TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Winter, Robert A1 - Schmidt, Pamela A1 - Narasimhan, Sathya ED - Bui, Tung X. T1 - Minitrack introduction: Enterprise Ecosystems BT - the integrated enterprise, levels of information systems research (process, enterprise-, ecosystem- & industry-level) T2 - Proceedings of the 57th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences N2 - While Information Systems Research exists at the individual and workgroup levels, research on IS at the enterprise level is less common. The potential synergies between the study of enterprise systems (ES) and related fields have been underexplored and often treated as separate entities. The ongoing challenge is to seamlessly integrate technological advances and align business processes across organizations. While systems integration within an organization is common, changes occur when industry and ecosystem perspectives come into play. The four selected papers address different facets of the future role of enterprise ecosystems, including implementation challenges, ecosystem boundaries, and B2B platform specifics. KW - information systems research KW - ERP KW - enteprise-level KW - enterprise systems Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-9981331-7-1 SN - 2572-6862 SP - 6370 EP - 6371 PB - Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences CY - Honolulu, HI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Pia A1 - Roehm, Dietmar A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias A1 - Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina T1 - The interaction of predictive processing and similarity-based retrieval interference BT - an ERP study JF - Language, cognition and neuroscience N2 - Language processing requires memory retrieval to integrate current input with previous context and making predictions about upcoming input. We propose that prediction and retrieval are two sides of the same coin, i.e. functionally the same, as they both activate memory representations. Under this assumption, memory retrieval and prediction should interact: Retrieval interference can only occur at a word that triggers retrieval and a fully predicted word would not do that. The present study investigated the proposed interaction with event-related potentials (ERPs) during the processing of sentence pairs in German. Predictability was measured via cloze probability. Memory retrieval was manipulated via the position of a distractor inducing proactive or retroactive similarity-based interference. Linear mixed model analyses provided evidence for the hypothesised interaction in a broadly distributed negativity, which we discuss in relation to the interference ERP literature. Our finding supports the proposal that memory retrieval and prediction are functionally the same. KW - Language KW - memory retrieval KW - interference KW - prediction KW - predictive KW - processing KW - interaction KW - ERP Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2022.2026421 SN - 2327-3798 SN - 2327-3801 VL - 37 IS - 7 SP - 883 EP - 901 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Rösler, Frank T1 - Are words pre-activated probabilistically during sentence comprehension? BT - evidence from new data and a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis using publicly available data JF - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience N2 - Several studies (e.g., Wicha et al., 2003b; DeLong et al., 2005) have shown that readers use information from the sentential context to predict nouns (or some of their features), and that predictability effects can be inferred from the EEG signal in determiners or adjectives appearing before the predicted noun. While these findings provide evidence for the pre-activation proposal, recent replication attempts together with inconsistencies in the results from the literature cast doubt on the robustness of this phenomenon. Our study presents the first attempt to use the effect of gender on predictability in German to study the pre-activation hypothesis, capitalizing on the fact that all German nouns have a gender and that their preceding determiners can show an unambiguous gender marking when the noun phrase has accusative case. Despite having a relatively large sample size (of 120 subjects), both our preregistered and exploratory analyses failed to yield conclusive evidence for or against an effect of pre-activation. The sign of the effect is, however, in the expected direction: the more unexpected the gender of the determiner, the larger the negativity. The recent, inconclusive replication attempts by Nieuwland et al. (2018) and others also show effects with signs in the expected direction. We conducted a Bayesian random-ef-fects meta-analysis using our data and the publicly available data from these recent replication attempts. Our meta-analysis shows a relatively clear but very small effect that is consistent with the pre-activation account and demonstrates a very important advantage of the Bayesian data analysis methodology: we can incrementally accumulate evidence to obtain increasingly precise estimates of the effect of interest. KW - ERP KW - pre-activation KW - predictions KW - grammatical gender KW - Bayesian meta-analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107427 SN - 0028-3932 SN - 1873-3514 VL - 142 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Bertheau, Clementine A1 - Lauppe, Hannah T1 - Robotic Process Automation statt neuem ERP-System T1 - Robotic Process Automation instead of new ERP systems BT - das steckt hinter dem Hype BT - what’s behind the hype JF - ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einführung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen N2 - Robotic Process Automation (RPA) steht für die softwareunterstützte Bedienung von Softwarelösungen über deren Benutzeroberfläche. Das primäre Ziel, das mit RPA erreicht werden soll, ist die automatisierte Ausführung von Routineaufgaben, die bisher einen menschlichen Eingriff erforderten. Das Potenzial von RPA, Prozesse langfristig zu verbessern, ist allerdings stark begrenzt. Die Automatisierung von Prozessen und die Überbrückung von Medienbrüchen auf der Front-End-Ebene führt zu einer Vielzahl von Abhängigkeiten und Bedingungen, die in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst werden. Der Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Unternehmensarchitektur (bestehend aus Prozessen und Systemen) erfordert offene, adaptive Systeme mit moderner Architektur, die sich durch ein hohes Maß an Interoperabilität auf verschiedenen Ebenen auszeichnen. N2 - Robotic Process Automation (RPA) stands for the software-sup-ported operation of software solutions via their user interface. The primary goal to be achieved by RPA is the automated execution of tasks that previously required human intervention. The potential of RPA to improve process improvements in the long term must be considered greatly limited. Automating processes and bridging media gaps at the front-end level results in a multitude of dependencies and conditions which this paper summarizes. The path to a sustainable enterprise architecture (consisting of processes and systems) requires open, adaptive systems with modern architecture, which are characterized by a high level of interoperability at different levels. KW - ERP KW - Robotic Process Automation KW - RPA KW - Prozessintegration KW - Automatisierung KW - process integration KW - automation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.wiso-net.de/document/ERP__c8c3f3e4b15758c79ca036e7003be81d0a8b3864 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/ERP_21-1_29-32 SN - 1860-6725 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 32 PB - GITO mbH Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodapp, Alice A1 - Grimm, Sabine T1 - Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences JF - European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association N2 - The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input - even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns - a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace-related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity-driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event-related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event-related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence-related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern-specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity-related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions. KW - auditory sensory memory KW - entrainment KW - ERP KW - pattern detection KW - repetition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15123 SN - 0953-816X SN - 1460-9568 VL - 53 IS - 8 SP - 2740 EP - 2754 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Bertheau, Clementine A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Future ERP Systems BT - a research agenda T2 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2021) N2 - This paper presents a research agenda on the current generation of ERP systems which was developed based on a literature review on current problems of ERP systems. The problems are presented following the ERP life cycle. In the next step, the identified problems are mapped on a reference architecture model of ERP systems that is an extension of the three-tier architecture model that is widely used in practice. The research agenda is structured according to the reference architecture model and addresses the problems identified regarding data, infrastructure, adaptation, processes, and user interface layer. KW - ERP KW - Enterprise Resource Planning KW - Enterprise System KW - Three-tier Architecture KW - eference Architecture Model KW - Problems KW - Research Agenda Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-989-758-509-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0010477307760783 SN - 2184-4992 IS - 2 SP - 776 EP - 783 PB - Science and Technology Publications CY - Setúbal ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Auswahl von ERP-Systemen im Kontext von Individuallösungen JF - ERP Management N2 - Die Auswahl von Standardsoftware stellt viele Unternehmen vor Herausforderungen. Gerade im deutschen Mittelstand kommen vermehrt eigenentwickelte Individuallösungen zum Einsatz. Ent- sprechende Unternehmen sind daher nicht mit komplexen Soft- wareauswahlprojekten vertraut. Das breite Angebot an ERP-Systemen erschwert die Vergleichbarkeit der Lösungen und die zielgerichtete Auswahl des idealen Systems zusätzlich. KW - ERP KW - Systemauswahl KW - Systematisches Vorgehen KW - Invidiuallösungen KW - Altsyteme Y1 - 2020 UR - https://lswi.de/assets/downloads/publikationen/108/Bender-Auswahl-von-ERP-Systemen.pdf UR - https://www.wiso-net.de/document/ERP__d61045587574bf5a750d22c1db87cccd91e84d13 SN - 1860-6725 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 37 EP - 40 PB - Gito CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - ERP-Systeme BT - Architektur, Management und Funktionen des Enterprise Resource Planning T3 - De Gruyter Studium KW - ERP KW - Enterprise Resource Planning KW - Wirtschaftsinformatik KW - Industrie 4.0 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-11-066339-6 SN - 978-3-11-066283-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110663396 SN - 2365-7197 SN - 2365-7200 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin ; Boston ET - 4. Auflage ER - TY - THES A1 - Schumacher, Jochen T1 - Entwicklung eines Industrie 4.0 Reifegradindex für produzierende Unternehmen T1 - Development of an Industry 4.0 maturity index for manufacturing companies N2 - Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines Industrie 4.0 Reifegradindex für produzierende Unternehmen (KMU und Mittelstand) mit diskreter Produktion. Die Motivation zu dieser Arbeit entstand aus dem Zögern vieler Unternehmen – insbesondere KMU und Mittelstand – bei der Transformation in Richtung Industrie 4.0. Im Rahmen einer Marktstudie konnte belegt werden, dass 86 Prozent der befragten produzierenden Unternehmen kein für ihr Unternehmen geeignetes Industrie 4.0 Reifegradmodell gefunden haben, mit dem sie ihren Status Quo bewerten und Maßnahmen für einen höheren Grad der Reife ableiten könnten. Die Bewertung bestehender Reifegradmodelle zeigte Defizite hinsichtlich der Industrie 4.0 Abdeckung, der Betrachtung der sozio-technischen Dimensionen Mensch, Technik und Organisation sowie der Betrachtung von Management und Unternehmenskultur. Basierend auf den aktuellen Industrie 4.0 Technologien und Handlungsbereichen wurde ein neues, modular aufgebautes Industrie 4.0 Reifegradmodell entwickelt, das auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung aller sozio-technischen Dimensionen Mensch, Technik und Organisation sowie deren Schnittstellen basiert. Das Modell ermittelt neben dem Overall Industry 4.0 Maturity Index (OI4MI) vier weitere Indizes zur Bewertung der Industrie 4.0 Reife des Unternehmens. Das Modell wurde bei einem Unternehmen validiert und steht nun als Template für darauf aufbauende Forschungsarbeiten zur Verfügung. N2 - The aim of this work is the development of an Industry 4.0 maturity index for manufacturing companies (SMEs and medium-sized companies) with discrete production. The motivation for this work arose from the hesitation of many companies – especially SMEs and medium-sized companies – in the transformation towards Industry 4.0. A market study showed that 86 percent of the manufacturing companies surveyed did not find an Industry 4.0 maturity model suitable for their company, with which they could assess their status quo and derive measures for a higher degree of maturity. The evaluation of existing maturity models showed deficits with regard to Industry 4.0 coverage, the consideration of the socio-technical dimensions of people, technology and organization as well as the consideration of management and corporate culture. Based on the current Industry 4.0 technologies and areas of action, a new, modular Industry 4.0 maturity model was developed, which is based on a holistic consideration of all socio-technical dimensions of people, technology and organization as well as their interfaces. In addition to the Overall Industry 4.0 Maturity Index (OI4MI), the model determines four other indices to eval-uate the company's Industry 4.0 maturity. The model was validated at a company and is now available as a template for research based on it. KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Industry 4.0 KW - Reifegradmodell KW - maturity model KW - Produktion KW - production KW - Digitalisierung KW - digitalization KW - ERP KW - ERP KW - MES KW - MES KW - PLM KW - PLM KW - Smart Factory KW - smart factory KW - Supply Chain KW - supply chain KW - Produktlebenszyklus KW - product life cycle KW - Geschäftsmodelle KW - business models Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-554642 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bridwell, David A. A1 - Cavanagh, James F. A1 - Collins, Anne G. E. A1 - Nunez, Michael D. A1 - Srinivasan, Ramesh A1 - Stober, Sebastian A1 - Calhoun, Vince D. T1 - Moving Beyond ERP Components BT - a selective review of approaches to integrate EEG and behavior JF - Frontiers in human neuroscienc N2 - Relationships between neuroimaging measures and behavior provide important clues about brain function and cognition in healthy and clinical populations. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides a portable, low cost measure of brain dynamics, it has been somewhat underrepresented in the emerging field of model-based inference. We seek to address this gap in this article by highlighting the utility of linking EEG and behavior, with an emphasis on approaches for EEG analysis that move beyond focusing on peaks or "components" derived from averaging EEG responses across trials and subjects (generating the event-related potential, ERP). First, we review methods for deriving features from EEG in order to enhance the signal within single-trials. These methods include filtering based on user-defined features (i.e., frequency decomposition, time-frequency decomposition), filtering based on data-driven properties (i.e., blind source separation, BSS), and generating more abstract representations of data (e.g., using deep learning). We then review cognitive models which extract latent variables from experimental tasks, including the drift diffusion model (DDM) and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. Next, we discuss ways to access associations among these measures, including statistical models, data-driven joint models and cognitive joint modeling using hierarchical Bayesian models (HBMs). We think that these methodological tools are likely to contribute to theoretical advancements, and will help inform our understandings of brain dynamics that contribute to moment-to-moment cognitive function. KW - EEG KW - ERP KW - blind source separation KW - partial least squares KW - canonical correlations analysis KW - representational similarity analysis KW - deep learning KW - hierarchical Bayesian model Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00106 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Rico A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) enhances conflict-triggered adjustment of cognitive control JF - Cognitive, affective, & behavioral neuroscience : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - Response conflicts play a prominent role in the flexible adaptation of behavior as they represent context-signals that indicate the necessity for the recruitment of cognitive control. Previous studies have highlighted the functional roles of the affectively aversive and arousing quality of the conflict signal in triggering the adaptation process. To further test this potential link with arousal, participants performed a response conflict task in two separate sessions with either transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is assumed to activate the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NE) system, or with neutral sham stimulation. In both sessions the N2 and P3 event-related potentials (ERP) were assessed. In line with previous findings, conflict interference, the N2 and P3 amplitude were reduced after conflict. Most importantly, this adaptation to conflict was enhanced under tVNS compared to sham stimulation for conflict interference and the N2 amplitude. No effect of tVNS on the P3 component was found. These findings suggest that tVNS increases behavioral and electrophysiological markers of adaptation to conflict. Results are discussed in the context of the potentially underlying LC-NE and other neuromodulatory (e.g., GABA) systems. The present findings add important pieces to the understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms of conflict-triggered adjustment of cognitive control. KW - Conflict adaptation KW - Cognitive control KW - Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation KW - tVNS KW - ERP KW - N2 Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-0596-2 SN - 1530-7026 SN - 1531-135X VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 680 EP - 693 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris A1 - Frossard, Jaromil A1 - Renaud, Olivier T1 - Accounting for stimulus and participant effects in event-related potential analyses to increase the replicability of studies JF - Journal of neuroscience methods N2 - Background: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are increasingly used in cognitive science. With their high temporal resolution, they offer a unique window into cognitive processes and their time course. In this paper, we focus on ERP experiments whose designs involve selecting participants and stimuli amongst many. Recently, Westfall et al. (2017) highlighted the drastic consequences of not considering stimuli as a random variable in fMRI studies with such designs. Most ERP studies in cognitive psychology suffer from the same drawback. New method: We advocate the use of the Quasi-F or Mixed-effects models instead of the classical ANOVA/by-participant F1 statistic to analyze ERP datasets in which the dependent variable is reduced to one measure per trial (e.g., mean amplitude). We combine Quasi-F statistic and cluster mass tests to analyze datasets with multiple measures per trial. Doing so allows us to treat stimulus as a random variable while correcting for multiple comparisons. Results: Simulations show that the use of Quasi-F statistics with cluster mass tests allows maintaining the family wise error rates close to the nominal alpha level of 0.05. Comparison with existing methods: Simulations reveal that the classical ANOVA/F1 approach has an alarming FWER, demonstrating the superiority of models that treat both participant and stimulus as random variables, like the Quasi-F approach. Conclusions: Our simulations question the validity of studies in which stimulus is not treated as a random variable. Failure to change the current standards feeds the replicability crisis. KW - Cluster mass KW - ERP KW - Quasi-F KW - Mixed-effects model KW - Replicability crisis KW - Stimulus as fixed-effect fallacy Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.016 SN - 0165-0270 SN - 1872-678X VL - 309 SP - 218 EP - 227 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ventura-Bort, Carlos A1 - Wirkner, Janine A1 - Dolcos, Florin A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Weymar, Mathias T1 - Enhanced spontaneous retrieval of cues from emotional events: an ERP study JF - Biological psychology N2 - Recent evidence points to enhanced episodic memory retrieval not only for emotional items but also for neutral information encoded in emotional contexts. However, prior research only tested instructed explicit recognition, and hence here we investigated whether memory retrieval is also heightened for cues from emotional contexts when retrieval is not explicitly probed. During the first session of a two-session experiment, neutral objects were presented on different background scenes varying in emotional and neutral contents. One week later, objects were presented again (with no background) intermixed with novel objects. In both sessions, participants were instructed to attentively watch the stimuli (free viewing procedure), and during the second session, ERPs were also collected to measure the ERP Old/New effect, an electrophysiological correlate of episodic memory retrieval. Analyses were performed using cluster-based permutation tests in order to identify reliable spatiotemporal ERP differences. Based on this approach, old relative to new objects, were associated with larger ERP positivity in an early (364-744 ms) and late time window (760-1148 ms) over distinct central electrode clusters. Interestingly, significant late ERP Old/New differences were only observed for objects previously encoded with emotional, but not neutral scenes (504 to 1144 ms). Because these ERP differences were observed in a non-instructed retrieval context, our results indicate that long-term, spontaneous retrieval for neutral objects, is particularly heightened if encoded within emotionally salient contextual information. These findings may assist in understanding mechanisms underlying spontaneous retrieval of emotional associates and the utility of ERPs to study maladaptive involuntary memories in trauma- and stress-related disorders. KW - Event-related potentials KW - ERP KW - Emotion KW - Retrieval KW - Spontaneous memory KW - Old/New effect Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107742 SN - 0301-0511 SN - 1873-6246 VL - 148 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Stone, Kate T1 - Predicting long-distance lexical content in German verb-particle constructions N2 - A large body of research now supports the presence of both syntactic and lexical predictions in sentence processing. Lexical predictions, in particular, are considered to indicate a deep level of predictive processing that extends past the structural features of a necessary word (e.g. noun), right down to the phonological features of the lexical identity of a specific word (e.g. /kite/; DeLong et al., 2005). However, evidence for lexical predictions typically focuses on predictions in very local environments, such as the adjacent word or words (DeLong et al., 2005; Van Berkum et al., 2005; Wicha et al., 2004). Predictions in such local environments may be indistinguishable from lexical priming, which is transient and uncontrolled, and as such may prime lexical items that are not compatible with the context (e.g. Kukona et al., 2014). Predictive processing has been argued to be a controlled process, with top-down information guiding preactivation of plausible upcoming lexical items (Kuperberg & Jaeger, 2016). One way to distinguish lexical priming from prediction is to demonstrate that preactivated lexical content can be maintained over longer distances. In this dissertation, separable German particle verbs are used to demonstrate that preactivation of lexical items can be maintained over multi-word distances. A self-paced reading time and an eye tracking experiment provide some support for the idea that particle preactivation triggered by a verb and its context can be observed by holding the sentence context constant and manipulating the predictabilty of the particle. Although evidence of an effect of particle predictability was only seen in eye tracking, this is consistent with previous evidence suggesting that predictive processing facilitates only some eye tracking measures to which the self-paced reading modality may not be sensitive (Staub, 2015; Rayner1998). Interestingly, manipulating the distance between the verb and the particle did not affect reading times, suggesting that the surprisal-predicted faster reading times at long distance may only occur when the additional distance is created by information that adds information about the lexical identity of a distant element (Levy, 2008; Grodner & Gibson, 2005). Furthermore, the results provide support for models proposing that temporal decay is not major influence on word processing (Lewandowsky et al., 2009; Vasishth et al., 2019). In the third and fourth experiments, event-related potentials were used as a method for detecting specific lexical predictions. In the initial ERP experiment, we found some support for the presence of lexical predictions when the sentence context constrained the number of plausible particles to a single particle. This was suggested by a frontal post-N400 positivity (PNP) that was elicited when a lexical prediction had been violated, but not to violations when more than one particle had been plausible. The results of this study were highly consistent with previous research suggesting that the PNP might be a much sought-after ERP marker of prediction failure (DeLong et al., 2011; DeLong et al., 2014; Van Petten & Luka, 2012; Thornhill & Van Petten, 2012; Kuperberg et al., 2019). However, a second experiment in a larger sample experiment failed to replicate the effect, but did suggest the relationship of the PNP to predictive processing may not yet be fully understood. Evidence for long-distance lexical predictions was inconclusive. The conclusion drawn from the four experiments is that preactivation of the lexical entries of plausible upcoming particles did occur and was maintained over long distances. The facilitatory effect of this preactivation at the particle site therefore did not appear to be the result of transient lexical priming. However, the question of whether this preactivation can also lead to lexical predictions of a specific particle remains unanswered. Of particular interest to future research on predictive processing is further characterisation of the PNP. Implications for models of sentence processing may be the inclusion of long-distance lexical predictions, or the possibility that preactivation of lexical material can facilitate reading times and ERP amplitude without commitment to a specific lexical item. N2 - Eine große Anzahl an Forschungen unterstützt nun sowohl das Vorkommen syntaktischer als auch lexikalischer Vorhersagen bei der Satzverarbeitung. Insbesondere lexikalische Vorhersagen gelten als Indikator für eine tiefe Ebene bei der prädiktiven Satzverarbeitung, die sich über die strukturellen Merkmale eines notwendigen Wortes (z.B. Substantiv) bis hin zu den phonologischen Merkmalen der lexikalischen Identität eines bestimmten Wortes erstreckt (z.B. /kite/; DeLong et al., 2005). Die Evidenz für lexikalische Vorhersagen konzentriert sich jedoch in der Regel auf Vorhersagen in sehr lokalen Umgebungen wie zum Beispiel das angrenzende Wort oder die angrenzenden Wörter (DeLong et al., 2005; Van Berkum et al., 2005; Wicha et al., 2004). Vorhersagen in solchen lokalen Umgebungen sind womöglich nicht unterscheidbar von lexikalischem Priming, das vorübergehend und unkontrolliert ist und könnten als solches lexikalische Elemente primen, die mit dem Kontext nicht kompatibel sind (z.B. Kukona et al., 2014). Die prädiktive Verarbeitung wurde als ein kontrollierter Prozess verstanden, bei dem top-down verarbeitete Informationen die Präaktivierung plausibler bevorstehender lexikalischer Elemente steuern (Kuperberg & Jaeger, 2016). Eine Möglichkeit, lexikalisches Priming von Vorhersagen zu unterscheiden, besteht darin, zu zeigen, dass präaktivierte lexikalische Inhalte über größere Entfernungen beibehalten werden können. In dieser Dissertation werden trennbare deutsche Partikelverben verwendet, um zu zeigen, dass die Präaktivierung lexikalischer Elemente über Mehrwortdistanzen aufrechterhalten werden kann. Ein selbstbestimmtes Leseexperiment und ein Eyetracking-Experiment liefern eine gewisse Bestätigung für die Idee, dass die Präaktivierung von Partikeln, ausgelöst von einem Verb und dessen Kontext, beobachtet werden kann, indem der Satzkontext konstant gehalten und die Vorhersagbarkeit des Partikels manipuliert wird. Obwohl der Nachweis eines Effekts der Partikelvorhersagbarkeit nur im Eyetracking zu sehen war, stimmt dies mit früheren Erkenntnissen überein, die darauf hindeuten, dass die prädiktive Verarbeitung nur einige Eyetracking-Messungen erleichtert, für die die selbstbestimmte Lesemodalität möglicherweise nicht sensitiv genug ist (Staub, 2015; Rayner, 1998). Interessanterweise hatte die Manipulation des Abstands zwischen dem Verb und dem Partikel keinen Einfluss auf die Lesezeiten, was darauf hindeutet, dass die durch die Surprisal-Theorie vorhergesagten schnelleren Lesezeiten bei großem Abstand nur dann auftreten können, wenn der zusätzliche Abstand durch Informationen erzeugt wird, die Informationen über die lexikalische Identität eines entfernten Elements hinzufügen (Levy, 2008; Grodner & Gibson, 2005). Darüber hinaus liefern die Ergebnisse Unterstützung für Modelle, die vorschlagen, dass der zeitliche Aktivierungsverfall keinen großen Einfluss auf die Wortverarbeitung hat (Lewandowsky et al., 2009; Vasishth et al., 2019). Im dritten und vierten Experiment wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) als Methode zum Nachweis spezifischer lexikalischer Vorhersagen verwendet. Im ersten EKP-Experiment fanden wir eine gewisse Bestätigung für das Vorhandensein lexikalischer Vorhersagen, wenn der Satzkontext die Anzahl der plausiblen Partikel auf ein einziges Partikel beschränkte. Dies wurde durch eine frontale Post-N400-Positivität (PNP) angedeutet, die hervorgerufen wurde, wenn eine lexikalische Vorhersage verletzt worden war, aber nicht bei Verletzungen, wenn mehr als ein Partikel plausibel gewesen war. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie stimmen in hohem Maße mit früheren Untersuchungen überein, die darauf hindeuten, dass die PNP ein sehr gesuchter EKP-Marker für das Scheitern von Vorhersagen sein könnte (DeLong et al., 2011; DeLong et al., 2014; Van Petten & Luka, 2012; Thornhill & Van Petten, 2012; Kuperberg et al., 2020). Ein zweites Experiment mit einer größeren Stichprobe konnte den Effekt jedoch nicht replizieren, deutete aber darauf hin, dass die Beziehung der PNP zur prädiktiven Verarbeitung möglicherweise noch nicht vollständig verstanden ist. Die Evidenz für lexikalische Fernvorhersagen war nicht schlüssig. Die Schlussfolgerung, die aus den vier Experimenten gezogen wurde, ist, dass eine Präaktivierung der lexikalischen Einträge von plausiblen, bevorstehenden Partikeln stattgefunden hat und über weite Strecken aufrechterhalten wurde. Die erleichternde Wirkung dieser Präaktivierung am Partikel scheint daher nicht das Ergebnis eines vorübergehenden lexikalischen Primings zu sein. Die Frage, ob diese Präaktivierung auch zu lexikalischen Vorhersagen eines bestimmten Partikels führen kann, bleibt jedoch unbeantwortet. Von besonderem Interesse für zukünftige Forschung zur prädiktiven Verarbeitung ist die weitere Charakterisierung der PNP. Implikationen für Satzverarbeitungsmodelle sind beispielsweise die Einbeziehung von lexikalischen Fernvorhersagen oder die Möglichkeit, dass die Präaktivierung von lexikalischem Material die Lesezeiten und die EKP-Amplitude ohne Bindung an ein bestimmtes lexikalisches Element erleichtern kann. T2 - Lexikalische Vorhersagen in Partikelverb-Konstruktionen des Deutschen KW - sentence processing KW - prediction KW - particle verbs KW - preactivation KW - ERP KW - eye tracking KW - self-paced reading KW - EKP KW - Partikelverben KW - Preaktivierung KW - Vorhersagen KW - selbstbestimmtes Lesen KW - Satzverarbeitung KW - Eyetracking Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476798 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bridwell, David A. A1 - Cavanagh, James F. A1 - Collins, Anne G. E. A1 - Nunez, Michael D. A1 - Srinivasan, Ramesh A1 - Stober, Sebastian A1 - Calhoun, Vince D. T1 - Moving beyond ERP components BT - a selective review of approaches to integrate EEG and behavior T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Relationships between neuroimaging measures and behavior provide important clues about brain function and cognition in healthy and clinical populations. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides a portable, low cost measure of brain dynamics, it has been somewhat underrepresented in the emerging field of model-based inference. We seek to address this gap in this article by highlighting the utility of linking EEG and behavior, with an emphasis on approaches for EEG analysis that move beyond focusing on peaks or "components" derived from averaging EEG responses across trials and subjects (generating the event-related potential, ERP). First, we review methods for deriving features from EEG in order to enhance the signal within single-trials. These methods include filtering based on user-defined features (i.e., frequency decomposition, time-frequency decomposition), filtering based on data-driven properties (i.e., blind source separation, BSS), and generating more abstract representations of data (e.g., using deep learning). We then review cognitive models which extract latent variables from experimental tasks, including the drift diffusion model (DDM) and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. Next, we discuss ways to access associations among these measures, including statistical models, data-driven joint models and cognitive joint modeling using hierarchical Bayesian models (HBMs). We think that these methodological tools are likely to contribute to theoretical advancements, and will help inform our understandings of brain dynamics that contribute to moment-to-moment cognitive function. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 656 KW - EEG KW - ERP KW - blind source separation KW - partial least squares KW - canonical correlations analysis KW - representational similarity analysis KW - deep learning KW - hierarchical Bayesian model Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459667 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 656 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzner, Paul A1 - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Roesler, Frank T1 - The Importance of Reading Naturally: Evidence From Combined Recordings of Eye Movements and Electric Brain Potentials JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society KW - Reading KW - Sentence comprehension KW - ERP KW - Eye movements KW - Regressions Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12384 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 41 SP - 1232 EP - 1263 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czypionka, Anna A1 - Spalek, Katharina A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Krifka, Manfred T1 - On the interplay of object animacy and verb type during sentence comprehension in German: ERP evidence from the processing of transitive dative and accusative constructions JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - Comprehension of transitive sentences relies on different kinds of information, like word order, case marking, and animacy contrasts between arguments. When no formal cues like case marking or number congruency are available, a contrast in animacy helps the parser to decide which argument is the grammatical subject and which the object. Processing costs are enhanced when neither formal cues nor animacy contrasts are available in a transitive sentence. We present an ERP study on the comprehension of grammatical transitive German sentences, manipulating animacy contrasts between subjects and objects as well as the verbal case marking pattern. Our study shows strong object animacy effects even in the absence of violations, and in addition suggests that this effect of object animacy is modulated by the verbal case marking pattern. KW - sentence comprehension KW - animacy KW - case marking KW - ERP KW - German Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0031 SN - 0024-3949 SN - 1613-396X VL - 55 SP - 1383 EP - 1433 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mai, Sandra A1 - Gramann, Klaus A1 - Herbert, Beate M. A1 - Friederich, Hans-Christoph A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Pollatos, Olga T1 - Electrophysiological evidence for an attentional bias in processing body stimuli in bulimia nervosa JF - Biological psychology N2 - Empirical evidence suggests abnormalities in the processing of body stimuli in bulimia nervosa (BN). This study investigated central markers of processing body stimuli by means of event-related potentials in BN. EEG was recorded from 20 women with BN and 20 matched healthy controls while watching and evaluating underweight, normal and overweight female body pictures. Bulimics evaluated underweight bodies as less unpleasant and overweight bodies as bigger and more arousing. A higher P2 to overweight stimuli occurred in BN only. In contrast to controls, no N2 increase to underweight bodies was observed in BN. P3 was modulated by stimulus category only in healthy controls; late slow waves to underweight bodies were more pronounced in both groups. P2 amplitudes to overweight stimuli were correlated with drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. We present novel support for altered perceptual and cognitive-affective processing of body images in BN on the subjective and electrophysiological level. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Bulimia nervosa KW - Body image KW - Body stimuli KW - ERP KW - P2 KW - Slow positive wave Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.03.013 SN - 0301-0511 SN - 1873-6246 VL - 108 SP - 105 EP - 114 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Passow, Susanne A1 - Westerhausen, Rene A1 - Hugdahl, Kenneth A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Heekeren, Hauke R. A1 - Lindenberger, Ulman A1 - Li, Shu-Chen T1 - Electrophysiological correlates of adult age differences in attentional control of auditory processing JF - Cerebral cortex N2 - In addition to sensory decline, age-related losses in auditory perception also reflect impairments in attentional modulation of perceptual saliency. Using an attention and intensity-modulated dichotic listening paradigm, we investigated electrophysiological correlates of processing conflicts between attentional focus and perceptual saliency in 25 younger and 26 older adults. Participants were instructed to attend to the right or left ear, and perceptual saliency was manipulated by varying the intensities of both ears. Attentional control demand was higher in conditions when attentional focus and perceptual saliency favored opposing ears than in conditions without such conflicts. Relative to younger adults, older adults modulated their attention less flexibly and were more influenced by perceptual saliency. Our results show, for the first time, that in younger adults a late negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) at fronto-central and parietal electrodes was sensitive to perceptual-attentional conflicts during auditory processing (N450 modulation effect). Crucially, the magnitude of the N450 modulation effect correlated positively with task performance. In line with lower attentional flexibility, the ERP waveforms of older adults showed absence of the late negativity and the modulation effect. This suggests that aging compromises the activation of the frontoparietal attentional network when processing the competing and conflicting auditory information. KW - aging KW - attention KW - auditory perception KW - conflict monitoring KW - ERP Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs306 SN - 1047-3211 SN - 1460-2199 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 249 EP - 260 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Cary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leminen, Alina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Brain potentials to inflected adjectives: Beyond storage and decomposition JF - Brain research : an international multidisciplinary journal devoted to fundamental research in the brain sciences KW - Inflection KW - Morphology KW - Morpho-syntactic feature KW - Lexical-semantics KW - ERP KW - N400 Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.038 SN - 0006-8993 SN - 1872-6240 VL - 1543 SP - 223 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burmester, Juliane A1 - Spalek, Katharina A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Context updating during sentence comprehension: The effect of aboutness topic JF - Brain & language : a journal of the neurobiology of language KW - Information structure KW - Discourse context KW - Aboutness topic KW - Sentence processing KW - Word order variation KW - ERP KW - Late positivity KW - Syntax-Discourse Model Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.08.001 SN - 0093-934X SN - 1090-2155 VL - 137 SP - 62 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drenhaus, Heiner A1 - Zimmermann, Malte A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Exhaustiveness effects in clefts are not truth-functional JF - Journal of neurolinguistics : an international journal for the study of brain function in language behavior and experience N2 - While it is widely acknowledged in the formal semantic literature that both the truth-functional focus particle only and it-clefts convey exhaustiveness, the nature and source of exhaustiveness effects with it-clefts remain contested. We describe a questionnaire study (n = 80) and an event-related brain potentials (ERP) study (n = 16) that investigated the violation of exhaustiveness in German only-foci versus it-clefts. The offline study showed that a violation of exhaustivity with only is less acceptable than the violation with it-clefts, suggesting a difference in the nature of exhaustivity interpretation in the two environments. The ERP-results confirm that this difference can be seen in online processing as well: a violation of exhaustiveness in only-foci elicited a centro-posterior positivity (600-800ms), whereas a violation in it-clefts induced a globally distributed N400 pattern (400-600ms). The positivity can be interpreted as a reanalysis process and more generally as a process of context updating. The N400 effect in it-clefts is interpreted as indexing a cancelation process that is functionally distinct from the only case. The ERP study is, to our knowledge, the first evidence from an online experimental paradigm which shows that the violation of exhaustiveness involves different underlying processes in the two structural environments. KW - ERP KW - It- clefts KW - Only-foci KW - Information structure KW - German Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.10.004 SN - 0911-6044 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 320 EP - 337 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Czerwon, Beate A1 - Hohlfeld, Annette A1 - Wiese, Heike A1 - Werheid, Katja T1 - The influence of complex verbal stimuli on emotion processing in youngerand older adults investigated by a cross-modal priming task - an ERP study T2 - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research KW - ERP KW - emotion KW - priming Y1 - 2011 SN - 0048-5772 VL - 48 SP - S59 EP - S59 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czerwon, Beate A1 - Hohlfeld, Annette A1 - Wiese, Heike A1 - Werheid, Katja T1 - Syntactic structural parallelisms influence processing of positive stimuli evidence from cross-modal ERP priming JF - International journal of psychophysiology N2 - Language can strongly influence the emotional state of the recipient. In contrast to the broad body of experimental and neuroscientific research on semantic information and prosodic speech, the emotional impact of grammatical structure has rarely been investigated. One reason for this might be, that measuring effects of syntactic structure involves the use of complex stimuli, for which the emotional impact of grammar is difficult to isolate. In the present experiment we examined the emotional impact of structural parallelisms, that is, repetitions of syntactic features, on the emotion-sensitive "late positive potential" (LPP) with a cross-modal priming paradigm. Primes were auditory presented nonsense sentences which included grammatical-syntactic parallelisms. Visual targets were positive, neutral, and negative faces, to be classified as emotional or non-emotional by the participants. Electrophysiology revealed diminished LPP amplitudes for positive faces following parallel primes. Thus, our findings suggest that grammatical structure creates an emotional context that facilitates processing of positive emotional information. KW - Language KW - Emotion KW - Priming KW - ERP KW - Late positive potential KW - Structural parallelisms Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.014 SN - 0167-8760 SN - 1872-7697 VL - 87 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Budd, Mary-Jane A1 - Paulmann, Silke A1 - Barry, Christopher A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Brain potentials during language production in children and adults - an ERP study of the English past tense JF - Brain & language : a journal of the neurobiology of language N2 - The current study examines the neural correlates of 8-to-12-year-old children and adults producing inflected word forms, specifically regular vs. irregular past-tense forms in English, using a silent production paradigm. ERPs were time-locked to a visual cue for silent production of either a regular or irregular past-tense form or a 3rd person singular present tense form of a given verb (e.g., walked/sang vs. walks/sings). Subsequently, another visual stimulus cued participants for an overt vocalization of their response. ERP results for the adult group revealed a negativity 300-450 ms after the silent-production cue for regular compared to irregular past-tense forms. There was no difference in the present form condition. Children's brain potentials revealed developmental changes, with the older children demonstrating more adult-like ERP responses than the younger ones. We interpret the observed ERP responses as reflecting combinatorial processing involved in regular (but not irregular) past-tense formation. KW - ERP KW - Morphology KW - Production KW - Children KW - Past tense Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2012.12.010 SN - 0093-934X SN - 1090-2155 VL - 127 IS - 3 SP - 345 EP - 355 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - THES A1 - Breakell Fernandez, Leigh T1 - Investigating word order processing using pupillometry and event-related potentials T1 - Untersuchung von Wortfolge-Verarbeitungen unter Verwendung von Pupillometrie und EEG N2 - In this thesis sentence processing was investigated using a psychophysiological measure known as pupillometry as well as Event-Related Potentials (ERP). The scope of the the- sis was broad, investigating the processing of several different movement constructions with native speakers of English and second language learners of English, as well as word order and case marking in German speaking adults and children. Pupillometry and ERP allowed us to test competing linguistic theories and use novel methodologies to investigate the processing of word order. In doing so we also aimed to establish pupillometry as an effective way to investigate the processing of word order thus broadening the methodological spectrum. N2 - Die Doktorarbeit befasste sich mit der Untersuchung von Satzverarbeitung mittels der psychophysiologischen Methode Pupillometrie sowie EEG .Sie umfasst die Untersuchung verschiedener syntaktischer Konstruktionen und Kasusmarkierungen, deren Verarbeitung bei Muttersprachlern und Zweitsprachenlernern des Englischen sowie deutschsprachigen Erwachsenen und Kindern getestet wurden. Pupillometrie und EEG machten es möglich, konkurrierende linguistische Theorien zu testen und neuartige Methodiken zur Untersuchung der Verarbeitung von Wortfolgen zu nutzen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt bestand darin, Pupillometrie als effektive Art der Untersuchung von Wortfolge-Verarbeitungen zu etablieren und damit das methodologische Spektrum zu erweitern. KW - pupillometry KW - ERP KW - movement structures KW - L2 KW - word order processing KW - child language processing KW - auditory sentence processing KW - Verarbeitung von Zweitsprachen KW - EEG KW - Verarbeitung von Wortfolgen KW - Pupillometrie KW - Eye-Tracking Satzverarbeitung KW - Sprachverarbeitung bei Kindern Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91438 ER - TY - THES A1 - Regel, Stefanie T1 - The comprehension of figurative language : electrophysiological evidence on the processing of irony T1 - Zum Verstehen figurativer Sprache : elektrophysiologische Studien zur Verarbeitung von Ironie N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht das Verstehen figurativer Sprache, im Besonderen die zeitliche Verarbeitung von verbaler Ironie. In sechs Experimenten wurde mittels ereignis-korrelierter Potentiale (EKP) die Gehirnaktivität beim Verstehen ironischer Äußerungen im Vergleich zu entsprechenden nicht-ironischen Äußerungen gemessen und analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurde der Einfluss verschiedener sprachbegleitender Hinweisreize, z.B. von Prosodie oder der Verwendung von Satzzeichen, sowie außersprachlicher Hinweisreize, wie bspw. pragmatischen Wissens, auf das Ironieverstehen untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse werden verschiedene psycholinguistische Modelle figurativer Sprachverarbeitung, d.h. 'standard pragmatic model', 'graded salience hypothesis', sowie 'direct access view', diskutiert. N2 - This dissertation investigates the comprehension of figurative language, in particular the temporal processing of verbal irony. In six experiments using event-related potentials(ERP) brain activity during the comprehension of ironic utterances in relation to equivalent non-ironic utterances was measured and analyzed. Moreover, the impact of various language-accompanying cues, e.g., prosody or the use of punctuation marks, as well as non-verbal cues such as pragmatic knowledge has been examined with respect to the processing of irony. On the basis of these findings different models on figurative language comprehension, i.e., the 'standard pragmatic model', the 'graded salience hypothesis', and the 'direct access view', are discussed. KW - Figurative Sprachverarbeitung KW - verbale Ironie KW - Pragmatik KW - Diskursverstehen KW - EKP KW - Figurative language processing KW - verbal irony KW - pragmatics KW - discourse comprehension KW - ERP Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33376 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wahl, Michael T1 - Syntaktische und semantische Verarbeitung auditorisch präsentierter Sätze in kortiko-basalen Hirnstrukturen : eine EKP-Studie T1 - Syntacic and semantic processing of auditory presented sentences within cortico-basal brain structures : an ERP-study N2 - Seit den Anfängen empirisch-neurowissenschaftlicher Forschung gilt Sprachkompetenz zuvorderst als eine Leistung der Hirnrinde (Kortex), jedoch wurden v. a. im Zuge sich verbessernder bildgebender Verfahren aphasische Syndrome auch nach Läsionen subkortikaler Hirnregionen, insbesondere der Basalganglien und des Thalamus nachgewiesen. Diese Strukturen liegen in der Tiefe des Gehirns und kommunizieren über weit gefächerte Faserverbindungen mit dem Kortex. In erster Linie werden den Basalganglien senso-motorische Kontrollfunktionen zugewiesen. Dementsprechend werden diverse Erkrankungen, die durch Störungen physiologischer Bewegungsabläufe gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. Morbus Parkinson, Chorea Huntington), auf Funktionsdefekte dieser Strukturen zurückgeführt. Der Thalamus wird häufig als Relaisstation des Informationsaustauschs zwischen anatomisch entfernten Arealen des Nervensystems aufgefasst. Basalganglien und Thalamus werden jedoch auch darüber hinausgehende Funktionen, z. B. zur Bereitstellung, Aufrechterhaltung und Auslenkung von Aufmerksamkeit bei der Bearbeitung kognitiver Aufgaben zugesprochen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit elektrophysiologischen Methoden untersucht, ob auf der Ebene von Thalamus und Basalganglien kognitive Sprachleistungen, spezifisch der syntaktischen und semantischen Verarbeitung nachgewiesen werden können und inwieweit sich eventuell subkortikale von kortikaler Sprachverarbeitung unterscheidet. Die Untersuchung spezieller Sprachfunktionen der Basalganglien und des Thalamus ist im Rahmen der operativen Behandlung bewegungsgestörter Patienten mit der sog. Tiefenhirnstimulation (DBS = engl. Deep Brain Stimulation) möglich. Hierbei werden Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson Stimulationselektroden in den Nucleus subthalamicus (STN) implantiert. Bei Patienten mit generalisierten Dystonien erfolgt die Implantation in den Globus pallidus internus (GPI) und bei Patienten mit essentiellem Tremor in den Nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM). STN und GPI sind Kernareale der Basalganglien, der VIM ist Teil des motorischen Systems. Nach der Implantation besteht die Möglichkeit, direkt von diesen Elektroden elektroenzephalographische (EEG)-Signale abzuleiten und diese mit simultan abgeleiteten Oberflächen-EEG zu vergleichen. In dieser Arbeit wurden DBS-Patienten aus allen genannten Gruppen in Bezug auf Sprachverständnisleistungen untersucht. Neben der Präsentation korrekter Sätze hörten die Patienten Sätze mit syntaktischen oder semantischen Fehlern. In verschiedenen Studien wurden an der Skalp-Oberfläche EKP-Komponenten (EKP = ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale) beschrieben, welche mit der Verarbeitung solcher Fehler in Verbindung gebracht werden. So verursachen syntaktische Phrasenstrukturverletzungen eine frühe links-anteriore Negativierung (ELAN). Dieser Komponente folgt eine späte Positivierung (P600), die mit Reanalyse und Reparaturmechanismen in Verbindung gebracht wird. Semantische Verletzungen evozieren eine breite Negativierung um 400ms (N400). In den thalamischen Ableitungen wurden zwei zusätzliche syntaktische fehlerbezogene Komponenten gefunden, die (i) ~ 80ms nach der Skalp-ELAN und (ii) ~ 70ms vor der Skalp-P600 auftraten. Bei semantischen Verletzungen wurde im Thalamus ein fehlerbezogenes Potential nachgewiesen, welches weitgehend parallel mit dem am Skalp gefundenen Muster verläuft. Aus den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Studie folgt, dass der Thalamus spezifische Sprachfunktionen erfüllt. Komponenten, die Sprachverarbeitungsprozesse reflektieren, konnten in den Basalganglienstrukturen STN und GPI nicht identifiziert werden. Aufgrund der erhobenen Daten werden zwei getrennte Netzwerke für die Verarbeitung syntaktischer bzw. semantischer Fehler angenommen. In diesen Netzwerken scheint der Thalamus spezifische Aufgaben zu übernehmen. In einem ‚Syntaxnetzwerk’ kommunizieren frontale Hirnstrukturen unter Einbeziehung des Thalamus mit parietalen Hirnstrukturen. Dem Thalamus wurde eine Mediationsfunktion in der syntaktischen Reanalyse zugesprochen. In einem ‚Semantiknetzwerk’ waren keine eindeutig zuordenbaren Prozesse auf thalamischer Ebene nachweisbar. Es wurde eine unscharfe, jedoch aber spezifische Aktivierung des Thalamus über den gesamten Zeitraum der kortikalen semantischen Analyse gezeigt, welche als Integration verschiedener Analysemechanismen gewertet wurde. N2 - Since the beginning of empirical neuroscientific research language competence has been primary localized at the brain cortex. Improved functional neuroimaging techniques were able to localize lesions in structures which caused aphasic syndromes. These syndromes were particularly found after lesions of the basal ganglia and the thalamus These structures are located in the depth of the brain and communicate over widespread fiber connections with the cortex. Sensori-motor control functions are primarily assigned to the basal ganglia. Various diseases, which are characterized by disturbances of physiological courses of motion (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, Chorea Huntington) are attributed to function defects of these structures. The thalamus was originally understood as a simple relay station of information exchange between various cortical areas of the nervous system. However, additional functions were assigned to the basal ganglia and thalamus, e.g. maintenance and deflection of attention while processing of cognitive tasks. Within the present investigation thalamic and basal ganglia achievements in language processing were studied with electro-physiological methods to investigate differences between cortical and subcortical processes. The investigation of special language functions of the basal ganglia and the thalamus is possible in the context of the surgical treatment of movement-disordered patients with "Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)". Stimulation electrodes have been implanted to patients with Parkinson’s disease into the subthalamic nucleus (STN), patients with generalized dystonia into the globus pallidus internus (GPi), and patients suffering from essential tremor into the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM). STN and GPi are core areas of the basal ganglia, the VIM is part of the motor system. EEG-signals may be derived directly from these implanted electrodes and be compared to the simultaneously derived signals of a surface EEG. In this thesis DBS patients from all groups mentioned above were examined regarding language understanding achievements. The patients listened to sentences, which were either correct or syntactical or semantical incorrect. Different studies described scalp ERP components (ERP = event related potentials) which occurred after different types of errors in sentences. Thus, syntactic phrase structure violations cause an early left anterior negativity (ELAN). A late positivity (P600) follows this component and was hypothesized as a reflection of syntactical reanalysis and/or repair. Semantic violations evoke a broad negativity around 400ms (N400). In the thalamic EEG two additional syntactic components were identified, which were seen (i) ~ 80ms after the scalp ELAN and (ii) ~ 70ms before the scalp-P600. At thalamic level semantic violations caused a negativity, which parallels largely with the negativity found at the scalp. The results of this study suggest, that the thalamus fulfills specific language functions. In the basal ganglia structures (GPI and STN) no language specific components were found. Due to the collected data two separate networks are suggested for the processing of syntactic and/or semantic errors. In these networks the thalamus seems to fulfill specific tasks. In a "syntax network” frontal brain structures communicate with parietale brain structures via the thalamus. The function of the thalamus in this network is the mediation of the syntactic reanalysis. In a "semantic network” no clearly classified processes were proved at thalamic level, because of a similarity of thalamic and scalp signals. However, during the entire period of the cortical analysis activation of the thalamus was apparent. This activation was rated as integration of different analysis mechanisms. KW - EKP KW - Sprachverarbeitung KW - Thalamus KW - Basalganglien KW - ERP KW - language processing KW - thalamus KW - basal ganglia Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14247 ER -