TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Using approximate Bayesian computation for estimating parameters in the cue-based retrieval model of sentence processing
JF  - MethodsX
N2  - A commonly used approach to parameter estimation in computational models is the so-called grid search procedure: the entire parameter space is searched in small steps to determine the parameter value that provides the best fit to the observed data. This approach has several disadvantages: first, it can be computationally very expensive; second, one optimal point value of the parameter is reported as the best fit value; we cannot quantify our uncertainty about the parameter estimate. In the main journal article that this methods article accompanies (Jager et al., 2020, Interference patterns in subject-verb agreement and reflexives revisited: A large-sample study, Journal of Memory and Language), we carried out parameter estimation using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), which is a Bayesian approach that allows us to quantify our uncertainty about the parameter's values given data. This customization has the further advantage that it allows us to generate both prior and posterior predictive distributions of reading times from the cue-based retrieval model of Lewis and Vasishth, 2005. <br /> Instead of the conventional method of using grid search, we use Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) for parameter estimation in the [4] model. <br /> The ABC method of parameter estimation has the advantage that the uncertainty of the parameter can be quantified.
KW  - Bayesian parameter estimation
KW  - Prior and posterior predictive
KW  - distributions
KW  - Psycholinguistics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.100850
SN  - 2215-0161
VL  - 7
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huttenlauch, Clara
A1  - Beer, Carola de
A1  - Hanne-Kloth, Sandra
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
T1  - Production of prosodic cues in coordinate name sequences addressing varying interlocutors
JF  - Laboratory phonology
N2  - Prosodic boundaries can be used to disambiguate the syntactic structure of coordinated name sequences (coordinates). To answer the question whether disambiguating prosody is produced in a situationally dependent or independent manner and to contribute to our understanding of the nature of the prosody-syntax link, we systematically explored variability in the prosody of boundary productions of coordinates evoked by different contextual settings in a referential communication task. Our analysis focused on prosodic boundaries produced to distinguish sequences with different syntactic structures (i.e., with or without internal grouping of the constituents). In German, these prosodic boundaries are indicated by three major prosodic cues: f0-range, final lengthening, and pause. In line with the Proximity/Anti-Proximity principle of the syntax-prosody model by Kentner and Fery (2013), speakers clearly use all three cues for constituent grouping and prosodically mark groups within and at their right boundary, indicating that prosodic phrasing is not a local phenomenon. Intra-individually, we found a rather stable prosodic pattern across contexts. However, inter-individually speakers differed from each other with respect to the prosodic cue combinations that they (consistently) used to mark the boundaries. Overall, our data speak in favour of a close link between syntax and prosody and for situational independence of disambiguating prosody.
KW  - Prosodic boundaries
KW  - prosodic cues
KW  - coordinates
KW  - varying interlocutors
KW  - variability
KW  - f0
KW  - duration
KW  - pre-final lengthening
KW  - pause
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.221
SN  - 1868-6346
SN  - 1868-6354
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Ubiquity Press
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cuadro, Ariel
A1  - von Hagen, Alexa
A1  - Costa Ball, Daniel
T1  - Procedural differences in the calculation of the prevalence of reading difficulties in Spanish-speaking school children
T1  - Diferencias procedimentales en el cálculo de la prevalencia del retraso lector en escolares hispanoparlantes
JF  - Studies in psychology
JF  - Estudios de psicologia / Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje
N2  - The prevalence of reading difficulties (RD) reflects controversial data ranging from 3.1–3.2% to 17.5%. Possible explanations are partly based on the incidence of orthography-specific factors influencing the reading process, but also on methodological differences that hinder comparison of the reported results. For this reason, the present study aims to analyse the prevalence of RD in a sample of 1,408 Spanish-speaking school children by comparing different ways of calculating the prevalence rate. The results reflect a prevalence of 2.2−5.3%, consistent with data reported for predominantly transparent orthographies. Some of the procedures used to identify RD are more accurate in early school years than at more advanced moments of schooling. Furthermore, the consideration of students’ sex when calculating the prevalence of RD seems to represent a more sensitive way of identifying students with RD.
N2  - La prevalencia del retraso lector (RL) refleja datos controvertidos, que varían desde el 3.1–3.2% al 17.5%. Posibles explicaciones se basan en parte en la incidencia de factores específicos de cada ortografía en el proceso de lectura, pero por otra parte en diferencias metodológicas, que dificultan la comparación de los resultados informados. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio propone analizar la prevalencia del RL en una misma muestra de 1,408 escolares hispanoparlantes, comparando diversas formas de calcular el índice de prevalencia. Los resultados reflejan una prevalencia del 2.2–5.3%, consistente con los datos informados para ortografías predominantemente superficiales. Algunos de los procedimientos empleados para identificar el RL resultan más precisos en los cursos escolares iniciales, que en momentos más avanzados de la escolaridad. A su vez la consideración del sexo de los alumnos a la hora de calcular la prevalencia, parecería representar una medida más sensible para identificar a alumnos con RL.
KW  - reader difficulties
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - prevalence
KW  - sex differences
KW  - retraso lector
KW  - dislexia
KW  - prevalencia
KW  - diferencias de sexo
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2016.1268388
SN  - 0210-9395
SN  - 1579-3699
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 169
EP  - 197
PB  - Routledge, Taylor Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuberski, Stephan R.
A1  - Gafos, Adamantios I.
T1  - Fitts’ law in tongue movements of repetitive speech
JF  - Phonetica : international journal of phonetic science
N2  - Fitts' law, perhaps the most celebrated law of human motor control, expresses a relation between the kinematic property of speed and the non-kinematic, task-specific property of accuracy. We aimed to assess whether speech movements obey this law using a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm with a systematic speech rate control. Specifically, using the paradigm of repetitive speech, we recorded via electromagnetic articulometry speech movement data in sequences of the form /CV.../ from 6 adult speakers. These sequences were spoken at 8 distinct rates ranging from extremely slow to extremely fast. Our results demonstrate, first, that the present paradigm of extensive metronome-driven manipulations satisfies the crucial prerequisites for evaluating Fitts' law in a subset of our elicited rates. Second, we uncover for the first time in speech evidence for Fitts' law at the faster rates and specifically beyond a participant-specific critical rate. We find no evidence for Fitts' law at the slowest metronome rates. Finally, we discuss implications of these results for models of speech.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000501644
SN  - 0031-8388
SN  - 1423-0321
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 27
PB  - De Gruyter Mouton
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Data assimilation in dynamical cognitive science
JF  - Trends in cognitive sciences
N2  - Dynamical models make specific assumptions about cognitive processes that generate human behavior. In data assimilation, these models are tested against timeordered data. Recent progress on Bayesian data assimilation demonstrates that this approach combines the strengths of statistical modeling of individual differences with the those of dynamical cognitive models.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.006
SN  - 1364-6613
SN  - 1879-307X
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 102
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bosch, Sina
A1  - De Cesare, Ilaria
A1  - Demske, Ulrike
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - New empirical approaches to grammatical variation and change
JF  - Languages : open access journal
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030113
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Fritzsche, Tom
A1  - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie
A1  - Hullebus, Marc
A1  - Gafos, Adamantios I.
T1  - Respect the surroundings
BT  - effects of phonetic context variability on infants' learning of minimal pairs
JF  - JASA Express Letters
N2  - Fourteen-month-olds' ability to distinguish a just learned word, /bu?k/, from its minimally different word, /du?k/, was assessed under two pre-exposure conditions: one where /b, d/-initial forms occurred in a varying vowel context and another where the vowel was fixed but the final consonant varied. Infants in the experiments benefited from the variable vowel but not from the variable final consonant context, suggesting that vowel variability but not all kinds of variability are beneficial. These results are discussed in the context of time-honored observations on the vowel-dependent nature of place of articulation cues for consonants.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003574
SN  - 2691-1191
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publ.
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz-Antonischki, Dorit
A1  - Heide, Judith
A1  - Netzebandt, Jonka
T1  - Therapie von Wortabrufstörungen mit der App LingoTalk bei einer Patientin mit Aphasie
BT  - eine Therapiestudie
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 15
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572433
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
SP  - 157
EP  - 171
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menze, Clara
A1  - Stadie, Nicole
T1  - Evidenzbasierte Praxis
BT  - Handlungskompetenzen im externen Praktikum des BSc Patholinguistik
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 15
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572420
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
SP  - 151
EP  - 155
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uhlemann, Charlotte
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - Hilton, Matt
T1  - Express yourself!
BT  - Die Diagnostikinstrumente frühkindlicher Sprachentwicklung FRAKIS und SETK-2 im Vergleich
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 15
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572395
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
SP  - 107
EP  - 117
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Düring, Sarah
A1  - Lubitz, Anika
A1  - Schnelle, Kirsten
A1  - Klitsch, Julia
A1  - Netzebandt, Jonka
A1  - Fritzsche, Tom
T1  - Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
BT  - Erfahrungen aus der Praxis und Perspektiven für die Zukunft
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 15
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572386
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
SP  - 87
EP  - 106
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frank, Ulrike
A1  - Frank, Katrin
T1  - Teamwork is it!
BT  - Intensivmedizin geht nicht allein
JF  - Spektrum Patholinguistik 15
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572134
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frank, Ulrike
A1  - Frank, Katrin
A1  - Mohr, Bettina
A1  - Kurtenbach, Stephanie
A1  - Khader-Lindholz, Aischa
A1  - Sallat, Stephan
A1  - Wagner, Lilli
A1  - Düring, Sarah
A1  - Lubitz, Anika
A1  - Schnelle, Kirsten
A1  - Klitsch, Julia
A1  - Netzebandt, Jonka
A1  - Fritsche, Tom
A1  - Uhlemann, Charlotte
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - Hilton, Matt
A1  - Neitzel, Isabel
A1  - Schmidt, Johanna
A1  - Eikerling, Maren
A1  - Cholin, Joana
A1  - Menze, Clara
A1  - Stadie, Nicole
A1  - Schmitz-Antonischki, Dorit
A1  - Heide, Judith
A1  - Plath, Almut
A1  - Corsten, Sabine
A1  - Hoffmann, Marie
A1  - Leinweber, Juliane
A1  - Spelter, Bianca
A1  - Karstens, Sven
ED  - Tan, Sarah
ED  - Düring, Sarah
ED  - Wilde, Alina
ED  - Wunderlich, Hanna
ED  - Fritzsche, Tom
T1  - Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 15. Schwerpunktthema: Interdisziplinär behandeln – Multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Sprachtherapie
T2  - Spektrum Patholinguistik
N2  - Das 15. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Interdisziplinär (be-)handeln – Multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Sprachtherapie« fand am 20.11.2021 als Online-Veranstaltung statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 jährlich vom Verband für Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl), seit 2021 vom Deutschen Bundesverband für akademische Sprachtherapie und Logopädie (dbs) in Kooperation mit der Universität Potsdam durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die Vorträge zum Schwerpunktthema und Informationen aus der Podiumsdiskussion sowie die Posterpräsentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis.
N2  - The Fifteenth Autumn Meeting Patholinguistics with its main topic »Interdisciplinary treatment - multiprofessional cooperation in speech/language therapy« took place online on the 20th of November 2021. This annual meeting has been organised since 2007 by the Association for Patholinguistics (vpl), since 2021 by the German Federal Association for Academic Speech/Language Therapy and Logopaedics (dbs) in cooperation with the University of Potsdam. The present proceedings feature the keynote presentations on the main topic and information from the panel discussion as well as articles from the poster session covering a broad range of areas in research and practice of speech/language therapy.
T3  - Spektrum Patholinguistik - 15 
KW  - Patholinguistik
KW  - Sprachtherapie
KW  - interdisziplinäre Behandlung
KW  - multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit
KW  - patholinguistics
KW  - speech/language therapy
KW  - interdisciplinary treatment
KW  - multiprofessional cooperation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558206
SN  - 978-3-86956-542-2
SN  - 1866-9433
SN  - 1866-9085
IS  - 15
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris
A1  - Elbuy, Shereen
A1  - Madec, Sylvain
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - What did we learn from forty years of research on semantic interference?
BT  - a Bayesian meta-analysis
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - When participants in an experiment have to name pictures while ignoring distractor words superimposed on the picture or presented auditorily (i.e., picture-word interference paradigm), they take more time when the word to be named (or target) and distractor words are from the same semantic category (e.g., cat-dog). This experimental effect is known as the semantic interference effect, and is probably one of the most studied in the language production literature. The functional origin of the effect and the exact conditions in which it occurs are however still debated. Since Lupker (1979) reported the effect in the first response time experiment about 40 years ago, more than 300 similar experiments have been conducted. The semantic interference effect was replicated in many experiments, but several studies also reported the absence of an effect in a subset of experimental conditions. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive theoretical review of the existing evidence to date and several Bayesian meta-analyses and meta-regressions to determine the size of the effect and explore the experimental conditions in which the effect surfaces. The results are discussed in the light of current debates about the functional origin of the semantic interference effect and its implications for our understanding of the language production system.
KW  - Bayesian random effects meta-analysis
KW  - picture-word interference
KW  - semantic interference
KW  - language production
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104125
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 114
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wulff, Peter
A1  - Buschhüter, David
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Nowak, Anna
A1  - Becker, Lisa
A1  - Robalino, Hugo
A1  - Stede, Manfred
A1  - Borowski, Andreas
T1  - Computer-based classification of preservice physics teachers’ written reflections
JF  - Journal of science education and technology
N2  - Reflecting in written form on one's teaching enactments has been considered a facilitator for teachers' professional growth in university-based preservice teacher education. Writing a structured reflection can be facilitated through external feedback. However, researchers noted that feedback in preservice teacher education often relies on holistic, rather than more content-based, analytic feedback because educators oftentimes lack resources (e.g., time) to provide more analytic feedback. To overcome this impediment to feedback for written reflection, advances in computer technology can be of use. Hence, this study sought to utilize techniques of natural language processing and machine learning to train a computer-based classifier that classifies preservice physics teachers' written reflections on their teaching enactments in a German university teacher education program. To do so, a reflection model was adapted to physics education. It was then tested to what extent the computer-based classifier could accurately classify the elements of the reflection model in segments of preservice physics teachers' written reflections. Multinomial logistic regression using word count as a predictor was found to yield acceptable average human-computer agreement (F1-score on held-out test dataset of 0.56) so that it might fuel further development towards an automated feedback tool that supplements existing holistic feedback for written reflections with data-based, analytic feedback.
KW  - reflection
KW  - teacher professional development
KW  - hatural language
KW  - processing
KW  - machine learning
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-020-09865-1
SN  - 1059-0145
SN  - 1573-1839
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stede, Manfred
T1  - Automatic argumentation mining and the role of stance and sentiment
JF  - Journal of argumentation in context
N2  - Argumentation mining is a subfield of Computational Linguistics that aims (primarily) at automatically finding arguments and their structural components in natural language text. We provide a short introduction to this field, intended for an audience with a limited computational background. After explaining the subtasks involved in this problem of deriving the structure of arguments, we describe two other applications that are popular in computational linguistics: sentiment analysis and stance detection. From the linguistic viewpoint, they concern the semantics of evaluation in language. In the final part of the paper, we briefly examine the roles that these two tasks play in argumentation mining, both in current practice, and in possible future systems.
KW  - argumentation structure
KW  - argumentation mining
KW  - sentiment analysis
KW  - stance detection
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.00006.ste
SN  - 2211-4742
SN  - 2211-4750
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 41
PB  - John Benjamins Publishing Co.
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hilton, Matthew
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Kinematic boundary cues modulate 12-month-old infants’ segmentation of action sequences
BT  - an ERP study
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Human infants can segment action sequences into their constituent actions already during the first year of life. However, work to date has almost exclusively examined the role of infants' conceptual knowledge of actions and their outcomes in driving this segmentation. The present study examined electrophysiological correlates of infants' processing of lower-level perceptual cues that signal a boundary between two actions of an action sequence. Specifically, we tested the effect of kinematic boundary cues (pre-boundary lengthening and pause) on 12-month-old infants' (N = 27) processing of a sequence of three arbitrary actions, performed by an animated figure. Using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) approach, evidence of a positivity following the onset of the boundary cues was found, in line with previous work that has found an ERP positivity (Closure Positive Shift, CPS) related to boundary processing in auditory stimuli and action sequences in adults. Moreover, an ERP negativity (Negative Central, Nc) indicated that infants' encoding of the post-boundary action was modulated by the presence or absence of prior boundary cues. We therefore conclude that 12-month-old infants are sensitive to lower-level perceptual kinematic boundary cues, which can support segmentation of a continuous stream of movement into individual action units.
KW  - Action segmentation
KW  - Kinematic boundary processing
KW  - ERPs
KW  - Boundary cues
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107916
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 159
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uygun, Serkan
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Morphological processing in heritage speakers
BT  - a masked priming study on the Turkish aorist
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. 'Limitations of online resources' for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism ('affix stripping') as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words.
KW  - Turkish
KW  - morphology
KW  - aorist
KW  - priming
KW  - variability
KW  - processing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000577
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 415
EP  - 426
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiese, Heike
A1  - Oncu, Mehmet Tahir
A1  - Bracker, Philip
T1  - Verb-third-position in Turkish-German Language Contact
BT  - Information-structured Linearization of singular and multilingual Speakers
JF  - Deutsche Sprache : ds ; Zeitschrift für Theorie, Praxis, Dokumentation
N2  - In present-day German we find new word order options, particularly well-known from Turkish-German bilingual speakers in the contexts of new urban dialects, which allow violations of the canonical verb-second position in independent declarative clauses. In these cases, two positions are occupied in the forefield in front of the finite verb, usually by an adverbial and a subject, which identify, at the level of information structure, frame-setter and topic, respectively. Our study investigates the influence of verbal versus language -independent information-structural preferences for this linearisation, comparing Turkish-German multilingual speakers who have grown up in Germany with monolingual German and Turkish speakers. For tasks, in which grammatical restrictions were largely minimised, the results indicate a general tendency to place verbs in a position after the frame-setter and the topic; in addition, we found language-specific influences that distinguish Turkish-German and monolingual German speakers from monolingual Turkish ones. We interpret this as evidence for an information-structural motivation for verb-third, and for a clear dominance of German for Turkish-German speakers in Germany.
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 0340-9341
SN  - 1866-5233
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 52
PB  - Erich Schmidt
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris
T1  - Differences in processing times for distractors and pictures modulate the influence of distractors in picture-word interference tasks
JF  - Language, cognition and neuroscience
N2  - In the picture-word interference paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring a distractor word. When targets and distractors share phonemic and/or graphemic content, naming latencies are shorter than when there is no overlap between the two words. This study examines the hypothesis that the facilitation effect is modulated by differences in the time it takes participants to encode the picture name and process the distractor. Participants named pictures while ignoring distractors that either shared a phonological/orthographical syllable with the target word or were unrelated to that word. Response latencies during the naming of the distractors were collected and used as a measure of distractor processing time. The facilitation effect in picture naming was modulated by differences in response times between the picture and word naming tasks. This finding complements previous studies in showing that picture naming processes in the picture-word interference paradigm are influenced by the time course of distractor processing.
KW  - Picture-word interference
KW  - inter-individual differences
KW  - phonological facilitation
KW  - reading performance
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1267783
SN  - 2327-3798
SN  - 2327-3801
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 709
EP  - 723
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Obituary: Pieter Muysken
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921000249
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 597
EP  - 598
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia
A1  - Reyes, Andres Felipe
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Overcoming discourse-linking difficulties in aphasia
BT  - the case of clitic pronouns
JF  - Clinical linguistics & phonetics
N2  - The present study aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the impact of discourse-linking deficits on the performance of individuals with aphasia by providing new data from a set of rarely investigated constructions: sentences in which a clitic pronoun coexists alongside with the full DP it agrees with. To do so, we use data of individuals with non-fluent aphasias who need to overcome the difficulties in direct object (accusative) clitic production. This results in overproduction of non-target clitic right dislocations (RDs) and clitic doubling (CD). Data from 15 individual’s native speakers of Spanish and Catalan are discussed. Data complement the results of previous investigations on discourse-linking effects in these languages, allowing the interpretation of results across constructions.
KW  - Clitic pronouns
KW  - discourse
KW  - aphasia
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Catalan
Y1  - 0207
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1308015
SN  - 0269-9206
SN  - 1464-5076
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 459
EP  - 477
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brown, J. M. M.
A1  - Fanselow, Gisbert
A1  - Hall, Rebecca
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Middle ratings rise regardless of grammatical construction
BT  - Testing syntactic variability in a repeated exposure paradigm
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - People perceive sentences more favourably after hearing or reading them many times. A prominent approach in linguistic theory argues that these types of exposure effects (satiation effects) show direct evidence of a generative approach to linguistic knowledge: only some sentences improve under repeated exposure, and which sentences do improve can be predicted by a model of linguistic competence that yields natural syntactic classes. However, replications of the original findings have been inconsistent, and it remains unclear whether satiation effects can be reliably induced in an experimental setting at all. Here we report four findings regarding satiation effects in wh-questions across German and English. First, the effects pertain to zone of well-formedness rather than syntactic class: all intermediate ratings, including calibrated fillers, increase at the beginning of the experimental session regardless of syntactic construction. Second, though there is satiation, ratings asymptote below maximum acceptability. Third, these effects are consistent across judgments of superiority effects in English and German. Fourth, wh-questions appear to show similar profiles in English and German, despite these languages being traditionally considered to differ strongly in whether they show effects on movement: violations of the superiority condition can be modulated to a similar degree in both languages by manipulating subject-object initiality and animacy congruency of the wh-phrase. We improve on classic satiation methods by distinguishing between two crucial tests, namely whether exposure selectively targets certain grammatical constructions or whether there is a general repeated exposure effect. We conclude that exposure effects can be reliably induced in rating experiments but exposure does not appear to selectively target certain grammatical constructions. Instead, they appear to be a phenomenon of intermediate gradient judgments.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251280
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pregla, Dorothea
A1  - Lissón Hernández, Paula J.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Burchert, Frank
A1  - Stadie, Nicole
T1  - Variability in sentence comprehension in aphasia in German
JF  - Brain & language : a journal of the neurobiology of language
N2  - An important aspect of aphasia is the observation of behavioral variability between and within individual participants. Our study addresses variability in sentence comprehension in German, by testing 21 individuals with aphasia and a control group and involving (a) several constructions (declarative sentences, relative clauses and control structures with an overt pronoun or PRO), (b) three response tasks (object manipulation, sentence-picture matching with/without self-paced listening), and (c) two test phases (to investigate test-retest performance). With this systematic, large-scale study we gained insights into variability in sentence comprehension. We found that the size of syntactic effects varied both in aphasia and in control participants. Whereas variability in control participants led to systematic changes, variability in individuals with aphasia was unsystematic across test phases or response tasks. The persistent occurrence of canonicity and interference effects across response tasks and test phases, however, shows that the performance is systematically influenced by syntactic complexity.
KW  - Aphasia
KW  - Sentence Comprehension
KW  - Variability
KW  - Test-retest reliability
KW  - Task demands
KW  - Canonicity and interference effects
KW  - Object manipulation
KW  - Sentence-picture matching
KW  - Self-paced listening
KW  - Adaptation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bl.2021.105008
SN  - 0093-934X
SN  - 1090-2155
VL  - 222
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smith, Garrett
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - A principled approach to feature selection in models of sentence processing
JF  - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society
N2  - Among theories of human language comprehension, cue-based memory retrieval has proven to be a useful framework for understanding when and how processing difficulty arises in the resolution of long-distance dependencies. Most previous work in this area has assumed that very general retrieval cues like [+subject] or [+singular] do the work of identifying (and sometimes misidentifying) a retrieval target in order to establish a dependency between words. However, recent work suggests that general, handpicked retrieval cues like these may not be enough to explain illusions of plausibility (Cunnings & Sturt, 2018), which can arise in sentences like The letter next to the porcelain plate shattered. Capturing such retrieval interference effects requires lexically specific features and retrieval cues, but handpicking the features is hard to do in a principled way and greatly increases modeler degrees of freedom. To remedy this, we use well-established word embedding methods for creating distributed lexical feature representations that encode information relevant for retrieval using distributed retrieval cue vectors. We show that the similarity between the feature and cue vectors (a measure of plausibility) predicts total reading times in Cunnings and Sturt's eye-tracking data. The features can easily be plugged into existing parsing models (including cue-based retrieval and self-organized parsing), putting very different models on more equal footing and facilitating future quantitative comparisons.
KW  - Cue‐based retrieval
KW  - plausibility
KW  - word embeddings
KW  - linguistic
KW  - features
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12918
SN  - 0364-0213
SN  - 1551-6709
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Putri, Christiani Dwi
A1  - Das, Avantika
T1  - Review of: Sanders, Rob: Pride: the story of Harvey Milk and the rainbow flag. - New York : Random House USA, 2018. - 48 S.- ISBN 978-0-399-55531-2
JF  - Journal of language & literacy education : JoLLE
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 1559-9035
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
PB  - Univ. Georgia
CY  - Athens, Ga.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marimon Tarter, Mireia
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Langus, Alan
T1  - Pupillary entrainment reveals individual differences in cue weighting in 9-month-old German-learning infants
JF  - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2  - Young infants can segment continuous speech with statistical as well as prosodic cues. Understanding how these cues interact can be informative about how infants solve the segmentation problem. Here we investigate how German-speaking adults and 9-month-old German-learning infants weigh statistical and prosodic cues when segmenting continuous speech. We measured participants' pupil size while they were familiarized with a continuous speech stream where prosodic cues were pitted off against transitional probabilities. Adult participants' changes in pupil size synchronized with the occurrence of prosodic words during the familiarization and the temporal alignment of these pupillary changes was predictive of adult participants' performance at test. Further, 9-month-olds as a group failed to consistently segment the familiarization stream with prosodic or statistical cues. However, the variability in temporal alignment of the pupillary changes at word frequency showed that prosodic and statistical cues compete for dominance when segmenting continuous speech. A followup language development questionnaire at 40 months of age suggested that infants who entrained to prosodic words performed better on a vocabulary task and those infants who relied more on statistical cues performed better on grammatical tasks. Together these results suggest that statistics and prosody may serve different roles in speech segmentation in infancy.
KW  - Language acquisition
KW  - Transitional probabilities
KW  - Prosody
KW  - Cue weighting
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105054
SN  - 0010-0277
SN  - 1873-7838
VL  - 224
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
A1  - Jessen, Anna
T1  - Correlative coordination and variable subject-verb agreement in German
JF  - Languages : open access journal
N2  - Coordinated subjects often show variable number agreement with the finite verb, but linguistic approaches to this phenomenon have rarely been informed by systematically collected data. We report the results from three experiments investigating German speakers' agreement preferences with complex subjects joined by the correlative conjunctions sowohl horizontal ellipsis als auch ('both horizontal ellipsis and'), weder horizontal ellipsis noch ('neither horizontal ellipsis nor') or entweder horizontal ellipsis oder ('either horizontal ellipsis or'). We examine to what extent conjunction type and a conjunct's relative proximity to the verb affect the acceptability and processibility of singular vs. plural agreement. Experiment 1 was an untimed acceptability rating task, Experiment 2 a timed sentence completion task, and Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading task. Taken together, our results show that number agreement with correlative coordination in German is primarily determined by a default constraint triggering plural agreement, which interacts with linear order and semantic factors. Semantic differences between conjunctions only affected speakers' agreement preferences in the absence of processing pressure but not their initial agreement computation. The combined results from our offline and online experimental measures of German speakers' agreement preferences suggest that the constraints under investigation do not only differ in their relative weighting but also in their relative timing during agreement computation.
KW  - correlative coordination
KW  - subject– verb agreement
KW  - German
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6020067
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laurinavichyute, Anna
A1  - Yadav, Himanshu
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Share the code, not just the data
BT  - a case study of the reproducibility of articles published in the Journal of Memory and Language under the open data policy
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - In 2019 the Journal of Memory and Language instituted an open data and code policy; this policy requires that, as a rule, code and data be released at the latest upon publication. How effective is this policy? We compared 59 papers published before, and 59 papers published after, the policy took effect. After the policy was in place, the rate of data sharing increased by more than 50%. We further looked at whether papers published under the open data policy were reproducible, in the sense that the published results should be possible to regenerate given the data, and given the code, when code was provided. For 8 out of the 59 papers, data sets were inaccessible. The reproducibility rate ranged from 34% to 56%, depending on the reproducibility criteria. The strongest predictor of whether an attempt to reproduce would be successful is the presence of the analysis code: it increases the probability of reproducing reported results by almost 40%. We propose two simple steps that can increase the reproducibility of published papers: share the analysis code, and attempt to reproduce one's own analysis using only the shared materials.
KW  - Open data
KW  - Reproducible statistical analyses
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Open
KW  - science
KW  - Meta-research
KW  - Journal policy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2022.104332
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 125
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wierzba, Marta
A1  - Fanselow, Gisbert
T1  - Factors influencing the acceptability of object fronting in German
JF  - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics
N2  - In this paper, we address some controversially debated empirical questions concerning object fronting in German by a series of acceptability rating studies. We investigated three kinds of factors: (i) properties of the subject (given/new, pronoun/full DP), (ii) emphasis, (iii) register. The first factor is predicted to play a crucial role by models in which object fronting possibilities are limited by prosodic properties. Two experiments provide converging evidence for a systematic effect of this factor: we find that the relative acceptability of object fronting across subjects that require an accent (new DPs) is lower than across deaccentable subjects (pronouns and given DPs). Other models predict object fronting across full phrases (but not across pronouns) to be limited to an emphatic interpretation. This prediction is also borne out, suggesting that both types of models capture an empirically valid generalization and can be seen as complementing each other rather than competing with each other. Finally, we find support for the view that informal register facilitates object fronting. In sum, our experiments contribute to clarifying the empirical basis concerning a phenomenon influenced by a range of interacting factors. This, in turn, informs theoretical approaches to the prefield position and helps to identify factors that need to be carefully controlled in this field of research.
KW  - German
KW  - Object fronting
KW  - Prefield
KW  - Givenness
KW  - Emphasis
KW  - Register
KW  - Experiments
KW  - Acceptability
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-020-09113-1
SN  - 1383-4924
SN  - 1572-8552
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 77
EP  - 124
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
A1  - Drummer, Janna-Deborah
T1  - Binding out of relative clauses in native and non-native sentence comprehension
JF  - Journal of psycholinguistic research
N2  - Pronouns can sometimes covary with a non c-commanding quantifier phrase (QP). To obtain such 'telescoping' readings, a semantic representation must be computed in which the QP's semantic scope extends beyond its surface scope. Non-native speakers have been claimed to have more difficulty than native speakers deriving such non-isomorphic syntax-semantics mappings, but evidence from processing studies is scarce. We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring experiment and an offline questionnaire investigating whether native and non-native speakers of German can link personal pronouns to non c-commanding QPs inside relative clauses. Our results show that both participant groups were able to obtain telescoping readings offline, but only the native speakers showed evidence of forming telescoping dependencies during incremental parsing. During processing the non-native speakers focused on a discourse-prominent, non-quantified alternative antecedent instead. The observed group differences indicate that non-native comprehenders have more difficulty than native comprehenders computing scope-shifted representations in real time.
KW  - Pronoun binding
KW  - c-command
KW  - Eye-movement monitoring
KW  - Non-native language
KW  - processing
KW  - German
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-022-09845-z
SN  - 0090-6905
SN  - 1573-6555
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
SP  - 763
EP  - 788
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieto, Julio
T1  - From blind shorthand
T1  - de la ciega taquigrafía
BT  - the elusive erudition of Luis Chitarroni
BT  - la elusiva erudición de Luis Chitarroni
JF  - Cahiers de LIRICO
N2  - This essay explores the poetics of obscurity that informs Luis Chitarroni’s « unfinished novel » The No Variations. Focusing on the « reticent » erudition that distinguishes this text, my analysis examines its dialogue with the paradigm of Borges’ erudition and narrative poetics, as well as with certain « counter-Borgesian » constellations in recent Argentine literature. My reading aims to show how Chitarroni’s anti-novel reactivates a specific Argentinean tradition of productive illegibility while considering how it relates to the practices of « impediment » and « aesthetic reduction » that pervade modern art and literature.
N2  - Este ensayo explora la poética de la opacidad en la escritura de Luis Chitarroni y en particular en su « novela inconclusa » Peripecias del no. El análisis se enfoca en la erudición « denegante » que distingue a este texto, y en su diálogo con el modelo de la erudición borgiana y con su poética narrativa, así como con una serie de líneas « contraborgianas » en la literatura argentina reciente. Mi lectura se orienta a mostrar cómo la anti-novela de Chitarroni reactiva una específica tradición literaria argentina de poéticas de lo ilegible a la vez que enlaza con las prácticas del « impedimento » y de la « reducción estética » que recorren la modernidad artística y literaria.
N2  - Cet article explore la poétique de la opacité mise en jeu par Luis Chitarroni dans son « roman inachevé » Aventures du Non. À partir d’une analyse de l’érudition « reticente » inhérente à ce texte, j’examine le dialogue que Chitarroni établit avec le modèle de l’érudition borgésienne et sa poétique du récit, ainsi qu’avec une série de lignes narratives « post-borgésiennes » dans la littérature argentine récente. Ma lecture vise à montrer comment l’« anti-roman » de Chitarroni réactive une particulière tradition littéraire argentine relative aux poétiques de l’illisible tout en se liant à la fois avec les pratiques de l’« empêchement » narratif et de la « réduction esthétique » qui traversent la modernité artistique et littéraire.
KW  - poetics of the illegible
KW  - hermeticism
KW  - Chitarroni
KW  - Borges
KW  - modern art
Y1  - 2017
UR  - http://journals.openedition.org/lirico/3807
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4000/lirico.3807
SN  - 2263-2158
SN  - 2262-8339
PB  - Universität de Paris
CY  - Saint-Denis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris
A1  - Madec, Sylvain
T1  - Picture-Word interference in language production studies
BT  - exploring the roles of attention and processing times
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - The picture-word interference paradigm (participants name target pictures while ignoring distractor words) is often used to model the planning processes involved in word production. The participants' naming times are delayed in the presence of a distractor (general interference). The size of this effect depends on the relationship between the target and distractor words. Distractors of the same semantic category create more interference (semantic interference), and distractors overlapping in phonology create less interference (phonological facilitation). The present study examined the relationships between these experimental effects, processing times, and attention in order to better understand the cognitive processes underlying participants' behavior in this paradigm. Participants named pictures with a superimposed line of Xs, semantically related distractors, phonologically related distractors, or unrelated distractors. General interference, semantic interference, and phonological facilitation effects were replicated. Distributional analyses revealed that general and semantic interference effects increase with naming times, while phonological facilitation decreases. The phonological facilitation and semantic interference effects were found to depend on the synchronicity in processing times between the planning of the picture's name and the processing of the distractor word. Finally, electroencephalographic power in the alpha band before stimulus onset varied with the position of the trial in the experiment and with repetition but did not predict the size of interference/facilitation effects. Taken together, these results suggest that experimental effects in the picture-word interference paradigm depend on processing times to both the target word and distractor word and that distributional patterns could partly reflect this dependency.
KW  - language production
KW  - picture-word interference
KW  - variability
KW  - attention
KW  - EEG alpha power
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001098
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
SP  - 1019
EP  - 1046
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Farhy, Yael
T1  - Morphological generalization of Hebrew verb classes
BT  - an elicited production study in native and non-native speakers
JF  - The mental lexicon
N2  - The present work investigated how morphological generalization, namely the way speakers extend their knowledge to novel complex words, is influenced by sources of variability in language and speaker properties. For this purpose, the study focused on a Semitic language (Hebrew), characterized by unique non-concatenative morphology, and native ( L1) as well as non-native (L2) speakers. Two elicited production tasks tested what information sources speakers employ in verbal inflectional class generalization, i.e., in forming complex novel verbs. Phonological similarity was tested in Experiment 1 and argument structure in Experiment 2. The analysis focused on the two most common Hebrew inflectional classes, Paal and Piel, which also constituted the vast majority of responses in the two tasks. Unlike the commonly found outcomes in Romance inflectional class generalization, the results yielded, solely for Piel, a graded phonological similarity effect and a robust argument structure effect, i.e., more Piel responses in a direct object context than without. The L2 pattern partially differed from the L1: (i) argument structure effect for L2 speakers was weaker, and (ii) L2 speakers produced more Paal than Piel responses. The results are discussed within the framework of rule-based and input-based accounts.
KW  - morphology
KW  - generalization
KW  - inflectional classes
KW  - Hebrew
KW  - non-native
KW  - speakers
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.19001.far
SN  - 1871-1340
SN  - 1871-1375
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 223
EP  - 257
PB  - John Benjamins Publishing Co.
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stone, Kate
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Malsburg, Titus von der
T1  - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers’ predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813
SN  - 1932-6203
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - PLOS ONE
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bevacqua, Luca
A1  - Scheffler, Tatjana
T1  - Form variation of pronominal it-clefts in written English
BT  - a corpus study in Twitter and iWeb
JF  - Linguistics vanguard
N2  - Clefts are well-studied as a construction which induces emphasis on its clefted referent. However, little is known about the distribution of different stylistic forms of it-cleft variants. We report on a corpus study mining data from Twitter, targeting sentences clefting a pronoun in English. We examine the following features: case and syntactic role of the clefted pronoun, contraction of the copula, choice of complementiser and use of emphasis markers. The results show systematic associations between these features. A further comparison between the Twitter dataset and data from iWeb, a corpus of general-use web language, shows significant differences in levels of emphasis and formality, positioning Twitter language in the middle of the conceptual orality spectrum.
KW  - clefts
KW  - corpus study
KW  - English
KW  - emphasis
KW  - computer-mediated communication
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0066
SN  - 2199-174X
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
A1  - Jessen, Anna
T1  - Variability and its limits in bilingual word recognition
BT  - a morphological priming study
JF  - The mental lexicon
N2  - This study examines the processing of morphologically complex words focusing on how morphological (in addition to orthographic and semantic) factors affect bilingual word recognition. We report findings from a large experimental study with groups of bilingual (Turkish/German) speakers using the visual masked-priming technique. We found morphologically mediated effects on the response speed and the inter-individual variability within the bilingual participant group. We conclude that the grammar (qua morphological parsing) not only enhances speed of processing in bilingual language processing but also yields more uniform performance and thereby constrains variability within a group of otherwise heterogeneous individuals.
KW  - German
KW  - inflection
KW  - morphology
KW  - L2 processing
KW  - masked priming
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.20013.cla
SN  - 1871-1340
SN  - 1871-1375
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 295
EP  - 329
PB  - John Benjamins Publishing Co.
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schad, Daniel
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - How to capitalize on a priori contrasts in linear (mixed) models
BT  - a tutorial
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - Factorial experiments in research on memory, language, and in other areas are often analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, for effects with more than one numerator degrees of freedom, e.g., for experimental factors with more than two levels, the ANOVA omnibus F-test is not informative about the source of a main effect or interaction. Because researchers typically have specific hypotheses about which condition means differ from each other, a priori contrasts (i.e., comparisons planned before the sample means are known) between specific conditions or combinations of conditions are the appropriate way to represent such hypotheses in the statistical model. Many researchers have pointed out that contrasts should be "tested instead of, rather than as a supplement to, the ordinary 'omnibus' F test" (Hays, 1973, p. 601). In this tutorial, we explain the mathematics underlying different kinds of contrasts (i.e., treatment, sum, repeated, polynomial, custom, nested, interaction contrasts), discuss their properties, and demonstrate how they are applied in the R System for Statistical Computing (R Core Team, 2018). In this context, we explain the generalized inverse which is needed to compute the coefficients for contrasts that test hypotheses that are not covered by the default set of contrasts. A detailed understanding of contrast coding is crucial for successful and correct specification in linear models (including linear mixed models). Contrasts defined a priori yield far more useful confirmatory tests of experimental hypotheses than standard omnibus F-tests. Reproducible code is available from https://osf.io/7ukf6/.
KW  - contrasts
KW  - null hypothesis significance testing
KW  - linear models
KW  - a priori
KW  - hypotheses
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.104038
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 110
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia
T1  - The syntax of functional left peripheries
BT  - clause typing in west germanic and beyond
Y1  - 2021
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuhrmeister, Pamela
T1  - Examining group differences in between-participant variability in non-native speech sound learning
JF  - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2  - Many studies on non-native speech sound learning report a large amount of between-participant variability. This variability allows us to ask interesting questions about non-native speech sound learning, such as whether certain training paradigms give rise to more or less between-participant variability. This study presents a reanalysis of Fuhrmeister and Myers (Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 82(4), 2049-2065, 2020) and tests whether different types of phonetic training lead to group differences in between-participant variability. The original study trained participants on a non-native speech sound contrast in two different phonological (vowel) contexts and tested for differences in means between a group that received blocked training (one vowel context at a time) and interleaved training (vowel contexts were randomized). No statistically significant differences in means were found between the two groups in the original study on a discrimination test (a same-different judgment). However, the current reanalysis tested group differences in between-participant variability and found greater variability in the blocked training group immediately after training because this group had a larger proportion of participants with higher-than-average scores. After a period of offline consolidation, this group difference in variability decreased substantially. This suggests that the type and difficulty of phonetic training (blocked vs. interleaved) may initially give rise to differences in between-participant variability, but offline consolidation may attenuate that variability and have an equalizing effect across participants. This reanalysis supports the view that examining between-participant variability in addition to means when analyzing data can give us a more complete picture of the effects being tested.
KW  - Non-native speech sound learning
KW  - Individual differences
KW  - Heterogeneity
KW  - of variance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02311-3
SN  - 1943-3921
SN  - 1943-393X
VL  - 83
IS  - 5
SP  - 1935
EP  - 1941
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arantzeta, Miren
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
A1  - Burchert, Frank
A1  - Wieling, Martijn Benjamin
A1  - Martinez-Zabaleta, Maite
A1  - Laka, Itziar
T1  - Eye-tracking the effect of word order in sentence comprehension in aphasia
BT  - evidence from Basque, a free word order ergative language
JF  - Language, cognition and neuroscience
N2  - Agrammatic speakers of languages with overt grammatical case show impaired use of the morphological cues to establish theta-role relations in sentences presented in non-canonical word orders. We analysed the effect of word order on the sentence comprehension of aphasic speakers of Basque, an ergative, free word order and head-final (SOV) language. Ergative languages such as Basque establish a one-to-one mapping of the thematic role and the case marker. We collected behavioural and gaze-fixation data while agrammatic speakers performed a picture-matching task with auditorily presented sentences with different word orders. We found that people with aphasia (PWA) had difficulties in assigning theta-roles in Theme-Agent order. This result is in line with processing accounts. Contrary to previous findings, our data do not suggest a systematic delay in the integration of morphological information in the PWA group, but strong reliance on the ergative case morphology and difficulties assigning thematic roles into the determiner phrases.
KW  - Aphasia
KW  - comprehension
KW  - Basque
KW  - sentence processing
KW  - eye-tracking
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1344715
SN  - 2327-3798
SN  - 2327-3801
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1343
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yue, Jinxing
A1  - Alter, Kai-Uwe
A1  - Howard, David
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Early access to lexical-level phonological representations of Mandarin word-forms
BT  - evidence from auditory N1 habituation
JF  - Language, cognition and neuroscience
N2  - An auditory habituation design was used to investigate whether lexical-level phonological representations in the brain can be rapidly accessed after the onset of a spoken word. We studied the N1 component of the auditory event-related electrical potential, and measured the amplitude decrements of N1 associated with the repetition of a monosyllabic tone word and an acoustically similar pseudo-word in Mandarin Chinese. Effects related to the contrastive onset consonants were controlled for by introducing two control words. We show that repeated pseudo-words consistently elicit greater amplitude decrements in N1 than real words. Furthermore, this lexicality effect is free from sensory fatigue or rapid learning of the pseudo-word. These results suggest that a lexical-level phonological representation of a spoken word can be accessed as early as 110ms after the onset of the word-form.
KW  - Auditory N1
KW  - short-term habituation
KW  - spoken word
KW  - Mandarin Chinese
KW  - language
KW  - event-related potential
KW  - lexical access
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1290261
SN  - 2327-3798
SN  - 2327-3801
VL  - 32
IS  - 9
SP  - 1148
EP  - 1163
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fyndanis, Valantis
A1  - Lind, Marianne
A1  - Varlokosta, Spyridoula
A1  - Kambanaros, Maria
A1  - Soroli, Efstathia
A1  - Ceder, Klaudia
A1  - Grohmann, Kleanthes K.
A1  - Rofes, Adrià
A1  - Simonsen, Hanne Gram
A1  - Bjekić, Jovana
A1  - Gavarró, Anna
A1  - Kraljević, Jelena Kuvač
A1  - Martínez-Ferreiro, Silvia
A1  - Munarriz, Amaia
A1  - Pourquie, Marie
A1  - Vuksanović, Jasmina
A1  - Zakariás, Lilla
A1  - Howard, David
T1  - Cross-linguistic adaptations of The Comprehensive Aphasia Test
BT  - challenges and solutions
JF  - Clinical linguistics & phonetics
N2  - Comparative research on aphasia and aphasia rehabilitation is challenged by the lack of comparable assessment tools across different languages. In English, a large array of tools is available, while in most other languages, the selection is more limited. Importantly, assessment tools are often simple translations and do not take into consideration specific linguistic and psycholinguistic parameters of the target languages. As a first step in meeting the needs for comparable assessment tools, the Comprehensive Aphasia Test is currently being adapted into a number of languages spoken in Europe. In this article, some key challenges encountered in the adaptation process and the solutions to ensure that the resulting assessment tools are linguistically and culturally equivalent, are proposed. Specifically, we focus on challenges and solutions related to the use of imageability, frequency, word length, spelling-to-sound regularity and sentence length and complexity as underlying properties in the selection of the testing material.
KW  - Aphasia
KW  - assessment
KW  - Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT)
KW  - cross-linguistic adaptations
KW  - outcome measures
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1310299
SN  - 0269-9206
SN  - 1464-5076
VL  - 31
IS  - 7-9
SP  - 697
EP  - 710
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kügler, Frank
T1  - Tone and intonation in Akan
T2  - Intonation in African Tone Languages
N2  - This chapter provides an account of the intonation patterns in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo). Tonal processes such as downstep, tonal spreading and tonal replacement influence the surface tone pattern of a sentence. In general, any Akan utterance independent of sentence type shows a characteristic down-trend in pitch. This chapter proposes that Akan employs a simple post-lexical tonal grammar that accounts for the shapes of an intonation contour. The unmarked post-lexical structure is found in simple declaratives. The downward trend of an intonation contour is shaped by local tonal interactions (downstep), and sentence-final tonal neutralization. In polar questions, an iota-phrase-final low boundary tone (L%) accounts for the intensity increase and lengthening of the final vowel compared to a declarative. Complex declaratives and left-dislocations show a partial pitch reset at the left edge of an embedded iota-phrase. Underlying lexical tones are not affected by intonation with the exception of sentence-final H-tones.
KW  - downstep
KW  - low boundary tone
KW  - polar question
KW  - constituent question
KW  - imperative
KW  - complex declarative
KW  - Akan
KW  - pitch register reset
KW  - prosodic phrasing
KW  - tonal neutralization
KW  - avoidance
KW  - lax question prosody
Y1  - 2017
SN  - 978-3-11-050352-4; 978-3-11-048479-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110503524-004
SN  - 1861-4191
VL  - 24
SP  - 89
EP  - 129
PB  - De Gruyter Mouton
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Low, Thomas
A1  - Hentschel, Christian
A1  - Stober, Sebastian
A1  - Sack, Harald
A1  - Nürnberger, Andreas
ED  - Amsaleg, Laurent
ED  - Guðmundsson, Gylfi Þór
ED  - Gurrin, Cathal
ED  - Jónsson, Björn Þór
ED  - Satoh, Shin'ichi
T1  - Exploring large movie collections
BT  - comparing visual berrypicking and traditional browsing
T2  - Lecture notes in computer science
N2  - We compare Visual Berrypicking, an interactive approach allowing users to explore large and highly faceted information spaces using similarity-based two-dimensional maps, with traditional browsing techniques. For large datasets, current projection methods used to generate maplike overviews suffer from increased computational costs and a loss of accuracy resulting in inconsistent visualizations. We propose to interactively align inexpensive small maps, showing local neighborhoods only, which ideally creates the impression of panning a large map. For evaluation, we designed a web-based prototype for movie exploration and compared it to the web interface of The Movie Database (TMDb) in an online user study. Results suggest that users are able to effectively explore large movie collections by hopping from one neighborhood to the next. Additionally, due to the projection of movie similarities, interesting links between movies can be found more easily, and thus, compared to browsing serendipitous discoveries are more likely.
KW  - Exploratory interfaces
KW  - Media retrieval
KW  - Multidimensional scaling
KW  - User study
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-3-319-51814-5
SN  - 978-3-319-51813-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51814-5_17
SN  - 0302-9743
SN  - 1611-3349
VL  - 10133
SP  - 198
EP  - 208
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Chandra, Johan
A1  - Krügel, André
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A bayesian approach to dynamical modeling of eye-movement control in reading of normal, mirrored, and scrambled texts
JF  - Psychological Review
N2  - In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between- subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions.
KW  - reading eye movements
KW  - dynamical models
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - oculomotor
KW  - control
KW  - individual differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000268
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
VL  - 128
IS  - 5
SP  - 803
EP  - 823
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mokari, Payam Ghaffarvand
A1  - Gafos, Adamantios I.
A1  - Williams, Daniel
T1  - Perceptuomotor compatibility effects in vowels
BT  - effects of consonantal context and acoustic proximity of response and distractor
JF  - JASA Express Letters
N2  - In a cue-distractor task, speakers' response times (RTs) were found to speed up when they perceived a distractor syllable whose vowel was identical to the vowel in the syllable they were preparing to utter. At a more fine-grained level, subphonemic congruency between response and distractor-defined by higher number of shared phonological features or higher acoustic proximity-was also found to be predictive of RT modulations. Furthermore, the findings indicate that perception of vowel stimuli embedded in syllables gives rise to robust and more consistent perceptuomotor compatibility effects (compared to isolated vowels) across different response-distractor vowel pairs.
KW  - speech
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003039
SN  - 2691-1191
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuhrmeister, Pamela
A1  - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris
T1  - Distributional properties of semantic interference in picture naming
BT  - Bayesian meta-analyses
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Studies of word production often make use of picture-naming tasks, including the picture-word-interference task. In this task, participants name pictures with superimposed distractor words. They typically need more time to name pictures when the distractor word is semantically related to the picture than when it is unrelated (the semantic interference effect). The present study examines the distributional properties of this effect in a series of Bayesian meta-analyses. Meta-analytic estimates of the semantic interference effect first show that the effect is present throughout the reaction time distribution and that it increases throughout the distribution. Second, we find a correlation between a participant's mean semantic interference effect and the change in the effect in the tail of the reaction time distribution, which has been argued to reflect the involvement of selective inhibition in the naming task. Finally, we show with simulated data that this correlation emerges even when no inhibition is used to generate the data, which suggests that inhibition is not needed to explain this relationship.
KW  - Picture-word-interference task
KW  - Semantic interference effect
KW  - Selective
KW  - inhibition
KW  - Delta plot analyses
KW  - Individual differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-02016-6
SN  - 1069-9384
SN  - 1531-5320
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 635
EP  - 647
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Russ, Natalie
T1  - Positions of temporal adverbial clauses in colloquial Russian
T1  - Positionen der temporalen Adverbialsätze in der russischen Umgangssprache
BT  - a corpus study
BT  - eine Korpusstudie
N2  - It was not until the 1960s and 70s of the 20th century that researchers turned their special interest to colloquial Russian (hereafter CR) and its interaction with codified (normative) Russian. Colloquial Russian uses its grammatical constructions in deviation from the norms of the written language. Since codified language is the basis of colloquial language on the grammatical level, among others, the question arises, how the standard forms are used in oral speech. Lapteva (1976) has looked in particular at the syntax of CR and made a classification of CR constructions that differ from their standard forms. The present study deals with two constructions from this classification: an embedded temporal subordinate clause and a temporal subordinate clause with the meaningless conjunction kogda (as/if), which leaves its normative position in the sentence. In addition to the special forms of temporal adverbial clauses, the frequency of their standard implementation as preceding and the following constructions will be examined. Two hypotheses were formulated:
• The frequency of certain constructions classified by Lapteva (1976) as transitional constructions decreases over decades.
• The ratio between prefixed and suffixed temporal subordinate clauses will be in favor of the latter due to the spontaneity of oral speech. The corpus study was conducted with the oral language sub-corpus of the National'nyj Korpus Russkogo Jazyka (National Corpus of the Russian Language). No evidence of a correlation between the number of CR constructions and the year of recording was found either in the whole oral sub-corpus or in its largest section - the collection of private conversations. The proportion of prefixed temporal constructions was greatest in both public and non-public corpora compared to postfixed ones. The study did not provide evidence for the hypotheses put forward, due to the limitations of the corpus study, such as missing or incomplete context of the conversations, lack of punctuation and/or marking of intonation.
N2  - Erst in den 1960er und 70er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts wendeten die Forscher ihre besondere Interesse dem umgangssprachlichen Russisch (im Folgenden CR) und seiner Interaktion mit dem kodifizierten (normativen) Russisch. Die Umgangssprache verwendet ihre grammatikalischen Konstruktionen abweichend von den Normen der Schriftsprache. Da die kodifizierte Sprache unter anderem auf grammatischer Ebene die Basis der Umgangssprache ist, stellt sich die Frage, wie die Standardformen in der mündlichen Rede verwendet werden. Lapteva (1976) hat sich insbesondere mit der Syntax der CR beschäftigt und eine Klassifizierung der CR-Konstruktionen, die sich von ihren Standardformen unterscheiden, vorgenommen. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit zwei Konstruktionen aus dieser Klassifikation: einem eingebetteten temporalen Nebensatz und einem temporalen Nebensatz mit der bedeutungslos gewordenen Konjunktion kogda (als/wenn), welche ihre normative Position im Satz verlässt. Dabei soll neben den Sonderformen temporaler Adverbialsätze auch die Häufigkeit ihrer Standardimplementation als vorangestellte und nachgestellte Konstruktionen untersucht werden. Es wurden zwei Hypothesen aufgestellt:
• Die Häufigkeit bestimmter Konstruktionen, die von Lapteva (1976) als Übergangskonstruktionen klassifiziert wurden, nimmt im Laufe Jahrzehnten ab
• Das Verhältnis zwischen vorangestellten und nachgestellten temporalen Nebensätzen wird aufgrund der Spontanität der mündlichen Rede zu Gunsten der letzteren ausfallen. Die Korpusstudie wurde mit dem Subkorpus der mündlichen Sprache des National'nyj Korpus Russkogo Jazyka (Nationales Korpus der russischen Sprache) durchgeführt. Weder im gesamten mündlichen Subkorpus noch in seinen größten Abteilung - die Sammlung der privaten Unterhaltungen - wurden Hinweise auf eine Korrelation zwischen der Zahl der CR-Konstruktionen und des Jahres der der Aufnahme gefunden. Der Anteil an vorangestellten temporalen Konstruktionen war sowohl in öffentlichen als auch in nicht-öffentlichen Korpora am größten im Vergleich zu den Nachgestellten. Die Studie lieferte keine Evidenz für die aufgestellten Hypothesen, was auf die Einschränkungen der Korpusstudie, wie zum Beispiel fehlender oder unvollständiger Kontext der Gespräche, fehlende Punktuation und/oder Markierung der Intonation, zurückzuführen ist.
KW  - colloquial Russian
KW  - temporal subordinate clauses
KW  - temporal adjuncts
KW  - Russische Umgangsprache
KW  - temporale Nebensätze
KW  - temporale Adjunkte
KW  - word order
KW  - Wortorder
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558888
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Mertzen, Daniela
T1  - A cross-linguistic investigation of similarity-based interference in sentence comprehension
T1  - Eine cross-linguistische Untersuchung ähnlichkeitsbasierter Interferenz in der Satzverarbeitung
N2  - The aim of this dissertation was to conduct a larger-scale cross-linguistic empirical investigation of similarity-based interference effects in sentence comprehension. 
Interference studies can offer valuable insights into the mechanisms that are involved in long-distance dependency completion. 
Many studies have investigated similarity-based interference effects, showing that syntactic and semantic information are employed during long-distance dependency formation (e.g., Arnett & Wagers, 2017; Cunnings & Sturt, 2018; Van Dyke, 2007, Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003; Van Dyke & McElree, 2011). Nevertheless, there are some important open questions in the interference literature that are critical to our understanding of the constraints involved in dependency resolution. 

The first research question concerns the relative timing of syntactic and semantic interference in online sentence comprehension. Only few interference studies have investigated this question, and, to date, there is not enough data to draw conclusions with regard to their time course (Van Dyke, 2007; Van Dyke & McElree, 2011). 
Our first cross-linguistic study explores the relative timing of syntactic and semantic interference in two eye-tracking reading experiments that implement the study design used in Van Dyke (2007). The first experiment tests English sentences. The second, larger-sample experiment investigates the two interference types in German. 
Overall, the data suggest that syntactic and semantic interference can arise simultaneously during retrieval.

The second research question concerns a special case of semantic interference: We investigate whether cue-based retrieval interference can be caused by semantically similar items which are not embedded in a syntactic structure.
This second interference study builds on a landmark study by Van Dyke & McElree (2006). The study design used in their study is unique in that it is able to pin down the source of interference as a consequence of cue overload during retrieval, when semantic retrieval cues do not uniquely match the retrieval target. Unlike most other interference studies, this design is able to rule out encoding interference as an alternative explanation. Encoding accounts postulate that it is not cue overload at the retrieval site but the erroneous encoding of similar linguistic items in memory that leads to interference (Lewandowsky et al., 2008; Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). While Van Dyke & McElree (2006) reported cue-based retrieval interference from sentence-external distractors, the evidence for this effect was weak. A subsequent study did not show interference of this type (Van Dyke et al., 2014). Given these inconclusive findings, further research is necessary to investigate semantic cue-based retrieval interference.
The second study in this dissertation provides a larger-scale cross-linguistic investigation of cue-based retrieval interference from sentence-external items. Three larger-sample eye-tracking studies in English, German, and Russian tested cue-based interference in the online processing of filler-gap dependencies.  This study further extends the previous research by investigating interference in each language under varying task demands (Logačev & Vasishth, 2016; Swets et al., 2008). 
Overall, we see some very modest support for proactive cue-based retrieval interference in English. Unexpectedly, this was observed only under a low task demand. In German and Russian, there is some evidence against the interference effect. It is possible that interference is attenuated in languages with richer case marking.  

In sum, the cross-linguistic experiments on the time course of syntactic and semantic interference from sentence-internal distractors support existing evidence of syntactic and semantic interference during sentence comprehension. Our data further show that both types of interference effects can arise simultaneously. Our cross-linguistic experiments investigating semantic cue-based retrieval interference from sentence-external distractors suggest that this type of interference may arise only in specific linguistic contexts.
N2  - Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, eine größer-angelegte, sprachübergreifende, empirische Untersuchung von Interferenzeffekten beim Satzverstehen durchzuführen. 
Interferenzstudien bieten wertvolle Einblicke in die Mechanismen, die während der Satzverarbeitung, insbesondere bei der Bildung von nicht-lokalen Dependenzen eine Rolle spielen. 
Studien zu ähnlichkeitsbasierten Interferenzeffekten haben gezeigt, dass syntaktische und semantische Informationen bei der Bildung von nicht-lokalen Dependenzen verwendet werden (z. B. Arnett & Wagers, 2017; Cunnings & Sturt, 2018; Van Dyke, 2007, Van Dyke & Lewis, 2003; Van Dyke & McElree, 2011). Dennoch bleiben in der Interferenzliteratur einige wichtige Fragen unbeantwortet, die für unser Verständnis der Satzverarbeitungsmechanismen von Bedeutung sind. 

Die erste Forschungsfrage betrifft den zeitlichen Ablauf syntaktischer und semantischer Interferenz während des Satzverstehens. Nur wenige Interferenzstudien haben diese Frage untersucht, jedoch sind aktuell nicht genügend Daten vorhanden, um Schlussfolgerungen bezüglich des zeitlichen Verlaufs zu ziehen (Van Dyke, 2007; Van Dyke & McElree, 2011). 
Die erste sprachübergreifende Studie in dieser Dissertation untersucht den zeitlichen Ablauf von syntaktischer und semantischer Interferenz mithilfe zweier Eyetracking-Leseexperimente. Diese nutzen das von Van Dyke (2007) implementierte Studiendesign. Das erste Experiment testet englische Sätze. Das zweite Experiment, welches eine größere Stichprobe untersucht, testet Interferenzeffekte im Deutschen. 
Insgesamt deuten die Daten darauf hin, dass syntaktische und semantische Interferenzeffekte zeitgleich auftreten können.

Die zweite Forschungsfrage untersucht einen Spezialfall der semantischen Interferenz: Es wird untersucht, ob cue-abhängige Abrufinterferenz durch Items verursacht werden kann, die nicht in die syntaktische Struktur eingebettet sind.
Diese zweite Interferenzstudie nutzt das Studiendesign von Van Dyke & McElree (2006), welches in der Lage ist, die Quelle der Interferenzeffekte als Folge von “cue overload” zu bestimmen, d.h., wenn semantische cues während des Abrufs aus dem Gedächtnis nicht eindeutig mit dem Zielwort übereinstimmen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Interferenzstudien kann dieses Design Enkodierungsinterferenz als alternative Erklärung ausschließen. Enkodierungsansätze nehmen an, dass nicht ein “cue overload”, sondern eine fehlerhafte Kodierung ähnlicher Items im Gedächtnis Interferenz zur Folge hat (Lewandowsky et al., 2008; Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). 
Obwohl die Van Dyke & McElree (2006) Studie angibt, cue-basierte Interferenz zu beobachten, ist die Evidenz für diesen Effekt schwach. Eine Folgestudie findet keine Evidenz für Interferenzeffekte dieser Art (Van Dyke et al., 2014). Die nicht eindeutigen Ergebnisse erfordern weitere Untersuchungen semantischer cue-basierter Interferenz.

Die zweite Studie in dieser Dissertation untersucht cue-basierte Interferenzeffekte durch Items, die nicht in die syntaktische Struktur eingebettet sind. Drei Eyetracking-Studien, im Englischen, Deutschen und Russischen, untersuchen cue-basierte Interferenz während der Verarbeitung von “filler-gap” Dependenzen.  Diese Studie ergänzt bisherige Studien, indem sie Interferenz in mehreren Sprachen sowie unter unterschiedlich komplexen Aufgabenanforderungen untersucht (Logačev & Vasishth, 2016; Swets et al., 2008). 
Insgesamt zeigen die Daten nur sehr schwache Evidenz für cue-basierte Interferenz im Englischen, und ausschließlich unter wenig komplexen Aufgabenanforderungen. 
Im Deutschen und Russischen sprechen die Daten gegen einen Interferenzeffekt, was darauf hinweisen könnte, dass Interferenzeffekte in Sprachen mit reicher Kasusmarkierung nur abgeschwächt vorzufinden sind.  

Insgesamt zeigen die sprachübergreifenden Experimente zum zeitlichen Verlauf syntaktischer und semantischer Interferenz durch satz-interne Items, dass beide Arten von Interferenzeffekten gleichzeitig auftreten können. Unsere sprachübergreifenden Experimente zur Untersuchung semantischer Interferenzen durch satz-externe Items deuten darauf hin, dass diese Art von Interferenz nur kontextspezifisch auftritt.
KW  - psycholinguistics
KW  - sentence processing
KW  - cue-based retrieval
KW  - similarity-based interference
KW  - eye-tracking
KW  - Psycholinguistik
KW  - Satzverarbeitung
KW  - Cue-abhängiger Abruf
KW  - ähnlichkeitsbasierte Gedächtnisinterferenz
KW  - Eye-tracking
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-556685
ER  -