TY - GEN A1 - Ciaccio, Laura Anna A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Variability and consistency in first and second language processing BT - A masked morphological priming study on prefixation and suffixation T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + -ed/-er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers. Open Practices This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 869 KW - prefixed words KW - derivation KW - second language processing KW - masked priming KW - morphology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517727 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heyer, Vera A1 - Kornishova, Dana T1 - Semantic transparency affects morphological priming ... eventually JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Semantic transparency has been in the focus of psycholinguistic research for decades, with the controversy about the time course of the application of morpho-semantic information during the processing of morphologically complex words not yet resolved. This study reports two masked priming studies with English -ness and Russian -ost’ nominalisations, investigating how semantic transparency modulates native speakers’ morphological priming effects at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both languages, we found increased morphological priming for nominalisations at the transparent end of the scale (e.g. paleness – pale) in comparison to items at the opaque end of the scale (e.g. business – busy) but only at longer prime durations. The present findings are in line with models that posit an initial phase of morpho-orthographic (semantically blind) decomposition. KW - Semantic transparency KW - masked priming KW - derivation KW - morpho-orthographic versus morpho-semantic Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310915 SN - 1747-0218 SN - 1747-0226 VL - 71 IS - 5 SP - 1112 EP - 1124 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Heyer, Vera A1 - Verissimo, Joao Marques T1 - Aiming at the same target BT - a masked priming study directly comparing derivation and inflection in the second language JF - International journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior N2 - Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We compared the processing of morphologically complex derived vs. inflected forms in native speakers of German and highly proficient native Russian second language (L2) learners of German. Design/methodology/approach: We measured morphological priming effects for derived and inflected German words. To ensure that priming effects were genuinely morphological, the design also contained semantic and orthographic control conditions. Data and analysis: 40 native speakers of German and 36 native Russian learners of L2 German participated in a masked-priming lexical-decision experiment. For both participant groups, priming effects for derived vs. inflected words were compared using linear mixed effects models. Findings/conclusions: While first language (L1) speakers showed similar facilitation effects for both derived and inflected primes, L2 speakers showed a difference between the two prime types, with robust priming effects only for derived, but not for inflected forms. Originality: Unlike in previous studies investigating derivation and inflection in L2 processing, priming effects for derived and inflected prime-target pairs were determined on the basis of the same target word, allowing for a direct comparison between the two morphological phenomena. In this respect, this is the first study to directly compare the processing of derived vs. inflected forms in L2 speakers. Significance/implications: The results are inconsistent with accounts predicting general L1/L2 differences for all types of morphologically complex forms as well as accounts assuming that L1 and L2 processing are based on the same mechanisms. We discuss theoretical implications for L2 processing mechanisms, and propose an explanation which can account for the data pattern. KW - Morphological processing KW - derivation KW - inflection KW - second language (L2) learners KW - masked priming Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006916688333 SN - 1367-0069 SN - 1756-6878 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 619 EP - 637 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ciaccio, Laura Anna A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Variability and consistency in first and second language processing BT - A masked morphological priming study on prefixation and suffixation JF - Language Learning N2 - Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + -ed/-er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers. Open Practices This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: . KW - prefixed words KW - derivation KW - second language processing KW - masked priming KW - morphology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12370 SN - 0023-8333 SN - 1467-9922 VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 103 EP - 136 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Safak, Duygu Fatma A1 - Demir, Orhan A1 - Kirkici, Bilal T1 - Preserved morphological processing in heritage speakers BT - a masked priming study on Turkish JF - Second language research N2 - In a masked morphological priming experiment, we compared the processing of derived and inflected morphologically complex Turkish words in heritage speakers of Turkish living in Berlin and in native speakers of Turkish raised and living in Turkey. The results show significant derivational and inflectional priming effects of a similar magnitude in the heritage group and the control group. For both participant groups, semantic and orthographic control conditions indicate that these priming effects are genuinely morphological in nature, and cannot be due to semantic or orthographic similarity between prime and target. These results suggest that morphological processing in heritage speakers is based on the same fundamental processing mechanisms as in prototypical native speakers. We conclude that heritage speakers, despite the fact that they have acquired the language in a particular setting and were exposed to a relatively limited amount of input, can nevertheless develop native-like processing mechanisms for complex words. KW - derivation KW - heritage speakers KW - inflection KW - morphological processing KW - Turkish Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658318764535 SN - 0267-6583 SN - 1477-0326 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 173 EP - 194 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reifegerste, Jana A1 - Elin, Kirill A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Persistent differences between native speakers and late bilinguals BT - Evidence from inflectional and derivational processing in older speakers JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Previous research with younger adults has revealed differences between native (L1) and non-native late-bilingual (L2) speakers with respect to how morphologically complex words are processed. This study examines whether these L1/L2 differences persist into old age. We tested masked-priming effects for derived and inflected word forms in older L1 and L2 speakers of German and compared them to results from younger L1 and L2 speakers on the same experiment (mean ages: 62 vs. 24). We found longer overall response times paired with better accuracy scores for older (L1 and L2) participants than for younger participants. The priming patterns, however, were not affected by chronological age. While both L1 and L2 speakers showed derivational priming, only the L1 speakers demonstrated inflectional priming. We argue that general performance in both L1 and L2 is affected by aging, but that the more profound differences between native and non-native processing persist into old age. KW - aging KW - late bilinguals KW - processing KW - morphology KW - inflection KW - derivation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000615 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 440 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ciaccio, Laura Anna A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Semenza, Carlo T1 - Derivational morphology in agrammatic aphasia BT - a comparison between prefixed and suffixed words T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although a relatively large number of studies on acquired language impairments have tested the case of derivational morphology, none of these have specifically investigated whether there are differences in how prefixed and suffixed derived words are impaired. Based on linguistic and psycholinguistic considerations on prefixed and suffixed derived words, differences in how these two types of derivations are processed, and consequently impaired, are predicted. In the present study, we investigated the errors produced in reading aloud simple, prefixed, and suffixed words by three German individuals with agrammatic aphasia (NN, LG, SA). We found that, while NN and LG produced similar numbers of errors with prefixed and suffixed words, SA showed a selective impairment for prefixed words. Furthermore, NN and SA produced more errors specifically involving the affix with prefixed words than with suffixed words. We discuss our findings in terms of relative position of stem and affix in prefixed and suffixed words, as well as in terms of specific properties of prefixes and suffixes. KW - Broca’s aphasia KW - morphological decomposition KW - morphological errors KW - derivation KW - prefixes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473995 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 648 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ciaccio, Laura Anna A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - Semenza, Carlo T1 - Derivational morphology in agrammatic aphasia BT - a comparison between prefixed and suffixed words JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Although a relatively large number of studies on acquired language impairments have tested the case of derivational morphology, none of these have specifically investigated whether there are differences in how prefixed and suffixed derived words are impaired. Based on linguistic and psycholinguistic considerations on prefixed and suffixed derived words, differences in how these two types of derivations are processed, and consequently impaired, are predicted. In the present study, we investigated the errors produced in reading aloud simple, prefixed, and suffixed words by three German individuals with agrammatic aphasia (NN, LG, SA). We found that, while NN and LG produced similar numbers of errors with prefixed and suffixed words, SA showed a selective impairment for prefixed words. Furthermore, NN and SA produced more errors specifically involving the affix with prefixed words than with suffixed words. We discuss our findings in terms of relative position of stem and affix in prefixed and suffixed words, as well as in terms of specific properties of prefixes and suffixes. KW - Broca’s aphasia KW - morphological decomposition KW - morphological errors KW - derivation KW - prefixes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01070 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Verissimo, Joao Marques T1 - Investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals The case of morphological priming JF - Linguistic approaches to bilingualism N2 - In this article we discuss methods for investigating grammatical processing in bilinguals. We will present a methodological approach that relies on: (i) linguistic theory (in our case, morphology) for the construction of experimental materials; (ii) a design that allows for direct (within-experiment, within-participant, and within-item) comparisons of the critical conditions; and (iii) data analysis techniques that make both linear and non-linear gradient effects visible. We review recent studies of masked morphological priming in bilinguals in which the application of these methodological principles revealed highly selective interactions of age of acquisition (and the native/non-native contrast) with the linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation. We believe that such considerations are not only relevant for grammatical processing experiments, but also for studying bilingualism, and its potential cognitive advantages, more generally. KW - Morphological priming KW - inflection KW - derivation KW - age of acquisition KW - critical period Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.15039.cla SN - 1879-9264 SN - 1879-9272 VL - 6 SP - 685 EP - 698 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leminen, Alina A1 - Lehtonen, Minna A1 - Bozic, Mirjana A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Editorial: Morphologically Complex Words in the Mind/Brain T2 - Frontiers in human neuroscienc KW - morphology KW - derivation KW - inflection KW - compound KW - L2 KW - dyslexia KW - semantics KW - decomposition Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00047 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 10 SP - 150 EP - 160 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heyer, Vera A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Late bilinguals see a scan in scanner AND in scandal BT - dissecting formal overlap from morphological priming in the processing of derived words T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Masked priming research with late (non-native) bilinguals has reported facilitation effects following morphologically derived prime words (scanner - scan). However, unlike for native speakers, there are suggestions that purely orthographic prime-target overlap (scandal - scan) also produces priming in non-native visual word recognition. Our study directly compares orthographically related and derived prime-target pairs. While native readers showed morphological but not formal overlap priming, the two prime types yielded the same magnitudes of facilitation for non-natives. We argue that early word recognition processes in a non-native language are more influenced by surface-form properties than in one's native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 507 KW - masked priming KW - late bilinguals KW - derivation KW - orthographic overlap Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414441 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 507 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leminen, Alina A1 - Lehtonen, Minna A1 - Bozic, Mirjana A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Editorial BT - morphologically complex words in the mind/brain T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - kein abstract vorhanden T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 441 KW - morphology KW - derivation KW - inflection KW - compound KW - L2 KW - dyslexia KW - semantics KW - decomposition Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407243 IS - 441 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heyer, Vera A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Late bilinguals see a scan in scanner AND in scandal: dissecting formal overlap from morphological priming in the processing of derived words JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. N2 - Masked priming research with late (non-native) bilinguals has reported facilitation effects following morphologically derived prime words (scanner - scan). However, unlike for native speakers, there are suggestions that purely orthographic prime-target overlap (scandal - scan) also produces priming in non-native visual word recognition. Our study directly compares orthographically related and derived prime-target pairs. While native readers showed morphological but not formal overlap priming, the two prime types yielded the same magnitudes of facilitation for non-natives. We argue that early word recognition processes in a non-native language are more influenced by surface-form properties than in one's native language. KW - Masked priming KW - late bilinguals KW - derivation KW - orthographic overlap Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728914000662 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 543 EP - 550 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER -