TY - THES A1 - Hauenstein, Silke T1 - „Auf einmal der Hund hat sich mies erschrocken.“ Eine korpuslinguistische Analyse von V3-Deklarativa mono- und bilingualer L1-Sprecher:innen sowie fortgeschrittener Lernender des Deutschen N2 - V3-Deklarativa – wie z.B. ‚Auf einmal der Hund hat sich mies erschrocken‘ – kommen sowohl bei bilingualen als auch bei monolingualen L1-Sprecher:innen des Deutschen vor. Im Rahmen einer korpuslinguistischen Analyse anhand des RUEG-Korpus (Wiese et al. 2021) untersucht diese Masterarbeit die folgende Fragestellung: In welchen Kontexten verwenden mono- und bilinguale Sprecher:innen des Deutschen genuines V3? Dabei bezieht sich der Begriff ‚Kontext‘ sowohl auf das Setting, in dem die V3-Deklarativa produziert werden (mediale und konzeptionelle Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit), als auch den linguistischen Kontext (syntaktische, semantische, informationsstrukturelle und phonologische Eigenschaften der präverbalen Konstituenten). Die Korpusuntersuchung ergibt, dass V3-Belege in allen Settings und in allen Sprecher:innengruppen auftreten. Die bilingualen Sprecher:innen verwenden insgesamt häufiger V3 als die monolingualen, wobei jedoch große Frequenzunterschiede je nach Heritage-Sprache vorliegen. Hinsichtlich der präverbalen Konstituenten bestätigt sich die bereits in der vorherigen Forschung identifizierte Tendenz zur syntaktischen Abfolge Adverbial-Subjekt und zur semantischen Abfolge Zeit-Person. Neben Temporaladverbialen erscheinen insbesondere Satzadverbiale als initiale Konstituente. Auf Ebene der Informationsstruktur kann den initialen Adverbialen zu fast 94% die Funktion eines Diskurslinkers oder Framesetters zugeschrieben werden, was die These einer informationsstrukturellen Motivation der V3-Stellung bekräftigt. Eine zweite Korpusanalyse anhand des Korpus Falko der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin zeigt, dass sich auch bei V3-Deklarativa fortgeschrittener DaF-Lernender eine informationsstrukturelle Motivation der Syntax geltend machen lässt. Insgesamt plädiert die Masterarbeit somit für einen ressourcenorientierten Blick auf V3-Strukturen. N2 - V3 declaratives such as 'Auf einmal der Hund hat sich mies erschrocken' occur in the language use of bilingual as well as monolingual L1 speakers of German. In a corpus study using the data of the corpus RUEG (Wiese et al. 2021) this Master’s thesis investigates the following research question: What are the contexts in which monolingual and bilingual speakers of German use genuine V3? The term 'context' here refers to both the setting (medial and conceptual orality and literacy) and the linguistic context (syntactic, semantic, information-structural and phonological properties of the preverbal constituents). The findings from the corpus study show that V3 is produced in all settings and by all speaker groups. The bilingual speakers use V3 more often than the monolingual ones. However, there are major frequency differences depending on the heritage language. Regarding the preverbal constituents, a tendency towards the syntactic order adverbial-subject and the semantic order time-person has been confirmed. Besides temporal adverbials, it is mainly sentence adverbials that occur as initial constituents. In terms of information structure, nearly 94% of the initial adverbials function as a discourse linker or a frame-setter. Hence, the results support the claim that V3 is motivated by information structure. In a second corpus study I analyze data from the learner corpus Falko (Humboldt University of Berlin). The findings suggest that an information-structural motivation can be identified not only for V3 declaratives of L1 speakers but also of advanced learners of German as a foreign language. Overall, this Master’s thesis thus argues for a resource-oriented view on V3 structures. KW - V3 KW - Syntax KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Diskurslinker KW - Framesetter KW - Korpusanalyse KW - RUEG KW - Falko KW - L1 KW - L2 KW - Heritage-Sprache KW - Bilingualität KW - Mehrsprachigkeit KW - DaF KW - V3-Deklarativa KW - Adverbial-Subjekt KW - V3 KW - syntax KW - information structure KW - discourse linker KW - frame-setter KW - corpus study KW - RUEG KW - Falko KW - L1 KW - L2 KW - heritage language KW - bilingualism KW - multilingualism KW - German as a foreign language KW - V3 declaratives KW - adverbial-subject Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-583140 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bevacqua, Luca A1 - Scheffler, Tatjana T1 - Form variation of pronominal it-clefts in written English BT - a corpus study in Twitter and iWeb JF - Linguistics vanguard N2 - Clefts are well-studied as a construction which induces emphasis on its clefted referent. However, little is known about the distribution of different stylistic forms of it-cleft variants. We report on a corpus study mining data from Twitter, targeting sentences clefting a pronoun in English. We examine the following features: case and syntactic role of the clefted pronoun, contraction of the copula, choice of complementiser and use of emphasis markers. The results show systematic associations between these features. A further comparison between the Twitter dataset and data from iWeb, a corpus of general-use web language, shows significant differences in levels of emphasis and formality, positioning Twitter language in the middle of the conceptual orality spectrum. KW - clefts KW - corpus study KW - English KW - emphasis KW - computer-mediated communication Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0066 SN - 2199-174X VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - De Cesare, Ilaria T1 - Word order variability and change in German infinitival complements T1 - Variation und Wandel in der Stellung deutscher Infinitivkomplemente BT - a multi-causal approach BT - ein multikausaler Ansatz N2 - The present work deals with the variation in the linearisation of German infinitival complements from a diachronic perspective. Based on the observation that in present-day German the position of infinitival complements is restricted by properties of the matrix verb (Haider, 2010, Wurmbrand, 2001), whereas this appears much more liberal in older stages of German (Demske, 2008, Maché and Abraham, 2011, Demske, 2015), this dissertation investigates the emergence of those restrictions and the factors that have led to a reduced, yet still existing variability. The study contrasts infinitival complements of two types of matrix verbs, namely raising and control verbs. In present-day German, these show different syntactic behaviour and opposite preferences as far as the position of the infinitive is concerned: while infinitival complements of raising verbs build a single clausal domain with the with the matrix verb and occur obligatorily intraposed, infinitive complements of control verbs can form clausal constituents and occur predominantly extraposed. This correlation is not attested in older stages of German, at least not until Early New High German. Drawing on diachronic corpus data, the present work provides a description of the changes in the linearisation of infinitival complements from Early New High German to present-day German which aims at finding out when the correlation between infinitive type and word order emerged and further examines their possible causes. The study shows that word order change in German infinitival complements is not a case of syntactic change in the narrow sense, but that the diachronic variation results from the interaction of different language-internal and language-external factors and that it reflects, on the one hand, the influence of language modality on the emerging standard language and, on the other hand, a process of specialisation. N2 - Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Variation in der Linearisierung von deutschen Infinitivkomplementen aus diachroner Perspektive. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass im Gegenwartsdeutschen die Stellung von Infinitivkomplementen durch Eigenschaften des Matrixverbs eingeschränkt wird (Haider, 2010, Wurmbrand, 2001), während diese in älteren Sprachstufen des Deutschen viel liberaler erscheint (Demske, 2008, Maché und Abraham, 2011, Demske, 2015), untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation die Entstehung solcher Beschränkungen und die Faktoren, die zu einer reduzierten, jedoch noch bestehenden Variation geführt haben. In der Untersuchung werden die Wortstellungseigenschaften von Infinitivkomplementen gegenübergestellt, die von zwei Typen von Matrixverben eingebettet werden, nämlich Anhebungs- und Kontrollverben. Diese zeigen im Gegenwartsdeutschen ein unterschiedliches syntaktisches Verhalten und entgegengesetzte Präferenzen, was die Stellung des Infinitivs betrifft: Während Infinitivkomplemente von Anhebungsverben einen Verbalkomplex mit dem Matrixverb bilden und obligatorisch intraponiert vorkommen, bilden Infinitivkomplemente von Kontrollverben sententiale Konstituenten und kommen überwiegend extraponiert vor. In älteren Sprachstufen des Deutschen konnte diese Korrelation bis ins Frühneuhochdeutsche nicht festgestellt werden. Neben einer empirisch fundierten Beschreibung des Wortstellungswandels von Infinitivkomplementen, die darauf abzielt, den Zeitpunkt der Entstehung dieser Korrelation zu identifizieren, werden in der Arbeit mögliche Faktoren und Gründe untersucht, die zu diesen Präferenzen geführt haben. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass der Worstellungswandel in deutschen Infinitivkomplementen nicht dem syntaktischen Wandel im engeren Sinne zuzuordnen ist, sondern dass die diachrone Variation auf einem Zusammenspiel von verschiedenen sprachinternen und sprachexternen Faktoren beruht. Es wird dafür argumentiert, dass sich die diachrone Distribution der Wortstellungsmuster zum einen durch den Einfluss von Medialität auf die Entstehung der Standardsprache, zum anderen durch einen Prozess der Spezialisierung erklären lässt. KW - infinitival complements KW - syntactic change KW - Early New High German KW - quantitative historical linguistics KW - corpus study KW - Infinitivkomplemente KW - syntaktischer Wandel KW - Frühneuhochdeutsch KW - quantitative historische Linguistik KW - Korpusstudie Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-527358 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order in German child language and child-directed speech BT - a corpus analysis on the ordering of double objects in the German middlefield JF - Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics N2 - We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation. KW - German KW - word order KW - corpus study KW - language acquisition KW - information structure KW - referring expression Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.281 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press LTD CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order in German child language and child-directed speech BT - A corpus analysis on the ordering of double objects in the German middlefield T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 687 KW - German KW - word order KW - corpus study KW - language acquisition KW - information structure KW - referring expression Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470174 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 687 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouma, Gerlof J. A1 - Hendriks, Petra T1 - Partial word order freezing in Dutch T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Dutch allows for variation as to whether the first position in the sentence is occupied by the subject or by some other constituent, such as the direct object. In particular situations, however, this commonly observed variation in word order is ‘frozen’ and only the subject appears in first position. We hypothesize that this partial freezing of word order in Dutch can be explained from the dependence of the speaker’s choice of word order on the hearer’s interpretation of this word order. A formal model of this interaction between the speaker’s perspective and the hearer’s perspective is presented in terms of bidirectional Optimality Theory. Empirical predictions of this model regarding the interaction between word order and definiteness are confirmed by a quantitative corpus study. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 625 KW - bidirectional optimality theory KW - corpus study KW - definiteness KW - variation KW - word order freezing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430496 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 625 ER -