TY - JOUR A1 - Šimík, Radek T1 - On doubling unconditionals JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432267 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 155 EP - 169 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Im Korpus gibt’s keine Vögel nicht BT - A corpus study on Negative Concord in Eastern German dialects JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432541 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 287 EP - 306 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Ilse T1 - Zur Analysierbarkeit adverbieller Konnektive JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431942 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 37 EP - 60 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zarriess, Sina A1 - Schlangen, David T1 - Objects of Unknown Categories T2 - The 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics N2 - Zero-shot learning in Language & Vision is the task of correctly labelling (or naming) objects of novel categories. Another strand of work in L&V aims at pragmatically informative rather than "correct" object descriptions, e.g. in reference games. We combine these lines of research and model zero-shot reference games, where a speaker needs to successfully refer to a novel object in an image. Inspired by models of "rational speech acts", we extend a neural generator to become a pragmatic speaker reasoning about uncertain object categories. As a result of this reasoning, the generator produces fewer nouns and names of distractor categories as compared to a literal speaker. We show that this conversational strategy for dealing with novel objects often improves communicative success, in terms of resolution accuracy of an automatic listener. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-950737-48-2 SP - 654 EP - 659 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Stroudsburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Salis, Christos A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Transfereffekte nach Arbeitsgedächtnistraining bei Aphasie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437799 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakarias, Lilla A1 - Kelly, Helen A1 - Sails, Christos A1 - Code, Chris T1 - The methodological quality of short-term/working memory treatments in poststroke aphasia BT - a systematic review JF - Journal of speech, language, and hearing research N2 - Purpose: The aims of this systematic review are to provide a critical overview of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) treatments in stroke aphasia and to systematically evaluate the internal and external validity of STM/WM treatments. Method: A systematic search was conducted in February 2014 and then updated in December 2016 using 13 electronic databases. We provided descriptive characteristics of the included studies and assessed their methodological quality using the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials quantitative scale (Tate et al., 2015), which was completed by 2 independent raters. Results: The systematic search and inclusion/exclusion procedure yielded 17 single-case or case-series studies with 37 participants for inclusion. Nine studies targeted auditory STM consisting of repetition and/or recognition tasks, whereas 8 targeted attention and WM, such as attention process training including n-back tasks with shapes and clock faces as well as mental math tasks. In terms of their methodological quality, quality scores on the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials scale ranged from 4 to 17 (M = 9.5) on a 0-30 scale, indicating a high risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Effects of treatment were most frequently assessed on STM, WM, and spoken language comprehension. Transfer effects on communication and memory in activities of daily living were tested in only 5 studies. Conclusions: Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies make it difficult, at present, to draw firm conclusions about the effects of STM/WM treatments in poststroke aphasia. Further studies with more rigorous methodology and stronger experimental control are needed to determine the beneficial effects of this type of intervention. To understand the underlying mechanisms of STM/WM treatment effects and how they relate to language functioning, a careful choice of outcome measures and specific hypotheses about potential improvements on these measures are required. Future studies need to include outcome measures of memory functioning in everyday life and psychosocial functioning more generally to demonstrate the ecological validity of STM and WM treatments. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0057 SN - 1092-4388 SN - 1558-9102 VL - 62 IS - 6 SP - 1979 EP - 2001 PB - American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc. CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wunderlich, Dieter T1 - Über naturnotwendige und kulturaffine Schritte in der Sprachentstehung und -entwicklung JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433182 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 383 EP - 394 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wulff, Dirk U. A1 - De Deyne, Simon A1 - Jones, Michael N. A1 - Mata, Rui A1 - Austerweil, Joseph L. A1 - Baayen, R. Harald A1 - Balota, David A. A1 - Baronchelli, Andrea A1 - Brysbaert, Marc A1 - Cai, Qing A1 - Dennis, Simon A1 - Hills, Thomas T. A1 - Kenett, Yoed N. A1 - Keuleers, Emmanuel A1 - Marelli, Marco A1 - Pakhomov, Serguei A1 - Ramscar, Michael A1 - Schooler, Lael J. A1 - Shing, Yee Lee A1 - da Souza, Alessandra S. A1 - Siew, Cynthia S. Q. A1 - Storms, Gert A1 - Veríssimo, Joao Marques T1 - New Perspectives on the Aging Lexicon JF - Trends in cognitive science N2 - The field of cognitive aging has seen considerable advances in describing the linguistic and semantic changes that happen during the adult life span to uncover the structure of the mental lexicon (i.e., the mental repository of lexical and conceptual representations). Nevertheless, there is still debate concerning the sources of these changes, including the role of environmental exposure and several cognitive mechanisms associated with learning, representation, and retrieval of information. We review the current status of research in this field and outline a framework that promises to assess the contribution of both ecological and psychological aspects to the aging lexicon. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.003 SN - 1364-6613 SN - 1879-307X VL - 23 IS - 8 SP - 686 EP - 698 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welke, Lisa-Marie A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Pilotfragebogenstudie zur praktischen Umsetzung und Koordination des Trachealkanülen-Managements in Berlin und Brandenburg JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437780 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 115 EP - 129 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt-Zimmermann, Susanne A1 - Stier, Karl-Heinz A1 - Lascheit, Thomas A1 - Kruse, Stephanie A. A1 - Blickensdorff, Maria A1 - Förster, Theresa A1 - Schumacher, Rebecca A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Ablinger, Irene A1 - Förster, Christine A1 - Wahl, Michael A1 - Schirmacher, Irene A1 - Ostermann, Frank A1 - Welke, Lisa-Marie A1 - Frank, Ulrike A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Salis, Christos A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Krug, Ragna A1 - Stübner, Hanna A1 - Hoffmann, Sophie A1 - Heide, Judith ED - Fritzsche, Tom ED - Yetim, Özlem ED - Otto, Constanze ED - Adelt, Anne T1 - Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 11. Schwerpunktthema: Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie N2 - Das 11. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie« fand am 18.11.2017 in Potsdam statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 jährlich vom Verband für Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die Hauptvorträge zum Schwerpunktthema sowie Beiträge zu den Kurzvorträgen »Spektrum Patholinguistik« und der Posterpräsentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis. N2 - The Eleventh Autumn Meeting Patholinguistics (Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik) with its main topic »Well tuned: Diagnostics and therapy in dysphonia« took place in Potsdam on November 18 2017. This annual meeting has been organised since 2007 by the Association for Patholinguistics (Verband für Patholinguistik e.V./vpl). The present proceedings contain the keynote talks on the main topic as well as contributions from the short talks in the section »Spectrum Patholinguistics« and from the poster session covering a broad range of areas in speech/language therapy research and practice. T3 - Spektrum Patholinguistik - 11 KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Stimmtherapie KW - Stimmstörung KW - Dysphonie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech/language therapy KW - voice therapy KW - dysphonia Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418574 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Engelmann, Felix A1 - Burchert, Frank T1 - Computational Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing JF - Trends in Cognitive Sciences N2 - Sentence comprehension requires that the comprehender work out who did what to whom. This process has been characterized as retrieval from memory. This review summarizes the quantitative predictions and empirical coverage of the two existing computational models of retrieval and shows how the predictive performance of these two competing models can be tested against a benchmark data-set. We also show how computational modeling can help us better understand sources of variability in both unimpaired and impaired sentence comprehension. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.09.003 SN - 1364-6613 SN - 1879-307X VL - 23 IS - 11 SP - 968 EP - 982 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Trautwein, Jutta T1 - The Mental lexicon in acquisition T1 - Das mentale Lexikon im Erwerb BT - assessment, size & structure BT - Messung, Größe und Struktur N2 - The individual’s mental lexicon comprises all known words as well related infor-mation on semantics, orthography and phonology. Moreover, entries connect due to simi-larities in these language domains building a large network structure. The access to lexical information is crucial for processing of words and sentences. Thus, a lack of information in-hibits the retrieval and can cause language processing difficulties. Hence, the composition of the mental lexicon is essential for language skills and its assessment is a central topic of lin-guistic and educational research. In early childhood, measurement of the mental lexicon is uncomplicated, for example through parental questionnaires or the analysis of speech samples. However, with growing content the measurement becomes more challenging: With more and more words in the mental lexicon, the inclusion of all possible known words into a test or questionnaire be-comes impossible. That is why there is a lack of methods to assess the mental lexicon for school children and adults. For the same reason, there are only few findings on the courses of lexical development during school years as well as its specific effect on other language skills. This dissertation is supposed to close this gap by pursuing two major goals: First, I wanted to develop a method to assess lexical features, namely lexicon size and lexical struc-ture, for children of different age groups. Second, I aimed to describe the results of this method in terms of lexical development of size and structure. Findings were intended to help understanding mechanisms of lexical acquisition and inform theories on vocabulary growth. The approach is based on the dictionary method where a sample of words out of a dictionary is tested and results are projected on the whole dictionary to determine an indi-vidual’s lexicon size. In the present study, the childLex corpus, a written language corpus for children in German, served as the basis for lexicon size estimation. The corpus is assumed to comprise all words children attending primary school could know. Testing a sample of words out of the corpus enables projection of the results on the whole corpus. For this purpose, a vocabulary test based on the corpus was developed. Afterwards, test performance of virtual participants was simulated by drawing different lexicon sizes from the corpus and comparing whether the test items were included in the lexicon or not. This allowed determination of the relation between test performance and total lexicon size and thus could be transferred to a sample of real participants. Besides lexicon size, lexical content could be approximated with this approach and analyzed in terms of lexical structure. To pursue the presented aims and establish the sampling method, I conducted three consecutive studies. Study 1 includes the development of a vocabulary test based on the childLex corpus. The testing was based on the yes/no format and included three versions for different age groups. The validation grounded on the Rasch Model shows that it is a valid instrument to measure vocabulary for primary school children in German. In Study 2, I estab-lished the method to estimate lexicon sizes and present results on lexical development dur-ing primary school. Plausible results demonstrate that lexical growth follows a quadratic function starting with about 6,000 words at the beginning of school and about 73,000 words on average for young adults. Moreover, the study revealed large interindividual differences. Study 3 focused on the analysis of network structures and their development in the mental lexicon due to orthographic similarities. It demonstrates that networks possess small-word characteristics and decrease in interconnectivity with age. Taken together, this dissertation provides an innovative approach for the assessment and description of the development of the mental lexicon from primary school onwards. The studies determine recent results on lexical acquisition in different age groups that were miss-ing before. They impressively show the importance of this period and display the existence of extensive interindividual differences in lexical development. One central aim of future research needs to address the causes and prevention of these differences. In addition, the application of the method for further research (e.g. the adaptation for other target groups) and teaching purposes (e.g. adaptation of texts for different target groups) appears to be promising. N2 - Das mentale Lexikon wird als individueller Speicher, der semantische, orthographi-sche und phonologische Informationen über alle bekannten Wörter enthält, verstanden. Die lexikalischen Einträge sind aufgrund von Ähnlichkeiten auf diesen Sprachebenen im Sinne einer Netzwerkstruktur verbunden. Bei der Sprachverarbeitung von Wörtern und Sätzen müssen die Informationen aus dem mentalen Lexikon abgerufen werden. Sind diese nicht oder nur teilweise vorhanden, ist der Prozess erschwert. Die Beschaffenheit des mentalen Lexikons ist damit zentral für sprachliche Fähigkeiten im Allgemeinen, welche wiederum es-senziell für den Bildungserfolg und die Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft sind. Die Erfassung des mentalen Lexikons und die Beschreibung seiner Entwicklung ist demnach ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt linguistischer Forschung. Im frühen Kindesalter ist es noch relativ einfach, den Umfang und Inhalt des menta-len Lexikons eines Individuums zu erfassen – dies kann beispielsweise durch Befragung der Eltern oder durch Aufzeichnung von Äußerungen erfolgen. Mit steigendem Inhalt wird diese Messung allerdings schwieriger: Umso mehr Wörter im mentalen Lexikon gespeichert sind, umso unmöglicher wird es, sie alle abzufragen bzw. zu testen. Dies führt dazu, dass es nur wenige Methoden zur Erfassung lexikalischer Eigenschaften nach Schuleintritt gibt. Aus die-sem Grund bestehen auch nur wenige aktuelle Erkenntnisse über den Verlauf der lexikali-schen Entwicklung in diesem Alter sowie deren spezifischen Einfluss auf andere (sprachliche) Fähigkeiten. Diese Lücke sollte in der vorliegenden Dissertation geschlossen werden. Dazu wurden zwei Ziele verfolgt: Zum einen sollte eine aussagekräftige Methode entwickelt wer-den, mit der Umfang und Inhalt des Wortschatzes von Kindern im Grundschulalter bis ins Erwachsenenalter bestimmt werden können. Zum anderen sollten die Ergebnisse der Me-thode dazu dienen, den lexikalischen Erwerb nach Schuleintritt genauer zu beschreiben und zu verstehen. Dabei wurde neben der Entwicklung der Lexikongröße auch die Struktur des Lexikons, d.h. die Vernetzung der Einträge untereinander, betrachtet. Die grundsätzliche Idee der Arbeit beruht auf der Wörterbuch-Methode, bei der eine Auswahl an Wörtern aus einem Wörterbuch getestet und die Ergebnisse auf das gesamte Wörterbuch übertragen werden, um die Lexikongröße einer Person zu bestimmen. In der vorliegenden Dissertation diente das childLex Korpus, das die linguistische Umwelt von Grundschulkindern enthält, als Grundlage. Zunächst wurde ein Wortschatztest entwickelt, der auf dem Korpus basiert. Anschließend wurde das Testverhalten von virtuellen Versuchs-personen simuliert, indem verschiedene Lexikongrößen aus dem Korpus gezogen wurden und überprüft wurde, welche der Items aus dem Wortschatztest in den Lexika enthalten waren. Dies ermöglichte die Bestimmung der Beziehung zwischen dem Verhalten im Wort-schatztest und der absoluten Lexikongröße und ließ sich dann auf tatsächliche Studienteil-nehmer übertragen. Neben der Wortschatzgröße konnten mit dieser Methode auch der wahrscheinliche Inhalt des mentalen Lexikons und so die Vernetzung des Lexikons zu ver-schiedenen Entwicklungszeitpunkten bestimmt werden. Drei Studien wurden konzipiert, um die vorgestellten Ziele zu erreichen und die prä-sentierte Methode zu etablieren. Studie 1 diente der Entwicklung des Wortschatztests, der auf den childLex Korpus beruht. Hierzu wurde das Ja/Nein-Testformat gewählt und ver-schiedene Versionen für unterschiedliche Altersgruppen erstellt. Die Validierung mithilfe des Rasch-Modells zeigt, dass der Test ein aussagekräftiges Instrument für die Erfassung des Wortschatzes von Grundschuldkindern im Deutschen darstellt. In Studie 2 werden der da-rauf basierende Mechanismus zur Schätzung von Lexikongrößen sowie Ergebnisse zu deren Entwicklung vom Grundschul- bis ins Erwachsenenalter präsentiert. Es ergaben sich plausible Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Wortschatzentwicklung, die einer quadratischen Funktion folgt und mit etwa 6000 Wörtern in der ersten Klasse beginnt und im Durschnitt 73.000 Wörter im jungen Erwachsenenalter erreicht. Studie 3 befasste sich mit den lexikalischen Inhalten in Bezug auf die Netzwerkstruktur des mentalen Lexikons in verschiedenen Altersgruppen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die orthographische Vernetzung des mentalen Lexikons im Erwerb ab-nimmt. Zusammengenommen liefert die Dissertation damit einen innovativen Ansatz zur Messung und Beschreibung der Entwicklung des mentalen Lexikons in der späteren Kind-heit. Die Studien bieten aktuelle Ergebnisse zum lexikalischen Erwerb in einer Altersgruppe, in der dazu bisher wenige Erkenntnisse vorlagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eindrücklich, wie wichtig diese Phase für den Wortschatzerwerb ist und legen außerdem nahe, dass es starke interindividuelle Unterschiede im lexikalischen Erwerb gibt. Diesen entgegenzuwirken ist eines der Ziele zukünftiger Forschung und Bildung. Zudem ergeben sich aus der Dissertation vielfältige Möglichkeiten zur Anwendung der Methode sowohl zu Forschungszwecken, z.B. in Bezug auf die Übertragung auf andere Zielgruppen und den Effekt der Ergebnisse auf an-dere Fähigkeiten, als auch für die pädagogische Arbeit, z.B. für die Anpassung von Texten an bestimmte Zielgruppen. KW - mental lexicon KW - language acquisition KW - language assessment KW - lexion size KW - lexicon structure KW - mentales Lexikon KW - Spracherwerb KW - Sprachstandserfassung KW - Wortschatzgröße KW - Wortschatzstruktur Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434314 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Titov, Elena T1 - Accusative Unaccusatives BT - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432515 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 243 EP - 256 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiersch, Craig T1 - A note on apparent sluicing in Malagasy JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432341 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 185 EP - 209 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiebels, Barbara T1 - Bienenfresserortungsversuch BT - compounding with clause-embedding heads JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431921 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 15 EP - 26 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Stegenwallner-Schütz, Maja Henny Katherine T1 - The Development of Syntactic and Pragmatic Aspects of Language in Children with Developmental Disorders BT - evidence from Specific Language Impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorders Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stede, Manfred A1 - Scheffler, Tatjana A1 - Mendes, Amalia T1 - Connective-Lex BT - a Web-Based Multilingual Lexical Resource for Connectives JF - Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique N2 - In this paper, we present a tangible outcome of the TextLink network: a joint online database project displaying and linking existing and newly-created lexicons of discourse connectives in multiple languages. We discuss the definition and demarcation of the class of connectives that should be included in such a resource, and present the syntactic, semantic/pragmatic, and lexicographic information we collected. Further, the technical implementation of the database and the search functionality are presented. We discuss how the multilingual integration of several connective lexicons provides added value for linguistic researchers and other users interested in connectives, by allowing crosslinguistic comparison and a direct linking between discourse relational devices in different languages. Finally, we provide pointers for possible future extensions both in breadth (i.e., by adding lexicons for additional languages) and depth (by extending the information provided for each connective item and by strengthening the crosslinguistic links). N2 - Nous présentons dans cet article un résultat tangible du réseau TextLink : un projet conjoint de base de données en ligne, qui montre et relie des lexiques, aussi bien existants que créés récemment, de connecteurs discursifs dans plusieurs langues. Nous commençons par considérer la définition et la délimitation de la classe des connecteurs qui devraient être inclus dans une telle ressource, et nous présentons l’information syntaxique, sémantico-pragmatique et lexicographique que nous avons recueillie. D’autre part, l’implémentation technique de cette base de données et les fonctionnalités de recherche qu’elle permet sont aussi décrites. Nous discutons de quelle manière l’intégration multilingue de plusieurs lexiques de connecteurs apporte une valeur ajoutée aux chercheurs en linguistique et aux autres utilisateurs qui s’intéressent aux connecteurs, en permettant de comparer plusieurs langues et de relier directement les connecteurs dans différentes langues. Pour finir, nous donnons des indications quant à une possible extension future en termes d’ampleur (par exemple, en ajoutant des lexiques pour de nouvelles langues) et de profondeur (en augmentant l’information qui est donnée pour chaque connecteur et en renforçant les liens entre lexiques). KW - discourse connectives KW - lexicon KW - multilingual resources KW - crosslinguistic links Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.10098 SN - 1963-1723 IS - 24 PB - Université de Paris-Sorbonne CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stede, Manfred T1 - Noch kindlich oder schon jugendlich? Oder gar erwachsen? BT - Betrachtung von Komplexitätsmerkmalen altersspezifischer Texte JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432569 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 323 EP - 334 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staudacher, Peter T1 - Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη) JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Sotiropoulou, Stavroula T1 - Pleiotropy of phonetic indices in the expression of syllabic organization N2 - This dissertation is concerned with the relation between qualitative phonological organization in the form of syllabic structure and continuous phonetics, that is, the spatial and temporal dimensions of vocal tract action that express syllabic structure. The main claim of the dissertation is twofold. First, we argue that syllabic organization exerts multiple effects on the spatio-temporal properties of the segments that partake in that organization. That is, there is no unique or privileged exponent of syllabic organization. Rather, syllabic organization is expressed in a pleiotropy of phonetic indices. Second, we claim that a better understanding of the relation between qualitative phonological organization and continuous phonetics is reached when one considers how the string of segments (over which the nature of the phonological organization is assessed) responds to perturbations (scaling of phonetic variables) of localized properties (such as durations) within that string. Specifically, variation in phonetic variables and more specifically prosodic variation is a crucial key to understanding the nature of the link between (phonological) syllabic organization and the phonetic spatio-temporal manifestation of that organization. The effects of prosodic variation on segmental properties and on the overlap between the segments, we argue, offer the right pathway to discover patterns related to syllabic organization. In our approach, to uncover evidence for global organization, the sequence of segments partaking in that organization as well as properties of these segments or their relations with one another must be somehow locally varied. The consequences of such variation on the rest of the sequence can then be used to unveil the span of organization. When local perturbations to segments or relations between adjacent segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence, this is evidence that organization is global. If instead local perturbations stay local with no consequences for the rest of the whole, this indicates that organization is local. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Verhältnis zwischen qualitativer Phonologie im Sinne silbischer Struktur und kontinuierlicher Phonetik im Sinne raum- und zeitbezogener Eigenschaften artikulatorischer Bewegungen, welche ebendiese Struktur ausdrücken. Die Dissertation stellt zwei Hauptthesen auf: Erstens behaupten wir, dass silbische Struktur verschiedene Auswirkungen auf die räumlichen und zeitlichen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Segmente hat. Das heißt, dass es keinen einzelnen ausgezeichneten Indikator für die silbische Struktur gibt, vielmehr muss diese durch mehrere verschiedene phonetischen Indexe beschrieben werden. Zweitens behaupten wir, dass man ein besseres Verständnis über den Zusammenhang von qualitativer phonologischer Struktur und kontinuierlicher Phonetik erhält, wenn man berücksichtigt, wie Abfolgen von Segmenten, welche die phonologische Struktur bestimmen, auf Perturbationen von lokalen phonetischen Eigenschaften reagieren. Die Variabilität phonetischer und insbesondere prosodischer Parameter spielt hierbei eine wesentliche Rolle. Wir behaupten, dass die Effekte prosodischer Variation der Eigenschaften einzelner Segmente und deren Überlappung einen geeigneten Weg zur Aufklärung silbisch-struktureller Muster aufzeigen. Wenn man Hinweise auf eine globale silbische Struktur herausarbeiten möchte, müssen folglich sowohl die Abfolge als auch die lokalen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Segmente variiert werden. Auswirkungen der Variationen können dann Auskunft über der Art und Gestalt der silbischen Struktur geben. Wenn lokale Perturbationen von Segmenten oder von Relationen zwischen benachbarten Segmenten die restliche Sequenz beeinflussen, ist dies als Hinweis auf eine globale Organisation zu bewerten. Wenn lokale Perturbationen hingegen lokal verbleiben ohne die restliche Sequenz zu beeinflussen, ist dies als Hinweis auf eine lokale Organisation zu bewerten. KW - Syllabic organization KW - inter-segmental coordination KW - obstruent-liquid clusters KW - prosodic modulation KW - compensatory effects KW - silbische Struktur KW - kompensatorischer Effekt KW - Koordination zwischen Segmenten KW - Obstruent-Liquide Konsonantencluster KW - prosodische Variation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546399 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros T1 - Splits and Birds JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432578 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 335 EP - 341 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Sidarenka, Uladzimir T1 - Sentiment analysis of German Twitter T1 - Sentimentanalyse des deutschen Twitters N2 - The immense popularity of online communication services in the last decade has not only upended our lives (with news spreading like wildfire on the Web, presidents announcing their decisions on Twitter, and the outcome of political elections being determined on Facebook) but also dramatically increased the amount of data exchanged on these platforms. Therefore, if we wish to understand the needs of modern society better and want to protect it from new threats, we urgently need more robust, higher-quality natural language processing (NLP) applications that can recognize such necessities and menaces automatically, by analyzing uncensored texts. Unfortunately, most NLP programs today have been created for standard language, as we know it from newspapers, or, in the best case, adapted to the specifics of English social media. This thesis reduces the existing deficit by entering the new frontier of German online communication and addressing one of its most prolific forms—users’ conversations on Twitter. In particular, it explores the ways and means by how people express their opinions on this service, examines current approaches to automatic mining of these feelings, and proposes novel methods, which outperform state-of-the-art techniques. For this purpose, I introduce a new corpus of German tweets that have been manually annotated with sentiments, their targets and holders, as well as lexical polarity items and their contextual modifiers. Using these data, I explore four major areas of sentiment research: (i) generation of sentiment lexicons, (ii) fine-grained opinion mining, (iii) message-level polarity classification, and (iv) discourse-aware sentiment analysis. In the first task, I compare three popular groups of lexicon generation methods: dictionary-, corpus-, and word-embedding–based ones, finding that dictionary-based systems generally yield better polarity lists than the last two groups. Apart from this, I propose a linear projection algorithm, whose results surpass many existing automatically-generated lexicons. Afterwords, in the second task, I examine two common approaches to automatic prediction of sentiment spans, their sources, and targets: conditional random fields (CRFs) and recurrent neural networks, obtaining higher scores with the former model and improving these results even further by redefining the structure of CRF graphs. When dealing with message-level polarity classification, I juxtapose three major sentiment paradigms: lexicon-, machine-learning–, and deep-learning–based systems, and try to unite the first and last of these method groups by introducing a bidirectional neural network with lexicon-based attention. Finally, in order to make the new classifier aware of microblogs' discourse structure, I let it separately analyze the elementary discourse units of each tweet and infer the overall polarity of a message from the scores of its EDUs with the help of two new approaches: latent-marginalized CRFs and Recursive Dirichlet Process. N2 - Die enorme Popularität von Online-Kommunikationsdiensten in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat nicht unser Leben massiv geändert (sodass Nachrichten sich wie Fegefeuer übers Internet ausbreiten, Präsidenten ihre Entscheidungen auf Twitter ankündigen, und Ergebnisse politischer Wahlen auf Facebook entschieden werden) sondern auch zu einem dramatischen Anstieg der Datenmenge geführt, die über solche Plattformen ausgetauscht werden. Deswegen braucht man heutzutage dringend zuverlässige, qualitätvolle NLP-Programme, um neue gesellschaftliche Bedürfnisse und Risiken in unzensierten Nutzernachrichten automatisch erkennen und abschätzen zu können. Leider sind die meisten modernen NLP-Anwendungen entweder auf die Analyse der Standardsprache (wie wir sie aus Zeitungstexten kennen) ausgerichtet oder im besten Fall an die Spezifika englischer Social Media angepasst. Diese Dissertation reduziert den bestehenden Rückstand, indem sie das "Neuland" der deutschen Online-Kommunikation betritt und sich einer seiner produktivsten Formen zuwendet—den User-Diskussionen auf Twitter. Diese Arbeit erforscht insbesondere die Art und Weise, wie Leute ihre Meinungen auf diesem Online-Service äußern, analysiert existierende Verfahren zur automatischen Erkennung ihrer Gefühle und schlägt neue Verfahren vor, die viele heutige State-of-the-Art-Systeme übertreffen. Zu diesem Zweck stelle ich ein neues Korpus deutscher Tweets vor, die manuell von zwei menschlichen Experten mit Sentimenten (polaren Meinungen), ihren Quellen (sources) und Zielen (targets) sowie lexikalischen polaren Termen und deren kontextuellen Modifizierern annotiert wurden. Mithilfe dieser Daten untersuche ich vier große Teilgebiete der Sentimentanalyse: (i) automatische Generierung von Sentiment-Lexika, (ii) aspekt-basiertes Opinion-Mining, (iii) Klassifizierung der Polarität von ganzen Nachrichten und (iv) diskurs-bewusste Sentimentanalyse. In der ersten Aufgabe vergleiche ich drei populäre Gruppen von Lexikongenerierungsmethoden: wörterbuch-, corpus- und word-embedding-basierte Verfahren, und komme zu dem Schluss, dass wörterbuch-basierte Ansätze generell bessere Polaritätslexika liefern als die letzten zwei Gruppen. Abgesehen davon, schlage ich einen neuen Linearprojektionsalgorithmus vor, dessen Resultate deutlich besser als viele automatisch generierte Polaritätslisten sind. Weiterhin, in der zweiten Aufgabe, untersuche ich zwei gängige Herangehensweisen an die automatische Erkennung der Textspannen von Sentimenten, Sources und Targets: Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) und rekurrente neuronale Netzwerke. Ich erziele bessere Ergebnisse mit der ersten Methode und verbessere diese Werte noch weiter durch alternative Topologien der CRF-Graphen. Bei der Analyse der Nachrichtenpolarität stelle ich drei große Sentiment-Paradigmen gegenüber: lexikon-, Machine-Learning–, und Deep-Learning–basierte Systeme, und versuche die erste und die letzte dieser Gruppen in einem Verfahren zu vereinigen, indem ich eine neue neuronale Netzwerkarchitektur vorschlage: bidirektionales rekurrentes Netzwerk mit lexikon-basierter Attention (LBA). Im letzten Kapitel unternehme ich einen Versuch, die Prädiktion der Gesamtpolarität von Tweets über die Diskursstruktur der Nachrichten zu informieren. Zu diesem Zweck wende ich den vorgeschlagenen LBA-Klassifikator separat auf jede einzelne elementare Diskurs-Einheit (EDU) eines Microblogs an und induziere die allgemeine semantische Ausrichtung dieser Nachricht mithilfe von zwei neuen Methoden: latenten marginalisierten CRFs und rekursivem Dirichlet-Prozess. KW - sentiment analysis KW - opinion mining KW - social media KW - Twitter KW - natural language processing KW - discourse analysis KW - NLP KW - computational linguistics KW - machine learning KW - Sentimentanalyse KW - Computerlinguistik KW - Meinungsforschung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437422 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumacher, Rebecca A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Ablinger, Irene T1 - Störungsortspezifische und modellgeleitete Diagnose erworbener Dyslexien JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437753 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 81 EP - 90 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Schlenter, Judith T1 - Predictive language processing in late bilinguals T1 - Vorausschauende Sprachverarbeitung bei späten Bilingualen BT - Evidence from visual-world eye-tracking BT - Visual-World Eye-Tracking Evidenz N2 - The current thesis examined how second language (L2) speakers of German predict upcoming input during language processing. Early research has shown that the predictive abilities of L2 speakers relative to L1 speakers are limited, resulting in the proposal of the Reduced Ability to Generate Expectations (RAGE) hypothesis. Considering that prediction is assumed to facilitate language processing in L1 speakers and probably plays a role in language learning, the assumption that L1/L2 differences can be explained in terms of different processing mechanisms is a particularly interesting approach. However, results from more recent studies on the predictive processing abilities of L2 speakers have indicated that the claim of the RAGE hypothesis is too broad and that prediction in L2 speakers could be selectively limited. In the current thesis, the RAGE hypothesis was systematically put to the test. In this thesis, German L1 and highly proficient late L2 learners of German with Russian as L1 were tested on their predictive use of one or more information sources that exist as cues to sentence interpretation in both languages, to test for selective limits. The results showed that, in line with previous findings, L2 speakers can use the lexical-semantics of verbs to predict the upcoming noun. Here the level of prediction was more systematically controlled for than in previous studies by using verbs that restrict the selection of upcoming nouns to the semantic category animate or inanimate. Hence, prediction in L2 processing is possible. At the same time, this experiment showed that the L2 group was slower/less certain than the L1 group. Unlike previous studies, the experiment on case marking demonstrated that L2 speakers can use this morphosyntactic cue for prediction. Here, the use of case marking was tested by manipulating the word order (Dat > Acc vs. Acc > Dat) in double object constructions after a ditransitive verb. Both the L1 and the L2 group showed a difference between the two word order conditions that emerged within the critical time window for an anticipatory effect, indicating their sensitivity towards case. However, the results for the post-critical time window pointed to a higher uncertainty in the L2 group, who needed more time to integrate incoming information and were more affected by the word order variation than the L1 group, indicating that they relied more on surface-level information. A different cue weighting was also found in the experiment testing whether participants predict upcoming reference based on implicit causality information. Here, an additional child L1 group was tested, who had a lower memory capacity than the adult L2 group, as confirmed by a digit span task conducted with both learner groups. Whereas the children were only slightly delayed compared to the adult L1 group and showed the same effect of condition, the L2 speakers showed an over-reliance on surface-level information (first-mention/subjecthood). Hence, the pattern observed resulted more likely from L1/L2 differences than from resource deficits. The reviewed studies and the experiments conducted show that L2 prediction is affected by a range of factors. While some of the factors can be attributed to more individual differences (e.g., language similarity, slower processing) and can be interpreted by L2 processing accounts assuming that L1 and L2 processing are basically the same, certain limits are better explained by accounts that assume more substantial L1/L2 differences. Crucially, the experimental results demonstrate that the RAGE hypothesis should be refined: Although prediction as a fast-operating mechanism is likely to be affected in L2 speakers, there is no indication that prediction is the dominant source of L1/L2 differences. The results rather demonstrate that L2 speakers show a different weighting of cues and rely more on semantic and surface-level information to predict as well as to integrate incoming information. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht, wie Nicht-Muttersprachler des Deutschen sprachliche Information vorausschauend verarbeiten. Frühere Forschungsarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass diese Fähigkeit bei Fremdsprachsprechern im Vergleich zu Muttersprachlern eingeschränkt ist. Dies resultierte in der Formulierung der RAGE Hypothese, die besagt, dass Nicht-Muttersprachler eine reduzierte Fähigkeit besitzen, Erwartungen zu generieren. Unter der Berücksichtigung, dass vorausschauende Verarbeitung die Sprachverarbeitung bei Muttersprachlern erleichtert und möglicherweise eine Rolle beim Sprachenlernen spielt, ist die Annahme, dass sich Mutter- und Fremdsprachunterschiede durch unterschiedliche Verarbeitungsmechanismen erklären lassen, besonders interessant. Jedoch zeigen die Ergebnisse neuerer Studien, dass die Annahmen der RAGE Hypothese zu generell sind und es selektive Unterschiede zwischen Mutter- und Fremdsprachsprechern geben könnte. In dieser Dissertation wurde die RAGE Hypothese systematisch überprüft. KW - prediction KW - L2 sentence processing KW - RAGE hypothesis KW - visual-world eye-tracking KW - vorausschauende Sprachverarbeitung KW - Fremdsprachverarbeitung KW - RAGE Hypothese KW - Visual-World Eye-Tracking Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432498 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ruberg, Tobias A1 - Rothweiler, Monika A1 - Veríssimo, João Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment BT - A study of the CP-domain in German SLI T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 870 KW - developmental language impairment KW - specific language impairment KW - child second language acquisition KW - syntax KW - agreement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518095 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruberg, Tobias A1 - Rothweiler, Monika A1 - Veríssimo, João Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment BT - A study of the CP-domain in German SLI JF - Bilingualism: Language and Cognition N2 - This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not. KW - developmental language impairment KW - specific language impairment KW - child second language acquisition KW - syntax KW - agreement Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000580 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 668 EP - 680 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Renans, Agata A1 - De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P. T1 - Experimental Studies on it-Clefts and Predicate Interpretation JF - Semantics and pragmatics N2 - There is an ongoing discussion in the literature whether the series of sentences ‘It’s not α that did P. α and β did P.’ is acceptable or not. Whereas the homogeneity approach in Büring & Križ 2013, Križ 2016, and Križ 2017 predicts these sentences to be unacceptable, the alternative-based approach predicts acceptability depending on the predicate being interpreted distributively or non- distributively (among others, Horn 1981, Velleman et al. 2012, Renans 2016a,b). We report on three experiments testing the predictions of both types of approaches. These studies provide empirical data that not only bears on these approaches, but also allows us to distinguish between different accounts of cleft exhaustivity that might otherwise make the same predictions. The results of the three studies reported here suggest that the acceptability of clefts depends on the interpretation of the predicate, thereby posing a serious challenge to the homogeneity approach, and contributing to the ongoing discussion on the semantics of it-clefts. KW - it-clefts KW - exhaustivity KW - homogeneity KW - distributive,collective, and mixed predicates KW - distributive vs. non-distributive interpretation KW - experimental study Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.12.11 SN - 1937-8912 VL - 12 PB - Linguistic Society of America CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Gisa T1 - Erinnerungen an die Gründung des Instituts für Linguistik an der Universität Potsdam JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433202 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 415 EP - 435 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Olsen, Susan A1 - Stiebels, Barbara A1 - Bierwisch, Manfred A1 - Zimmermann, Ilse A1 - Cavar, Damir A1 - Georgi, Doreen A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia A1 - Alexiadou, Artemis A1 - Błaszczak, Joanna A1 - Müller, Gereon A1 - Šimík, Radek A1 - Meinunger, André A1 - Thiersch, Craig A1 - Arnhold, Anja A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Bayer, Josef A1 - Titov, Elena A1 - Fominyam, Henry A1 - Tran, Thuan A1 - Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias A1 - Zimmermann, Malte A1 - Häussler, Jana A1 - Mucha, Anne A1 - Schmidt, Andreas A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Wierzba, Marta A1 - Stede, Manfred A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. A1 - Haider, Hubert A1 - Wunderlich, Dieter A1 - Staudacher, Peter A1 - Rauh, Gisa ED - Brown, Jessica M. M. ED - Schmidt, Andreas ED - Wierzba, Marta T1 - Of Trees and Birds BT - A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow N2 - Gisbert Fanselow’s work has been invaluable and inspiring to many ­researchers working on syntax, morphology, and information ­structure, both from a ­theoretical and from an experimental perspective. This ­volume comprises a collection of articles dedicated to Gisbert on the occasion of his 60th birthday, covering a range of topics from these areas and beyond. The contributions have in ­common that in a broad sense they have to do with language structures (and thus trees), and that in a more specific sense they have to do with birds. They thus cover two of Gisbert’s major interests in- and outside of the linguistic world (and ­perhaps even at the interface). KW - Festschrift KW - Linguistik KW - Syntax KW - Morphologie KW - Informationsstruktur KW - festschrift KW - linguistics KW - syntax KW - morphology KW - information structure Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426542 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olsen, Susan T1 - The instrumental -er suffix JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430607 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 3 EP - 14 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ofner, Andre A1 - Stober, Sebastian T1 - Hybrid variational predictive coding as a bridge between human and artificial cognition T2 - ALIFE 2019: The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life N2 - Predictive coding and its generalization to active inference offer a unified theory of brain function. The underlying predictive processing paradigmhas gained significant attention in artificial intelligence research for its representation learning and predictive capacity. Here, we suggest that it is possible to integrate human and artificial generative models with a predictive coding network that processes sensations simultaneously with the signature of predictive coding found in human neuroimaging data. We propose a recurrent hierarchical predictive coding model that predicts low-dimensional representations of stimuli, electroencephalogram and physiological signals with variational inference. We suggest that in a shared environment, such hybrid predictive coding networks learn to incorporate the human predictive model in order to reduce prediction error. We evaluate the model on a publicly available EEG dataset of subjects watching one-minute long video excerpts. Our initial results indicate that the model can be trained to predict visual properties such as the amount, distance and motion of human subjects in videos. Y1 - 2019 SP - 68 EP - 69 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noiray, Aude A1 - Wieling, Martijn A1 - Abakarova, Dzhuma A1 - Rubertus, Elina A1 - Tiede, Mark T1 - Back from the future T1 - Nonlinear anticipation in adults' and children's speech JF - Journal of speech, language, and hearing research N2 - Purpose: This study examines the temporal organization of vocalic anticipation in German children from 3 to 7 years of age and adults. The main objective was to test for nonlinear processes in vocalic anticipation, which may result from the interaction between lingual gestural goals for individual vowels and those for their neighbors over time. Method: The technique of ultrasound imaging was employed to record tongue movement at 5 time points throughout short utterances of the form V1#CV2. Vocalic anticipation was examined with generalized additive modeling, an analytical approach allowing for the estimation of both linear and nonlinear influences on anticipatory processes. Conclusions: A developmental transition towards more segmentally-specified coarticulatory organizations seems to occur from kindergarten to primary school to adulthood. In adults, nonlinear anticipatory patterns over time suggest a strong differentiation between the gestural goals for consecutive segments. In children, this differentiation is not yet mature: Vowels show greater prominence over time and seem activated more in phase with those of previous segments relative to adults. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-CSMC7-18-0208 SN - 1092-4388 SN - 1558-9102 VL - 62 IS - 8 SP - 3033 EP - 3054 PB - American Speech-Language-Hearing Association CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Sandra A1 - Quinting, Jana A1 - Rosenkranz, Anna A1 - De Beer, Carola A1 - Jonas, Kristina A1 - Stenneken, Prisca T1 - Quality of life in adults with neurogenic speech-language-communication difficulties BT - A systematic review of existing measures JF - Journal of communication disorders Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.01.003 SN - 0021-9924 SN - 1873-7994 VL - 79 SP - 24 EP - 45 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Navratil, Michael T1 - Jenseits des politischen Realismus BT - Kontrafaktik als Verfahren politischen Schreibens in der Gegenwartsliteratur (Juli Zeh, Michel Houellebecq) JF - Das Politische in der Literatur der Gegenwart Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020081210315564625980 SN - 978-3-11-056854-7 SN - 978-3-11-056864-6 SP - 359 EP - 376 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Stefan A1 - Machicao y Priemer, Antonio T1 - Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar JF - Current Approaches to Syntax : a comparative handbook N2 - Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar is a constraint-based theory. It uses features and values to model linguistic objects. Values may be complex, e. g. consist of feature values pairs themselves. The paper shows that such feature value pairs together with identity of values and relations between feature values are sufficient to develop a complete linguistic theory including all linguistic levels of description. The paper explains the goals of researchers working in the framework and the way they deal with data and motivate their analyses. The framework is explained with respect to an example sentence that involves the following phenomena: valence, constituent structure, adjunction/modification, raising, case assignment, nonlocal dependencies, relative clauses. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-11-054025-3 SN - 978-3-11-053821-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110540253-012 VL - 3 SP - 317 EP - 359 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Gereon T1 - Can unaccusative verbs undergo passivization in German? JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432257 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 135 EP - 154 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A. T1 - Words as social tools BT - the old and the new. Bridging cognition and communication Comment on "Words as social tools: Language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts" by Anna M. Borghi et al. T2 - Physics of life reviews Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.002 SN - 1571-0645 SN - 1873-1457 VL - 29 SP - 164 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michl, Diana T1 - Speedy Metonymy, Tricky Metaphor, Irrelevant Compositionality: How Nonliteralness Affects Idioms in Reading and Rating JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - It is widely acknowledged that fixed expressions such as idioms have a processing advantage over non-idiomatic language. While many idioms are metaphoric, metonymic, or even literal, the effect of varying nonliteralness in their processing has not been much researched yet. Theoretical and empirical findings suggest that metonymies are easier to process than metaphors but it is unclear whether this applies to idioms. Two self-paced reading experiments test whether metonymic, metaphoric, or literal idioms have a greater processing advantage over non-idiomatic control sentences, and whether this is caused by varying nonliteralness. Both studies find that metonymic and literal idioms are read significantly faster than controls, while the advantage for metaphoric idioms is only tenuous. Only experiment 2 finds literal idioms to be read fastest of all. As compositionality of the idioms cannot account for these findings, some effect of nonliteralness is suggested, together with idiomaticity and the sentential context. KW - Idiom processing KW - Nonliteralness KW - Metaphor KW - Metonymy KW - Self-paced reading Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09658-7 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 1285 EP - 1310 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michl, Diana T1 - Metonymies are more literal than metaphors BT - evidence from ratings of German idioms JF - Language and cognition : an interdisciplinary journal of language and cognitive science N2 - Metaphor and metonymy are likely the most common forms of non-literal language. As metaphor and metonymy differ conceptually and in how easy they are to comprehend, it seems likely that they also differ in their degree of non-literalness. They frequently occur in idioms which are foremost non-literal, fixed expressions. Given that non-literalness seems to be the defining criterion of what constitutes an idiom, it is striking that no study so far has focused specifically on differing non-literalness in idioms. It is unclear whether and how metaphoric and metonymic structures and their properties are perceived in idioms, given that the comprehension of idioms is driven by a number of other properties that are connected. This study divides idioms according to their metonymic or metaphoric structure and lets participants rate their non-literalness, familiarity, and transparency. It focuses on non-literalness as key property, finds it strongly connected to transparency, and to be the one key factor in predicting idiom type. Specifically, it reveals that metonymies are generally perceived as rather or even extremely literal, while metaphors are generally perceived as highly non-literal. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.7 SN - 1866-9808 SN - 1866-9859 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 98 EP - 124 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meinunger, André T1 - Wie und wo Ambiguität Ungrammatikalität vortäuscht JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432338 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 171 EP - 184 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Marimon Tarter, Mireia T1 - Word segmentation in German-learning infants and German-speaking adults T1 - Wortsegmentierung bei deutschsprachigen Kindern und Erwachsenen BT - prosodic and statistical cues BT - prosodische und statitistische Hinweisreize N2 - There is evidence that infants start extracting words from fluent speech around 7.5 months of age (e.g., Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995) and that they use at least two mechanisms to segment words forms from fluent speech: prosodic information (e.g., Jusczyk, Cutler & Redanz, 1993) and statistical information (e.g., Saffran, Aslin & Newport, 1996). However, how these two mechanisms interact and whether they change during development is still not fully understood. The main aim of the present work is to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by infants when learning the language in their environment, as well as to explore whether this ability is related to later language skills. In Chapter 3 we pursued to determine the reliability of the method used in most of the experiments in the present thesis (the Headturn Preference Procedure), as well as to examine correlations and individual differences between infants’ performance and later language outcomes. In Chapter 4 we investigated how German-speaking adults weigh statistical and prosodic information for word segmentation. We familiarized adults with an auditory string in which statistical and prosodic information indicated different word boundaries and obtained both behavioral and pupillometry responses. Then, we conducted further experiments to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by 9-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 5) and by 6-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 6). In addition, we conducted follow-up questionnaires with the infants and obtained language outcomes at later stages of development. Our findings from this thesis revealed that (1) German-speaking adults show a strong weight of prosodic cues, at least for the materials used in this study and that (2) German-learning infants weight these two kind of cues differently depending on age and/or language experience. We observed that, unlike English-learning infants, 6-month-old infants relied more strongly on prosodic cues. Nine-month-olds do not show any preference for either of the cues in the word segmentation task. From the present results it remains unclear whether the ability to use prosodic cues to word segmentation relates to later language vocabulary. We speculate that prosody provides infants with their first window into the specific acoustic regularities in the signal, which enables them to master the specific stress pattern of German rapidly. Our findings are a step forwards in the understanding of an early impact of the native prosody compared to statistical learning in early word segmentation. N2 - Es gibt Beweise, dass Babys im Alter um 7.5 Monate anfangen, Wörter aus flüssiger Sprache zu extrahieren (z.B., Jusczyk & Aslin, 1995), dabei werden mindestens zwei Mechanismen angewandt, um Wörter aus dem Sprachfluss zu segmentieren: prosodische Information (z.B. Jusczyk, Cutler & Redanz, 1993) und statistische Information (z.B., Saffran, Aslin & Newport, 1996). Aber wie diese zwei Mechanismen zusammenwirken und ob sie sich während der Entwicklung verändern, wurde noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation ist es zu verstehen, inwiefern sich Kleinkinder die verschiedenen Hinweisreize für die Segmentierung von Wörtern erschließen, wenn sie die Sprache ihres Umfelds lernen, sowie ob diese Fähigkeit in Verbindung mit späteren Sprachfähigkeiten steht. In Kapitel 3 wurde die Zuverlässigkeit der in dieser Dissertation benutzten Methode (the Headturn Preference Procedure) eruiert, sowie die Korrelationen und individuellen Differenzen zwischen den Ergebnissen einzelner Babys und späteren Sprachfähigkeiten untersucht. Im Kapitel 4 wurde untersucht, wie deutschsprachige Erwachsene auf statistische und prosodische Informationen für Wortsegmentierung reagieren. Wir haben Erwachsene mit einer akustischen Sequenz familiarisiert, bei der die statistischen und prosodischen Informationen verschiedene Wortgrenzen anzeigen, und Verhaltens- und Pupillometriedaten erhoben. Anschließend haben wir weitere Experimente durchgeführt, um zu verstehen, wie verschiedene Hinweisreize von 9-Monate (Kapitel 5) und 6-Monate alten deutschsprachigen Säuglingen (Kapitel 6) aufgenommen werden. Außerdem haben wir nach den Versuchen mit Fragebögen Daten über die Sprachfähigkeiten in späteren Entwicklungsstadien gesammelt. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass (1) deutschsprachige Erwachsene eine hohe Gewichtung der prosodischen Hinweisreize zeigen, zumindest bei dem für die Studie genutzten akustischen Material, und dass (2) bei deutschsprachigen Babys in Abhängigkeit von Alter und/oder Spracherfahrung diese zwei Hinweisreize unterschiedlich gewichtet werden. Wir stellen fest, dass sich 6-Monate alte deutschsprachige Babys stärker auf die prosodichen Hinweisreize verlassen haben als die englischsprachigen Babys. Neun Monate alte Babys haben bei der Wortsegmentierung der Audiosequenz gescheitert und haben keine Vorliebe für einen der beiden Hinweisreize gezeigt. Mit den momentanen Ergebnissen bleibt weiterhin unklar, ob die Fähigkeit, prosodische Hinweisreize für die Wortsegmentierung zu nutzen, in Verbindung mit der späteren Weiterentwicklung des Wortschatzes steht. Wir vermuten, dass Prosodie den Babys einen ersten Einblick in die spezifischen akustischen Regelmäßigkeiten des Signals verschafft, was ihnen dabei hilft, das Betonungsmuster der deutsche Sprache schnell zu erlernen. Unsere Ergebnisse sind ein weiterer Schritt vorwärts was das Verständnis eines frühen Einflusses von muttersprachlicher Prosodie im Vergleich zu statistischem Erlernen in der frühen Wortsegmentierung betrifft. KW - word segmentation KW - prosody KW - statistical learning KW - Wortsegmentierung KW - Prosodie Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437400 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lartey, Nathaniel A1 - Tsiwah, Frank A1 - Amponsah, Clement A1 - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism JF - Aphasiology N2 - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences. KW - Agrammatism KW - focus constructions KW - (pronominal) resumption KW - clause determiner KW - Akan Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2019.1686746 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 343 EP - 364 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lartey, Nathaniel A1 - Tsiwah, Frank A1 - Amponsah, Clement A1 - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 726 KW - Agrammatism KW - focus constructions KW - (pronominal) resumption KW - clause determiner KW - Akan Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525296 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuberski, Stephan R. A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - The speed-curvature power law in tongue movements of repetitive speech JF - PLoS one N2 - The speed-curvature power law is a celebrated law of motor control expressing a relation between the kinematic property of speed and the geometric property of curvature. We aimed to assess whether speech movements obey this law just as movements from other domains do. We describe a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm designed to cover a wide range of speeds. We recorded via electromagnetic articulometry speech movements in sequences of the form /CV…/ from nine speakers (five German, four English) speaking at eight distinct rates. First, we demonstrate that the paradigm of metronome-driven manipulations results in speech movement data consistent with earlier reports on the kinematics of speech production. Second, analysis of our data in their full three-dimensions and using advanced numerical differentiation methods offers stronger evidence for the law than that reported in previous studies devoted to its assessment. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of a clear rate dependency of the power law’s parameters. The robustness of the speed-curvature relation in our datasets lends further support to the hypothesis that the power law is a general feature of human movement. We place our results in the context of other work in movement control and consider implications for models of speech production. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213851 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 3 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - THES A1 - Kuberski, Stephan R. T1 - Fundamental motor laws and dynamics of speech N2 - The present work is a compilation of three original research articles submitted (or already published) in international peer-reviewed venues of the field of speech science. These three articles address the topics of fundamental motor laws in speech and dynamics of corresponding speech movements: 1. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (2019). "The speed-curvature power law in tongue movements of repetitive speech". PLOS ONE 14(3). Public Library of Science. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213851. 2. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (In press). "Fitts' law in tongue movements of repetitive speech". Phonetica: International Journal of Phonetic Science. Karger Publishers. doi: 10.1159/000501644 3. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (submitted). "Distinct phase space topologies of identical phonemic sequences". Language. Linguistic Society of America. The present work introduces a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm in which participants were asked to utter repetitive sequences of elementary consonant-vowel syllables. This paradigm, explicitly designed to cover speech rates from a substantially wider range than has been explored so far in previous work, is demonstrated to satisfy the important prerequisites for assessing so far difficult to access aspects of speech. Specifically, the paradigm's extensive speech rate manipulation enabled elicitation of a great range of movement speeds as well as movement durations and excursions of the relevant effectors. The presence of such variation is a prerequisite to assessing whether invariant relations between these and other parameters exist and thus provides the foundation for a rigorous evaluation of the two laws examined in the first two contributions of this work. In the data resulting from this paradigm, it is shown that speech movements obey the same fundamental laws as movements from other domains of motor control do. In particular, it is demonstrated that speech strongly adheres to the power law relation between speed and curvature of movement with a clear speech rate dependency of the power law's exponent. The often-sought or reported exponent of one third in the statement of the law is unique to a subclass of movements which corresponds to the range of faster rates under which a particular utterance is produced. For slower rates, significantly larger values than one third are observed. Furthermore, for the first time in speech this work uncovers evidence for the presence of Fitts' law. It is shown that, beyond a speaker-specific speech rate, speech movements of the tongue clearly obey Fitts' law by emergence of its characteristic linear relation between movement time and index of difficulty. For slower speech rates (when temporal pressure is small), no such relation is observed. The methods and datasets obtained in the two assessment above provide a rigorous foundation both for addressing implications for theories and models of speech as well as for better understanding the status of speech movements in the context of human movements in general. All modern theories of language rely on a fundamental segmental hypothesis according to which the phonological message of an utterance is represented by a sequence of segments or phonemes. It is commonly assumed that each of these phonemes can be mapped to some unit of speech motor action, a so-called speech gesture. For the first time here, it is demonstrated that the relation between the phonological description of simple utterances and the corresponding speech motor action is non-unique. Specifically, by the extensive speech rate manipulation in the herein used experimental paradigm it is demonstrated that speech exhibits clearly distinct dynamical organizations underlying the production of simple utterances. At slower speech rates, the dynamical organization underlying the repetitive production of elementary /CV/ syllables can be described by successive concatenations of closing and opening gestures, each with its own equilibrium point. As speech rate increases, the equilibria of opening and closing gestures are not equally stable yielding qualitatively different modes of organization with either a single equilibrium point of a combined opening-closing gesture or a periodic attractor unleashed by the disappearance of both equilibria. This observation, the non-uniqueness of the dynamical organization underlying what on the surface appear to be identical phonemic sequences, is an entirely new result in the domain of speech. Beyond that, the demonstration of periodic attractors in speech reveals that dynamical equilibrium point models do not account for all possible modes of speech motor behavior. N2 - In der vorliegende Arbeit belegen wir die Gültigkeit zweier bedeutender Motorikgesetze in Sprechdaten repetitiver Silben des Deutsch und Englischs: das fittsche Gesetz und das speed-curvature power law. Durch Anwendung eines größeren Sprechratenbereichs als in bisherigen Untersuchungen und anspruchsvollen numerischen Methoden zeigen wir das Auftreten dieser beiden Gesetze in klarerer Gestalt als in anderen Arbeit zuvor. Des Weiteren eröffnen wir den Versuch die Struktur repetitiver Sprechbewegungen dynamisch zu beschreiben, mit ersten Indizien für die Existenz mehrerer, qualitativ verschiedener,dynamischer Moden in ein und derselben phonologischen Sequenz. T2 - Allgemeine motorische Gesetzmäßigkeiten und dynamische Strukturen des Sprechens KW - speech motor control KW - speed-curvature power law KW - Fitts' law KW - repetitive speech KW - tongue movements KW - Sprechmotorik KW - Speed-Curvature Power Law KW - Fitts' Gesetz KW - Sprechwiederholungen KW - Zungenbewegungen Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437714 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krug, Ragna A1 - Stübner, Hanna A1 - Hoffmann, Sophie A1 - Heide, Judith T1 - Die Behandlung dysprosodischer Symptome bei Sprechapraxie BT - Eine Einzelfallstudie JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437808 SN - 978-3-86956-448-7 SN - 1866-9085 SN - 1866-9433 IS - 11 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A. T1 - Alcohol in the aging brain BT - the interplay between alcohol consumption, cognitive decline and the cardiovascular system JF - Frontiers in neuroscience N2 - As our society grows older new challenges for medicine and healthcare emerge. Age-related changes of the body have been observed in essential body functions, particularly in the loco-motor system, in the cardiovascular system and in cognitive functions concerning both brain plasticity and changes in behavior. Nutrition and lifestyle, such as nicotine intake and chronic alcohol consumption, also contribute to biological changes in the brain. This review addresses the effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive decline, changes in brain plasticity in the aging brain and on cardiovascular health in aging. Thus, studies on the interplay of chronic alcohol intake and either cognitive decline or cognitive preservation are outlined. Because of the inconsistency in the literature of whether alcohol consumption preserves cognitive functions in the aging brain or whether it accelerates cognitive decline, it is crucial to consider individual contributing factors such as culture, health and lifestyle in future studies. KW - cognitive decline KW - neuroplasticity KW - AUD KW - alcohol consumption KW - aging brain Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00713 SN - 1662-453X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka A1 - Nazzi, Thierry T1 - Variability and stability in early language acquisition BT - comparing recognition and bilingual infants' speech perception and word recognition JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Many human infants grow up learning more than one language simultaneously but only recently has research started to study early language acquisition in this population more systematically. The paper gives an overview on findings on early language acquisition in bilingual infants during the first two years of life and compares these findings to current knowledge on early language acquisition in monolingual infants. Given the state of the research, the overview focuses on research on phonological and early lexical development in the first two years of life. We will show that the developmental trajectory of early language acquisition in these areas is very similar in mono- and bilingual infants suggesting that these early steps into language are guided by mechanisms that are rather robust against the differences in the conditions of language exposure that mono- and bilingual infants typically experience. KW - language acquisition KW - bilingual infants KW - bilingual phonological KW - development KW - bilingual lexical development KW - simultaneous bilingualism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000348 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 71 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Häussler, Jana A1 - Mucha, Anna A1 - Schmidt, Andreas A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Wierzba, Marta T1 - Experimenting with Lurchi BT - V2 and agreement violations in poetic contexts JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432553 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 307 EP - 321 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Le tournant sémiotique du début du XXème siècle T1 - The semiotic turn of the early XX century BT - une approche sérielle BT - a serial approach JF - Historiographia Linguistica N2 - Le centenaire de la publication du Cours de linguistique générale (1916) de Ferdinand de Saussure nous a invité à reconsidérer l’importance de cet ouvrage et le rôle de son auteur pour la fondation d’une linguistique intégrée dans une sémiologie. Il n’y a aucun doute que cet auteur fut extrêmement important pour le développement de la linguistique structurale en Europe et qu’avec son concept du signe linguistique il a fait œuvre de pionnier pour le tournant sémiologique. Mais l’accueil favorable d’une théorie dans le milieu scientifique ne s’explique pas seulement par sa qualité intérieure, mais par plusieurs conditions extérieures. Ces conditions seront analysées sur trois plans: (1) l’arrivée de la méthode des néogrammairiens à ses limites qui incitait alors à l’étude de l’unité du signifiant et du signifié; (2) la simplification et l’outrance de la pensée structurale dans le Cours, publié en 1916 par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye et (3) la préparation de la réception de la pensée sémiologique par plusieurs travaux parallèles. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.00039.has SN - 0302-5160 SN - 1569-9781 VL - 46 IS - 1-2 SP - 85 EP - 100 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER -