives: The use of simulated and standardized patients (SP) is widely accepted in the medical field and, from there, is beginning to disseminate into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was therefore to systematically review barriers and facilitators that should be considered in the implementation of SP interventions specific to clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Methods: Following current guidelines, a scoping review was conducted. The literature search focused on the MEDLINE,PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, including Dissertation Abstracts International. After screening for titles and abstracts,full texts were screened independently and in duplicate according to our inclusion criteria. For data extraction, a pre-defined form was piloted and used. Units of meaning with respect to barriers and facilitators were extracted and categorized inductively using content-analysis techniques. From the results, a matrix of interconnections and a network graph were compiled. Results: The 41 included publications were mainly in the fields of psychiatry and mental health nursing, as well as in training and education. The detailed category system contrasts four supercategories, i.e., which organizational and economic aspects to consider, which persons to include as eligible SPs, how to develop adequate scenarios, and how to authentically and consistently portray mental health patients.Conclusions: Publications focused especially on the interrelation between authenticity and consistency of portrayals, on how to evoke empathy in learners, and on economic and training aspects. A variety of recommendations for implementing SP programs,from planning to training, monitoring, and debriefing, is provided, for example, ethical screening of and ongoing support for SPs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 541 KW - Standardized patients KW - Simulated patients KW - Systematic review KW - Psychotherapy research Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426965 IS - 541 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sadowska, Aleksandra A1 - Hausmann, Oliver Nic A1 - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin T1 - Inflammaging in the intervertebral disc T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Degeneration of the intervertebral disc – triggered by ageing, mechanical stress, traumatic injury, infection, inflammation and other factors – has a significant role in the development of low back pain. Back pain not only has a high prevalence, but also a major socio-economic impact. With the ageing population, its occurrence and costs are expected to grow even more in the future. Disc degeneration is characterized by matrix breakdown, loss in proteoglycans and thus water content, disc height loss and an increase in inflammatory molecules. The accumulation of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 , IL-8 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, together with age-related immune deficiency, leads to the so-called inflammaging – low-grade, chronic inflammation with a crucial role in pain development. Despite the relevance of these molecular processes, current therapies target symptoms, but not underlying causes. This review describes the biological and biomechanical changes that occur in a degenerated disc, discusses the connection between disc degeneration and inflammaging, highlights factors that enhance the inflammatory processes in disc pathologies and suggests future research avenues. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 519 KW - Intervertebral disc KW - chronic inflammation KW - inflammaging KW - senescence KW - mechanical loading KW - matrix fragmentation KW - obesity KW - Propionibacterium acnes Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414081 IS - 519 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Marusch, Tina A1 - Jäger, Lena Ann A1 - Neiß, Leander A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey T1 - Overt language production of German past participles BT - investigating (ir-)regularity T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report two experiments and Bayesian modelling of the data collected. In both experiments, participants performed a long-lag primed picture naming task. Black-and-white line drawings were used as targets, which were overtly named by the participants. Their naming latencies were measured. In both experiments, primes consisted of past participle verbs (er tanzt/er hat getanzt “he dances/he has danced”) and the relationship between primes and targets was either morphological or unrelated. Experiment 1 additionally had phonologically and semantically related prime-target pairs as well as present tense primes. Both in Experiment 1 and 2, participants showed significantly faster naming latencies for morphologically related targets relative to the unrelated verb primes. In Experiment 1, no priming effects were observed in phonologically and semantically related control conditions. In addition, the production latencies were not influenced by verb type. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 492 KW - overt language production KW - long-lag priming KW - regularity KW - Bayesian analysis KW - German past participles Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420621 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 492 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog BT - use of word order and morphosyntactic markers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech, which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7-year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children's accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 491 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420598 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 491 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Lesser, Hannah A1 - Petri, Franziska A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Do mental health patients learn what their cognitive-behaviour therapists think they do? BT - a short report on qualitative interviews comparing perspectives T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose: The acquisition of skills is essential to the conceptualization of cognitive-behavioural therapy. Yet, what experiences are encountered and what skills actually learned during therapy, and whether patients and therapists have concurrent views hereof, remains poorly understood. Method: An explorative pilot study with semi-structured, corresponding interview guides was conducted. Pilot data from our outpatient unit were transcribed and content-analyzed following current guidelines. Results: The responses of 18 participants (patients and their psychotherapists) were assigned to six main categories. Educational and cognitive aspects were mentioned most frequently and consistently by both groups. Having learned Behavioural alternatives attained the second highest agreement between perspectives. Conclusions: Patients and therapists valued CBT as an opportunity to learn new skills, which is an important prerequisite also for the maintenance of therapeutic change. We discuss limitations to generalizability but also theoretical and therapy implications. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 490 KW - cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) KW - psychotherapy KW - interview study KW - learning KW - skills Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420607 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 490 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Werner, Karsten A1 - Raab, Markus A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Moving arms BT - the effects of sensorimotor information on the problem-solving process T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Embodied cognition postulates a bi-directional link between the human body and its cognitive functions. Whether this holds for higher cognitive functions such as problem solving is unknown. We predicted that arm movement manipulations performed by the participants could affect the problem-solving solutions. We tested this prediction in quantitative reasoning tasks that allowed two solutions to each problem (addition or subtraction). In two studies with healthy adults (N=53 and N=50), we found an effect of problem-congruent movements on problem solutions. Consistent with embodied cognition, sensorimotor information gained via right or left arm movements affects the solution in different types of problem-solving tasks. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 488 KW - embodied cognition KW - eye movements KW - problem solving Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420579 UR - urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420579 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 488 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zitzmann, Jana A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Psychometric properties of figure rating scales in children BT - the impact of figure ordering T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study examined psychometric properties of figure rating scales, particularly the effects of ascending silhouette ordering, in 153 children, 9 to 13 years old. Two versions of Collins’s (1991) figural rating scale were presented: the original scale (figures arranged ascendingly) and a modified version (randomized figure ordering. Ratings of current and ideal figure were elicited and body dissatisfaction was calculated. All children were randomly assigned to one of two subgroups and completed both scale versions in a different sequence. There were no significant differences in figure selection and body dissatisfaction between the two figure orderings. Regarding the selection of the current figure, results showed that girls are more affected by the silhouette ordering than boys. Our results suggest that figure rating scales are both valid and reliable, whereby correlation coefficients reveal greater stability for ideal figure selections and body dissatisfaction ratings when using the scale with ascending figure ordering. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 487 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416871 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 487 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Maffiuletti, Nicola A. A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Postactivation Potentiation of the Plantar Flexors Does Not Directly Translate to Jump Performance in Female Elite Young Soccer Players T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects muscle mass, altering independent activities of people living with HIV (PLWH). Resistance training alone (RT) or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is linked to improved muscle mass and strength maintenance in PLWH. These exercise benefits have been the focus of different meta-analyses, although only a limited number of studies have been identified up to the year 2013/4. An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the effect of RT alone or combined with AE on strength parameters and hormones is of high value, since more and recent studies dealing with these types of exercise in PLWH have been published. Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of RT alone, AE alone or the combination of both (AERT) on PLWH was performed through five web-databases up to December 2017. Risk of bias and study quality was attained using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline to post-intervention changes was calculated. The I2 statistics for heterogeneity was calculated. Results: Thirteen studies reported strength outcomes. Eight studies presented a low risk of bias. The overall change in upper body strength was 19.3 Kg (95% CI: 9.8±28.8, p< 0.001) after AERT and 17.5 Kg (95% CI: 16±19.1, p< 0.001) for RT. Lower body change was 29.4 Kg (95% CI: 18.1±40.8, p< 0.001) after RT and 10.2 Kg (95% CI: 6.7±13.8, p< 0.001) for AERT. Changes were higher after controlling for the risk of bias in upper and lower body strength and for supervised exercise in lower body strength. A significant change towards lower levels of IL-6 was found (-2.4 ng/dl (95% CI: -2.6, -2.1, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Both resistance training alone and combined with aerobic exercise showed a positive change when studies with low risk of bias and professional supervision were analyzed, improving upper and, more critically, lower body muscle strength. Also, this study found that exercise had a lowering effect on IL-6 levels in PLWH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 483 KW - sensorimotor training KW - conditioning activity KW - twitch torque KW - power KW - soccer Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420558 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 483 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Schuch, Felipe A1 - Wolfarth, Bernd A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heiβel, Andreas T1 - Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise alone or combined on strength and hormone outcomes for people living with HIV BT - A meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects muscle mass, altering independent activities of people living with HIV (PLWH). Resistance training alone (RT) or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is linked to improved muscle mass and strength maintenance in PLWH. These exercise benefits have been the focus of different meta-analyses, although only a limited number of studies have been identified up to the year 2013/4. An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the effect of RT alone or combined with AE on strength parameters and hormones is of high value, since more and recent studies dealing with these types of exercise in PLWH have been published. Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of RT alone, AE alone or the combination of both (AERT) on PLWH was performed through five web-databases up to December 2017. Risk of bias and study quality was attained using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline to post-intervention changes was calculated. The I2 statistics for heterogeneity was calculated. Results: Thirteen studies reported strength outcomes. Eight studies presented a low risk of bias. The overall change in upper body strength was 19.3 Kg (95% CI: 9.8±28.8, p< 0.001) after AERT and 17.5 Kg (95% CI: 16±19.1, p< 0.001) for RT. Lower body change was 29.4 Kg (95% CI: 18.1±40.8, p< 0.001) after RT and 10.2 Kg (95% CI: 6.7±13.8, p< 0.001) for AERT. Changes were higher after controlling for the risk of bias in upper and lower body strength and for supervised exercise in lower body strength. A significant change towards lower levels of IL-6 was found (-2.4 ng/dl (95% CI: -2.6, -2.1, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Both resistance training alone and combined with aerobic exercise showed a positive change when studies with low risk of bias and professional supervision were analyzed, improving upper and, more critically, lower body muscle strength. Also, this study found that exercise had a lowering effect on IL-6 levels in PLWH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 476 KW - Human-immunodeficiency-virus KW - Quality-of-life KW - Randomized controlled-trails KW - Infected patients KW - Muscle strength KW - Body-composition KW - Nandrolone decanoate KW - Cardiovascular risk KW - Style modification KW - Metabolic syndrome Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419556 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 476 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mugele, Hendrik A1 - Plummer, Ashley A1 - Baritello, Omar A1 - Towe, Maggie A1 - Brecht, Pia A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Accuracy of training recommendations based on a treadmill multistage incremental exercise test T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Competitive runners will occasionally undergo exercise in a laboratory setting to obtain predictive and prescriptive information regarding their performance. The present research aimed to assess whether the physiological demands of lab-based treadmill running (TM) can simulate that of over-ground (OG) running using a commonly used protocol. Fifteen healthy volunteers with a weekly mileage of ≥ 20 km over the past 6 months and treadmill experience participated in this cross-sectional study. Two stepwise incremental tests until volitional exhaustion was performed in a fixed order within one week in an Outpatient Clinic research laboratory and outdoor athletic track. Running velocity (IATspeed), heart rate (IATHR) and lactate concentration at the individual anaerobic threshold (IATbLa) were primary endpoints. Additionally, distance covered (DIST), maximal heart rate (HRmax), maximal blood lactate concentration (bLamax) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at IATspeed were analyzed. IATspeed, DIST and HRmax were not statistically significantly different between conditions, whereas bLamax and RPE at IATspeed showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Apart from RPE at IATspeed, IATspeed, DIST, HRmax and bLamax strongly correlate between conditions (r = 0.815–0.988). High reliability between conditions provides strong evidence to suggest that running on a treadmill are physiologically comparable to that of OG and that training recommendations and be made with assurance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 477 KW - individual anaerobic threshold KW - lactate threshold KW - soccer players KW - performance KW - validity KW - reliability KW - runners Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419697 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 477 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Reproducibility of Static and Dynamic Postural Control Measurement in Adolescent Athletes with Back Pain T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Static (one-legged stance) and dynamic (star excursion balance) postural control tests were performed by 14 adolescent athletes with and 17 without back pain to determine reproducibility. The total displacement, mediolateral and anterior-posterior displacements of the centre of pressure in mm for the static, and the normalized and composite reach distances for the dynamic tests were analysed. Intraclass correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, and a Bland-Altman analysis were calculated for reproducibility. Intraclass correlation coefficients for subjects with (0.54 to 0.65), (0.61 to 0.69) and without (0.45 to 0.49), (0.52 to 0.60) back pain were obtained on the static test for right and left legs, respectively. Likewise, (0.79 to 0.88), (0.75 to 0.93) for subjects with and (0.61 to 0.82), (0.60 to 0.85) for those without back pain were obtained on the dynamic test for the right and left legs, respectively. Systematic bias was not observed between test and retest of subjects on both static and dynamic tests. The one-legged stance and star excursion balance tests have fair to excellent reliabilities on measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. They can be used as measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 470 KW - Excursion Balance Test KW - Female Collegiate Soccer KW - Test-Retest Reliability KW - Lower-Extremity Injury KW - Lumbar Spine KW - Performance KW - Basketball KW - Children KW - Prevalence KW - Stability Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417526 IS - 470 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vietze, Jana A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schachner, Maja Katharina A1 - Werneck, Harald T1 - Feeling Half-Half? BT - Exploring relational variation of Turkish-heritage young adults’ cultural identity compatibility and conflict in Austria T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Growing up in multicultural environments, Turkish-heritage individuals in Europe face specific challenges in combining their multiple cultural iden- tities to form a coherent sense of self. Drawing from social identity com- plexity, this study explores four modes of combining cultural identities and their variation in relational contexts. Problem-centered interviews with Turkish-heritage young adults in Austria revealed the preference for com- plex, supranational labels, such as multicultural. Furthermore, most partici- pants described varying modes of combining cultural identities over time and across relational contexts. Social exclusion experiences throughout adolescence related to perceived conflict of cultural identities, whereas multicultural peer groups supported perceived compatibility of cultural identities. Findings emphasize the need for complex, multidimensional approaches to study ethnic minorities’ combination of cultural identities. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 455 KW - Cultural identity compatibility KW - multicultural KW - relational identity KW - social identity complexity KW - Turkish minority Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412742 IS - 455 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Burmester, Juliane A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Spalek, Katharina A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Sensitivity to salience BT - linguistic vs. visual cues affect sentence processing and pronoun resolution T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Sentence comprehension is optimised by indicating entities as salient through linguistic (i.e., information-structural) or visual means. We compare how salience of a depicted referent due to a linguistic (i.e., topic status) or visual cue (i.e., a virtual person’s gaze shift) modulates sentence comprehension in German. We investigated processing of sentences with varying word order and pronoun resolution by means of self-paced reading and an antecedent choice task, respectively. Our results show that linguistic as well as visual salience cues immediately speeded up reading times of sentences mentioning the salient referent first. In contrast, for pronoun resolution, linguistic and visual cues modulated antecedent choice preferences less congruently. In sum, our findings speak in favour of a significant impact of linguistic and visual salience cues on sentence comprehension, substantiating that salient information delivered via language as well as the visual environment is integrated in the current mental representation of the discourse. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 454 KW - topic status KW - eye gaze KW - visual context KW - reading times KW - antecedent choice Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412838 IS - 454 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paape, Dario L. J. F. A1 - Hemforth, Barbara A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Processing of ellipsis with garden-path antecedents in French and German BT - Evidence from eye tracking T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In a self-paced reading study on German sluicing, Paape (Paape, 2016) found that reading times were shorter at the ellipsis site when the antecedent was a temporarily ambiguous garden-path structure. As a post-hoc explanation of this finding, Paape assumed that the antecedent’s memory representation was reactivated during syntactic reanalysis, making it easier to retrieve. In two eye tracking experiments, we subjected the reactivation hypothesis to further empirical scrutiny. Experiment 1, carried out in French, showed no evidence in favor in the reactivation hypothesis. Instead, results for one out of the three types of garden-path sentences that were tested suggest that subjects sometimes failed to resolve the temporary ambiguity in the antecedent clause, and subsequently failed to resolve the ellipsis. The results of Experiment 2, a conceptual replication of Paape’s (Paape, 2016) original study carried out in German, are compatible with the reactivation hypothesis, but leave open the possibility that the observed speedup for ambiguous antecedents may be due to occasional retrievals of an incorrect structure. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 452 KW - verb-phrase ellipsis KW - lingering misinterpretation KW - sentence comprehension KW - memory KW - ambiguities KW - activation KW - hypothesis KW - discourse KW - clauses Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414062 IS - 452 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbach, Tina A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - When proactivity produces a power struggle BT - how supervisors’ power motivation affects their support for employees’ promotive voice T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Previous research informs us about facilitators of employees’ promotive voice. Yet little is known about what determines whether a specific idea for constructive change brought up by an employee will be approved or rejected by a supervisor. Drawing on interactionist theories of motivation and personality, we propose that a supervisor will be least likely to support an idea when it threatens the supervisor’s power motive, and when it is perceived to serve the employee’s own striving for power. The prosocial versus egoistic intentions attributed to the idea presenter are proposed to mediate the latter effect. We conducted three scenario-based studies in which supervisors evaluated fictitious ideas voiced by employees that – if implemented – would have power-related consequences for them as a supervisor. Results show that the higher a supervisors’ explicit power motive was, the less likely they were to support a power-threatening idea (Study 1, N = 60). Moreover, idea support was less likely when this idea was proposed by an employee that was described as high (rather than low) on power motivation (Study 2, N = 79); attributed prosocial intentions mediated this effect. Study 3 (N = 260) replicates these results. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 447 KW - promotive voice KW - idea support KW - power motive KW - supervisor support KW - proactivity Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412968 IS - 447 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Why Numbers Are Embodied Concepts T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 440 KW - arithmetic KW - numerical cognition KW - number concepts KW - embodied cognition KW - philosophy of science Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412097 IS - 440 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kümmel, Jakob A1 - Bergmann, Julian A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Kramer, Andreas A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gruber, Markus T1 - Effects of conditioning hops on drop jump and sprint performance BT - a randomized crossover pilot study in elite athletes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: It has previously been shown that conditioning activities consisting of repetitive hops have the potential to induce better drop jump (DJ) performance in recreationally active individuals. In the present pilot study, we investigated whether repetitive conditioning hops can also increase reactive jump and sprint performance in sprint-trained elite athletes competing at an international level. Methods: Jump and sprint performances of 5 athletes were randomly assessed under 2 conditions. The control condition (CON) comprised 8 DJs and 4 trials of 30-m sprints. The intervention condition (HOP) consisted of 10 maximal repetitive two-legged hops that were conducted 10 s prior to each single DJ and sprint trial. DJ performance was analyzed using a one-dimensional ground reaction force plate. Step length (SL), contact time (CT), and sprint time (ST) during the 30-m sprints were recorded using an opto-electronic measurement system. Results: Following the conditioning activity, DJ height and external DJ peak power were both significantly increased by 11 % compared to the control condition. All other variables did not show any significant differences between HOP and CON. Conclusions: In the present pilot study, we were able to demonstrate large improvements in DJ performance even in sprint-trained elite athletes following a conditioning activity consisting of maximal two-legged repetitive hops. This strengthens the hypothesis that plyometric conditioning exercises can induce performance enhancements in elite athletes that are even greater than those observed in recreationally active athletes.. In addition, it appears that the transfer of these effects to other stretch-shortening cycle activities is limited, as we did not observe any changes in sprint performance following the plyometric conditioning activity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 439 KW - post-activation potentiation KW - performance gains KW - reactive movement KW - plyometric exercise Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407236 IS - 439 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Wiebking, Christine T1 - Stress and Alterations in the Pain Matrix BT - A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Back Pain and Its Prevention and Treatment T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The genesis of chronic pain is explained by a biopsychosocial model. It hypothesizes an interdependency between environmental and genetic factors provoking aberrant long-term changes in biological and psychological regulatory systems. Physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors may play a crucial role in these maladaptive processes. Specifically, long-term demands on the stress response system may moderate central pain processing and influence descending serotonergic and noradrenergic signals from the brainstem, regulating nociceptive processing at the spinal level. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathophysiological interplay still remain unclear. This paper aims to shed light on possible pathways between physical (exercise) and psychological stress and the potential neurobiological consequences in the genesis and treatment of chronic pain, highlighting evolving concepts and promising research directions in the treatment of chronic pain. Two treatment forms (exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplary therapies), their interaction, and the dose-response will be discussed in more detail, which might pave the way to a better understanding of alterations in the pain matrix and help to develop future prevention and therapeutic concepts T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 438 KW - stress KW - allostatic load KW - relaxation KW - back pain KW - chronic pain KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - neuroplasticity KW - pain matrix Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412058 IS - 438 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fliesser, Michael A1 - De Witt Huberts, Jessie A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - Education, job position, income or multidimensional indices? BT - Associations between different socioeconomic status indicators and chronic low back pain in a German sample: a longitudinal field study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: To investigate associations between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators (education, job position, income, multidimensional index) and the genesis of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Design: Longitudinal field study (baseline and 6-month follow-up). Setting: Four medical clinics across Germany. Participants: 352 people were included according to the following criteria: (1) between 18 and 65 years of age, (2) intermittent pain and (3) an understanding of the study and the ability to answer a questionnaire without help. Exclusion criteria were: (1) pregnancy, (2) inability to stand upright, (3) inability to give sick leave information, (4) signs of serious spinal pathology, (5) acute pain in the past 7 days or (6) an incomplete SES indicators questionnaire. Outcome measures: Subjective intensity and disability of CLBP. Results Analysis: showed that job position was the best single predictor of CLBP intensity, followed by a multidimensional index. Education and income had no significant association with intensity. Subjective disability was best predicted by job position, succeeded by the multidimensional index and education, while income again had no significant association. Conclusion: The results showed that SES indicators have different strong associations with the genesis of CLBP and should therefore not be used interchangeably. Job position was found to be the single most important indicator. These results could be helpful in the planning of back pain care programmes, but in general, more research on the relationship between SES and health outcomes is needed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 437 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411970 IS - 437 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Capranica, Laura A1 - Franchini, Emerson A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Hbacha, Hamdi A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Tests for the Assessment of Sport-Specific Performance in Olympic Combat Sports BT - A Systematic Review With Practical Recommendations T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The regular monitoring of physical fitness and sport-specific performance is important in elite sports to increase the likelihood of success in competition. This study aimed to systematically review and to critically appraise the methodological quality, validation data, and feasibility of the sport-specific performance assessment in Olympic combat sports like amateur boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google-Scholar, and Science-Direct up to October 2017. Studies in combat sports were included that reported validation data (e.g., reliability, validity, sensitivity) of sport-specific tests. Overall, 39 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies (74%) contained sample sizes <30 subjects. Nearly, 1/3 of the reviewed studies lacked a sufficient description (e.g., anthropometrics, age, expertise level) of the included participants. Seventy-two percent of studies did not sufficiently report inclusion/exclusion criteria of their participants. In 62% of the included studies, the description and/or inclusion of a familiarization session (s) was either incomplete or not existent. Sixty-percent of studies did not report any details about the stability of testing conditions. Approximately half of the studies examined reliability measures of the included sport-specific tests (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.43–1.00). Content validity was addressed in all included studies, criterion validity (only the concurrent aspect of it) in approximately half of the studies with correlation coefficients ranging from r = −0.41 to 0.90. Construct validity was reported in 31% of the included studies and predictive validity in only one. Test sensitivity was addressed in 13% of the included studies. The majority of studies (64%) ignored and/or provided incomplete information on test feasibility and methodological limitations of the sport-specific test. In 28% of the included studies, insufficient information or a complete lack of information was provided in the respective field of the test application. Several methodological gaps exist in studies that used sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports. Additional research should adopt more rigorous validation procedures in the application and description of sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 436 KW - martial arts KW - validity KW - sensitivity KW - methodological quality KW - specific assessment Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411959 IS - 436 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Götz, Antonia A1 - Yeung, H. Henny A1 - Krasotkina, Anna A1 - Schwarzer, Gudrun A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Perceptual Reorganization of Lexical Tones BT - Effects of Age and Experimental Procedure T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Findings on the perceptual reorganization of lexical tones are mixed. Some studies report good tone discrimination abilities for all tested age groups, others report decreased or enhanced discrimination with increasing age, and still others report U-shaped developmental curves. Since prior studies have used a wide range of contrasts and experimental procedures, it is unclear how specific task requirements interact with discrimination abilities at different ages. In the present work, we tested German and Cantonese adults on their discrimination of Cantonese lexical tones, as well as German-learning infants between 6 and 18 months of age on their discrimination of two specific Cantonese tones using two different types of experimental procedures. The adult experiment showed that German native speakers can discriminate between lexical tones, but native Cantonese speakers show significantly better performance. The results from German-learning infants suggest that 6- and 18-month-olds discriminate tones, while 9-month-olds do not, supporting a U-shaped developmental curve. Furthermore, our results revealed an effect of methodology, with good discrimination performance at 6 months after habituation but not after familiarization. These results support three main conclusions. First, habituation can be a more sensitive procedure for measuring infants' discrimination than familiarization. Second, the previous finding of a U-shaped curve in the discrimination of lexical tones is further supported. Third, discrimination abilities at 18 months appear to reflect mature perceptual sensitivity to lexical tones, since German adults also discriminated the lexical tones with high accuracy. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 433 KW - perceptual reorganization KW - lexical tones KW - U-shaped curve KW - habituation KW - familiarization Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411759 IS - 433 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kiss, Rainer A1 - Lüder, Benjamin T1 - Single- and Dual-Task Balance Training Are Equally Effective in Youth T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Due to maturation of the postural control system and secular declines in motor performance, adolescents experience deficits in postural control during standing and walking while concurrently performing cognitive interference tasks. Thus, adequately designed balance training programs may help to counteract these deficits. While the general effectiveness of youth balance training is well-documented, there is hardly any information available on the specific effects of single-task (ST) versus dual-task (DT) balance training. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to examine static/dynamic balance performance under ST and DT conditions in adolescents and (ii) to study the effects of ST versus DT balance training on static/dynamic balance under ST and DT conditions in adolescents. Twenty-eight healthy girls and boys aged 12–13 years were randomly assigned to either 8 weeks of ST or DT balance training. Before and after training, postural sway and spatio-temporal gait parameters were registered under ST (standing/walking only) and DT conditions (standing/walking while concurrently performing an arithmetic task). At baseline, significantly slower gait speed (p < 0.001, d = 5.1), shorter stride length (p < 0.001, d = 4.8), and longer stride time (p < 0.001, d = 3.8) were found for DT compared to ST walking but not standing. Training resulted in significant pre–post decreases in DT costs for gait velocity (p < 0.001, d = 3.1), stride length (-45%, p < 0.001, d = 2.4), and stride time (-44%, p < 0.01, d = 1.9). Training did not induce any significant changes (p > 0.05, d = 0–0.1) in DT costs for all parameters of secondary task performance during standing and walking. Training produced significant pre–post increases (p = 0.001; d = 1.47) in secondary task performance while sitting. The observed increase was significantly greater for the ST training group (p = 0.04; d = 0.81). For standing, no significant changes were found over time irrespective of the experimental group. We conclude that adolescents showed impaired DT compared to ST walking but not standing. ST and DT balance training resulted in significant and similar changes in DT costs during walking. Thus, there appears to be no preference for either ST or DT balance training in adolescents. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 432 KW - postural control KW - cognitive performance KW - attentional demand KW - dual-task costs KW - cognitive interference Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411679 IS - 432 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Börnert-Ringleb, Moritz A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen T1 - The Association of Strategy Use and Concrete-Operational Thinking in Primary School T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Concrete-operational thinking depicts an important aspect of cognitive development. A promising approach in promoting these skills is the instruction of strategies. The construction of such instructional programs requires insights into the mental operations involved in problem-solving. In the present paper, we address the question to which extent variations of the effect of isolated and combined mental operations (strategies) on correct solution of concrete-operational concepts can be observed. Therefore, a cross-sectional design was applied. The use of mental operations was measured by thinking-aloud reports from 80 first- and second-graders (N = 80) while solving tasks depicting concrete-operational thinking. Concrete-operational thinking was assessed using the subscales conservation of numbers, classification and sequences of the TEKO. The verbal reports were transcribed and coded with regard to the mental operations applied per task. Data analyses focused on tasks level, resulting in the analyses of N = 240 tasks per subscale. Differences regarding the contribution of isolated and combined mental operations (strategies) to correct solution were observed. Thereby, the results indicate the necessity of selection and integration of appropriate mental operations as strategies. The results offer insights in involved mental operations while solving concrete-operational tasks and depict a contribution to the construction of instructional programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 431 KW - strategy use KW - thinking aloud KW - cognitive development KW - process data KW - primary school Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-162010 IS - 431 ER -