TY  - JOUR
A1  - Castino, Fabiana
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Rainfall variability and trends of the past six decades (1950-2014) in the subtropical NW Argentine Andes
JF  - Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system
N2  - The eastern flanks of the Central Andes are characterized by deep convection, exposing them to hydrometeorological extreme events, often resulting in floods and a variety of mass movements. We assessed the spatiotemporal pattern of rainfall trends and the changes in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events (ae<yen>95th percentile) along an E-W traverse across the southern Central Andes using rain-gauge and high-resolution gridded datasets (CPC-uni and TRMM 3B42 V7). We generated different climate indices and made three key observations: (1) an increase of the annual rainfall has occurred at the transition between low (< 0.5 km) and intermediate (0.5-3 km) elevations between 1950 and 2014. Also, rainfall increases during the wet season and, to a lesser degree, decreases during the dry season. Increasing trends in annual total amounts characterize the period 1979-2014 in the arid, high-elevation southern Andean Plateau, whereas trend reversals with decreasing annual total amounts were found at low elevations. (2) For all analyzed periods, we observed small or no changes in the median values of the rainfall-frequency distribution, but significant trends with intensification or attenuation in the 95th percentile. (3) In the southern Andean Plateau, extreme rainfall events exhibit trends towards increasing magnitude and, to a lesser degree, frequency during the wet season, at least since 1979. Our analysis revealed that low (< 0.5 km), intermediate (0.5-3 km), and high-elevation (> 3 km) areas respond differently to changing climate conditions, and the transition zone between low and intermediate elevations is characterized by the most significant changes.
KW  - Extreme rainfall
KW  - South American Monsoon System
KW  - Central Andes
KW  - Quantile regression
KW  - Rain gauges
KW  - CPC-uni
KW  - TRMM
KW  - Orographic barrier
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3127-2
SN  - 0930-7575
SN  - 1432-0894
VL  - 48
SP  - 1049
EP  - 1067
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Henkel, Carsten
T1  - Nanoscale Thermal Transfer
BT  - an Invitation to Fluctuation Electrodynamics
JF  - Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A
N2  - An electromagnetic theory of thermal radiation is outlined, based on the fluctuation electrodynamics of Rytov and co-workers. We discuss the basic concepts and the status of different approximations. The physical content is illustrated with a few examples on near-field heat transfer.
KW  - Heat Transfer
KW  - Near-Field Optics
KW  - Thermal Radiation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-2016-0372
SN  - 0932-0784
SN  - 1865-7109
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Kong, Yan
A1  - Song, Shuang
A1  - McBride, Catherine
A1  - Liu, Hongyun
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Socioeconomic status, parent report of children’s early language skills, and late literacy skills
BT  - a long term follow-up study among Chinese children
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Previous research on the longitudinal prediction of literacy development has focused mainly on the relationship between early cognitive/language skills and late literacy skills. The present study aimed to test the reliability of a number of measures reported by parents as compared to measuring cognitive and language skills in predicting subsequent reading achievement. Two hundred sixty-two Chinese children were administered four cognitive and language skills over three years at the preliterate stage. Additional information on children’s family socioeconomic status (SES), children’s early language skills, familial reading performance and habits, and familial handedness based on the observations of parents was collected. Performance on these variables in relation to subsequent literacy skills at 11 years of age was examined. SES and children’s early language skills significantly predicted subsequent literacy skills. Even with a number of cognitive and language skills statistically controlled, parental reports of children’s early language skills still contributed to reading comprehension. Poor readers defined at 11 years of age had lagged behind in early language skills, as well as family reading performance and habits, as compared to typically developing readers. These findings suggest that SES and parental estimates of children’s early language skills are useful for predicting children’s subsequent reading achievement.
KW  - SES
KW  - Parent questionnaire
KW  - Early language skills
KW  - Familial risk
KW  - Chinese reading
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-016-9682-4
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 30
SP  - 401
EP  - 416
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stillfried, Milena
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Börner, Konstantin
A1  - Wittstatt, Ulrich
A1  - Heddergott, Mike
A1  - Ortmann, Sylvia
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Frantz, Alain C.
T1  - Do cities represent sources, sinks or isolated islands for urban wild boar population structure?
JF  - Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
KW  - baps
KW  - Berlin
KW  - diyabc
KW  - human-wildlife conflict
KW  - hunting
KW  - microsatellites
KW  - movement barrier
KW  - source-sink dynamics
KW  - structure
KW  - urban ecology
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12756
SN  - 0021-8901
SN  - 1365-2664
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
SP  - 272
EP  - 281
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Münch, Florentin
T1  - Remarks on curvature dimension conditions on graphs
JF  - Calculus of variations and partial differential equations
N2  - We show a connection between the CDE′ inequality introduced in Horn et al. (Volume doubling, Poincaré inequality and Gaussian heat kernel estimate for nonnegative curvature graphs. arXiv:1411.5087v2, 2014) and the CDψ inequality established in Münch (Li–Yau inequality on finite graphs via non-linear curvature dimension conditions. arXiv:1412.3340v1, 2014). In particular, we introduce a CDφψ inequality as a slight generalization of CDψ which turns out to be equivalent to CDE′ with appropriate choices of φ and ψ. We use this to prove that the CDE′ inequality implies the classical CD inequality on graphs, and that the CDE′ inequality with curvature bound zero holds on Ricci-flat graphs.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-016-1104-6
SN  - 0944-2669
SN  - 1432-0835
VL  - 56
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reike, Dennis
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - Exploring the origin of the number-size congruency effect
BT  - sensitivity or response bias?
JF  - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2  - Physical size modulates the efficiency of digit comparison, depending on whether the relation of numerical magnitude and physical size is congruent or incongruent (Besner & Coltheart, Neuropsychologia, 17, 467–472, 1979), the number-size congruency effect (NSCE). In addition, Henik and Tzelgov (Memory & Cognition, 10, 389–395, 1982) first reported an NSCE for the reverse task of comparing the physical size of digits such that the numerical magnitude of digits modulated the time required to compare their physical sizes. Does the NSCE in physical comparisons simply reflect a number-mediated bias mechanism related to making decisions and selecting responses about the digit’s sizes? Alternatively, or in addition, the NSCE might indicate a true increase in the ability to discriminate small and large font sizes when these sizes are congruent with the digit’s symbolic numerical meaning, over and above response bias effects. We present a new research design that permits us to apply signal detection theory to a task that required observers to judge the physical size of digits. Our results clearly demonstrate that the NSCE cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the NSCE.
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - Number-size congruity effect
KW  - Signal detection theory
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1267-4
SN  - 1943-3921
SN  - 1943-393X
VL  - 79
SP  - 383
EP  - 388
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Cattrell, Anna
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Buitelaar, Jan
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
N2  - Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2–19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years).

CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.
KW  - childhood adversity
KW  - conduct disorder
KW  - amygdala
KW  - ventral striatum
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw120
SN  - 1749-5016
SN  - 1749-5024
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 261
EP  - 272
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siska, Veronika
A1  - Jones, Eppie Ruth
A1  - Jeon, Sungwon
A1  - Bhak, Youngjune
A1  - Kim, Hak-Min
A1  - Cho, Yun Sung
A1  - Kim, Hyunho
A1  - Lee, Kyusang
A1  - Veselovskaya, Elizaveta
A1  - Balueva, Tatiana
A1  - Gallego-Llorente, Marcos
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Bradley, Daniel G.
A1  - Eriksson, Anders
A1  - Pinhasi, Ron
A1  - Bhak, Jong
A1  - Manica, Andrea
T1  - Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago
JF  - Science Advances
N2  - Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. We report genome-wide data from two hunter-gatherers from Devil’s Gate, an early Neolithic cave site (dated to ~7.7 thousand years ago) located in East Asia, on the border between Russia and Korea. Both of these individuals are genetically most similar to geographically close modern populations from the Amur Basin, all speaking Tungusic languages, and, in particular, to the Ulchi. The similarity to nearby modern populations and the low levels of additional genetic material in the Ulchi imply a high level of genetic continuity in this region during the Holocene, a pattern that markedly contrasts with that reported for Europe.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601877
SN  - 2375-2548
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
T1  - The Empirical Uses of Theoretical Models
BT  - the Case of Veto Player Theory
JF  - Political studies review
N2  - Veto player theory is a powerful approach to comparative politics. This article argues that the debate about its explanatory success would benefit from more systematic distinctions. The theory not only comes in different theoretical variants, it is also used in radically different ways empirically. Starting from recent debates about the ‘testing’ of theoretical models, the article distinguishes five ways in which theoretical models can be used empirically: contrastive, axiomatic, exploratory, presumptive and modular. The typology is applied to veto player theory and illustrated with exemplary studies and debates. The article concludes that each type raises different questions that should be answered in individual studies. Moreover, while veto player theory has an excellent track record on four empirical uses, the picture on its contrastive use is far more nuanced. More explicitly contrastive testing of the theory is desirable.
KW  - veto player theory
KW  - theory testing
KW  - empirical implications of theoretical models
KW  - contrastive empiricism
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12098
SN  - 1478-9299
SN  - 1478-9302
VL  - 15
SP  - 49
EP  - 59
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruelens, Philip
A1  - Zhang, Zhicheng
A1  - van Mourik, Hilda
A1  - Maere, Steven
A1  - Kaufmann, Kerstin
A1  - Geuten, Koen
T1  - The Origin of Floral Organ Identity Quartets
JF  - The plant cell
N2  - The origin of flowers has puzzled plant biologists ever since Darwin referred to their sudden appearance in the fossil record as an abominable mystery. Flowers are considered to be an assembly of protective, attractive, and reproductive male and female leaf-like organs. Their origin cannot be understood by a morphological comparison to gymnosperms, their closest relatives, which develop separate male or female cones. Despite these morphological differences, gymnosperms and angiosperms possess a similar genetic toolbox consisting of phylogenetically related MADS domain proteins. Using ancestral MADS domain protein reconstruction, we trace the evolution of organ identity quartets along the stem lineage of crown angiosperms. We provide evidence that current floral quartets specifying male organ identity, which consist of four types of subunits, evolved from ancestral complexes of two types of subunits through gene duplication and integration of SEPALLATA proteins just before the origin of flowering plants. Our results suggest that protein interaction changes underlying this compositional shift were the result of a gradual and reversible evolutionary trajectory. Modeling shows that such compositional changes may have facilitated the evolution of the perfect, bisexual flower.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00366
SN  - 1040-4651
SN  - 1532-298X
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 229
EP  - 242
PB  - American Society of Plant Physiologists
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tronicke, Jens
A1  - Paasche, Hendrik
T1  - Integrated interpretation of 2D ground-penetrating radar, P-, and S-wave velocity models in terms of petrophysical properties
BT  - assessing uncertainties related to data inversion and petrophysical relations
JF  - Interpretation : a journal of subsurface characterization
N2  - Near-surface geophysical techniques are extensively used in a variety of engineering, environmental, geologic, and hydrologic applications. While many of these applications ask for detailed, quantitative models of selected material properties, geophysical data are increasingly used to estimate such target properties. Typically, this estimation procedure relies on a two-step workflow including (1) the inversion of geophysical data and (2) the petrophysical translation of the inverted parameter models into the target properties. Standard deterministic implementations of such a quantitative interpretation result in a single best-estimate model, often without considering and propagating the uncertainties related to the two steps. We address this problem by using a rather novel, particle-swarm-based global joint strategy for data inversion and by implementing Monte Carlo procedures for petrophysical property estimation. We apply our proposed workflow to crosshole ground-penetrating radar, P-, and S-wave data sets collected at a well-constrained test site for a detailed geotechnical characterization of unconsolidated sands. For joint traveltime inversion, the chosen global approach results in ensembles of acceptable velocity models, which are analyzed to appraise inversion-related uncertainties. Subsequently, the entire ensembles of inverted velocity models are considered to estimate selected petrophysical properties including porosity, bulk density, and elastic moduli via well-established petrophysical relations implemented in a Monte Carlo framework. Our results illustrate the potential benefit of such an advanced interpretation strategy; i.e., the proposed workflow allows to study how uncertainties propagate into the finally estimated property models, while concurrently we are able to study the impact of uncertainties in the used petrophysical relations (e.g., the influence of uncertain, user-specified parameters). We conclude that such statistical approaches for the quantitative interpretation of geophysical data can be easily extended and adapted to other applications and geophysical methods and might be an important step toward increasing the popularity and acceptance of geophysical tools in engineering practice.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2016-0081.1
SN  - 2324-8858
SN  - 2324-8866
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - T121
EP  - T130
PB  - Society of Exploration Geophysicists
CY  - Tulsa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nooshiri, Nima
A1  - Saul, Joachim
A1  - Heimann, Sebastian
A1  - Tilmann, Frederik
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Revision of earthquake hypocentre locations in global bulletin data sets using source-specific station terms
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - Global earthquake locations are often associated with very large systematic travel-time residuals even for clear arrivals, especially for regional and near-regional stations in subduction zones because of their strongly heterogeneous velocity structure. Travel-time corrections can drastically reduce travel-time residuals at regional stations and, in consequence, improve the relative location accuracy. We have extended the shrinking-box source-specific station terms technique to regional and teleseismic distances and adopted the algorithm for probabilistic, nonlinear, global-search location. We evaluated the potential of the method to compute precise relative hypocentre locations on a global scale. The method has been applied to two specific test regions using existing P- and pP-phase picks. The first data set consists of 3103 events along the Chilean margin and the second one comprises 1680 earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji subduction zone. Pick data were obtained from the GEOFON earthquake bulletin, produced using data from all available, global station networks. A set of timing corrections varying as a function of source position was calculated for each seismic station. In this way, we could correct the systematic errors introduced into the locations by the inaccuracies in the assumed velocity structure without explicitly solving for a velocity model. Residual statistics show that the median absolute deviation of the travel-time residuals is reduced by 40-60 per cent at regional distances, where the velocity anomalies are strong. Moreover, the spread of the travel-time residuals decreased by similar to 20 per cent at teleseismic distances (>28 degrees). Furthermore, strong variations in initial residuals as a function of recording distance are smoothed out in the final residuals. The relocated catalogues exhibit less scattered locations in depth and sharper images of the seismicity associated with the subducting slabs. Comparison with a high-resolution local catalogue reveals that our relocation process significantly improves the hypocentre locations compared to standard locations.
KW  - Seismicity and tectonics
KW  - Computational seismology
KW  - Subduction zone processes
KW  - Pacific Ocean
KW  - South America
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw405
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 208
IS  - 2
SP  - 589
EP  - 602
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zang, Arno
A1  - Stephansson, Ove
A1  - Stenberg, Leif
A1  - Plenkers, Katrin
A1  - von Specht, Sebastian
A1  - Milkereit, Claus
A1  - Schill, Eva
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Dresen, Georg
A1  - Zimmermann, Günter
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Hydraulic fracture monitoring in hard rock at 410 m depth with an advanced fluid-injection protocol and extensive sensor array
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - In this paper, an underground experiment at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) is described. Main goal is optimizing geothermal heat exchange in crystalline rock mass at depth by multistage hydraulic fracturing with minimal impact on the environment, that is, seismic events. For this, three arrays with acoustic emission, microseismicity and electromagnetic sensors are installed mapping hydraulic fracture initiation and growth. Fractures are driven by three different water injection schemes (continuous, progressive and pulse pressurization). After a brief review of hydraulic fracture operations in crystalline rock mass at mine scale, the site geology and the stress conditions at Aspo HRL are described. Then, the continuous, single-flow rate and alternative, multiple-flow rate fracture breakdown tests in a horizontal borehole at depth level 410 m are described together with the monitoring networks and sensitivity. Monitoring results include the primary catalogue of acoustic emission hypocentres obtained from four hydraulic fractures with the in situ trigger and localizing network. The continuous versus alternative water injection schemes are discussed in terms of the fracture breakdown pressure, the fracture pattern from impression packer result and the monitoring at the arrays. An example of multistage hydraulic fracturing with several phases of opening and closing of fracture walls is evaluated using data from acoustic emissions, seismic broad-band recordings and electromagnetic signal response. Based on our limited amount of in situ tests (six) and evaluation of three tests in Avro granodiorite, in the multiple-flow rate test with progressively increasing target pressure, the acoustic emission activity starts at a later stage in the fracturing process compared to the conventional fracturing case with continuous water injection. In tendency, also the total number and magnitude of acoustic events are found to be smaller in the progressive treatment with frequent phases of depressurization.
KW  - Geomechanics
KW  - Fracture and flow
KW  - Broad-band seismometers
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 208
SP  - 790
EP  - 813
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nazir, Tatjana A.
A1  - Hrycyk, Lianna
A1  - Moreau, Quentin
A1  - Frak, Victor
A1  - Cheylus, Anne
A1  - Ott, Laurent
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Paulignan, Yves
A1  - Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne
T1  - A simple technique to study embodied language processes
BT  - the grip force sensor
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.
KW  - Grip-force sensor
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Language
KW  - Motor system
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 49
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lehmann, Andreas
A1  - Floris, Joël
A1  - Woitek, Ulrich
A1  - Ruehli, Frank J.
A1  - Staub, Kaspar
T1  - Temporal trends, regional variation and socio-economic differences in height, BMI and body proportions among German conscripts, 1956-2010
JF  - Public Health Nutrition
N2  - Objective: We analyse temporal trends and regional variation among the most recent available anthropometric data from German conscription in the years 2008-2010 and their historical contextualization since 1956. Design/setting/subjects: The overall sample included German conscripts (N 13 857 313) from 1956 to 2010. Results: German conscripts changed from growing in height to growing in breadth. Over the analysed 54 years, average height of 19-year-old conscripts increased by 6.5 cm from 173.5 cm in 1956 (birth year 1937) to 180.0 cm in 2010 (birth year 1991). This increase plateaued since the 1990s (1970s birth years). The increase in average weight, however, did not lessen during the last two decades but increased in two steps: at the end of the 1980s and after 1999. The weight and BMI distributions became increasingly right-skewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11.6 % and 2.1 % in 1984 to 19.9 % and 8.5 % in 2010, respectively. The north-south gradient in height (north = taller) persisted during our observations. Height and weight of conscripts from East Germany matched the German average between the early 1990s and 2009. Between the 1980s and the early 1990s, the average chest circumference increased, the average difference between chest circumference when inhaling and exhaling decreased, as did leg length relative to trunk length. Conclusions: Measuring anthropometric data for military conscripts yielded year-by-year monitoring of the health status of young men at a proscribed age. Such findings contribute to a more precise identification of groups at risk and thus help with further studies and to target interventions.
KW  - Stature
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Secular height trend
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002408
SN  - 1368-9800
SN  - 1475-2727
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
SP  - 391
EP  - 403
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sharma, Neha
A1  - Ruelens, Philip
A1  - Maggen, Thomas
A1  - Dochy, Niklas
A1  - Torfs, Sanne
A1  - Kaufmann, Kerstin
A1  - Rohde, Antje
A1  - Geuten, Koen
T1  - A Flowering Locus C Homolog Is a Vernalization-Regulated Repressor in Brachypodium and Is Cold Regulated in Wheat
JF  - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants
N2  - Winter cereals require prolonged cold to transition from vegetative to reproductive development. This process, referred to as vernalization, has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In Arabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quantitatively controls the vernalization requirement. By contrast, in cereals, the vernalization response is mainly regulated by the VERNALIZATION genes, VRN1 and VRN2. Here, we characterize ODDSOC2, a recently identified FLC ortholog in monocots, knowing that it belongs to the FLC lineage. By studying its expression in a diverse set of Brachypodium accessions, we find that it is a good predictor of the vernalization requirement. Analyses of transgenics demonstrated that BdODDSOC2 functions as a vernalization-regulated flowering repressor. In most Brachypodium accessions BdODDSOC2 is down-regulated by cold, and in one of the winter accessions in which this down-regulation was evident, BdODDSOC2 responded to cold before BdVRN1. When stably down-regulated, the mechanism is associated with spreading H3K27me3 modifications at the BdODDSOC2 chromatin. Finally, homoeolog-specific gene expression analyses identify TaAGL33 and its splice variant TaAGL22 as the FLC orthologs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) behaving most similar to Brachypodium ODDSOC2. Overall, our study suggests that ODDSOC2 is not only phylogenetically related to FLC in eudicots but also functions as a flowering repressor in the vernalization pathway of Brachypodium and likely other temperate grasses. These insights could prove useful in breeding efforts to refine the vernalization requirement of temperate cereals and adapt varieties to changing climates.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01161
SN  - 0032-0889
SN  - 1532-2548
VL  - 173
IS  - 2
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1315
PB  - American Society of Plant Physiologists
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hand, Ralf
A1  - Grossmann, Anita
A1  - Lauterbach, Daniel
T1  - Endemics and their common congener plant species on an East Mediterranean island
BT  - a comparative functional trait approach
JF  - Plant ecology : an international journal
N2  - Understanding evolution and ecology of endemic plants is of great importance for conservation of those rare and endangered species. Pairwise comparisons of plant functional traits could be an adequate method to get insights in evolutionary and ecological processes. We examined whether morphological traits representing competitive ability and habitat specificity differ between endemics and common plants. Therefore, we performed pairwise comparison analyses of 9 plant functional traits in 36 congeneric pairs of endemics and their common congeners on the East Mediterranean island of Cyprus, i.e., the first such study conducted on a Mediterranean island. We found that endemic species prefer higher elevations and more extreme habitats. Endemics were smaller and they had smaller flowers than their common congeners. Common species had higher chromosome numbers than endemic ones. Endemic and common species showed no significant differences in canopy height, inflorescence height, leaf length and width, and flowering period. Our study showed that the situation on a large oceanic island does not differ from results in mainland research areas.
KW  - Biodiversity hotspot
KW  - Mediterranean Basin
KW  - Cyprus
KW  - Endemism
KW  - Rare common comparison
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0673-y
SN  - 1385-0237
SN  - 1573-5052
VL  - 218
SP  - 139
EP  - 150
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Endepols, Stefan
A1  - Klemann, Nicole
A1  - Richter, Dania
A1  - Matuschka, Franz-Rainer
T1  - The potential of coumatetralyl enhanced by cholecalciferol in the control of anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)
JF  - Pest management science
N2  - BACKGROUND: We evaluated the potential of cholecalciferol as an enhancer of the first-generation anticoagulant coumatetralyl in the Westphalia anticoagulant-resistant strain of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout), characterised by the Tyr139Cys polymorphism on the VKOR enzyme. Because today only the most potent, but also most persistent anticoagulant rodenticides of the second generation remain available to control this strain, new rodenticide solutions are required. RESULTS: Feeding trials in the laboratory confirmed a significant level of efficacy, which was corroborated by field trials in the Munsterland resistance area. After frequency and level of resistance were assessed by blood clotting response tests, field trials were conducted with bait containing coumatetralyl at 375 mg kg(-1) and cholecalciferol at 50 mg kg(-1) or 100 mg kg(-1). Control success was 94% when a large rat infestation comprising 42% resistant animals was treated. Another field trial applying the combination to a rat population that had survived a preceding treatment with bromadiolone resulted in a 99.5% control success according to the first census day, but with some increase in rat activity during subsequent census days. CONCLUSION: The combination of coumatetralyl and cholecalciferol is a promising alternative approach to the most potent second-generation anticoagulants in resistance management, particularly in respect of environmental risks, such as secondary poisoning. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
KW  - rodent control
KW  - Norway rat
KW  - Rattus norvegicus
KW  - resistance
KW  - cholecalciferol
KW  - coumatetralyl
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4235
SN  - 1526-498X
SN  - 1526-4998
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 280
EP  - 286
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bricker, Jeremy D.
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Adhikari, Basanta Raj
A1  - Moriguchi, Shuji
A1  - Roeber, Volker
A1  - Giri, Sanjay
T1  - Performance of Models for Flash Flood Warning and Hazard Assessment
BT  - the 2015 Kali Gandaki Landslide Dam Breach in Nepal
JF  - Mountain research and development
N2  - The 2015 magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks weakened mountain slopes in Nepal. Co- and postseismic landsliding and the formation of landslide-dammed lakes along steeply dissected valleys were widespread, among them a landslide that dammed the Kali Gandaki River. Overtopping of the landslide dam resulted in a flash flood downstream, though casualties were prevented because of timely evacuation of low-lying areas. We hindcast the flood using the BREACH physically based dam-break model for upstream hydrograph generation, and compared the resulting maximum flow rate with those resulting from various empirical formulas and a simplified hydrograph based on published observations. Subsequent modeling of downstream flood propagation was compromised by a coarse-resolution digital elevation model with several artifacts. Thus, we used a digital-elevation-model preprocessing technique that combined carving and smoothing to derive topographic data. We then applied the 1-dimensional HEC-RAS model for downstream flood routing, and compared it to the 2-dimensional Delft-FLOW model. Simulations were validated using rectified frames of a video recorded by a resident during the flood in the village of Beni, allowing estimation of maximum flow depth and speed. Results show that hydrological smoothing is necessary when using coarse topographic data (such as SRTM or ASTER), as using raw topography underestimates flow depth and speed and overestimates flood wave arrival lag time. Results also show that the 2-dimensional model produces more accurate results than the 1-dimensional model but the 1-dimensional model generates a more conservative result and can be run in a much shorter time. Therefore, a 2-dimensional model is recommended for hazard assessment and planning, whereas a 1-dimensional model would facilitate real-time warning declaration.
KW  - Nepal
KW  - earthquake
KW  - landslide dam breach
KW  - flood
KW  - HEC-RAS
KW  - Delft-FLOW
KW  - steep mountain stream
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00043.1
SN  - 0276-4741
SN  - 1994-7151
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 15
PB  - International Mountain Society
CY  - Lawrence
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tritsch, Christian
A1  - Martens, Jochen
A1  - Sun, Yue-Hua
A1  - Heim, Wieland
A1  - Strutzenberger, Patrick
A1  - Päckert, Martin
T1  - Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma
BT  - a case study of two enigmatic Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae, Poecile)
JF  - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
N2  - A recent full species-level phylogeny of tits, titmice and chickadees (Paridae) has placed the Chinese endemic black-bibbed tit (Poecile hypermelaenus) as the sister to the Palearctic willow tit (P. montanus). Because this sister-group relationship is in striking disagreement with the traditional affiliation of P. hypermelaenus close to the marsh tit (P. palustris) we tested this phylogenetic hypothesis in a multi locus analysis with an extended taxon sampling including sixteen subspecies of willow tits and marsh tits. As a taxonomic reference we included type specimens in our analysis. The molecular genetic study was complemented with an analysis of biometric data obtained from museum specimens. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, including a comparison of all GenBank data available for our target species, clearly show that the genetic lineage previously identified as P. hypermelaenus actually refers to P. weigoldicus because sequences were identical to that of a syntype of this taxon. The close relationship of P. weigoldicus and P. montanus - despite large genetic distances between the two taxa - is in accordance with current taxonomy and systematics. In disagreement with the previous phylogenetic hypothesis but in accordance with most taxonomic authorities, all our P. hypermelaenus specimens fell in the sister Glade of all western and eastern Palearctic P. palustris. Though shared haplotypes among the Chinese populations of the two latter species might indicate mitochondrial introgression in this part of the breeding range, further research is needed here due to the limitations of our own sampling.
KW  - Poecile hypermelaenus
KW  - Poecile weigoldicus
KW  - Multi-locus phylogeny
KW  - Phylogeography
KW  - DNA barcoding
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014
SN  - 1055-7903
SN  - 1095-9513
VL  - 107
SP  - 538
EP  - 550
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maddock, Simon T.
A1  - Childerstone, Aaron
A1  - Fry, Bryan Grieg
A1  - Williams, David J.
A1  - Barlow, Axel
A1  - Wuester, Wolfgang
T1  - Multi-locus phylogeny and species delimitation of Australo-Papuan blacksnakes (Pseudechis Wagler, 1830: Elapidae: Serpentes)
JF  - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
N2  - Genetic analyses of Australasian organisms have resulted in the identification of extensive cryptic diversity across the continent. The venomous elapid snakes are among the best-studied organismal groups in this region, but many knowledge gaps persist: for instance, despite their iconic status, the species-level diversity among Australo-Papuan blacksnakes (Pseudechis) has remained poorly understood due to the existence of a group of cryptic species within the P. australis species complex, collectively termed "pygmy mulga snakes". Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear loci we assess species boundaries within the genus using Bayesian species delimitation methods and reconstruct their phylogenetic history using multispecies coalescent approaches. Our analyses support the recognition of 10 species, including all of the currently described pygmy mulga snakes and one undescribed species from the Northern Territory of Australia. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus are broadly consistent with previous work, with the recognition of three major groups, the viviparous red-bellied black snake P. porphyriacus forming the sister species to two clades consisting of ovoviviparous species.
KW  - Australia
KW  - New Guinea
KW  - Molecular phylogenetics
KW  - BPP
KW  - Snakes
KW  - Multispecies coalescent
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.005
SN  - 1055-7903
SN  - 1095-9513
VL  - 107
SP  - 48
EP  - 55
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nied, Manuela
A1  - Schröter, Kai
A1  - Lüdtke, Stefan
A1  - Nguyen, Viet Dung
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - What are the hydro-meteorological controls on flood characteristics?
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - Flood events can be expressed by a variety of characteristics such as flood magnitude and extent, event duration or incurred loss. Flood estimation and management may benefit from understanding how the different flood characteristics relate to the hydrological catchment conditions preceding the event and to the meteorological conditions throughout the event. In this study, we therefore propose a methodology to investigate the hydro-meteorological controls on different flood characteristics, based on the simulation of the complete flood risk chain from the flood triggering precipitation event, through runoff generation in the catchment, flood routing and possible inundation in the river system and floodplains to flood loss. Conditional cumulative distribution functions and regression tree analysis delineate the seasonal varying flood processes and indicate that the effect of the hydrological pre-conditions, i.e. soil moisture patterns, and of the meteorological conditions, i.e. weather patterns, depends on the considered flood characteristic. The methodology is exemplified for the Elbe catchment. In this catchment, the length of the build-up period, the event duration and the number of gauges undergoing at least a 10-year flood are governed by weather patterns. The affected length and the number of gauges undergoing at least a 2-year flood are however governed by soil moisture patterns. In case of flood severity and loss, the controlling factor is less pronounced. Severity is slightly governed by soil moisture patterns whereas loss is slightly governed by weather patterns. The study highlights that flood magnitude and extent arise from different flood generation processes and concludes that soil moisture patterns as well as weather patterns are not only beneficial to inform on possible flood occurrence but also on the involved flood processes and resulting flood characteristics.
KW  - Flood
KW  - Flood duration
KW  - Flood magnitude
KW  - Flood loss
KW  - Soil moisture patterns
KW  - Antecedent conditions
KW  - Weather patterns
KW  - Large basins
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.003
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 545
SP  - 310
EP  - 326
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wernicke, Sarah
A1  - de Witt Huberts, Jessie
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - The pain of being misunderstood
BT  - Invalidation of pain complaints in chronic low back pain patients
JF  - Journal of Health Psychology
N2  - A particular form of social pain is invalidation. Therefore, this study (a) investigates whether patients with chronic low back pain experience invalidation, (b) if it has an influence on their pain, and (c) explores whether various social sources (e.g. partner and work) influence physical pain differentially. A total of 92 patients completed questionnaires, and for analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted. They indicated a significant association between discounting and disability due to pain (respective β = .29, p > .05). Especially, discounting by partner was linked to higher disability (β = .28, p > .05).
KW  - chronic low back pain
KW  - disability
KW  - invalidation
KW  - social pain
KW  - social rejection
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315596371
SN  - 1359-1053
SN  - 1461-7277
VL  - 22
SP  - 135
EP  - 147
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esguerra, Alejandro
A1  - Beck, Silke
A1  - Lidskog, Rolf
T1  - Stakeholder Engagement in the Making
BT  - IPBES Legitimization Politics
JF  - Global environmental politics
N2  - A growing number of expert organizations aim to provide knowledge for global environmental policy-making. Recently, there have also been explicit calls for stakeholder engagement at the global level to make scientific knowledge relevant and usable on the ground. The newly established Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is one of the first international expert organizations to have systematically developed a strategy for stakeholder engagement in its own right. In this article, we analyze the emergence of this strategy. Employing the concept politics of legitimation, we examine how and for what reasons stakeholder engagement was introduced, justified, and finally endorsed, as well as its effects. The article explores the process of institutionalizing stakeholder engagement, as well as reconstructing the contestation of the operative norms (membership, tasks, and accountability) regulating the rules for this engagement. We conclude by discussing the broader importance of the findings for IPBES, as well as for international expert organizations in general.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00390
SN  - 1526-3800
SN  - 1536-0091
VL  - 17
SP  - 59
EP  - 76
PB  - MIT Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eichler, Sarah
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
A1  - Reibis, Rona
A1  - Nothroff, Jörg
A1  - Harnath, Axel
A1  - Schikora, Martin
A1  - Butter, Christian
A1  - Wegscheider, Karl
A1  - Völler, Heinz
T1  - Multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
BT  - predictors of functional and psychocognitive recovery
JF  - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology
N2  - Background: In the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a promising treatment modality for patients with aortic stenosis and a high surgical risk. Little is known about influencing factors of function and quality of life during multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: From October 2013 to July 2015, patients with elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation and a subsequent inpatient cardiac rehabilitation were enrolled in the prospective cohort multicentre study. Frailty-Index (including cognition, nutrition, autonomy and mobility), Short Form-12 (SF-12), six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and maximum work load in bicycle ergometry were performed at admission and discharge of cardiac rehabilitation. The relation between patient characteristics and improvements in 6MWD, maximum work load or SF-12 scales were studied univariately and multivariately using regression models. Results: One hundred and thirty-six patients (80.6 +/- 5.0 years, 47.8% male) were enrolled. 6MWD and maximum work load increased by 56.3 +/- 65.3 m (p < 0.001) and 8.0 +/- 14.9 watts (p < 0.001), respectively. An improvement in SF-12 (physical 2.5 +/- 8.7, p = 0.001, mental 3.4 +/- 10.2, p = 0.003) could be observed. In multivariate analysis, age and higher education were significantly associated with a reduced 6MWD, whereas cognition and obesity showed a positive predictive value. Higher cognition, nutrition and autonomy positively influenced the physical scale of SF-12. Additionally, the baseline values of SF-12 had an inverse impact on the change during cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation can improve functional capacity as well as quality of life and reduce frailty in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. An individually tailored therapy with special consideration of cognition and nutrition is needed to maintain autonomy and empower octogenarians in coping with challenges of everyday life.
KW  - Cardiac rehabilitation
KW  - TAVI
KW  - frailty
KW  - quality of life
KW  - exercise capacity
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316679527
SN  - 2047-4873
SN  - 2047-4881
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 257
EP  - 264
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Aboodarda, Saied J.
A1  - Sierra, Jose A. Benitez
A1  - Behm, David G.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Slower but not faster unilateral fatiguing knee extensions alter contralateral limb performance without impairment of maximal torque output
JF  - European journal of applied physiology
N2  - The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors at different movement velocities on neuromuscular performance in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. Unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors was induced in 11 healthy young men (23.7 +/- 3.8 years) at slower (60A degrees/s; FAT60) and faster movement velocities (240A degrees/s; FAT240) using an isokinetic dynamometer. A resting control (CON) condition was included. The fatigue protocols consisted of five sets of 15 maximal concentric knee extensions using the dominant leg. Before and after fatigue, peak isokinetic torque (PIT) and time to PIT (TTP) of the knee extensors as well as electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris muscles were assessed at 60 and 240A degrees/s movement velocities in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. In the fatigued leg, significantly greater PIT decrements were observed following FAT60 and FAT240 (11-19%) compared to CON (3-4%, p = .002, d = 2.3). Further, EMG activity increased in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscle following FAT240 only (8-28%, 0.018 <= p <=.024, d = 1.8). In the non-fatigued leg, shorter TTP values were found after the FAT60 protocol (11-15%, p = .023, d = 2.4). No significant changes were found for EMG data in the non-fatigued leg. The present study revealed that both slower and faster velocity fatiguing contractions failed to show any evidence of cross-over fatigue on PIT. However, unilateral knee extensor fatigue protocols conducted at slower movement velocities (i.e., 60A degrees/s) appear to modulate torque production on the non-fatigued side (evident in shorter TTP values).
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - Cross-over fatigue
KW  - Isokinetic
KW  - Movement velocity
KW  - Motor function
KW  - Central activation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3524-6
SN  - 1439-6319
SN  - 1439-6327
VL  - 117
SP  - 323
EP  - 334
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shubchynskyy, Volodymyr
A1  - Boniecka, Justyna
A1  - Schweighofer, Alois
A1  - Simulis, Justinas
A1  - Kvederaviciute, Kotryna
A1  - Stumpe, Michael
A1  - Mauch, Felix
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
A1  - Müller-Röber, Bernd
A1  - Boutrot, Freddy
A1  - Zipfel, Cyril
A1  - Meskiene, Irute
T1  - Protein phosphatase AP2C1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae
JF  - Journal of experimental botany
N2  - Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate plant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. However, less is known about the cell autonomous negative regulatory mechanism controlling basal plant immunity. We report the biological role of Arabidopsis thaliana MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 as a negative regulator of plant basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae. AP2C2, a closely related MAPK phosphatase, also negatively controls plant resistance. Loss of AP2C1 leads to enhanced pathogen-induced MAPK activities, increased callose deposition in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns or to P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, and enhanced resistance to bacterial infection with Pto. We also reveal the impact of AP2C1 on the global transcriptional reprogramming of transcription factors during Pto infection. Importantly, ap2c1 plants show salicylic acid-independent transcriptional reprogramming of several defense genes and enhanced ethylene production in response to Pto. This study pinpoints the specificity of MAPK regulation by the different MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1, which control the same MAPK substrates, nevertheless leading to different downstream events. We suggest that precise and specific control of defined MAPKs by MAPK phosphatases during plant challenge with pathogenic bacteria can strongly influence plant resistance.
KW  - Callose
KW  - defense genes
KW  - MAPK
KW  - MAPK phosphatase
KW  - PAMP
KW  - PP2C phosphatase
KW  - Pseudomonas syringae
KW  - salicylic acid
KW  - transcription factors
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw485
SN  - 0022-0957
SN  - 1460-2431
VL  - 68
IS  - 5
SP  - 1169
EP  - 1183
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heunisch, Fabian
A1  - Chaykovska, Lyubov
A1  - von Einem, Gina
A1  - Alter, Markus
A1  - Dschietzig, Thomas
A1  - Kretschmer, Axel
A1  - Kellner, Karl-Heinz
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - ADMA predicts major adverse renal events in patients with mild renal impairment and/or diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary angiography
JF  - Medicine
N2  - Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO)-synthase and a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED plays an important role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The aim of our study was to evaluate serum ADMA concentration as a biomarker of an acute renal damage during the follow-up of 90 days after contrast medium (CM) application. Blood samples were obtained from 330 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus or mild renal impairment immediately before, 24 and 48 hours after the CM application for coronary angiography. The patients were followed for 90 days. The composite endpoints were major adverse renal events (MARE) defined as occurrence of death, initiation of dialysis, or a doubling of serum creatinine concentration. Overall, ADMA concentration in plasma increased after CM application, although, there was no differences between ADMA levels in patients with and without CIN. ADMA concentration 24 hours after the CM application was predictive for dialysis with a specificity of 0.889 and sensitivity of 0.653 at values higher than 0.71 mu mol/L (area under the curve: 0.854, 95% confidential interval: 0.767-0.941, P<0.001). This association remained significant in multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for relevant factors of long-term renal outcome. 24 hours after the CM application, ADMA concentration in plasma was predictive for MARE with a specificity of 0.833 and sensitivity of 0.636 at a value of more than 0.70 mu mol/L (area under the curve: 0.750, 95% confidence interval: 0.602-0.897, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that ADMA and anemia were significant predictors of MARE. Further analysis revealed that increased ADMA concentration in plasma was highly significant predictor of MARE in patients with CIN. Moreover, patients with CIN and MARE had the highest plasma ADMA levels 24 hours after CM exposure in our study cohort. The impact of ADMA on MARE was independent of such known CIN risk factors as anemia, pre-existing renal failure, pre-existing heart failure, and diabetes. ADMA concentration in plasma is a promising novel biomarker of major contrast-induced nephropathy-associated events 90 days after contrast media exposure.
KW  - asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
KW  - biomarkers of renal failure
KW  - contrast-induced nephropathy
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006065
SN  - 0025-7974
SN  - 1536-5964
VL  - 96
IS  - 6
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eppner, Sebastian
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
T1  - Institutional veto players and cabinet formation
BT  - the veto control hypothesis reconsidered
JF  - European journal of political research : official journal of the European Consortium for Political Research
N2  - Are potential cabinets more likely to form when they control institutional veto players such as symmetric second chambers or minority vetoes? Existing evidence for a causal effect of veto control has been weak. This article presents evidence for this effect on the basis of conditional and mixed logit analyses of government formations in 21 parliamentary and semi-presidential democracies between 1955 and 2012. It also shows that the size of the effect varies systematically across political-institutional contexts. The estimated causal effect was greater in countries that eventually abolished the relevant veto institutions. It is suggested that the incidence of constitutional reform is a proxy for context-specific factors that increased the incentives for veto control and simultaneously provided a stimulus for the weakening of institutional veto power.
KW  - government formation
KW  - veto players
KW  - second chambers
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12172
SN  - 0304-4130
SN  - 1475-6765
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
SP  - 169
EP  - 186
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apelt, Maja
A1  - Besio, Cristina
A1  - Corsi, Giancarlo
A1  - von Groddeck, Victoria
A1  - Grothe-Hammer, Michael
A1  - Tacke, Veronika
T1  - Resurrecting organization without renouncing society
BT  - a response to Ahrne, Brunsson and Seidl
JF  - European management journal
N2  - In a recent article in this journal, Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl (2016) suggest a definition of organization as a ‘decided social order’ composed of five elements (membership, rules, hierarchies, monitoring, and sanctions) which rest on decisions. ‘Partial organization’ uses only one or a few of these decidable elements while ‘complete organization’ uses them all. Such decided orders may also occur outside formal organizations, as the authors observe. Although we appreciate the idea of improving our understanding of organization(s) in modern society, we believe that Ahrne, Brunsson, and Seidl's suggestion jeopardizes the concept of organization by blurring its specific meaning. As the authors already draw on the work of Niklas Luhmann, we propose taking this exploration a step further and the potential of systems theory more seriously. Organizational analysis would then be able to retain a distinctive notion of formal organization on the one hand while benefiting from an encompassing theory of modern society on the other. With this extended conceptual framework, we would expect to gain a deeper understanding of how organizations implement and shape different societal realms as well as mediate between their particular logics, and, not least, how they are related to non-organizational social forms (e.g. families).
KW  - Partial organization
KW  - Formal organization
KW  - Organization theory
KW  - Niklas
KW  - Luhmann
KW  - Functional differentiation
KW  - Organizations and society
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2017.01.002
SN  - 0263-2373
SN  - 1873-5681
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 14
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Svenja
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Weight, shape, and muscularity concerns in male and female adolescents
BT  - predictors of change and influences on eating concern
JF  - The international journal of eating disorders
N2  - Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age and weight status on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and its change over 20 months in a gender-comparing design. The influence of body image concern on eating concern was also investigated.
Method:
In a prospective study, 675 male and female adolescents aged 12–16 were assessed using self-report questionnaires on weight, shape, muscularity, and eating concerns. Height and weight measurements were taken by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results:
Analyses of latent means revealed more pronounced weight/shape concern in females than males and more pronounced muscularity concern in males than females. Weight/shape concern increased in females over time, whereas muscularity concern remained stable in both genders. Baseline levels of weight/shape concern could be predicted by age and weight status in females and by weight status in males. The only predictor of change in weight/shape concern was weight status in males. Baseline levels of muscularity concern could be predicted by age in females and by weight status in males. Similar effects were found for changes in muscularity concern in both genders. Increases in weight/shape and muscularity concern were associated with more pronounced eating concern.
Discussion:
The results confirm gender differences in distinctive facets of body image concern and its prediction. The relevance of increase in body image concern in adolescents is underlined by its association with eating concern in both genders. Further explanatory variables for change in body dissatisfaction should be examined in future studies.
KW  - weight and shape concern
KW  - muscularity concern
KW  - eating concern
KW  - gender
KW  - adolescence
KW  - prospective
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22635
SN  - 0276-3478
SN  - 1098-108X
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 139
EP  - 147
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Penk, Christiane
A1  - Richter, Dirk
T1  - Erratum to: Penk, Christiane, Richter, Dirk: Change in test-taking motivation and its relationship to test performance in low-stakes assessments. - (Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. - 29 (2017), S. 55 – 79. - doi.org/10.1007/s11092-016-9248-7)
T2  - Educational assessment, evaluation and accountability
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-016-9249-6
SN  - 1874-8597
SN  - 1874-8600
VL  - 29
SP  - 81
EP  - 82
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Penk, Christiane
A1  - Richter, Dirk
T1  - Change in test-taking motivation and its relationship to test performance in low-stakes assessments
JF  - Educational assessment, evaluation and accountability
N2  - Since the turn of the century, an increasing number of low-stakes assessments (i.e., assessments without direct consequences for the test-takers) are being used to evaluate the quality of educational systems. Internationally, research has shown that low-stakes test results can be biased due to students’ low test-taking motivation and that students’ effort levels can vary throughout a testing session involving both cognitive and noncognitive tests. Thus, it is possible that students’ motivation varies throughout a single cognitive test and in turn affects test performance. This study examines the change in test-taking motivation within a 2-h cognitive low-stakes test and its association with test performance. Based on expectancy-value theory, we assessed three components of test-taking motivation (expectancy for success, value, and effort) and investigated its change. Using data from a large-scale student achievement study of German ninth-graders, we employed second-order latent growth modeling and structural equation modeling to predict test performance in mathematics. On average, students’ effort and perceived value of the test decreased, whereas expectancy for success remained stable. Overall, initial test-taking motivation was a better predictor of test performance than change in motivation. Only the variability of change in the expectancy component was positively related to test performance. The theoretical and practical implications for test practitioners are discussed.
KW  - Test-taking motivation
KW  - Low-stakes tests
KW  - Large-scale assessments
KW  - Expectancy-value theory
KW  - Growth modeling
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-016-9248-7
SN  - 1874-8597
SN  - 1874-8600
VL  - 29
SP  - 55
EP  - 79
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sun, Ning-Chen
A1  - de Grijs, Richard
A1  - Subramanian, Smitha
A1  - Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.
A1  - Rubele, Stefano
A1  - Bekki, Kenji
A1  - Ivanov, Valentin D.
A1  - Piatti, Andrés E.
A1  - Ripepi, Vincenzo
T1  - The VMC Survey. XXII. Hierarchical star formation in the 30 Doradus-N158-N159-N160 star-forming complex
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We study the hierarchical stellar structures in a similar to 1.5 deg(2) area covering the 30. Doradus-N158-N159-N160 starforming complex with the VISTA Survey of. Magellanic Clouds. Based on the young upper main-sequence stars, we find that the surface densities cover a wide range of values, from log(Sigma.pc(2))less than or similar to -2.0 to log(Sigma. pc(2)) greater than or similar to 0.0. Their distributions are highly non-uniform, showing groups that frequently have subgroups inside. The sizes of the stellar groups do not exhibit characteristic values, and range continuously from several parsecs to more than 100. pc; the cumulative size distribution can be well described by a single power law, with the power-law index indicating a projected fractal dimension D-2 = 1.6 +/- 0.3. We suggest that the phenomena revealed here support a scenario of hierarchical star formation. Comparisons with other star-forming regions and galaxies are also discussed.
KW  - galaxies: clusters: general
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - stars: formation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/171
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 835
IS  - 2
PB  - Institute of Physics Publ.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan
A1  - Natali, Marco
A1  - Donati, Giovanni P.
A1  - Muccini, Michele
A1  - Toffanin, Stefano
T1  - Charge-exciton interaction rate in organic field-effect transistors by means of transient photoluminescence electromodulated spectroscopy
JF  - ACS photonics
N2  - Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) offer a huge potential for the design of highly integrated multifunctional optoelectronic systems and of intense nano scale light sources, such as the long-searched-for electrically pumped organic laser. In order to fulfill these promises, the efficiency and brightness of the current state-of-the-art devices have to be increased significantly. The dominating quenching process limiting the external quantum efficiency in OLETs is charge-exciton interaction. A comprehensive understanding of this quenching process is therefore of paramount importance. The present article reports a systematic investigation of charge-exciton interaction in organic transistors employing time resolved photoluminescence electro-modulation (PLEM) spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale. The results show that the injected charges reduce the exciton radiative recombination in two ways: (i) charges may prevent the generation of excitons and (ii) charges activate a further nonradiative channel for the exciton decay. Moreover, the transient PLEM measurements clearly reveal that not only trapped charges, as already reported in literature, but rather the entire injected charge density contributes to the quenching of the exciton population.
KW  - photoluminescence quenching
KW  - charge density
KW  - exciton dynamics
KW  - organic
KW  - field-effect transistor
KW  - light emission
KW  - optical spectroscopy
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00573
SN  - 2330-4022
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
SP  - 282
EP  - 291
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - George, Elizabeth
A1  - Kearney, Eric
T1  - Editorial
T2  - Organizational psychology review
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386617690945
SN  - 2041-3866
SN  - 2041-3874
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 3
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rackwitz, Jenny
A1  - Ranković, Miloš Lj.
A1  - Milosavljević, Aleksandar R.
A1  - Bald, Ilko
T1  - A novel setup for the determination of absolute cross sections for low-energy electron induced strand breaks in oligonucleotides
BT  - the effect of the radiosensitizer 5-fluorouracil*
JF  - The European physical journal : D, Atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics
N2  - Low-energy electrons (LEEs) play an important role in DNA radiation damage. Here we present a method to quantify LEE induced strand breakage in well-defined oligonucleotide single strands in terms of absolute cross sections. An LEE irradiation setup covering electron energies <500 eV is constructed and optimized to irradiate DNA origami triangles carrying well-defined oligonucleotide target strands. Measurements are presented for 10.0 and 5.5 eV for different oligonucleotide targets. The determination of absolute strand break cross sections is performed by atomic force microscopy analysis. An accurate fluence determination ensures small margins of error of the determined absolute single strand break cross sections sigma SSB. In this way, the influence of sequence modification with the radiosensitive 5-Fluorouracil (U-5F) is studied using an absolute and relative data analysis. We demonstrate an increase in the strand break yields of U-5F containing oligonucleotides by a factor of 1.5 to 1.6 compared with non-modified oligonucleotide sequences when irradiated with 10 eV electrons.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2016-70608-4
SN  - 1434-6060
SN  - 1434-6079
VL  - 71
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Almeida, Leonardo A.
A1  - Sana, H.
A1  - Taylor, W.
A1  - Barbá, Rodolfo
A1  - Bonanos, Alceste Z.
A1  - Crowther, Paul
A1  - Damineli, Augusto
A1  - de Koter, A.
A1  - de Mink, Selma E.
A1  - Evans, C. J.
A1  - Gieles, Mark
A1  - Grin, Nathan J.
A1  - Hénault-Brunet, V.
A1  - Langer, Norbert
A1  - Lennon, D.
A1  - Lockwood, Sean
A1  - Maíz Apellániz, Jesús
A1  - Moffat, A. F. J.
A1  - Neijssel, C.
A1  - Norman, C.
A1  - Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H.
A1  - Richardson, N. D.
A1  - Schootemeijer, Abel
A1  - Shenar, Tomer
A1  - Soszyński, Igor
A1  - Tramper, Frank
A1  - Vink, J. S.
T1  - The tarantula massive binary monitoring
BT  - I. Observational campaign and OB-type spectroscopic binaries
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context:
Massive binaries play a crucial role in the Universe. Knowing the distributions of their orbital parameters is important for a wide range of topics from stellar feedback to binary evolution channels and from the distribution of supernova types to gravitational wave progenitors, yet no direct measurements exist outside the Milky Way.
Aims:
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring project was designed to help fill this gap by obtaining multi-epoch radial velocity (RV) monitoring of 102 massive binaries in the 30 Doradus region.
Methods: 
In this paper we analyze 32 FLAMES/GIRAFFE observations of 93 O- and 7 B-type binaries. We performed a Fourier analysis and obtained orbital solutions for 82 systems: 51 single-lined (SB1) and 31 double-lined (SB2) spectroscopic binaries.
Results: 
Overall, the binary fraction and orbital properties across the 30 Doradus region are found to be similar to existing Galactic samples. This indicates that within these domains environmental effects are of second order in shaping the properties of massive binary systems. A small difference is found in the distribution of orbital periods, which is slightly flatter (in log space) in 30 Doradus than in the Galaxy, although this may be compatible within error estimates and differences in the fitting methodology. Also, orbital periods in 30 Doradus can be as short as 1.1 d, somewhat shorter than seen in Galactic samples. Equal mass binaries (q> 0.95) in 30 Doradus are all found outside NGC 2070, the central association that surrounds R136a, the very young and massive cluster at 30 Doradus’s core. Most of the differences, albeit small, are compatible with expectations from binary evolution. One outstanding exception, however, is the fact that earlier spectral types (O2–O7) tend to have shorter orbital periods than later spectral types (O9.2–O9.7).
Conclusions: 
Our results point to a relative universality of the incidence rate of massive binaries and their orbital properties in the metallicity range from solar (Z⊙) to about half solar. This provides the first direct constraints on massive binary properties in massive star-forming galaxies at the Universe’s peak of star formation at redshifts z ~ 1 to 2 which are estimated to have Z ~ 0.5 Z⊙.
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - binaries: close
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629844
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 598
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shenar, Tomer
A1  - Richardson, N. D.
A1  - Sablowski, Daniel P.
A1  - Hainich, Rainer
A1  - Sana, H.
A1  - Moffat, A. F. J.
A1  - Todt, Helge Tobias
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
A1  - Oskinova, Lidia M.
A1  - Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph
A1  - Tramper, Frank
A1  - Langer, Norbert
A1  - Bonanos, Alceste Z.
A1  - de Mink, Selma E.
A1  - Gräfener, G.
A1  - Crowther, Paul
A1  - Vink, J. S.
A1  - Almeida, Leonardo A.
A1  - de Koter, A.
A1  - Barbá, Rodolfo
A1  - Herrero, A.
A1  - Ulaczyk, Krzysztof
T1  - The tarantula massive binary monitoring
BT  - II. First SB2 orbital and spectroscopic analysis for the Wolf-Rayet binary R145
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - We present the first SB2 orbital solution and disentanglement of the massive Wolf-Rayet binary R145 (P = 159 d) located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The primary was claimed to have a stellar mass greater than 300 M-circle dot, making it a candidate for being the most massive star known to date. While the primary is a known late-type, H-rich Wolf-Rayet star (WN6h), the secondary has so far not been unambiguously detected. Using moderate-resolution spectra, we are able to derive accurate radial velocities for both components. By performing simultaneous orbital and polarimetric analyses, we derive the complete set of orbital parameters, including the inclination. The spectra are disentangled and spectroscopically analyzed, and an analysis of the wind-wind collision zone is conducted. The disentangled spectra and our models are consistent with a WN6h type for the primary and suggest that the secondary is an O3.5 If*/WN7 type star. We derive a high eccentricity of e = 0 : 78 and minimum masses of M-1 sin(3) i approximate to M-2 sin(3) i = 13 +/- 2 M-circle dot, with q = M-2/M-1 = 1.01 +/- 0.07. An analysis of emission excess stemming from a wind-wind collision yields an inclination similar to that obtained from polarimetry (i = 39 +/- 6 degrees). Our analysis thus implies M-1 = 53(-20)(+40) and M2 = 54(-20)(+40) M-circle dot, excluding M-1 > 300 M-circle dot. A detailed comparison with evolution tracks calculated for single and binary stars together with the high eccentricity suggests that the components of the system underwent quasi-homogeneous evolution and avoided mass-transfer. This scenario would suggest current masses of approximate to 80 M-circle dot and initial masses of M-i,M-1 approximate to 10(5) and M-i,M-2 approximate to 90 M-circle dot, consistent with the upper limits of our derived orbital masses, and would imply an age of approximate to 2.2 Myr.
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - stars: individual: R 145
KW  - stars: atmospheres
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629621
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 598
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cabral, Juliano Sarmento
A1  - Valente, Luis
A1  - Hartig, Florian
T1  - Mechanistic simulation models in macroecology and biogeography
BT  - state-of-art and prospects
JF  - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology
N2  - Macroecology and biogeography are concerned with understanding biodiversity patterns across space and time. In the past, the two disciplines have addressed this question mainly with correlative approaches, despite frequent calls for more mechanistic explanations. Recent advances in computational power, theoretical understanding, and statistical tools are, however, currently facilitating the development of more system-oriented, mechanistic models. We review these models, identify different model types and theoretical frameworks, compare their processes and properties, and summarize emergent findings. We show that ecological (physiology, demographics, dispersal, biotic interactions) and evolutionary processes, as well as environmental and human-induced drivers, are increasingly modelled mechanistically; and that new insights into biodiversity dynamics emerge from these models. Yet, substantial challenges still lie ahead for this young research field. Among these, we identify scaling, calibration, validation, and balancing complexity as pressing issues. Moreover, particular process combinations are still understudied, and so far models tend to be developed for specific applications. Future work should aim at developing more flexible and modular models that not only allow different ecological theories to be expressed and contrasted, but which are also built for tight integration with all macroecological data sources. Moving the field towards such a ‘systems macroecology’ will test and improve our understanding of the causal pathways through which eco-evolutionary processes create diversity patterns across spatial and temporal scales.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02480
SN  - 0906-7590
SN  - 1600-0587
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 267
EP  - 280
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, H.
A1  - Abramowski, A.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, F. Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Andersson, T.
A1  - Anguener, E. O.
A1  - Arrieta, M.
A1  - Aubert, P.
A1  - Backes, M.
A1  - Balzer, A.
A1  - Barnard, M.
A1  - Becherini, Y.
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Berge, D.
A1  - Bernhard, S.
A1  - Bernlorhr, K.
A1  - Blackwell, R.
A1  - Bottcher, M.
A1  - Boisson, C.
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Bregeon, J.
A1  - Brun, F.
A1  - Brun, P.
A1  - Bryan, M.
A1  - Bulik, T.
A1  - Capasso, M.
A1  - Carr, J.
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chakraborty, N.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, R. C. G.
A1  - Chen, A.
A1  - Chevalier, J.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, S.
A1  - Cologna, G.
A1  - Condon, B.
A1  - Conrad, J.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Decock, J.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Devin, J.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dirson, L.
A1  - Djannati-Atai, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Donath, A.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Ernenwein, J. -P.
A1  - Eschbach, S.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gabici, S.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, D.
A1  - Goyal, A.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Hadasch, D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Haupt, M.
A1  - Hawkes, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hinton, J. A.
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hoischen, Clemens
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Ivascenko, A.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, D.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jingo, M.
A1  - Jogler, T.
A1  - Jouvin, L.
A1  - Jung-Richardt, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kerszberg, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Er, M. Kie Ff
A1  - King, J.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Kraus, M.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Kruger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lau, J.
A1  - Lees, J. -P.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lefranc, V.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Leser, E.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lorentz, M.
A1  - Liu, R.
A1  - Lopez-Coto, R.
A1  - Lypova, I.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Mariaud, C.
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Mitchell, A. M. W.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mohrmann, L.
A1  - Mora, K.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Niederwanger, F.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Oettl, S.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Padovani, M.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perennes, C.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Piel, Q.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Prokhorov, D.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Salek, D.
A1  - Sanchez, D. A.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Sasaki, M.
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schussler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Settimo, M.
A1  - Seyffert, A. S.
A1  - Shafi, N.
A1  - Shilon, I.
A1  - Simoni, R.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spanier, F.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spies, F.
A1  - Ert, Ff
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian Michael
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, I.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tibaldo, L.
A1  - Tiziani, D.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Tuffs, R.
A1  - Uchiyama, Y.
A1  - van der Walt, D. J.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Rensburg, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Voisin, F.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wadiasingh, Z.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zaborov, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zefi, F.
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Zywucka, N.
T1  - Characterizing the gamma-ray long-term variability of PKS2155 304 with HESS and Fermi-LAT
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Studying the temporal variability of BL Lac objects at the highest energies provides unique insights into the extreme physical processes occurring in relativistic jets and in the vicinity of super-massive black holes. To this end, the long-term variability of the BL Lac object PKS 2155 304 is analyzed in the high (HE, 100MeV < E < 300 GeV) and very high energy (VHE, E > 200 GeV) gamma-ray domain. Over the course of similar to 9 yr of H. E. S. S. observations the VHE light curve in the quiescent state is consistent with a log-normal behavior. The VHE variability in this state is well described by flicker noise (power-spectral-density index beta(VHE) = 1 .10(+ 0 : 10) (0 : 13)) on timescales larger than one day. An analysis of similar to 5.5 yr of HE Fermi-LAT data gives consistent results (beta(HE) = 1 : 20(+ 0 : 21) (0 : 23), on timescales larger than 10 days) compatible with the VHE findings. The HE and VHE power spectral densities show a scale invariance across the probed time ranges. A direct linear correlation between the VHE and HE fluxes could neither be excluded nor firmly established. These long-term-variability properties are discussed and compared to the red noise behavior (beta similar to 2) seen on shorter timescales during VHE-flaring states. The difference in power spectral noise behavior at VHE energies during quiescent and flaring states provides evidence that these states are influenced by different physical processes, while the compatibility of the HE and VHE long-term results is suggestive of a common physical link as it might be introduced by an underlying jet-disk connection.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - galaxies: jets
KW  - galaxies: nuclei
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629419
SN  - 1432-0746
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 598
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beijersbergen, Chantal M. I.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Gaebler, Martijn
A1  - DeVita, Paul
A1  - Hortobagyi, Tibor
T1  - Hip mechanics underlie lower extremity power training-induced increase  in old adults’ fast gait velocity
BT  - the Potsdam Gait Study (POGS)
JF  - Gait & posture
N2  - Methods: As part of the Potsdam Gait Study (POGS), healthy old adults completed a no-intervention control period (69.1 +/- 4A yrs, n =14) or a power training program followed by detraining (72.9 +/- 5.4 yrs, n = 15).We measured isokinetic knee extensor and plantarflexor power and measured hip, knee and ankle kinetics at habitual, fast and standardized walking speeds. Results: Power training significantly increased isokinetic knee extensor power (25%), plantarflexor power (43%), and fast gait velocity (5.9%). Gait mechanics underlying the improved fast gait velocity included increases in hip angular impulse (29%) and H1 work (37%) and no changes in positive knee (K2) and A2 work. Detraining further improved fast gait velocity (4.7%) with reductions in H1(-35%), and increases in K2 (36%) and A2 (7%). Conclusion: Power training increased fast gait velocity in healthy old adults by increasing the reliance on hip muscle function and thus further strengthened the age-related distal-to-proximal shift in muscle function. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Walking
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Detraining
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Exercise
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.024
SN  - 0966-6362
SN  - 1879-2219
VL  - 52
SP  - 338
EP  - 344
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergholz, Kolja
A1  - May, Felix
A1  - Giladi, Itamar
A1  - Ristow, Michael
A1  - Ziv, Yaron
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Environmental heterogeneity drives fine-scale species assembly and functional diversity of annual plants in a semi-arid environment
JF  - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics
N2  - Spatial environmental heterogeneity is considered a fundamental factor for the maintenance of plant species richness. However, it still remains unclear whether heterogeneity may also facilitate coexistence at fine grain sizes or whether other processes, like mass effects and source sink dynamics due to dispersal, control species composition and diversity at these scales. In this study, we used two complimentary analyses to identify the role of heterogeneity within 15 m x 15 m plots for the coexistence of species-rich annual communities in a semi-arid environment along a steep precipitation gradient. Specifically, we: (a) analyzed the effect of environmental heterogeneity on species, functional and phylogenetic diversity within microsites (alpha diversity, 0.06 m(2) and 1 m(2)), across microsites (beta diversity), and diversity at the entire plot (gamma diversity); (b) further we used two null models to detect non-random trait and phylogenetic patterns in order to infer assembly processes, i.e. whether co-occurring species tend to share similar traits (trait convergence) or dissimilar traits (trait divergence). In general, our results showed that heterogeneity had a positive effect on community diversity. Specifically, for alpha diversity, the effect was significant for functional diversity, and not significant for either species or phylogenetic diversities. For beta diversity, all three measures of community diversity (species, functional, and phylogenetic) increased significantly, as they also did for gamma diversity, where functional measures were again stronger than for species or phylogenetic measures. In addition, the null model approach consistently detected trait convergence, indicating that species with similar traits tended to co-occur and had high abundances in a given microsite. While null model analysis across the phylogeny partly supported these trait findings, showing phylogenetic underdispersion at the 1m(2) grain size, surprisingly when species abundances in microsites were analyzed they were more evenly distributed across the phylogenetic tress than expected (phylogenetic overdispersion). In conclusion, our results provide compelling support that environmental heterogeneity at a relatively fine scale is an important factor for species co-existence as it positively affects diversity as well as influences species assembly. Our study underlines the need for trait-based approaches conducted at fine grain sizes in order to better understand species coexistence and community assembly. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
KW  - Community assembly
KW  - Plant functional trait
KW  - Habitat heterogeneity
KW  - Limiting similarity
KW  - Environmental filtering
KW  - Heterogeneity species diversity relationship
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2017.01.001
SN  - 1433-8319
VL  - 24
SP  - 138
EP  - 146
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Grisic, Ana-Marija
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Reinisch, W.
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - P485 Dosing infliximab in Crohn's disease
BT  - is adjustment for body size justified?
T2  - Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
N2  - Background: Infliximab (IFX), an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, is dosed per kg body weight (BW). However, the rationale for body size adjustment has not been unequivocally demonstrated [1], and first attempts to improve IFX therapy have been undertaken [2]. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of different dosing strategies (i.e. body size-adjusted and fixed dosing) on drug exposure and pharmacokinetic (PK) target attainment. For this purpose, a comprehensive simulation study was performed, using patient characteristics (n=116) from an in-house clinical database.

Methods: IFX concentration-time profiles of 1000 virtual, clinically representative patients were generated using a previously published PK model for IFX in patients with Crohn's disease [3]. For each patient 1000 profiles accounting for PK variability were considered. The IFX exposure during maintenance treatment after the following dosing strategies was compared: i) fixed dose, and per ii) BW, iii) lean BW (LBW), iv) body surface area (BSA), v) height (HT), vi) body mass index (BMI) and vii) fat-free mass (FFM)). For each dosing strategy the variability in maximum concentration Cmax, minimum concentration Cmin (= C8weeks) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), as well as percent of patients achieving the PK target, Cmin=3 μg/mL [4] were assessed.

Results: For all dosing strategies the variability of Cmin (CV ≈110%) was highest, compared to Cmax and AUC, and was of similar extent regardless of dosing strategy. The proportion of patients reaching the PK target (≈⅓ was approximately equal for all dosing strategies.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx002.609
SN  - 1873-9946
SN  - 1876-4479
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - S325
EP  - S326
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Archer, A.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Buchovecky, M.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Alonso, M. Fernandez
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Fleischhack, H.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Hutten, M.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Johnson, C. A.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kar, P.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krause, M.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Lin, T. T. Y.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Nieto, D.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Pueschel, Elisa
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Richards, G. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Rovero, A. C.
A1  - Sadeh, I.
A1  - Shahinyan, K.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Weisgarber, T.
A1  - Wilcox, P.
A1  - Wilhelm, Alina
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - Search for Magnetically Broadened Cascade Emission from Blazars with VERITAS
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We present a search for magnetically broadened gamma-ray emission around active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using VERITAS observations of seven hard-spectrum blazars. A cascade process occurs when multi-TeV gamma-rays from an AGN interact with extragalactic background light (EBL) photons to produce electron-positron pairs, which then interact with cosmic microwave background photons via inverse-Compton scattering to produce gamma-rays. Due to the deflection of the electron- positron pairs, a non-zero intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) would potentially produce detectable effects on the angular distribution of the cascade emission. In particular, an angular broadening compared to the unscattered emission could occur. Through non-detection of angularly broadened emission from 1ES 1218 vertical bar 304, the source with the largest predicted cascade fraction, we exclude a range of IGMF strengths around 10(-14) G at the 95% confidence level. The extent of the exclusion range varies with the assumptions made about the intrinsic spectrum of 1ES. 1218+304 and the EBL model used in the simulation of the cascade process. All of the sources are used to set limits on the flux due to extended emission.
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - magnetic fields
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/288
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 835
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warren, Donald C.
A1  - Ellison, Donald C.
A1  - Barkov, Maxim V.
A1  - Nagataki, Shigehiro
T1  - Nonlinear Particle Acceleration and Thermal Particles in GRB Afterglows
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - The standard model for GRB afterglow emission treats the accelerated electron population as a simple power law, N(E) proportional to E-p for p greater than or similar to 2. However, in standard Fermi shock acceleration, a substantial fraction of the swept-up particles do not enter the acceleration process at all. Additionally, if acceleration is efficient, then the nonlinear back-reaction of accelerated particles on the shock structure modifies the shape of the nonthermal tail of the particle spectra. Both of these modifications to the standard synchrotron afterglow impact the luminosity, spectra, and temporal variation of the afterglow. To examine the effects of including thermal particles and nonlinear particle acceleration on afterglow emission, we follow a hydrodynamical model for an afterglow jet and simulate acceleration at numerous points during the evolution. When thermal particles are included, we find that the electron population is at no time well fitted by a single power law, though the highest-energy electrons are; if the acceleration is efficient, then the power-law region is even smaller. Our model predicts hard-soft-hard spectral evolution at X-ray energies, as well as an uncoupled X-ray and optical light curve. Additionally, we show that including emission from thermal particles has drastic effects (increases by factors of 100 and 30, respectively) on the observed flux at optical and GeV energies. This enhancement of GeV emission makes afterglow detections by future gamma-ray observatories, such as CTA, very likely.
KW  - acceleration of particles
KW  - cosmic rays
KW  - gamma-ray burst: general
KW  - shock waves
KW  - turbulence
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa56c3
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 835
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Postnov, K.
A1  - Oskinova, Lidia M.
A1  - Torrejon, J. M.
T1  - A propelling neutron star in the enigmatic Be-star gamma Cassiopeia
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - gamma Cassiopeia (gamma Cas), is known to be a binary system consisting of a Be-type star and a low-mass (M similar to 1M(circle dot)) companion of unknown nature orbiting in the Be-disc plane. Here, we apply the quasi-spherical accretion theory on to a compact magnetized star and show that if the low-mass companion of gamma Cas is a fast spinning neutron star, the key observational signatures of. Cas are remarkably well reproduced. Direct accretion on to this fast rotating neutron star is impeded by the propeller mechanism. In this case, around the neutron star magnetosphere a hot shell is formed which emits thermal X-rays in qualitative and quantitative agreement with observed properties of the X-ray emission from gamma Cas. We suggest that gamma Cas and its analogues constitute a new subclass of Be-type X-ray binaries hosting rapidly rotating neutron stars formed in supernova explosions with small kicks. The subsequent evolutionary stage of gamma Cas and its analogues should be the X Per-type binaries comprising low-luminosity slowly rotating X-ray pulsars. The model explains the enigmatic X-ray emission from gamma Cas, and also establishes evolutionary connections between various types of rotating magnetized neutron stars in Be-binaries.
KW  - stars: emission-line, Be
KW  - stars: neutron
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw223
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 465
IS  - 1
SP  - L119
EP  - L123
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Valente, Luis
A1  - Etienne, Rampal S.
A1  - Davalos, Liliana M.
T1  - Recent extinctions disturb path to equilibrium diversity in Caribbean bats
JF  - Nature Ecology & Evolution
N2  - Islands are ideal systems to model temporal changes in biodiversity and reveal the influence of humans on natural communities. Although theory predicts biodiversity on islands tends towards an equilibrium value, the recent extinction of large proportions of island biotas complicates testing this model. The well-preserved subfossil record of Caribbean bats-involving multiple insular radiations-provides a rare opportunity to model diversity dynamics in an insular community. Here, we reconstruct the diversity trajectory in noctilionoid bats of the Greater Antilles by applying a dynamic model of colonization, extinction and speciation to phylogenetic and palaeontological data including all known extinct and extant species. We show species richness asymptotes to an equilibrium value, a demonstration of natural equilibrium dynamics across an entire community. However, recent extinctions-many caused by humans-have wiped out nearly a third of island lineages, dragging diversity away from equilibrium. Using a metric to measure island biodiversity loss, we estimate it will take at least eight million years to regain pre-human diversity levels. Our integrative approach reveals how anthropogenic extinctions can drastically alter the natural trajectory of biological communities, resulting in evolutionary disequilibrium.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0026
SN  - 2397-334X
VL  - 1
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kelly, Mary Allison
A1  - Roland, Steffen
A1  - Zhang, Qianqian
A1  - Lee, Youngmin
A1  - Kabius, Bernd
A1  - Wang, Qing
A1  - Gomez, Enrique D.
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - You, Wei
T1  - Incorporating Fluorine Substitution into Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cells
BT  - three Different Means, Same Results
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
N2  - Fluorinating conjugated polymers is a proven strategy for creating high performance materials in polymer solar cells, yet few studies have investigated the importance of the fluorination method. We compare the performance of three fluorinated systems: a poly(benzodithieno-dithienyltriazole) (PBnDT-XTAZ) random copolymer where 50% of the acceptor units are difluorinated, PBnDT-mFTAZ where every acceptor unit is monofluorinated, and a 1:1 physical blend of the difluorinated and nonfluorinated polymer. All systems have the same degree of fluorination (50%) yet via different methods (chemically vs physically, random vs regular). We show that these three systems have equivalent photovoltaic behavior:,similar to 5.2% efficiency with a short-circuit current (J(sc)) at,similar to 11 mA cm(-2), an open-circuit voltage (v(oc)) at 0.77 V, and a fill factor (FF) of similar to 60%. Further investigation of these three systems demonstrates that the charge generation, charge extraction, and charge transfer state are essentially identical for the three studied systems. Transmission electron microscopy shows no significant differences in the morphologies. All these data illustrate that it is possible to improve performance not only via regular or random fluorination but also by physical addition via a ternary blend. Thus, our results demonstrate the versatility of incorporating fluorine in the active layer of polymer solar cells to enhance device performance.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10993
SN  - 1932-7447
VL  - 121
IS  - 4
SP  - 2059
EP  - 2068
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
A1  - Audörsch, Stephan
T1  - Stereoselective Total Syntheses of Polyacetylene Plant Metabolites via Ester-Tethered Ring Closing Metathesis
JF  - The journal of organic chemistry
N2  - Total syntheses of five naturally occurring polyacetylenes from three different plants are described. These natural products have in common an E,Z-configured conjugated diene linked to a di-or triyne chain. As the key method to stereoselectively establish the E,Z-diene part, an ester-tethered ring-closing metathesis/base-induced eliminative ring opening sequence was used. The results presented herein do not only showcase the utility of this tethered RCM variant but have also prompted us to suggest that the originally assigned absolute configurations of chiral polyacetylenes from Atractylodes macrocephala should be revised or at least reconsidered.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02987
SN  - 0022-3263
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 1743
EP  - 1760
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  -