TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiese, Stefanie
A1  - Esatbeyoglu, Tuba
A1  - Winterhalter, Peter
A1  - Kruse, Hans-Peter
A1  - Winkler, Stephanie
A1  - Bub, Achim
A1  - Kulling, Sabine E.
T1  - Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: A randomized cross-over study in humans
JF  - Molecular nutrition & food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology
N2  - Scope: Flavan-3-ols are abundant polyphenols in human nutrition and are associated with beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the metabolic fate of (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and polymeric procyanidins in a randomized cross-over study in humans.
 Methods and results: Parent compounds, conjugates, and microbial metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, and faeces by HPLC-MS and GC-MS/MS. Glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated (-)-epicatechin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone were the dominant metabolites in blood and urine. In addition, minor amounts of procyanidin B1 and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid and their conjugated metabolites were detected. The formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid varied largely between individuals as well as with the degree of polymerization of flavan-3-ols. Monomer units were not detectable in plasma or urine after procyanidin B1 and polymeric procyanidin intake. No correlation was found between the intake of flavan-3-ols and the occurrence of phenolic acids in blood and urine or the phenolic compound profiles in faeces.
 Conclusion: In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4' -dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.
KW  - Bioavailability
KW  - Catechins
KW  - Drug metabolism
KW  - Microbial degradation
KW  - Procyanidins
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400422
SN  - 1613-4125
SN  - 1613-4133
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 610
EP  - 621
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -