TY - JOUR A1 - Boers, Niklas A1 - Goswami, Bedartha A1 - Ghil, Michael T1 - A complete representation of uncertainties in layer-counted paleoclimatic archives JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Accurate time series representation of paleoclimatic proxy records is challenging because such records involve dating errors in addition to proxy measurement errors. Rigorous attention is rarely given to age uncertainties in paleoclimatic research, although the latter can severely bias the results of proxy record analysis. Here, we introduce a Bayesian approach to represent layer-counted proxy records - such as ice cores, sediments, corals, or tree rings - as sequences of probability distributions on absolute, error-free time axes. The method accounts for both proxy measurement errors and uncertainties arising from layer-counting-based dating of the records. An application to oxygen isotope ratios from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) record reveals that the counting errors, although seemingly small, lead to substantial uncertainties in the final representation of the oxygen isotope ratios. In particular, for the older parts of the NGRIP record, our results show that the total uncertainty originating from dating errors has been seriously underestimated. Our method is next applied to deriving the overall uncertainties of the Suigetsu radiocarbon comparison curve, which was recently obtained from varved sediment cores at Lake Suigetsu, Japan. This curve provides the only terrestrial radiocarbon comparison for the time interval 12.5-52.8 kyr BP. The uncertainties derived here can be readily employed to obtain complete error estimates for arbitrary radiometrically dated proxy records of this recent part of the last glacial interval. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1169-2017 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 13 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rach, Oliver A1 - Engels, S. A1 - Kahmen, A. A1 - Brauer, Achim A1 - Martin-Puertas, C. A1 - van Geel, B. A1 - Sachse, Dirk T1 - Hydrological and ecological changes in western Europe between 3200 and 2000 years BP derived from lipid biomarker delta D values in lake Meerfelder Maar sediments JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - One of the most significant Late Holocene climate shifts occurred around 2800 years ago, when cooler and wetter climate conditions established in western Europe. This shift coincided with an abrupt change in regional atmospheric circulation between 2760 and 2560 cal years BP, which has been linked to a grand solar minimum with the same duration (the Homeric Minimum). We investigated the temporal sequence of hydroclimatic and vegetation changes across this interval of climatic change (Homeric climate oscillation) by using lipid biomarker stable hydrogen isotope ratios (ED values) and pollen assemblages from the annually-laminated sediment record from lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany). Over the investigated interval (3200-2000 varve years BP), terrestrial lipid biomarker ED showed a gradual trend to more negative values, consistent with the western Europe long-term climate trend of the Late Holocene. At ca. 2640 varve years BP we identified a strong increase in aquatic plants and algal remains, indicating a rapid change in the aquatic ecosystem superimposed on this long-term trend. Interestingly, this aquatic ecosystem change was accompanied by large changes in ED values of aquatic lipid biomarkers, such as nC(21) and nC(23) (by between 22 and 30%(0)). As these variations cannot solely be explained by hydroclimate changes, we suggest that these changes in the Wag value were influenced by changes in n-alkane source organisms. Our results illustrate that if ubiquitous aquatic lipid biomarkers are derived from a limited pool of organisms, changes in lake ecology can be a driving factor for variations on sedimentary lipid MN values, which then could be easily misinterpreted in terms of hydro climatic changes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Holocene KW - Climate dynamics KW - Paleoclimatology KW - Western Europe KW - Continental biomarkers KW - Organic geochemistry KW - Stable isotopes KW - Vegetation dynamics Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.019 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 172 SP - 44 EP - 54 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caetano, Daniel L. Z. A1 - de Carvalho, Sidney J. A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. T1 - Critical adsorption of periodic and random polyampholytes onto charged surfaces JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - How different are the properties of critical adsorption of polyampholytes and polyelectrolytes onto charged surfaces? How important are the details of polyampholyte charge distribution on the onset of critical adsorption transition? What are the scaling relations governing the dependence of critical surface charge density on salt concentration in the surrounding solution? Here, we employ Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations and uncover the scaling relations for critical adsorption for quenched periodic and random charge distributions along the polyampholyte chains. We also evaluate and discuss the dependence of the adsorbed layer width on solution salinity and details of the charge distribution. We contrast our findings to the known results for polyelectrolyte adsorption onto oppositely charged surfaces, in particular, their dependence on electrolyte concentration. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04040g SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 SP - 23397 EP - 23413 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muench, Thomas A1 - Kipfstuhl, Sepp A1 - Freitag, Johannes A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Laepple, Thomas T1 - Constraints on post-depositional isotope modifications in East Antarctic firn from analysing temporal changes of isotope profiles JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - The isotopic composition of water in ice sheets is extensively used to infer past climate changes. In low-accumulation regions their interpretation is, however, challenged by poorly constrained effects that may influence the initial isotope signal during and after deposition of the snow. This is reflected in snow-pit isotope data from Kohnen Station, Antarctica, which exhibit a seasonal cycle but also strong interannual variations that contradict local temperature observations. These inconsistencies persist even after averaging many profiles and are thus not explained by local stratigraphic noise. Previous studies have suggested that post-depositional processes may significantly influence the isotopic composition of East Antarctic firn. Here, we investigate the importance of post-depositional processes within the open-porous firn (greater than or similar to 10 cm depth) at Kohnen Station by separating spatial from temporal variability. To this end, we analyse 22 isotope profiles obtained from two snow trenches and examine the temporal isotope modifications by comparing the new data with published trench data extracted 2 years earlier. The initial isotope profiles undergo changes over time due to downward advection, firn diffusion and densification in magnitudes consistent with independent estimates. Beyond that, we find further modifications of the original isotope record to be unlikely or small in magnitude (<< 1 parts per thousand RMSD). These results show that the discrepancy between local temperatures and isotopes most likely originates from spatially coherent processes prior to or during deposition, such as precipitation intermittency or systematic isotope modifications acting on drifting or loose surface snow. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2175-2017 SN - 1994-0416 SN - 1994-0424 VL - 11 SP - 2175 EP - 2188 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubey, Michael A1 - Brune, Sascha A1 - Heine, Christian A1 - Davies, D. Rhodri A1 - Williams, Simon E. A1 - Müller, R. Dietmar T1 - role of subducted slabs JF - Solid earth Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-899-2017 SN - 1869-9510 SN - 1869-9529 VL - 8 SP - 899 EP - 919 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starkenburg, Else A1 - Martin, Nicolas A1 - Youakim, Kris A1 - Aguado, David S. A1 - Allende Prieto, Carlos A1 - Arentsen, Anke A1 - Bernard, Edouard J. A1 - Bonifacio, Piercarlo A1 - Caffau, Elisabetta A1 - Carlberg, Raymond G. A1 - Cote, Patrick A1 - Fouesneau, Morgan A1 - Francois, Patrick A1 - Franke, Oliver A1 - Gonzalez Hernandez, Jonay I. A1 - Gwyn, Stephen D. J. A1 - Hill, Vanessa A1 - Ibata, Rodrigo A. A1 - Jablonka, Pascale A1 - Longeard, Nicolas A1 - McConnachie, Alan W. A1 - Navarro, Julio F. A1 - Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben A1 - Tolstoy, Eline A1 - Venn, Kim A. T1 - The Pristine survey - I. Mining the Galaxy for the most metal-poor stars JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We present the Pristine survey, a new narrow-band photometric survey focused on the metallicity-sensitive Ca H&K lines and conducted in the Northern hemisphere with the wide-field imager MegaCam on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. This paper reviews our overall survey strategy and discusses the data processing and metallicity calibration. Additionally we review the application of these data to the main aims of the survey, which are to gather a large sample of the most metal-poor stars in the Galaxy, to further characterize the faintest Milky Way satellites, and to map the (metal-poor) substructure in the Galactic halo. The current Pristine footprint comprises over 1000 deg(2) in the Galactic halo ranging from b similar to 30 degrees to similar to 78 degrees and covers many known stellar substructures. We demonstrate that, for Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stellar objects, we can calibrate the photometry at the 0.02-mag level. The comparison with existing spectroscopic metallicities from SDSS/Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE) and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope shows that, when combined with SDSS broad-band g and i photometry, we can use the CaHK photometry to infer photometric metallicities with an accuracy of similar to 0.2 dex from [Fe/H] = -0.5 down to the extremely metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] < -3.0). After the removal of various contaminants, we can efficiently select metal-poor stars and build a very complete sample with high purity. The success rate of uncovering [Fe/H](SEGUE) < -3.0 stars among [Fe/H](Pristine) < -3.0 selected stars is 24 per cent, and 85 per cent of the remaining candidates are still very metal poor ([Fe/H]<-2.0). We further demonstrate that Pristine is well suited to identify the very rare and pristine Galactic stars with [Fe/H] < -4.0, which can teach us valuable lessons about the early Universe. KW - stars: abundances KW - Galaxy: abundances KW - Galaxy: evolution KW - Galaxy: formation KW - Galaxy: halo KW - galaxies: dwarf Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1068 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 471 SP - 2587 EP - 2604 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerhard T1 - On trend detection JF - Hydrological processes N2 - A main obstacle to trend detection in time series occurs when they are autocorrelated. By reducing the effective sample size of a series, autocorrelation leads to decreased trend significance. Numerous recipes attempt to mitigate the effect of autocorrelation, either by adjusting for the reduced effective sample size or by removing the autocorrelated components of a series. This short note deals with the latter, also called prewhitening (PW). It is known that removal of autocorrelation also removes part of the trend, which may affect the signal-to-noise ratio. Two popular methods have dealt with this problem, the trend-free prewhitening (TFPW) and the iterative prewhitening. Although it is generally accepted that both methods reduce the adverse effects of PW on the trend magnitude, corresponding effects on statistical significance have not been clearly stated for TFPW. Using a Monte Carlo approach, it is demonstrated that both methods entail quite different Type-I error rates. The iterative prewhitening produces rates that are generally close to the nominal significance level. The TFPW, however, shows very high Type-I error rates with increasing autocorrelation. The corresponding rate of false trend detections is unacceptable for applications, so that published trends based on TFPW need to be reassessed. KW - autocorrelation KW - trend significance KW - Type-I error Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11280 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 31 SP - 4039 EP - 4042 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Erra, Ramon Guevara A1 - Velazquez, Jose L. Perez A1 - Rosenblum, Michael T1 - Neural Synchronization from the Perspective of Non-linear Dynamics T2 - Frontiers in computational neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation KW - brain synchronization KW - non-linear dynamics KW - neural synchonization KW - brain rhythms KW - epilepsy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2017.00098 SN - 1662-5188 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nazarova, Larisa B. A1 - Bleibtreu, Annette A1 - Hoff, Ulrike A1 - Dirksen, Veronika A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard T1 - Changes in temperature and water depth of a small mountain lake during the past 3000 years in Central Kamchatka reflected by a chironomid record JF - Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research N2 - We investigated chironomid assemblages of a well-dated sediment core from a small seepage lake situated at the eastern slope of the Central Kamchatka Mountain Chain, Far East Russia. The chironomid fauna of the investigated Sigrid Lake is dominated by littoral taxa that are sensitive to fluctuations of the water level. Two groups of taxa interchangeably dominate the record responding to the changes in the lake environment during the past 2800 years. The first group of littoral phytophilic taxa includes Psectrocladius sordidellus-type, Corynoneura arctica-type and Dicrotendipes nervosus-type. The abundances of the taxa from this group have the strongest influence on the variations of PCA 1, and these taxa mostly correspond to low water levels, moderate temperatures and slightly acidified conditions. The second group of taxa includes Microtendipes pedellus-type, Tanytarsus lugens-type, and Tanytarsus pallidicornistype. The variations in the abundances of these taxa, and especially of M. pedellus-type, are in accordance with PCA 2 and correspond to the higher water level in the lake, more oligotrophic and neutral pH conditions. Water depths (WD) were reconstructed, using a modern chironomid-based temperature and water depth calibration data set (training set) and inference model from East Siberia (Nazarova et al., 2011). Mean July air temperatures (T July) were inferred using a chironomid-based temperature inference model based on a modern calibration data set for the Far East (Nazarova et al., 2015). The application of transfer functions resulted in reconstructed T July fluctuations of approximately 3 degrees C over the last 2800 years. Low temperatures (11.0-12.0 degrees C) were reconstructed for the periods between ca 1700 and 1500 cal yr BP (corresponding to the Kofun cold stage) and between ca 1200 and 150 cal yr BP (partly corresponding to the Little Ice Age [LIA]). Warm periods (modern T July or higher) were reconstructed for the periods between ca 2700 and 1800 cal yr BP, 1500 and 1300 cal yr BP and after 150 cal yr BP. WD reconstruction revealed that the lake level was lower than its present level at the beginning of the record between ca 2600 and 2300 cal yr BP and ca 550 cal yr BP. Between ca 2300 and 700 cal yr BP as well as between 450 and 150 cal yr BP, the lake level was higher than it is today, most probably reflecting more humid conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. KW - Kamchatka KW - Chironomids KW - Palaeoclimate KW - Late Holocene KW - Temperature KW - Water depth Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.008 SN - 1040-6182 SN - 1873-4553 VL - 447 SP - 46 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thamm, Markus A1 - Scholl, Christina A1 - Reim, Tina A1 - Gruebel, Kornelia A1 - Moeller, Karin A1 - Rossler, Wolfgang A1 - Scheiner, Ricarda T1 - Neuronal distribution of tyramine and the tyramine receptor AmTAR1 in the honeybee brain JF - The journal of comparative neurology N2 - Tyramine is an important neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in insects. In honeybees, it is assumed to have functions in modulating sensory responsiveness and controlling motor behavior. Tyramine can bind to two characterized receptors in honeybees, both of which are coupled to intracellular cAMP pathways. How tyramine acts on neuronal, cellular and circuit levels is unclear. We investigated the spatial brain expression of the tyramine receptor AmTAR1 using a specific antibody. This antibody detects a membrane protein of the expected molecular weight in western blot analysis. In honeybee brains, it labels different structures which process sensory information. Labeling along the antennal nerve, in projections of the dorsal lobe and in the gnathal ganglion suggest that tyramine receptors are involved in modulating gustatory and tactile perception. Furthermore, the ellipsoid body of the central complex and giant synapses in the lateral complex show AmTAR1-like immunoreactivity (AmTAR1-IR), suggesting a role of this receptor in modulating sky-compass information and/or higher sensor-motor control. Additionally, intense signals derive from the mushroom bodies, higher-order integration centers for olfactory, visual, gustatory and tactile information. To investigate whether AmTAR1-expressing brain structures are in vicinity to tyramine releasing sites, a specific tyramine antibody was applied. Tyramine-like labeling was observed in AmTAR1-IR positive structures, although it was sometimes weak and we did not always find a direct match of ligand and receptor. Moreover, tyramine-like immunoreactivity was also found in brain regions without AmTAR1-IR (optic lobes, antennal lobes), indicating that other tyramine-specific receptors may be expressed there. KW - antibody KW - biogenic amines KW - G-protein coupled receptor KW - honeybee KW - tyramine Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24228 SN - 0021-9967 SN - 1096-9861 VL - 525 SP - 2615 EP - 2631 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arora, Ashima A1 - Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad A1 - Sandig, Oliver A1 - Luo, Chen A1 - Uenal, Ahmet A. A1 - Radu, Florin A1 - Valencia, Sergio A1 - Kronast, Florian T1 - Spatially resolved investigation of all optical magnetization switching in TbFe alloys JF - Scientific reports N2 - Optical control of magnetization using femtosecond laser without applying any external magnetic field offers the advantage of switching magnetic states at ultrashort time scales. Recently, all-optical helicity-dependent switching (AO-HDS) has drawn a significant attention for potential information and data storage device applications. In this work, we employ element and magnetization sensitive photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) to investigate the role of heating in AO-HDS for thin films of the rare-earth transition-metal alloy TbFe. Spatially resolved measurements in a 3–5 μm sized stationary laser spot demonstrate that AO-HDS is a local phenomenon in the vicinity of thermal demagnetization in a ‘ring’ shaped region. The efficiency of AO-HDS further depends on a local temperature profile around the demagnetized region and thermally activated domain wall motion. We also demonstrate that the thickness of the film determines the preferential switching direction for a particular helicity. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09615-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeng, Ting A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Fourmond, Vincent T1 - Transient Catalytic Voltammetry of Sulfite Oxidase Reveals Rate Limiting Conformational Changes JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society N2 - Sulfite oxidases are metalloenzymes that oxidize sulfite to sulfate at a molybdenum active site. In vertebrate sulfite oxidases, the electrons generated at the Mo center are transferred to an external electron acceptor via a heme domain, which can adopt two conformations: a “closed” conformation, suitable for internal electron transfer, and an “open” conformation suitable for intermolecular electron transfer. This conformational change is an integral part of the catalytic cycle. Sulfite oxidases have been wired to electrode surfaces, but their immobilization leads to a significant decrease in their catalytic activity, raising the question of the occurrence of the conformational change when the enzyme is on an electrode. We recorded and quantitatively modeled for the first time the transient response of the catalytic cycle of human sulfite oxidase immobilized on an electrode. We show that conformational changes still occur on the electrode, but at a lower rate than in solution, which is the reason for the decrease in activity of sulfite oxidases upon immobilization. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05480 SN - 0002-7863 VL - 139 SP - 11559 EP - 11567 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mor, Selene A1 - Herzog, Marc A1 - Golez, Denis A1 - Werner, Philipp A1 - Eckstein, Martin A1 - Katayama, Naoyuki A1 - Nohara, Minoru A1 - Takagi, Hide A1 - Mizokawa, Takashi A1 - Monney, Claude A1 - Staehler, Julia T1 - Ultrafast Electronic Band Gap Control in an Excitonic Insulator JF - Physical review letters N2 - We report on the nonequilibrium dynamics of the electronic structure of the layered semiconductor Ta2NiSe5 investigated by time-and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that below the critical excitation density of F-C = 0.2 mJ cm(-2), the band gap narrows transiently, while it is enhanced above FC. Hartree-Fock calculations reveal that this effect can be explained by the presence of the low-temperature excitonic insulator phase of Ta2NiSe5, whose order parameter is connected to the gap size. This work demonstrates the ability to manipulate the band gap of Ta2NiSe5 with light on the femtosecond time scale. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.086401 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 119 SP - 11559 EP - 11567 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ninaus, Manuel A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Kaufmann, Liane A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Nuerk, Hans-Christoph A1 - Wood, Guilherme T1 - Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Directional and Non-directional Spatial-Numerical Associations across the Lifespan JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - There is accumulating evidence suggesting an association of numbers with physical space. However, the origin of such spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) is still debated. In the present study we investigated the development of two SNAs in a cross-sectional study involving children, young and middle-aged adults as well as the elderly: (1) the SNARC (spatial-numerical association of response codes) effect, reflecting a directional SNA; and (2) the numerical bisection bias in a line bisection task with numerical flankers. Results revealed a consistent SNARC effect in all age groups that continuously increased with age. In contrast, a numerical bisection bias was only observed for children and elderly participants, implying an U-shaped distribution of this bias across age groups. Additionally, individual SNARC effects and numerical bisection biases did not correlate significantly. We argue that the SNARC effect seems to be influenced by longer-lasting experiences of cultural constraints such as reading and writing direction and may thus reflect embodied representations. Contrarily, the numerical bisection bias may originate from insufficient inhibition of the semantic influence of irrelevant numerical flankers, which should be more pronounced in children and elderly people due to development and decline of cognitive control, respectively. As there is an ongoing debate on the origins of SNAs in general and the SNARC effect in particular, the present results are discussed in light of these differing accounts in an integrative approach. However, taken together, the present pattern of results suggests that different cognitive mechanisms underlie the SNARC effect and the numerical bisection bias. KW - SNARC effect KW - spatial-numerical bias KW - line bisection task KW - cognitive development KW - aging Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01421 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Negi, Sanjay S. A1 - Paul, Ajay A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Kamal, A1 - Kriegerowski, Marius A1 - Mahesh, P. A1 - Gupta, Sandeep T1 - Crustal velocity structure and earthquake processes of Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya: Constraints from regional waveform inversion and array beam modeling JF - Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth N2 - In order to understand present day earthquake kinematics at the Indian plate boundary, we analyse seismic broadband data recorded between 2007 and 2015 by the regional network in the Garhwal-Kumaun region, northwest Himalaya. We first estimate a local 1-D velocity model for the computation of reliable Green's functions, based on 2837 P-wave and 2680 S-wave arrivals from 251 well located earthquakes. The resulting 1-D crustal structure yields a 4-layer velocity model down to the depths of 20 km. A fifth homogeneous layer extends down to 46 km, constraining the Moho using travel-time distance curve method. We then employ a multistep moment tensor (MT) inversion algorithm to infer seismic moment tensors of 11 moderate earthquakes with Mw magnitude in the range 4.0–5.0. The method provides a fast MT inversion for future monitoring of local seismicity, since Green's functions database has been prepared. To further support the moment tensor solutions, we additionally model P phase beams at seismic arrays at teleseismic distances. The MT inversion result reveals the presence of dominant thrust fault kinematics persisting along the Himalayan belt. Shallow low and high angle thrust faulting is the dominating mechanism in the Garhwal-Kumaun Himalaya. The centroid depths for these moderate earthquakes are shallow between 1 and 12 km. The beam modeling result confirm hypocentral depth estimates between 1 and 7 km. The updated seismicity, constrained source mechanism and depth results indicate typical setting of duplexes above the mid crustal ramp where slip is confirmed along out-of-sequence thrusting. The involvement of Tons thrust sheet in out-of-sequence thrusting indicate Tons thrust to be the principal active thrust at shallow depth in the Himalayan region. Our results thus support the critical taper wedge theory, where we infer the microseismicity cluster as a result of intense activity within the Lesser Himalayan Duplex (LHD) system. KW - Critical taper wedge KW - Lesser Himalayan Duplex KW - Out-of-sequence thrust Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.007 SN - 0040-1951 SN - 1879-3266 VL - 712 SP - 45 EP - 63 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goetz, Klaus-Peter A1 - Chmielewski, Frank M. A1 - Goedeke, Kristin A1 - Wolf, Kristine A1 - Jander, Elisabeth A1 - Sievers, Steven A1 - Homann, Thomas A1 - Huschek, Gerd A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal T1 - Assessment of amino acids during winter rest and ontogenetic development in sweet cherry buds (Prunus avium. L.) JF - Scientia horticulturae : an international journal sponsored by the International Society for Horticultural Science N2 - This study examined changes in sweet cherry buds of ‘Summit’ cultivar in four seasons (2011/12–2014/15) with respect to the nitrogen (N) content and the profile of eight free amino acids (asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), isoleucine (Ile), glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), alanine (Ala), histidine (His)). The presented results are to our knowledge the first under natural conditions in fruit tree orchards with a high temporal resolution from the dormant stage until cluster development. The N content in the buds from October, during endo- and ecodormancy until the beginning of ontogenetic development was a relatively stable parameter in each of the four seasons. The N accumulation into the buds began after ‘swollen bud’ and significant differences were visible at ‘green tip’ with an N content of 3.24, 3.12, 3.08, 2.40 which increased markedly to the mean of ‘tight’ and ‘open cluster’ by 3.77%, 3.78%, 3.44% and 3.10% in 2012–2015, respectively. In the buds, levels of asparagine were higher (up to 44 mg g−1 DW−1) than aspartic acid (up to 2 mg g−1 DW−1) and aspartic acid higher than isoleucine (up to 0.83 mg g−1 DW−1). Levels of glutamine were higher (up to 25 mg g−1 DW−1) than glutamic acid (up to 20 mg g−1 DW−1). The course of the arginine content was higher in 2011/12 compared to 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed only slight differences. The alanine content in the buds was denoted in the four seasons only by relatively minor changes. The histidine content was higher in 2011/12 and 2012/13 compared to 2013/14 and 2014/15 which showed a comparable pattern. For 6 amino acids (Asn, Asp, Ile, Glu, Arg, Ala), the highest content was observed in 2012/13, the warmest period between swollen bud and open cluster. However in 2014/15, the season with the lowest mean temperature of 8.8 °C, only the content of Gln was the lowest. It was not possible to explain any seasonal differences in the amino acid content by environmental factors (air temperature) on the basis of few seasons. From none of the measured free amino acids could a clear determination of the date of endodormancy release (t1) or the beginning of the ontogenetic development (t1*) be derived. Therefore, these amino acids are no suitable markers to improve phenological models for the beginning of cherry blossom. KW - Amino acids KW - Flower buds KW - Prunus avium L. KW - Dormancy KW - Ontogenetic development Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.001 SN - 0304-4238 SN - 1879-1018 VL - 222 SP - 102 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Baumeister, Sarah A1 - Wolf, Isabella A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Association between pubertal stage at first drink and neural reward processing in early adulthood JF - Addiction biology N2 - Puberty is a critical time period during human development. It is characterized by high levels of risk-taking behavior, such as increased alcohol consumption, and is accompanied by various neurobiological changes. Recent studies in animals and humans have revealed that the pubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) significantly impacts drinking behavior in adulthood. Moreover, neuronal alterations of the dopaminergic reward system have been associated with alcohol abuse or addiction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of PSFD on neuronal characteristics of reward processing linked to alcohol-related problems. One hundred sixty-eight healthy young adults from a prospective study covering 25 years participated in a monetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. PSFD was determined according to the age at menarche or Tanner stage of pubertal development, respectively. Alcohol-related problems in early adulthood were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). During reward anticipation, decreased fMRI activation of the frontal cortex and increased preparatory EEG activity (contingent negative variation) occurred with pubertal compared to postpubertal first alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol-related problems during early adulthood were increased in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners, which was mediated by neuronal activation of the right medial frontal gyrus. At reward delivery, increased fMRI activation of the left caudate and higher feedback-related EEG negativity were detected in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners. Together with animal findings, these results implicate PSFD as a potential modulator of psychopathology, involving altered reward anticipation. Both PSFD timing and reward processing might thus be potential targets for early prevention and intervention. KW - alcohol-related problems KW - electroencephalography KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging KW - puberty KW - reward processing Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12413 SN - 1355-6215 SN - 1369-1600 VL - 22 SP - 1402 EP - 1415 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Witt, Barbara A1 - Meyer, Sören A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Francesconi, Kevin A. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - Toxicity of two classes of arsenolipids and their water-soluble metabolites in human differentiated neurons JF - Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX N2 - Arsenolipids are lipid-soluble organoarsenic compounds, mainly occurring in marine organisms, with arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs) and arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) representing two major subgroups. Recently, toxicity studies of several arsenolipids showed a high cytotoxic potential of those arsenolipids in human liver and bladder cells. Furthermore, feeding studies with Drosophila melanogaster indicated an accumulation of arsenolipids in the fruit fly’s brain. In this study, the neurotoxic potential of three AsHCs, two AsFAs and three metabolites (dimethylarsinic acid, thio/oxo-dimethylarsenopropanoic acid) was investigated in comparison to the toxic reference arsenite (iAsIII) in fully differentiated human brain cells (LUHMES cells). Thereby, in the case of AsHCs both the cell number and cell viability were reduced in a low micromolar concentration range comparable to iAsIII, while AsFAs and the applied metabolites were less toxic. Mechanistic studies revealed that AsHCs reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas neither iAsIII nor AsFAs had an impact. Furthermore, neurotoxic mechanisms were investigated by examining the neuronal network. Here, AsHCs massively disturbed the neuronal network and induced apoptotic effects, while iAsIII and AsFAs showed comparatively lesser effects. Taking into account the substantial in vitro neurotoxic potential of the AsHCs and the fact that they could transfer across the physiological barriers of the brain, a neurotoxic potential in vivo for the AsHCs cannot be excluded and needs to be urgently characterized. KW - Arsenolipids KW - Neurons KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Arsenic-containing hydrocarbons KW - Arsenic-containing fatty acids Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-1933-x SN - 0340-5761 SN - 1432-0738 VL - 91 SP - 3121 EP - 3134 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eggers, Fabian A1 - Lovelace, Kathi J. A1 - Kraft, Frederik T1 - Fostering creativity through critical thinking: The case of business start-up simulations JF - Creativity and innovation management N2 - Research suggests a positive link between critical thinking and creativity. However, this relationship has not been measured in an empirical study. This study aims to explore whether critical thinking can serve to enhance creativity and whether creativity positively mediates the relationship between critical thinking and business performance. In this study, we analyse these relationships within the entrepreneurial context of a web-based business start-up simulation. We examined data from 26 teams of three to four senior business students and found partial support for our hypotheses. Critical thinking positively influenced creativity, measured as the total number of unique product designs. Creativity (unique product designs) also positively mediated the link between critical thinking and performance. This effect, however, did not exist when creativity was assessed through advertisement designs. This research contributes to entrepreneurship and innovation management by demonstrating the importance of critical thinking as a basis for creativity and testing this relationship in a business start-up simulation context. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12225 SN - 0963-1690 SN - 1467-8691 VL - 26 SP - 266 EP - 276 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Shared function and moonlighting proteins in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis JF - Biological chemistry N2 - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a highly conserved pathway in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The molybdenum atom in Moco-containing enzymes is coordinated to the dithiolene group of a tricyclic pyranopterin monophosphate cofactor. The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three conserved steps, with a fourth present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of molybdopterin (MPT), (3) insertion of molybdenum into MPT to form Mo-MPT, and (4) additional modification of Mo-MPT in bacteria with the attachment of a GMP or CMP nucleotide, forming the dinucleotide variants of Moco. While the proteins involved in the catalytic reaction of each step of Moco biosynthesis are highly conserved among the Phyla, a surprising link to other cellular pathways has been identified by recent discoveries. In particular, the pathways for FeS cluster assembly and thio-modifications of tRNA are connected to Moco biosynthesis by sharing the same protein components. Further, proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis are not only shared with other pathways, but additionally have moonlighting roles. This review gives an overview of Moco biosynthesis in bacteria and humans and highlights the shared function and moonlighting roles of the participating proteins. KW - FeS cluster KW - molybdenum cofactor KW - molybdo-enzymes KW - moonlighting KW - sulfur transfer KW - tRNA thiolation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2017-0110 SN - 1431-6730 SN - 1437-4315 VL - 398 SP - 1009 EP - 1026 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markovic, Danijela A1 - Carrizo, Savrina F. A1 - Kaercher, Oskar A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - David, Jonathan N. W. T1 - Vulnerability of European freshwater catchments to climate change JF - Global change biology N2 - Climate change is expected to exacerbate the current threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet multifaceted studies on the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater biodiversity at scales that inform management planning are lacking. The aim of this study was to fill this void through the development of a novel framework for assessing climate change vulnerability tailored to freshwater ecosystems. The three dimensions of climate change vulnerability are as follows: (i) exposure to climate change, (ii) sensitivity to altered environmental conditions and (iii) resilience potential. Our vulnerability framework includes 1685 freshwater species of plants, fishes, molluscs, odonates, amphibians, crayfish and turtles alongside key features within and between catchments, such as topography and connectivity. Several methodologies were used to combine these dimensions across a variety of future climate change models and scenarios. The resulting indices were overlaid to assess the vulnerability of European freshwater ecosystems at the catchment scale (18 783 catchments). The Balkan Lakes Ohrid and Prespa and Mediterranean islands emerge as most vulnerable to climate change. For the 2030s, we showed a consensus among the applied methods whereby up to 573 lake and river catchments are highly vulnerable to climate change. The anthropogenic disruption of hydrological habitat connectivity by dams is the major factor reducing climate change resilience. A gap analysis demonstrated that the current European protected area network covers <25% of the most vulnerable catchments. Practical steps need to be taken to ensure the persistence of freshwater biodiversity under climate change. Priority should be placed on enhancing stakeholder cooperation at the major basin scale towards preventing further degradation of freshwater ecosystems and maintaining connectivity among catchments. The catchments identified as most vulnerable to climate change provide preliminary targets for development of climate change conservation management and mitigation strategies. KW - catchment connectivity KW - climate change KW - exposure KW - freshwater biodiversity KW - gap analysis KW - resilience KW - sensitivity KW - vulnerability Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13657 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 23 SP - 3567 EP - 3580 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goerg, Marlena A1 - Ploch, Sebastian A1 - Kruse, Julia A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Runge, Fabian A1 - Choi, Young-Joon A1 - Thines, Marco T1 - Revision of Plasmopara (Oomycota, Peronosporales) parasitic to Impatiens JF - Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society N2 - The oomycete Plasmopara obducens was first described on wild Impatiens noli-tangere in Germany in 1877. About 125 years later the first occurrence of P. obducens on cultivated I. walleriana in the United Kingdom was reported, and a worldwide epidemic followed. Although this pathogen is a major threat for ornamental busy lizzy, the identity of the pathogen remained unconfirmed and the high host specificity observed for the genus Plasmopara cast doubts regarding its determination as P. obducens. In this study, using multigene phylogenies and morphological investigation, it is revealed that P. obducens on I. noli-tangere is not the conspecific with the pathogen affecting I. walleriana and another ornamental balsam, I. balsamina. As a consequence, the new names P. destructor and P. velutina are introduced for the pathogens of I. walleriana and I. balsamina, respectively. KW - Busy lizzy KW - Downy mildew KW - Horticulture KW - Lady slipper balsam KW - New species KW - Peronosporaceae KW - Taxonomy KW - Touch-me-not Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1316-y SN - 1617-416X SN - 1861-8952 VL - 16 SP - 791 EP - 799 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Egholm, David L. A1 - Jansen, John D. A1 - Braedstrup, Christian F. A1 - Pedersen, Vivi K. A1 - Andersen, Jane Lund A1 - Ugelvig, Sofie V. A1 - Larsen, Nicolaj K. A1 - Knudsen, Mads F. T1 - Formation of plateau landscapes on glaciated continental margins JF - Nature geoscience N2 - Low-relief plateaus separated by deeply incised fjords are hallmarks of glaciated, passive continental margins. Spectacular examples fringe the once ice-covered North Atlantic coasts of Greenland, Norway and Canada, but low-relief plateau landscapes also underlie present-day ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland. Dissected plateaus have long been viewed as the outcome of selective linear erosion by ice sheets that focus incision in glacial troughs, leaving the intervening landscapes essentially unaffected. According to this hypothesis, the plateaus are remnants of preglacial low-relief topography. However, here we use computational experiments to show that, like fjords, plateaus are emergent properties of long-term ice-sheet erosion. Ice sheets can either increase or decrease subglacial relief depending on the wavelength of the underlying topography, and plateau topography arises dynamically from evolving feedbacks between topography, ice dynamics and erosion over million-year timescales. This new mechanistic explanation for plateau formation opens the possibility of plateaus contributing significantly to accelerated sediment flux at the onset of the late Cenozoic glaciations, before becoming stable later in the Quaternary. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2980 SN - 1752-0894 SN - 1752-0908 VL - 10 SP - 592 EP - + PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Finger posing primes number comprehension JF - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science N2 - Canonical finger postures, as used in counting, activate number knowledge, but the exact mechanism for this priming effect is unclear. Here we dissociated effects of visual versus motor priming of number concepts. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed either to pictures of canonical finger postures (visual priming) or actively produced the same finger postures (motor priming) and then used foot responses to rapidly classify auditory numbers (targets) as smaller or larger than 5. Classification times revealed that manually adopted but not visually perceived postures primed magnitude classifications. Experiment 2 obtained motor priming of number processing through finger postures also with vocal responses. Priming only occurred through canonical and not through non-canonical finger postures. Together, these results provide clear evidence for motor priming of number knowledge. Relative contributions of vision and action for embodied numerical cognition and the importance of canonicity of postures are discussed. KW - Embodied cognition KW - Finger counting KW - Numerical cognition KW - Priming Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0804-y SN - 1612-4782 SN - 1612-4790 VL - 18 SP - 237 EP - 248 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yoon, P. H. A1 - Lopez, R. A. A1 - Vafin, Sergei A1 - Kim, S. A1 - Schlickeiser, R. T1 - Spontaneous emission of Alfvenic fluctuations JF - Plasma physics and controlled fusion N2 - Low-frequency fluctuations are pervasively observed in the solar wind. The present paper theoretically calculates the steady state spectra of low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) fluctuations of the Alfvenic type for thermal equilibrium plasma. The analysis is based upon a recently formulated theory of spontaneously emitted EM fluctuations in magnetized thermal plasmas. It is found that the fluctuations in the magnetosonic mode branch is constant, while the kinetic Alfvenic mode spectrum is dependent on a form factor that is a function of perpendicular wave number. Potential applicability of the present work in the wider context of heliospheric research is also discussed. KW - spontaneous emission KW - kinetic Alfven KW - magnetosonic Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa77c3 SN - 0741-3335 SN - 1361-6587 VL - 59 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neill, Christopher A1 - Jankowski, KathiJo A1 - Brando, Paulo M. A1 - Coe, Michael T. A1 - Deegan, Linda A. A1 - Macedo, Marcia N. A1 - Riskin, Shelby H. A1 - Porder, Stephen A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - Krusche, Alex V. T1 - Surprisingly Modest Water Quality Impacts From Expansion and Intensification of Large-Sscale Commercial Agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon-Cerrado Region JF - Tropical conservation science N2 - Large-scale commercial cropping of soybeans expanded in the tropical Amazon and Cerrado biomes of Brazil after 1990. More recently, cropping intensified from single-cropping of soybeans to double-cropping of soybeans with corn or cotton. Cropland expansion and intensification, and the accompanying use of mineral fertilizers, raise concerns about whether nutrient runoff and impacts to surface waters will be similar to those experienced in commercial cropland regions at temperate latitudes. We quantified water infiltration through soils, water yield, and streamwater chemistry in watersheds draining native tropical forest and single-and double-cropped areas on the level, deep, highly weathered soils where cropland expansion and intensification typically occurs. Although water yield increased four-fold from croplands, streamwater chemistry remained largely unchanged. Soil characteristics exerted important control over the movement of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into streams. High soil infiltration rates prevented surface erosion and movement of particulate P, while P fixation in surface soils restricted P movement to deeper soil layers. Nitrogen retention in deep soils, likely by anion exchange, also appeared to limit N leaching and export in streamwater from both single-and double-cropped watersheds that received nitrogen fertilizer. These mechanisms led to lower streamwater P and N concentrations and lower watershed N and P export than would be expected, based on studies from temperate croplands with similar cropping and fertilizer application practices. KW - water KW - quality KW - agriculture KW - intensification KW - impact Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917720669 SN - 1940-0829 VL - 10 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bühning, Martin A1 - Friemel, Martin A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Functional Complementation Studies Reveal Different Interaction Partners of Escherichia coil IscS and Human NFS1 JF - Biochemistry N2 - The trafficking and delivery of sulfur to cofactors and nucleosides is a highly regulated and conserved process among all organisms. All sulfur transfer pathways generally have an L-cysteine desulfurase as an initial sulfur mobilizing enzyme in common, which serves as a sulfur donor for the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing biomolecules like iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, thiamine, biotin, lipoic acid, the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), and thiolated nucleosides in tRNA. The human L-cysteine desulfurase NFS1 and the Escherichia coli homologue IscS share a level of amino acid sequence identity of similar to 60%. While E. coli IscS has a versatile role in the cell and was shown to have numerous interaction partners, NFS1 is mainly localized in mitochondria with a crucial role in the biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters. Additionally, NFS1 is also located in smaller amounts in the cytosol with a role in Moco biosynthesis and mcm(5)s(2)U34 thio modifications of nucleosides in tRNA. NFS1 and IscS were conclusively shown to have different interaction partners in their respective organisms. Here, we used functional complementation studies of an E. coli iscS deletion strain with human NFS1 to dissect their conserved roles in the transfer of sulfur to a specific target protein. Our results show that human NFS1 and E. coli IscS share conserved binding sites for proteins involved in Fe-S cluster assembly like IscU, but not with proteins for tRNA thio modifications or Moco biosynthesis. In addition, we show that human NFS1 was almost fully able to complement the role of IscS in Moco biosynthesis when its specific interaction partner protein MOCS3 from humans was also present. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00627 SN - 0006-2960 VL - 56 SP - 4592 EP - 4605 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang A1 - Becker, Julia A1 - Hering, Fabio A1 - Frey, Eberhard A1 - Gonzalez Gonzalez, Arturo A1 - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd A1 - Stinnesbeck, Sarah A1 - Frank, Norbert A1 - Terrazas Mata, Alejandro A1 - Elena Benavente, Martha A1 - Aviles Olguin, Jeronimo A1 - Aceves Nunez, Eugenio A1 - Zell, Patrick A1 - Deininger, Michael T1 - The earliest settlers of Mesoamerica date back to the late Pleistocene JF - PLoS one N2 - Preceramic human skeletal remains preserved in submerged caves near Tulum in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, reveal conflicting results regarding C-14 dating. Here we use U-series techniques for dating a stalagmite overgrowing the pelvis of a human skeleton discovered in the submerged Chan Hol cave. The oldest closed system U/Th age comes from around 21 mm above the pelvis defining the terminus ante quem for the pelvis to 11311 +/- 370 y BP. However, the skeleton might be considerable older, probably as old as 13 ky BP as indicated by the speleothem stable isotope data. The Chan Hol individual confirms a late Pleistocene settling of Mesoamerica and represents one of the oldest human osteological remains in America. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183345 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Guang A1 - Ding, Hong-ming A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Hu, Rongting A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Ma, Yu-qiang A1 - Chen, Guosong A1 - Jiang, Ming T1 - Highly Ordered Self-Assembly of Native Proteins into 1D, 2D, and 3D Structures Modulated by the Tether Length of Assembly-Inducing Ligands JF - Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition N2 - In nature, proteins self-assemble into various structures with different dimensions. To construct these nanostructures in laboratories, normally proteins with different symmetries are selected. However, most of these approaches are engineering-intensive and highly dependent on the accuracy of the protein design. Herein, we report that a simple native protein LecA assembles into one-dimensional nanoribbons and nanowires, two-dimensional nanosheets, and three-dimensional layered structures controlled mainly by small-molecule assembly-inducing ligands RnG (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) with varying numbers of ethylene oxide repeating units. To understand the formation mechanism of the different morphologies controlled by the small-molecule structure, molecular simulations were performed from microscopic and mesoscopic view, which presented a clear relationship between the molecular structure of the ligands and the assembled patterns. These results introduce an easy strategy to control the assembly structure and dimension, which could shed light on controlled protein assembly. KW - carbohydrate-protein interactions KW - dual non-covalent interactions KW - molecular simulations KW - protein self-assembly Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703052 SN - 1433-7851 SN - 1521-3773 VL - 56 SP - 10691 EP - 10695 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. T1 - Shape Morphologies of Icosahedral Two-Component Vesicles JF - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry N2 - What are the features of partitioning of crystalline materials on the surface of a two-component icosahedral vesicle? We model the response of the rigid hardly stretchable crystalline icosahedra upon addition of a softer component on its surface. We demonstrate how the soft phase "invades" the shell regions with the highest elastic energy density around 12 5-fold topological defects. We explore the phase diagram of these inhomogeneous shells as a function of the soft material fraction, shell radius, and elastic moduli of the two phases. The findings are compared with the recent computer simulation findings, and their biological relevance, for example, for the structure of icosahedral viruses, is also discussed. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02440 SN - 1520-6106 VL - 121 SP - 7484 EP - 7491 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pritsch, Carla A1 - Telkemeyer, Silke A1 - Mühlenbeck, Cordelia A1 - Liebal, Katja T1 - Perception of facial expressions reveals selective affect-biased attention in humans and orangutans JF - Scientific reports Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07563-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 SP - 3001 EP - 3023 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiang, Hai A1 - Gao, Jianqiang A1 - Cai, Dawei A1 - Luo, Yunbing A1 - Yu, Baoquan A1 - Liu, Langqing A1 - Liu, Ranran A1 - Zhou, Hui A1 - Chen, Xiaoyong A1 - Dun, Weitao A1 - Wang, Xi A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Zhao, Xingbo T1 - Origin and dispersal of early domestic pigs in northern China JF - Scientific reports N2 - It is widely accepted that modern pigs were domesticated independently at least twice, and Chinese native pigs are deemed as direct descendants of the first domesticated pigs in the corresponding domestication centers. By analyzing mitochondrial DNA sequences of an extensive sample set spanning 10,000 years, we find that the earliest pigs from the middle Yellow River region already carried the maternal lineages that are dominant in both younger archaeological populations and modern Chinese pigs. Our data set also supports early Neolithic pig utilization and a long-term in situ origin for northeastern Chinese pigs during 8,000-3,500 BP, suggesting a possibly independent domestication in northeast China. Additionally, we observe a genetic replacement in ancient northeast Chinese pigs since 3,500 BP. The results not only provide increasing evidence for pig origin in the middle Yellow River region but also depict an outline for the process of early pig domestication in northeast China. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06056-8 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bremer, Anne A1 - Kent, Ben A1 - Hauss, Thomas A1 - Thalhammer, Anja A1 - Yepuri, Nageshwar R. A1 - Darwish, Tamim A. A1 - Garvey, Christopher J. A1 - Bryant, Gary A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. T1 - Intrinsically Disordered Stress Protein COR15A Resides at the Membrane Surface during Dehydration JF - Biophysical journal N2 - Plants from temperate climate zones are able to increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, above zero temperatures in a process termed cold acclimation. During this process, several cold-regulated (COR) proteins are accumulated in the cells. One of them is COR15A, a small, intrinsically disordered protein that contributes to leaf freezing tolerance by stabilizing cellular membranes. The isolated protein folds into amphipathic a-helices in response to increased crowding conditions, such as high concentrations of glycerol. Although there is evidence for direct COR15A-membrane interactions, the orientation and depth of protein insertion were unknown. In addition, although folding due to high osmolyte concentrations had been established, the folding response of the protein under conditions of gradual dehydration had not been investigated. Here we show, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, that COR15A starts to fold into a-helices already under mild dehydration conditions (97% relative humidity (RH), corresponding to freezing at -3 degrees C) and that folding gradually increases with decreasing RH. Neutron diffraction experiments at 97 and 75% RH established that the presence of COR15A had no significant influence on the structure of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes. However, using deuterated POPC we. could clearly establish that COR15A interacts with the membranes and penetrates below the headgroup region into the upper part of the fatty acyl chain region. This localization is in agreement with our hypothesis that COR15A-membrane interaction is at least, in part, driven by a hydrophobic interaction between the lipids and the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic protein alpha-helix. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.027 SN - 0006-3495 SN - 1542-0086 VL - 113 SP - 572 EP - 579 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghaisari, Sara A1 - Winklhofer, Michael A1 - Strauch, Peter A1 - Klumpp, Stefan A1 - Faivre, Damien T1 - Magnetosome Organization in Magnetotactic Bacteria Unraveled by Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy JF - Biophysical journal N2 - Magnetotactic bacteria form assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes are typically arranged in chains, but other forms of assemblies such as clusters can be observed in some species and genetic mutants. As such, the bacteria have developed as a model for the understanding of how organization of particles can influence the magnetic properties. Here, we use ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the magnetic anisotropies in different strains of Magnetosprillum gtyphiswaldense MSR-1, a bacterial species that is amendable to genetic mutations. We combine our experimental results with a model describing the spectra. The model includes chain imperfections and misalignments following a Fisher distribution function, in addition to the intrinsic magnetic properties of the magnetosomes. Therefore, by applying the model to analyze the ferromagnetic resonance data, the distribution of orientations in the bulk sample can be retrieved in addition to the average magnetosome arrangement. In this way, we quantitatively characterize the magnetosome arrangement in both wild-type cells and Delta mamJ mutants, which exhibit differing magnetosome organization. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.031 SN - 0006-3495 SN - 1542-0086 VL - 113 SP - 637 EP - 644 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kornhuber, Kai A1 - Petoukhov, Vladimir A1 - Karoly, D. A1 - Petri, Stefan A1 - Rahmstorf, Stefan A1 - Coumou, Dim T1 - Summertime Planetary Wave Resonance in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres JF - Journal of climate Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0703.1 SN - 0894-8755 SN - 1520-0442 VL - 30 SP - 6133 EP - 6150 PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuecuekgoeze, Goekhan A1 - Terao, Mineko A1 - Garattini, Enrico A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Direct Comparison of the Enzymatic Characteristics and Superoxide Production of the Four Aldehyde Oxidase Enzymes Present in Mouse JF - Drug metabolism and disposition : the biological fate of chemicals N2 - Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are molybdoflavoenzymes with an important role in the metabolism and detoxification of heterocyclic compounds and aliphatic as well as aromatic aldehydes. The enzymes use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and produce reduced oxygen species during turnover. Four different enzymes, mAOX1, mAOX3, mAOX4, and mAOX2, which are the products of distinct genes, are present in the mouse. A direct and simultaneous comparison of the enzymatic properties and characteristics of the four enzymes has never been performed. In this report, the four catalytically active mAOX enzymes were purified after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The kinetic parameters of the four mouse AOX enzymes were determined and compared with the use of six predicted substrates of physiologic and toxicological interest, i.e., retinaldehyde, N1-methylnicotinamide, pyridoxal, vanillin, 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde (p-DMAC), and salicylaldehyde. While retinaldehyde, vanillin, p-DMAC, and salycilaldehyde are efficient substrates for the four mouse AOX enzymes, N1-methylnicotinamide is not a substrate of mAOX1 or mAOX4, and pyridoxal is notmetabolized by any of the purified enzymes. Overall, mAOX1, mAOX2, mAOX3, and mAOX4 are characterized by significantly different KM and kcat values for the active substrates. The four mouse AOXs are also characterized by quantitative differences in their ability to produce superoxide radicals. With respect to this last point, mAOX2 is the enzyme generating the largest rate of superoxide radicals of around 40% in relation to moles of substrate converted, and mAOX1, the homolog to the human enzyme, produces a rate of approximately 30% of superoxide radicals with the same substrate. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.117.075937 SN - 0090-9556 SN - 1521-009X VL - 45 SP - 947 EP - 955 PB - American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics CY - Bethesda ER - TY - GEN A1 - Broeker, Nina K. A1 - Barbirz, Stefanie T1 - Not a barrier but a key: How bacteriophages exploit host's O‐antigen as an essential receptor to initiate infection T2 - Molecular microbiology N2 - Tailed bacteriophages specific for Gram‐negative bacteria encounter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the first infection steps. Yet, it is not well understood how biochemistry of these initial interactions relates to subsequent events that orchestrate phage adsorption and tail rearrangements to initiate cell entry. For many phages, long O‐antigen chains found on the LPS of smooth bacterial strains serve as essential receptor recognized by their tailspike proteins (TSP). Many TSP are depolymerases and O‐antigen cleavage was described as necessary step for subsequent orientation towards a secondary receptor. However, O‐antigen specific host attachment must not always come along with O‐antigen degradation. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology Prokhorov et al. report that coliphage G7C carries a TSP that deacetylates O‐antigen but does not degrade it, whereas rough strains or strains lacking O‐antigen acetylation remain unaffected. Bacteriophage G7C specifically functionalizes its tail by attaching the deacetylase TSP directly to a second TSP that is nonfunctional on the host's O‐antigen. This challenges the view that bacteriophages use their TSP only to clear their way to a secondary receptor. Rather, O‐antigen specific phages may employ enzymatically active TSP as a tool for irreversible LPS membrane binding to initiate subsequent infection steps. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13729 SN - 0950-382X SN - 1365-2958 VL - 105 SP - 353 EP - 357 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Hongshi A1 - Guo, Jianqiao A1 - Yang, Jie A1 - Jiang, Yanfang A1 - Yu, Yuanyuan A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Ren, Gexue A1 - Ao, Yingfang T1 - Isokinetic angle-specific moments and ratios characterizing hamstring and quadriceps strength in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees JF - Scientific reports N2 - This study is intended to find more effective and robust clinical diagnostic indices to characterize muscle strength and coordination alternation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. To evaluate angle-specific moments and hamstring (H)/quadriceps (Q) ratios, 46 male subjects with unilateral chronic ACL-rupture performed isokinetic concentric (c), eccentric (e) quadriceps and hamstring muscle tests respectively at 60 degrees/s. Normalized moments and H/Q ratios were calculated for peak moment (PM) and 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees knee flexion angles. Furthermore, we introduced single-to-arithmetic-mean (SAM) and single-to-root-mean-square (SRMS) muscle co-contraction ratios, calculating them for specific angles and different contraction repetitions. Normalized PM and 40 degrees specific concentric quadriceps, concentric hamstring strength in the ACL-deficient knee were reduced significantly (P <= 0.05). Concentric angle-specific moments together with Qe/Qc ratios at 40 degrees (d = 0.766 vs. d = 0.654) identify more obvious differences than peak values in ACL ruptured limbs. Furthermore, we found SRMS-QeQc deficits at 40 degrees showed stronger effect than Qe/Qc ratios (d = 0.918 vs. d = 0.766), albeit other ratio differences remained basically the same effect size as the original H/Q ratios. All the newly defined SAM and SRMS indices could decrease variance. Overall, 40 degrees knee moments and SAM/ SRMS ratios might be new potential diagnosis indices for ACL rupture detection. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06601-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stober, Sebastian T1 - Toward Studying Music Cognition with Information Retrieval Techniques: Lessons Learned from the OpenMIIR Initiative JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - As an emerging sub-field of music information retrieval (MIR), music imagery information retrieval (MIIR) aims to retrieve information from brain activity recorded during music cognition-such as listening to or imagining music pieces. This is a highly interdisciplinary endeavor that requires expertise in MIR as well as cognitive neuroscience and psychology. The OpenMIIR initiative strives to foster collaborations between these fields to advance the state of the art in MIIR. As a first step, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings ofmusic perception and imagination have beenmade publicly available, enabling MIR researchers to easily test and adapt their existing approaches for music analysis like fingerprinting, beat tracking or tempo estimation on this new kind of data. This paper reports on first results of MIIR experiments using these OpenMIIR datasets and points out how these findings could drive new research in cognitive neuroscience. KW - music cognition KW - music perception KW - music information retrieval KW - deep learning KW - representation learning Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01255 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Schroeter, M. -A. A1 - Hahn, Marc B. A1 - Solomun, T. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Kunte, H. J. T1 - Ectoine can enhance structural changes in DNA in vitro JF - Scientific reports N2 - Strand breaks and conformational changes of DNA have consequences for the physiological role of DNA. The natural protecting molecule ectoine is beneficial to entire bacterial cells and biomolecules such as proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of environmental stresses. It was postulated that ectoine-like molecules bind to negatively charged spheres that mimic DNA surfaces. We investigated the effect of ectoine on DNA and whether ectoine is able to protect DNA from damages caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV-A). In order to determine different isoforms of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy experiments were carried out with plasmid pUC19 DNA. Our quantitative results revealed that a prolonged incubation of DNA with ectoine leads to an increase in transitions from supercoiled (undamaged) to open circular (single-strand break) conformation at pH 6.6. The effect is pH dependent and no significant changes were observed at physiological pH of 7.5. After UV-A irradiation in ectoine solution, changes in DNA conformation were even more pronounced and this effect was pH dependent. We hypothesize that ectoine is attracted to the negatively charge surface of DNA at lower pH and therefore fails to act as a stabilizing agent for DNA in our in vitro experiments. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07441-z SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Martin-Lopez, Berta A1 - Sachse, Rene T1 - Testing socio-cultural valuation methods of ecosystem services to explain land use preferences JF - Ecosystem Services : Science, Policy and Practice N2 - Socio-cultural valuation still emerges as a methodological field in ecosystem service (ES) research and until now lacks consistent formalisation and balanced application in ES assessments. In this study, we examine the explanatory value of ES values for land use preferences. We use 563 responses to a survey about the Pentland Hills regional park in Scotland. Specifically, we aim to (1) identify clusters of land use preferences by using a novel visualisation tool, (2) test if socio-cultural values of ESs or (3) user characteristics are linked with land use preferences, and (4) determine whether both socio-cultural values of ESs and user characteristics can predict land use preferences. Our results suggest that there are five groups of people with different land use preferences, ranging from forest and nature enthusiasts to traditionalists, multi-functionalists and recreation seekers. Rating and weighting of ESs and user characteristics were associated with different clusters. Neither socio-cultural values nor user characteristics were suitable predictors for land use preferences. While several studies have explored land use preferences by identifying socio-cultural values in the past, our findings imply that in this case study ES values inform about general perceptions but do not replace the assessment of land use preferences. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. KW - Non-monetary valuation KW - Values KW - Visitors KW - Landscape visualisation KW - Visualisation tool Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.001 SN - 2212-0416 VL - 26 SP - 270 EP - 288 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zöller, Gert T1 - Comment on "Estimation of Earthquake Hazard Parameters from Incomplete Data Files. Part III. Incorporation of Uncertainty of Earthquake-Occurrence Model" by Andrzej Kijko, Ansie Smit, and Markvard A. Sellevoll T2 - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - Kijko et al. (2016) present various methods to estimate parameters that are relevant for probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment. One of these parameters, although not the most influential, is the maximum possible earthquake magnitude m(max). I show that the proposed estimation of m(max) is based on an erroneous equation related to a misuse of the estimator in Cooke (1979) and leads to unstable results. So far, reported finite estimations of m(max) arise from data selection, because the estimator in Kijko et al. (2016) diverges with finite probability. This finding is independent of the assumed distribution of earthquake magnitudes. For the specific choice of the doubly truncated Gutenberg-Richter distribution, I illustrate the problems by deriving explicit equations. Finally, I conclude that point estimators are generally not a suitable approach to constrain m(max). Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120160193 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 107 SP - 1975 EP - 1978 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brechun, Katherine E. A1 - Arndt, Katja Maren A1 - Woolley, G. Andrew T1 - Strategies for the photo-control of endogenous protein activity JF - Current opinion in structural biology : review of all advances ; evaluation of key references ; comprehensive listing of papers Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.014 SN - 0959-440X SN - 1879-033X VL - 45 SP - 53 EP - 58 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taniguchi, Masatoshi A1 - Furutani, Masahiko A1 - Nishimura, Takeshi A1 - Nakamura, Moritaka A1 - Fushita, Toyohito A1 - Iijima, Kohta A1 - Baba, Kenichiro A1 - Tanaka, Hirokazu A1 - Toyota, Masatsugu A1 - Tasaka, Masao A1 - Morita, Miyo Terao T1 - The Arabidopsis LAZY1 Family Plays a Key Role in Gravity Signaling within Statocytes and in Branch Angle Control of Roots and Shoots JF - The plant cell N2 - During gravitropism, the directional signal of gravity is perceived by gravity-sensing cells called statocytes, leading to asymmetric distribution of auxin in the responding organs. To identify the genes involved in gravity signaling in statocytes, we performed transcriptome analyses of statocyte-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and found two candidates from the LAZY1 family, AtLAZY1/LAZY1-LIKE1 (LZY1) and AtDRO3/AtNGR1/LZY2. We showed that LZY1, LZY2, and a paralog AtDRO1/AtNGR2/LZY3 are redundantly involved in gravitropism of the inflorescence stem, hypocotyl, and root. Mutations of LZY genes affected early processes in gravity signal transduction without affecting amyloplast sedimentation. Statocyte-specific expression of LZY genes rescued the mutant phenotype, suggesting that LZY genes mediate gravity signaling in statocytes downstream of amyloplast displacement, leading to the generation of asymmetric auxin distribution in gravity-responding organs. We also found that lzy mutations reversed the growth angle of lateral branches and roots. Moreover, expression of the conserved C-terminal region of LZY proteins also reversed the growth direction of primary roots in the lzy mutant background. In lateral root tips of lzy multiple mutants, asymmetric distribution of PIN3 and auxin response were reversed, suggesting that LZY genes regulate the direction of polar auxin transport in response to gravity through the control of asymmetric PIN3 expression in the root cap columella. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00575 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 29 SP - 1984 EP - 1999 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yabin A1 - Stoddart, Martin J. A1 - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Grad, Sibylle A1 - Alini, Mauro A1 - Ferguson, Stephen J. T1 - Hyaluronan supplementation as a mechanical regulator of cartilage tissue development under joint-kinematic-mimicking loading JF - Interface : journal of the Royal Society KW - synovial fluid KW - cartilage tissue engineering KW - mechanical loading KW - non-Newtonian fluid KW - hyaluronic acid supplementation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0255 SN - 1742-5689 SN - 1742-5662 VL - 14 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hua, Quan A1 - Cook, Duncan A1 - Fohlmeister, Jens Bernd A1 - Penny, Dan A1 - Bishop, Paul A1 - Buckman, Solomon T1 - Radiocarbon Dating of a Speleothem Record of Paleoclimate for Angkor, Cambodia JF - Radiocarbon : an international journal of cosmogenic isotope research N2 - We report the chronological construction for the top portion of a speleothem, PC1, from southern Cambodia with the aim of reconstructing a continuous high-resolution climate record covering the fluorescence and decline of the medieval Khmer kingdom and its capital at Angkor (similar to 9th-15th centuries AD). Earlier attempts to date PC1 by the standard U-Th method proved unsuccessful. We have therefore dated this speleothem using radiocarbon. Fifty carbonate samples along the growth axis of PC1 were collected for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis. Chronological reconstruction for PC1 was achieved using two different approaches described by Hua et al. (2012a) and Lechleitner et al. (2016a). Excellent concordance between the two age-depth models indicates that the top similar to 47 mm of PC1 grew during the last millennium with a growth hiatus during similar to 1250-1650 AD, resulting from a large change in measured C-14 values at 34.4-35.2 mm depth. The timing of the growth hiatus covers the period of decades-long droughts during the 14th-16th centuries AD indicated in regional climate records. KW - Angkor KW - chronological construction KW - radiocarbon KW - Southeast Asia KW - tropical speleothems Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2017.115 SN - 0033-8222 SN - 1945-5755 VL - 59 IS - Special Issue 6 / 2 SP - 1873 EP - 1890 PB - The University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences CY - Tucson, Ariz. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hickmann, Thomas A1 - Fuhr, Harald A1 - Höhne, Chris A1 - Lederer, Markus A1 - Stehle, Fee T1 - Carbon Governance Arrangements and the Nation-State: The Reconfiguration of Public Authority in Developing Countries JF - Public administration and development N2 - Several scholars concerned with global policy-making have recently pointed to a reconfiguration of authority in the area of climate politics. They have shown that various new carbon governance arrangements have emerged, which operate simultaneously at different governmental levels. However, despite the numerous descriptions and mapping exercises of these governance arrangements, we have little systematic knowledge on their workings within national jurisdictions, let alone about their impact on public-administrative systems in developing countries. Therefore, this article opens the black box of the nation-state and explores how and to what extent two different arrangements, that is, Transnational City Networks and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, generate changes in the distribution of public authority in nation-states and their administrations. Building upon conceptual assumptions that the former is likely to lead to more decentralized, and the latter to more centralized policy-making, we provide insights from case studies in Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil, and India. In a nutshell, our analysis underscores that Transnational City Networks strengthen climate-related actions taken by cities without ultimately decentralizing climate policy-making. On the other hand, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation tends to reinforce the competencies of central governments, but apparently does not generate a recentralization of the forestry sector at large. KW - authority KW - climate politics KW - decentralization KW - developing countries KW - global south KW - public administration KW - REDD KW - transnational city networks Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1814 SN - 0271-2075 SN - 1099-162X VL - 37 SP - 331 EP - 343 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Şener, Ulaş T1 - Rodrik, Dani (2015): Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science / rezensiert von Ulaş Şener JF - European journal of economics and economic policies : intervention ; EJEEP Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2017.03.08 SN - 2052-7764 SN - 2195-3376 VL - 14 SP - 375 EP - 377 PB - Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernardez, Patricia A1 - Prego, Ricardo A1 - Virginia Filgueiras, Ana A1 - Ospina-Alvarez, Natalia A1 - Santos-Echeandia, Juan A1 - Angel Alvarez-Vazquez, Miguel A1 - Caetano, Miguel T1 - Lithogenic sources, composition and intra-annual variability of suspended particulate matter supplied from rivers to the Northern Galician Rias (Bay of Biscay) JF - Journal of sea research N2 - Scarce research about small European rivers from non-human impacted areas to determine their natural background state has been undertaken. During the annual hydrological cycle of 2008-9 the patterns of particulate supply (SPM, POC, PON, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) from the rivers Sor, Mera Landro, Lourido and Landoi to the Northern Galician Rias (SW Bay of Biscay) were tackled. No differences in the composition of the SPM were detected for the studied rivers regarding Al, Fe and POC but the relative percentage of particulate trace elements (PTE) discriminate the rivers. So, Cr, Co and Ni in the Lourido, and Landoi rivers, and Cu in the Mera River, are controlled by watershed minerals of Ortegal Geological Complex while for the rest rivers PTE are by granitic and Ollo de Sapo bedrock watershed. Therefore, the imprint of PTE in the parental rocks of the river basins is reflected on the coastal sediments of the Rias. The main process controlling the dynamics and variations of chemical elements in the particulate form is the river discharge. This fact exemplifies that these rivers presents a natural behavior not being highly influenced by anthropogenic activities. KW - SPM KW - Trace metals KW - Organic matter KW - River KW - W Cantabrian coast Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2017.05.006 SN - 1385-1101 SN - 1873-1414 VL - 130 SP - 73 EP - 84 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schütze, Franziska A1 - Fürst, Steffen A1 - Mielke, Jahel A1 - Steudle, Gesine A. A1 - Wolf, Sarah A1 - Jäger, Carlo C. T1 - The Role of Sustainable Investment in Climate Policy JF - Sustainability N2 - Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a fundamental socio-economic transformation accompanied by substantial investment in low-carbon infrastructure. Such a sustainability transition represents a non-marginal change, driven by behavioral factors and systemic interactions. However, typical economic models used to assess a sustainability transition focus on marginal changes around a local optimum, whichby constructionlead to negative effects. Thus, these models do not allow evaluating a sustainability transition that might have substantial positive effects. This paper examines which mechanisms need to be included in a standard computable general equilibrium model to overcome these limitations and to give a more comprehensive view of the effects of climate change mitigation. Simulation results show that, given an ambitious greenhouse gas emission constraint and a price of carbon, positive economic effects are possible if (1) technical progress results (partly) endogenously from the model and (2) a policy intervention triggering an increase of investment is introduced. Additionally, if (3) the investment behavior of firms is influenced by their sales expectations, the effects are amplified. The results provide suggestions for policy-makers, because the outcome indicates that investment-oriented climate policies can lead to more desirable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms. KW - climate policy KW - green growth KW - macroeconomic models KW - sustainable investment KW - technical progress KW - expectations KW - 1.5 degrees C Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122221 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -