TY - GEN A1 - Siska, Veronika A1 - Jones, Eppie Ruth A1 - Jeon, Sungwon A1 - Bhak, Youngjune A1 - Kim, Hak-Min A1 - Cho, Yun Sung A1 - Kim, Hyunho A1 - Lee, Kyusang A1 - Veselovskaya, Elizaveta A1 - Balueva, Tatiana A1 - Gallego-Llorente, Marcos A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. A1 - Eriksson, Anders A1 - Pinhasi, Ron A1 - Bhak, Jong A1 - Manica, Andrea T1 - Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently similar to 3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. We report genome-wide data from two hunter-gatherers from Devil's Gate, an early Neolithic cave site (dated to similar to 7.7 thousand years ago) located in East Asia, on the border between Russia and Korea. Both of these individuals are genetically most similar to geographically close modern populations from the Amur Basin, all speaking Tungusic languages, and, in particular, to the Ulchi. The similarity to nearby modern populations and the low levels of additional genetic material in the Ulchi imply a high level of genetic continuity in this region during the Holocene, a pattern that markedly contrasts with that reported for Europe. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 791 KW - Mitochondrial-DNA analysis KW - positive selection KW - jomon skeletons KW - ancient DNA KW - pigmentation KW - population KW - admixture KW - edar KW - gene KW - polymorohism Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439977 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 791 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baylis, Alastair M. M. A1 - Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna A1 - Voigt, Christian C. A1 - Orben, Rachael A. A1 - Trillmich, Fritz A1 - Staniland, Iain J. A1 - Hoffman, Joseph I. T1 - Pup vibrissae stable isotopes reveal geographic differences in adult female southern sea lion habitat use during gestation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Individuals within populations often differ substantially in habitat use, the ecological consequences of which can be far reaching. Stable isotope analysis provides a convenient and often cost effective means of indirectly assessing the habitat use of individuals that can yield valuable insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of foraging specialisations within a population. Here we use the stable isotope ratios of southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens) pup vibrissae at the Falkland Islands, in the South Atlantic, as a proxy for adult female habitat use during gestation. A previous study found that adult females from one breeding colony (Big Shag Island) foraged in two discrete habitats, inshore (coastal) or offshore (outer Patagonian Shelf). However, as this species breeds at over 70 sites around the Falkland Islands, it is unclear if this pattern is representative of the Falkland Islands as a whole. In order to characterize habitat use, we therefore assayed carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) ratios from 65 southern sea lion pup vibrissae, sampled across 19 breeding colonies at the Falkland Islands. Model-based clustering of pup isotope ratios identified three distinct clusters, representing adult females that foraged inshore, offshore, and a cluster best described as intermediate. A significant difference was found in the use of inshore and offshore habitats between West and East Falkland and between the two colonies with the largest sample sizes, both of which are located in East Falkland. However, habitat use was unrelated to the proximity of breeding colonies to the Patagonian Shelf, a region associated with enhanced biological productivity. Our study thus points towards other factors, such as local oceanography and its influence on resource distribution, playing a prominent role in inshore and offshore habitat use. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 546 KW - Falkland islands KW - Patagonian Shelf KW - marine predator KW - ecology KW - specialization KW - population KW - patterns KW - otters KW - diet Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411842 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 546 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilske, Burkhard A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus A1 - Hohmann, Maximilian A1 - Methler, Annabel A1 - Herde, Antje A1 - Liesenjohann, Thilo A1 - Dannenmann, Michael A1 - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus A1 - Breuer, Lutz T1 - Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 499 KW - small mammalian herbivores KW - Microtus agrestis KW - pocket gophers KW - field voles KW - ecosystem services KW - functional traits KW - organic-carbon KW - nitrogen KW - population KW - landscape Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408375 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 499 ER -